全员探究
Warming up
1. What are the qualities you should find in a great person
你认为伟大的人物拥有什么品质？
[要点导航] quality [U]&[C] 质量；[C]（尤指好的）人品，素质，品德（通常用复数）。例如：
When costs are cut product quality suffers.
一旦降低成本，产品质量就会受到影响
It’s very important
拥有一批高素质的教师是非常重要的。
[思维拓展] quality和quantity辨析：
quality 表示 “质量”。和quality连用的动词有improve, judge；连用的形容词有poor, high, good, top等。例如：
Their quality of life improved when they moved to France.
他们移居法国之后生活质量提高了。
This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.
这种新型号质量非常好,而且也不贵。
quantity 表示“数量”，常与large， small等词搭配。例如：
He ate a small quantity of rice. 他吃了少量的米饭。
He died and left unpublished works.
他死了，留下大量未及发表的作品。
2. Are you willing to do Public service work without pay
你愿意不要报酬为公众服务吗？
[要点导航] willing adj.愿意，乐意；自愿的，乐于相助的。例如：
They keep a list of people who
他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。
I told them
我告诉他们我非常乐于帮忙。
他们是志愿工作者。
[思维拓展] 表示“乐于帮助他人”的结构有：
be ready/prepared to do something
be glad/happy/pleased to do something
not mind doing something
[问题探究] willing的两个含义，用法上有什么不同
提示： 注意willing在句中的位置。表示“愿意；乐意”，一般作表语；表示“自愿的；乐于相助的”，通常放在名词前作定语。
3. Are you active in school activities
你积极参加学校活动吗？
[要点导航] active adj.积极的；活跃的。例如：
What is the active ingredient in aspirin
什么是阿司匹林中的有效成分？
They were
.他们两人在政治上都很积极。
Although he’s nearly 80,
尽管快80岁了， 他还是十分活跃。
[思维拓展] active构成的短语有：
①take an active part in 积极参加。例如：
She takes an active part in school life.她积极参加学校活动。
②take active steps 采取积极措施。例如：
They took active steps to prevent the spread of the disease.
他们采取积极措施，防止疾病蔓延。
③be active in 积极参加。例如：
The company is active in promoting overseas investment.
这家公司积极促进国外投资。
4. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble
当身处困难时，你容易失去信心吗？
(1) lose heart
[要点导航] lose heart 丧失勇气或信心。例如：
We mustn't when people complain.
当人们抱怨时，我们不能泄气。
[思维拓展] lose one’s heart to = fall in love with 爱上
I had lost my heart to the little, golden flowers that brightened the meadows like a thousand suns.
我爱上了这种金黄色的小花， 它们象许许多多的太阳点燃了整个草原。
This very thing was the only one of the reasons why he had never lost his heart to anyone.
这件事是他从来不爱别人的唯一原因。
⑵ in trouble
[要点导航] in trouble 处于困境中；受到牵连。例如：
We're in trouble， this is no time for contention.
我们处境很困难,现在不是争论的时候。
He’s in trouble with the police.他犯事落入到警察的手里。
You need a friend to help you out of trouble.
你需要一个朋友帮助你摆脱困境。
[思维拓展] trouble构成的短语还有：
①get/run into trouble 陷入困境。 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境
例如：
The company ran into trouble when it tried to expand too quickly.
扩张的太迅速，公司陷入了困境。
My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents.
以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。
②take the trouble to do something 不辞辛劳地做。例如：
She didn’t even take the trouble to find out how to spell my name.
她嫌麻烦， 甚至连我的姓名如何拼写都不想搞清楚。
③have trouble (in) doing something 做某事有麻烦
Students growing up from nursery school to college have trouble dealing with realities.
从幼儿园到大学的大学生在如何应付现实生活上都存在困难。
④save the trouble of doing 避免麻烦
If you'd asked me first, I could have saved you the trouble.
如果你已开始就问我， 就省了你的麻烦。
⑤put somebody to trouble 给（某人）添麻烦
I don’t want to put you to a lot of trouble.
我不想给你添很多麻烦。
你能翻译出下列句子吗
1) Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
2）I’m sorry to put you so much trouble.
3）I hope we haven’t put you to any trouble.
4）He is always making trouble.
5）Don’t ask/look for trouble.
6）Students growing up from nursery school to college have trouble dealing with realities.
5. Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
纳尔逊·曼德拉 –- 一位现代英雄
[要点导航] hero n.(pl.heroes) 英雄；男主角。例如：
The Olympic team were given a hero’s welcome on their return home.
奥运代表队回国时受到了英雄般的欢迎。
The hero of the novel is a ten—year old boy.
这部小说的主人公是个十岁的男孩。
[思维拓展] heroine 女英雄；女主角。例如：
The story is narrated entirely by the heroine.
这个故事完全是由女英雄叙述的。
The heroine of her latest novel is a middle—class English woman.
她最新小说的女主人公是英国中产阶级的妇女。
[问题探究] 阴、阳性形式不同的名词还有哪些？
提示：boy男孩→girl女孩 bridegroom新郎→bride新娘
father父亲→mother母亲 gentleman先生→lady女士
husband丈夫→wife妻子 man男人→woman女人
nephew侄子→niece侄女 son儿子→daughter女儿
uncle伯伯，叔叔→aunt伯母 king 国王→queen女王，王后
prince王子→princess公主 actor男演员→actress女演员
host男主人→hostess女主人 manager男经理→manageress女经理
waiter男侍者→waitress女侍者
Pre-reading
1. He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War Ⅱ.
二战中， 他与德国纳粹和日本侵略者作斗争。
[要点导航] fight vt.& vi.(fought, fought)打仗；斗争。
① fight sb.与某人打仗、斗争。例如：
They gathered soldiers to 。
他们召集士兵对抗入侵的军队。
Vietnam fought France and then the US over 30 years.
越南先是跟法国，后来跟美国，共打了30点多年的仗。
② fight for 为……打仗、斗争。例如：
People often have to
人们往往不得不为自由而战。
They are fighting for
他们在为争取较好的工作条件而斗争。
③ fight against 与……打仗、斗争，为反对……而斗争。例如：
England fought against(with) Germany in that war.
在那场战争中英国和德国作战。
This increased their determination to 。
这增强了他们反对这场战争的决心。
[思维拓展] fight [C] 打仗；打架；争论。例如：
In the fight for Lemburg, the Austrians lost.
在争夺伦贝格的战役中，奥地利人被打败了。
A fight broke out between rival groups of fans.
双方球迷打了起来。
We had a fight over money.我们为钱吵了一架。
[问题探究] fight可接同源宾语，如fight a hard battle打一场硬仗，fight a good fight打一场漂亮的仗。在第三单元我们已学习了可接同源宾语的动词，你现在还能把这些词回忆起来吗？
提示：可接同源宾语的动词有fight, live, dream, sing, die, smile, breathe等。
2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他坚信三民主义，即民族主义、民权主义和民生主义。
[要点导航] principle 法则；原则；原理。例如：
On the basis of the five principles for peaceful coexistence there can be reasonable dialogue between any two governments.
以和平共处的五项原则为基础任何两国政府间都可以进行合理的对话。
It is a principle of mine to help people when I can.
我的一个原则是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人。
[思维拓展] in principle 原则上；大致上；通常。例如;
They agree to the plan in principle。
他们原则上同意这个计划。
3. … and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
为了自己的国家脱离英国的统治，用和平的方式而战斗。
[要点导航] peaceful adj.和平的；宁静的。例如：
We must cooperate to 。
我们必须协力建造和谐的社会。
We want to live in a place more peaceful than here.
我们想住在一个比这里安静的地方。
[思维拓展] peace [U] 和平；安静。例如：
It was a temporary peace, and another war soon broke out.
短暂的和平之后不久另一场战争又爆发了。
He lost his peace of mind.他失去了心灵的宁静。
[问题探究] 你能说出peace构成的常用短语吗？
提示：at peace 和平的（地），in peace平安的（地），安心的（地），
make peace讲和，make one’s peace with跟……讲和。
4. He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为了黑人而战斗，在监狱里呆了30年。
[要点导航] prison [C][U] 监狱，看守所。例如：
The pickpocket was sent to prison for a year.
那个小偷被判处一年监禁。
He has been out of prison for 3 years now.他出狱已经3年了。
They'll probably put him in prison for a long time.
很有可能，他们会让他在监狱里呆上很长时间。
[问题探究] prison 表示“监狱”时，前面一般不加冠词，类似用法的名词还有哪些？ 有哪些常用搭配？
提示： 这类词有bed，church，court，hospital，prison，school，college，university等。在下列情况下一般不用定冠词the。例如：
go to bed(to sleep or as invalids) 上床睡觉或（病人）卧床
go to church(to pray) 去教堂祷告
go to court(as litigants) 上法院打官司
go to hospital(as patients) 去医院就医
go to prison(as prisoners) 进监狱坐牢
go to school/college/university(to study) 去学校/学院/大学读书
in bed(sleeping or resting) 在床上（睡觉或休息）
at church(as worshippers) 在教堂做礼拜
in court(as witnesses) 在法庭作证
in hospital(as patients) 生病住院
at school(as students) 在学校读书
be/get back/home from school/college 从学校/大学回到家里
leave school离校，放学回家
leave hospital出院
be released from prison 出狱
如果往这些地方去是由于其他原因，则要用定冠词：
I went to the church to see the stained glass．
我到教堂看染色拼花玻璃窗去了。
He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures．
他有时去监狱给囚犯演讲。
Reading
1. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候， 是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
[要点导航] period [C] 时期；学时；周期。例如：
The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years. 这家工厂将在2年内关闭。
You can have it for a trial period.这东西你可以试用一段时间。
What class do you have first period
第一学期你学习什么课程？
2. It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.
那是在1952年， 他开设了一家黑人律师事务所， 为那些遇到麻烦的穷苦黑人提供咨询服务。
[要点导航] advise v.劝告，忠告，建议。用法如下：
①advise sb not to do sth./ against doing sth. 建议某人不做某事
advise (sb.) against sth./doing sth.建议……不做某事。例如：
She advised him not to sleep late. 她建议他别睡懒觉。
She advised him against staying up late. 她建议他别熬夜。
我要极力奉劝你别单独外出。
② advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
她劝我穿上最好的衣服。
The doctor advised me to take more exercise.
医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。
③ advise doing sth.建议做某事。例如：
I if you want to travel in August.要是想在8月份去旅游，我建议及早购票。
④advise that sb. (should )do sth. 建议某人做某事。例如：
We advised that steps (should) be taken at once . 我们建议立即采取措施。
They advise that a passport be carried with you at all time.
他们建议护照要随时带在身边。
⑤ advise sb. on sth.就……给某人提建议。例如：
I have advised you on that matter.
关于那件事我已经给过你建议。
[思维拓展] advice [U] 建议。例如：
a piece of advice 一条建议 ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议
give sb. advice on…给某人关于……的建议
give some advice on how to learn English 提如何学习英语的建议
[问题探究] advise后面可接动名词作宾语、不定式作宾补，用法类似的动词还有哪些？
提示：用法类似的动词还有：forbid, allow, permit等。例如：
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。
We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
我们只允许在指定的地点吸烟。
你知道哪些动词后that从句用（should ）+v.原形吗？
3. The school where I had studied only two years was three kilometers away.
我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。
[要点导航] be…away 有……远，可以指距离，也可以指时间。例如：
The beach is a mile away. 海滩在一英里外。
The station is a few minutes’ walk away。
这儿到车站要走几分钟的路。
[思维拓展] be…away 不在；离开。例如：
She was away from work for a week. 她有一个星期没来上班。
There were ten children away yesterday. 昨天有十个孩子缺席。
[问题探究] 改正下面句子中的错误：He has left the office for half an hour.
提示：leave为瞬间动词，后面不能接表示时段的for短语。可改为：
① He has been away from the office for half an hour.
② It’s half an hour since he left the office.
③ He left the office half an hour ago.
4. I had to leave, because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.
我不得不辍学， 因为我的家庭无法继续支付。
[要点导航] continue vt.& vi.持续，继续（用于不中断的继续或中断后的继续）。用法如下：
① continue + (adv.) 持续；（朝相同方向）延伸。例如：
The discussion continued after a break.
在短暂的休息后讨论继续进行。
The road continues to the sea.这条路伸展到海边。
② continued + noun 继续、持续……。例如：
I’ll continue my study for another year.我将在继续学习一年。
“Then I flew to Paris,” she continued.
她接着说，“然后我飞往巴黎。”
③ continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事。例如：
She wanted to continue working after she was married.
她想结婚后继续工作。
The rain continue to fall all afternoon.
这场雨整整一个下午下个不停。
④ continue + adj./prep-phrase。继续……，仍旧……。例如：
According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.
据天气预报，到本周末天气仍然很好。
My father continues in good health.我父亲依旧身体健。
[归纳拓展]
1. If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined
如果这雨一直下去，花园就完了。（keep up 继续）
2. The hot weather lasted until the end of September.
炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。（last 继续、持续vi.）
3. The wet weather extended into September.
潮湿阴雨的天气延续到九月份。（extend 延长、继续）
5. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.
几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到了一份工作。
该句中after为介词，“after + 动名词短语”相当于一个after引导的时间状语从句。
[要点导航] gold [U] 金子，黄金；adj.金的，金质的。例如：
Gold is still a valuable metal but is often found in the mountain streams.金子仍然是一种贵重金属,但是常常能在山里的溪流中找到。
All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。
She wore a gold ring.她戴了一枚金戒指。
[思维拓展] gold mine意为“金矿”，是一个“名词 + 名词”组成的合成名词。这类合成词中的第一个名词，多表示第二个名词所表示的东西的地点、时间、目的等。试辨别：
city life（地点） Christmas gift（时间）
gun powder（目的） gold ring（材料）
fairy tale（内容） birthday party（原因）
[问题探究] gold和golden有什么区别？
提示：gold作名词指“黄金，金币”，作形容词指“金制的，金色的”； golden只能作形容词，意为“金色的，金黄色的，美好的”等。两个词均有“金色的”之意，但golden为常用词，多用于象征或比喻意义，容易发生词义混淆时也要使用golden。例如：
a gold watch金表；a golden watch金色的表
a golden opportunity良机；golden memories美好的记忆
6. Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried about whether I would be out of work.
非常遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。
（1）worry
[要点导航] worry vt.& vi.担心；使（某人）担心，使烦恼（常用过去分词当形容词用）。常用结构如下：
① worry sb.使某人担心。例如：
What’s worrying you 你在担心什么？
________________________他担心自己的将来。
② be worried about/that 对……担心的（表示状态）。例如：
Doctors are worried about the possible spread of the disease.
医生担心这疾病可能会蔓延。
I was woreried that we wouldn’t have enough money.
我担心我们的钱不够。
③ worry about/worry that 担心……（表示动作）。例如：
He is always________________________----
他总是为自己的体重发愁。
He worried that he would fail the exam.他担心会考不及格。
[问题探究] 作为形容词，worried和worrying有何区别？
提示：worried意为“担心的，焦虑的”，表状态，常指人；worrying意为“令人担心的，烦人的”，表性质，常指事物。例如：
She is so worried about her exams.她很担心自己的考试。
It’s a worrying problem.这是一个烦人的问题。
It’s been a worrying few weeks for us all.
这几个星期大家都忧心忡忡。
(2) out of work
［要点导航］
out of work 失业= out of a job
He has been out of work for two years . 他失业两年了。
［思维拓展］
观察例句，体会out of 的含义
1) look out of the window 往窗外看
2) He lives a few miles out of the city. 他住在离市区数英里之外的地方。
He is out of sight/hearing. 他在看不到／听不到的地方。
3) choose one of the ten 从这十个中选一个
4) He made the basket out of bamboo. 她用竹子做的篮子。
5) He is out of patience. 他不能忍受。
He has been out of work for two years. 他失业两年了。
6) I did it for her out of kindness. 我由于好心为她做那些事。
7) Your coat is out of fashion. 你的外套过时了。
8) This is a scene out of that movie. 这是那部电影的一幕 。
9) I talk her out of going out alone. 我劝她不要一个人外出。
10) He cheated her out of her money. 他骗取她的金钱。
7. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，剥夺我们的进步， 一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1) see
[要点导航] see v.遭遇；目睹；经历（不用进行式）。例如：
____________________________________---许多变革发生于19世纪。
Next year sees the centenary of Verdi’s death.
明年是威尔第逝世100周年。
This old building has seen better days.
这栋老房子有过辉煌的日子。
[思维拓展] 表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等名词作为主语，而用see, find, bring, give, escape, kill, seize, know, tell, take等动词作谓语，可使语言显得形象、生动。例如：
Most of the money find its way to the people who need it.
多数的钱都会辗转到需要的人手中。
The defeat last night killed the team’s chances of qualifying.
昨晚的失败使这个队失去了获得资格的机会。
(2) stage
[要点导航] stage [C] 舞台；阶段；时期。例如：
They marched off stage to the sound of trumpets.
在号角声中，他们阔步退下舞台。
The children are ____________of development.
这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。
This technology is still ____________
这项技术还处于其早期开发阶段。
[思维拓展] 注意stage构成的短语：
bring/put…on the stage 上演……
on the stage 在舞台上；当演员
set the stage for 布置……的舞台；为……做准备
take to the stage 当演
8. Black people had no vote and would not choose who ruled them.
当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择管理他们的人。
[要点导航] vote [C] 投票；选票；票决。例如：
an open/a secret vote 记名/无记名投票
I gave my vote to Mr. Wang.我投王先生的票。
He won the election because he got most votes..
他选举获胜了，因为他得了大多数的选票。
[思维拓展] vote vt.& vi.投票；选举。常用句式如下：
① vote (on + noun) 就……投票、表决。例如：
In those days women couldn’t vote.当年妇女无权投票。
- ____________________________________现在对这个问题来投票表决。
② vote for/against 投票赞成/反对。例如：
I voted for the Labor candidate. in the last election.
在上次选举中我们投了工党的票。
Most of the Republican Party ________________________.
大多数的共和党议员对那项议案投了反对票。
③ vote to do/that… 投票去做……，投票决定……。例如：
Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.
国会表决通过对国外援助增加10%。
The committee ________________________
委员会投票决定比赛应延期。
9. we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受底人一等的现实， 要么跟政府作斗争。
该句中，in which 引导的定语从句修饰position，相当于where。定语从句中，either…or连接两个不定式短语。have to被either所分隔。
(1) position
[要点导航] position [C]位置；职位；形势。例如：
From the position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbor.
他在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。
She held the position of sales manager.
她担任销售经理的职务。
What would you do in my position
你要是碰到我这样的情况会怎样办？
You are putting me ________________________
你是在让我陷入一种相当困难的处境。
[思维拓展] 识记position构成的常用短语：
in position 在适当的地位
out of position 不得其所；在错误的位置
take up your position 站好你的位置；就位
hold a position 担任一个职位
the position has been filled 这一职位已经有人了
in a good position 境况良好
in one’s position 处于某人的处境下
put somebody in a … position 使某人陷于……处境
(2) accept
[要点导航] accept vt.接受，认可；vi.同意，承认。例如
________________________请接受我的歉意。
There is nothing we can do about it so ________________________.
对此我们没有办法，只好认可。
We’ve invited her here to give a talk, and she has accepted.
我们邀请她到这里作演讲，她同意了。
[问题探究] accept和receive 用法上有何区别？
提示：accept接受，指的是主观上接受了；receive 收到，指客观上收到，不一定接受。例如：
I've received a gift from him, but I'm not going to accept it.
我收到了他送的礼物，但是我不准备接受。
⑶ less important
[要点导航] less和least可加在各类音节的形容词或副词词前面表示“较不……”或“最不……”，可称为较低级或最低级。例如：
This house is less beautiful.（不如……美） than yours.
He is a less cunning man than his brother.
This house is the least beautiful.（最不美） of all.
She looks less and less beautiful.（越来越不美）.
[思维拓展] less表示“比较少的”，也可用在不可数名词前面构成比较级。例如：
He has ________________________than his brother.
He has less trouble（but fewer troubles） than last year.
I have less chance（but fewer chances） than he.
10. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
(1) only 倒装句
[要点导航] “Only + 状语（从句） + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词等”可构成倒装句。例如：
Only then did she realize the stress he was under.
直到那时她才意识到他所承受的压力。
Only when his father came back ____________
当他父亲回来的时候，他才上床睡觉。
[问题探究] only放在句首，句子一定倒装吗？
提示： only放在句首时，修饰状语才倒装，修饰主语则不倒装。例如：Only you understand me.只有你了解我。
[开动脑筋]
试试高考题：
1)（’04-重庆-34）I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
2 ) (‘03上海-38)Only when your identity has been checked,______.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
3 ) (’05 福建-32) Only after my friend came______.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
(2) violence
[要点导航] violence [U] 暴力，暴行。例如：
He condemned the protesters’ use of violence against the police.
他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。
Is there too much sex and violence on TV
电视上有太多的暴力和色情吗？
[思维拓展] violent adj.暴力的，强暴的。例如：
Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.
学生和警察发生了暴力冲突。
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.
不应允许儿童看暴力电影。
11. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government building.
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。
⑴ as a matter of fact
[要点导航] as a matter of fact实际情况，真相。例如：
I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.
实际情况是我明天就要去那儿。
She doesn’t do badly. As a matter of fact, she is quite well off.
她过的并不坏，事实恰恰相反，她相当富裕。
[思维拓展] 表示“事实上”含义的结构还有：
① in fact/in actual fact 实际上；事实。例如：
He doesn’t mind. ________________________--.
他并不介意，事实上他很高兴。
② The fact is/The fact of the matter is 事实上。例如：
The fact is, I don’t want any money from him.
老实说，我并不想要他的钱。
③ It’s a fact that… 事实是……。例如：
It’s fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking. 事实是，大部分因肺癌而导致的死亡是由吸烟引起的。
⑵ blow up
[要点导航] blow up vi.爆炸；突然严峻；大发雷霆。例如：
A police officer was killed ____________-
一名警官在其汽车爆炸时遇难。
A crisis has blown up over the peace talks.和谈出现了危机。
Jenny’s father blew up when she didn’t come home last night.
珍妮昨晚没回家，她的父亲大为光火。
[思维拓展] blow up vt.炸毁；给……充气；放大（照片）。例如：
The police station was blown up by terrorists.
警察局被恐怖分子炸毁了。
Stop at the gas station and we’ll blow up the tyres.
在加油站停一下，我们要给轮胎打气。
How much would it cost to have this photo blown up
把这张照片放大要多少钱？
12. But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[要点导航] equal adj.相同的；平等的。例如：
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
这个班男女生人数相等。
The company has an ____________________________________
这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。
[思维拓展] equal to sth. 相等的；能胜任的。例如：
A pound is ____________500 grams.一磅约等于500克。
I hope that he ________________________-------.
我希望他能应付这一挑战。
Using Language
1. You cannot imagine how the sound of the name of Robben Island made us afraid.
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。
[要点导航] imagine vt. 想象，设想。例如：
Close your eyes and ________________________-.
闭上眼睛，想象一个热带岛屿。
I can just ________________________我确实能想到他那么说。
I can just imagine ________________________- 我能想象得出这个地方几年后会是什么样子。
Imagine________________________________________________-想象你遭遇到了船舶失事。
I imagine him ____________我想象他是个高大的人。
[思维拓展] imagine vt.认为，推想（不可用进行式）。例如：
He imagines that people don't believe him.
他总是认为人们不信任他。
[问题探究] 请归纳imagine的用法。
提示：imagine sth.想象……，在心里描绘……
imagine doing/sb. doing 想象（某人）做……
imagine that/wh-clause 想象……
imagine sb./sth. as 想象……为……
imagine that-clause 认为……
2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
[要点导航] should (ought to)have done sth.表示“本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做”。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”，ought to 在语气上比should 要强。例如：
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.
他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
[思维拓展] “情态动词 + have + 过去分词”的用法还有：
① should/ would like连用表示未实现的愿望。
He would like to have seen it.他本想看看它。（但没能看到）
② 与could连用，表示过去没有利用的能力或过去的可能性。
I could have made a lot of money.
我本来能够赚到许多钱。（但我没能赚到。）
③ 与may/might连用，表示推想发生在过去的动作。
He may\might have left=It is possible that he（has） left.
他可能已经走了。
You might\could have been killed！（那时）你可能会送了命的！
④ 与can’t/couldn’t连用表示否定的推论。
He can’t/couldn’have moved the piano himself.
这台钢琴不可能是他自己搬的。
3. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.
他说他们不应该被剥夺学习的权利。
[要点导航] stop sb from doing 阻止某人做某事(=prevent/keep sb from doing)。例如：
The church bells stop me from sleeping.教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。
The stone walls stop the farmers cows from joining the neighbors.
石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。
[思维拓展] keep doing 继续或保持做某事(强调动作的持续性)。例如：
News of successes keep pouring in.. 捷报频传。
keep on doing 继续或反复做某事(强调动作的反复性)。例如：
We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you.
我们将继续努力，有结果将通知你。
keep sb doing 使某人一直做某事(表示被迫进行的动作)。例如：
I'll try not to keep you waiting.. 我尽量不让你久等。
4. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.
因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。
[要点导航] better educated 是well educated的比较级。
educated adj.受过教育的，有教养的。例如：
an educated person 受过教育的人
a British-educated lawyer 受英国教育的律师
She is a well-educated lady.她是位有良好教养的女士。
He spoke in an educated voice.他说话很斯文。
[思维拓展] educate vt.教育；送……上学；训练。用法如下：
① educate sb.教育某人。例如：
An educator must first ____________--.教育者必须自己先受教育。
The writer was educated at a very good school.
这位作家在一所很好的学校里受过教育。
② educate sb. to do 教育某人做……。例如：
Parents should________________________-
父母应当教育子女守规矩。
The child________________________
那小孩被训练得能够考虑周密。
[问题探究] well-known的比较级和最高级是什么？
提示：better-known; best-known
5. I did not work for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1993.
在曼德拉和非国大于1993年掌权以前，我有20年没有工作。
[要点导航] come into/to power 当权，上台。例如：
De Gaulle came to power in 1958.戴高乐是1958年上台的。
The party came into power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
[思维拓展] come into 构成的短语还有：
come into contact 联系；came into being 形成，诞生
come into effect 实施；come into existence 形成.
come into force 实施；come into sight 看见
6. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
我第一次向一群人谈话时，我感到非常糟糕。
[要点导航] the first time 在句中引导时间状语从句。例如：
The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.
我第一次爬上墙时，感到非常紧张。
[思维拓展] 表时间的短语可以引导时间状语从句，如：the instant, the minute, the day, the year, each (every) time ,next time, the first (second last ) time, by the time等。例如：
Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
每次感冒我的背就疼。
The minute he saw her, he fell in love.他对她一见倾心。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead.
他回家的那一天，他的父亲已经死了。
He was much better the last time I saw her.我上次见他时好多了
By the time he was taken to the hospital he was neatly dead.
他被送到医院时已经不行了。
7. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.
我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。
(1) terror
[要点导航] terror [U] 惊恐；恐惧。[C] 可怕的人；恐怖的事。例如：
Her eyes were wild with terror.她的眼睛充满了恐惧。
She lives in terror of losing her job.
她一直胆战心惊地害怕丢失了工作。
These street gangs have become the terror of the neighborhood.
这些街头少年团伙使得周围邻里谈之色变。
[思维拓展] 识记下列terror的派生词汇：
terrorism 恐怖主义 terrorist 恐怖分子；恐怖主义者
terrorize 恐吓；威胁 terrify 使恐惧；使惊吓
terrified 恐惧；很害怕 terrible 非常讨厌的；令人极不快的
(2) fear
[要点导航] fear [C][U] 害怕，恐惧；担心；顾虑。例如：
He was shaking with fear.他害怕得直发抖。
There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。
The teacher refused to have his daughter in his class, for fear of showing favor to her.
教师不愿意把自己的女儿编入自己的班级，恐怕会对她有所偏袒。
[思维拓展] fear vt.& vi. 惧怕，害怕；担忧。用法如下：
① fear that-clause 担心……。例如：
Einstein feared ____________________________________________________________-------- 爱因斯坦担心其他德国科学家会率先造出原子弹。
I fear ________________________-我怕他们已经动身了。
② fear to do 害怕做……。例如：
Women ________________________.妇女害怕晚上外出。
③ fear for 为……担忧。例如：
Mary ________________________-玛丽为儿子的安全担忧。
④ I fear so/not 恐怕是的/恐怕不是。例如：
“He must be dead then.” “I fear so/I fear not.”
“那么他肯定死了。” “恐怕是这样/恐怕不是
8. I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards…
我记起了狱卒的鞭打和暴行……
[要点导航] cruelty [U] 残酷；残暴。例如：
The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.
他说的那些残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。
[思维拓展] cruel adj.残忍的；冷酷的。例如：
He is cruel to animals.他对动物很残酷。
Her eyes were cruel and hard。 她目光犀利。
9. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.
他们说，从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
[要点导航] reward n. & vt.酬谢；；报答；酬金：为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱，例如丢失物品的归还或犯罪分子的捕获。例如：
a reward of $900 for catching the criminal
因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金
It's a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。
How can I reward your kindness 我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
她因自己的努力而得到一笔奖金。
[思维拓展] rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的。例如：
a rewarding experience/job 有益的经历/工作
Teaching is not very financially rewarding..教书不会有很高的报酬。
[问题探究] reward和award用法有何区别？
提示：reward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语，后面加介词with，for，常用于借喻中。award 表示“给与，授予”（奖章，奖金等），后面可以跟两个宾语。例如：
She’s been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford.
她获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。
They rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.
他们给了那个男孩5美元，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
课前预习
单词拼写
1. We had a ________（平静的）afternoon without the children.
2. The drug was tested over a five-week ____.（时期）
3. He was permitted to ______（继续） with his work while in prison.
4. You're putting me in rather a difficult ____(形势).
5. The hills were covered with a thick ____（毛毯） of snow.
6. In general, children of ____(受到教育过的) parents tend to get better grades.
7. When marchers gathered on a third day of protest, ____（暴力）erupted and buildings were burned.
8. The school has a system of ____（奖金） and punishments to encourage good
behavior
9. I was sure he was involved in some kind of ____(罪犯) activity .
10. People fled in ____(恐怖) as fire tore through the building.
重点短语
1.丧失勇气或信心 ______ 2.处于不幸中，在监禁中 _________
3.担心 _ 4.失业 _____
5.青年团 ________ 6.事实上___________
7.爆炸 __ 8.把…投入监狱 _____________
9.当权，上台 10.设立，建立___________________
11．被判处______________ 12.乐于做某事______________
13．积极参与______________ 14.反对，同…斗争______________
15．充当，担任______________ 16.信任，信仰______________
17放弃______________ 18.用和平方式______________
19．以暴力对抗暴力______________ 20.在某点上，就某种意义上来说__________
小组探究
课文理解
Read the passage silently and quickly tell whether they are true or false.
(1)Elias met Nelson Mandela at school. ( )
(2)Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer. ( )
(3)Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy. ( )
(4)Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job。（ ）
(5)Elias was happy blowing up the government buildings. ( )
(6)Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people in South Africa. ( )
(7)Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.( )
(8)The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC ( )
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1.Elias was unhappy in the prison because______
A. he was kept with the criminals B. the prison guards studied with him
C. he had to study D. he could not study for a degree
2.Nelson Mandela showed how good a leader he was because________
A. he fought the guards in prison
B. he refused to let the guards study in his school
C. he let the guards study in his school but not take the exams.
D. he let the guards study even though the prisoners could not take the exams
3.Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because ______ .
A. he had to study
B. he could study with the guards.
C. he wanted to study
D. he could study and get a degree
4. As leader of South Africa, Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by_____
A. giving them an education
B. giving them money
C. putting the guards in prison
D. giving them a job.当堂达标
单项填空
1. The worker was very sorry for the trouble he had put his manager ____ the problem.
A. to solve B. solving
C. of solving D. to of solving
2. I ____ a heavy blow on the head from a falling stone yesterday.
A. accepted B. met C. gave D. received
3. The station is not ____ from our school. It is only one mile ____.
A. far away; far B. far; far away
C. away; far away D. far away; away
4. A large ____ books must be printed.
A. quantity of B. quality of
C. quantity D. number
5. The Browns sent lots of invitations for their party. But because of the improper time, few people ____ it.
A. attended B. accepted C. received D. enjoyed
6. We trust you; only you can ___ him to give up smoking.
A. suggest B. attract C. advise D. persuade
7. This stadium has ____ many thrilling football games.
A. seen B. watched C. looked at D. experienced
8. It was in the street ___ he lived ____ I met Mr. Green.
A. where; that B. where; which
C. /; where D. that; which
9. Is the hotel ____ offered you a job ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here
A. which; where B. the one; in which
C. where; that D. the one that; which
10. The fog was so heavy in the street that everyone had to __ their way home.
A. feel B. fight C. made D. push
11. A group of American soldiers were walking along the road in Iraq when a bomb was ____, three of whom were killed.
A. set about B. set out
C. set up D. set off
12. A new school was ____ up in the village last year.
A. held B. set C. sent D. brought
13. She was in a poor ___ of health, which worries her mother much.
A. position B. situation C. state D. condition
14. They promised to help us, ________ we were grateful.
A. for which B. for it C. for that D. that
15. -- It is too dark, and there is no resident nearby.
-- Never _____!
A. fear B. frightened C. afraid D. terrified
将每小题中的句子，合并为含有定语从句的复合句
1. They came to a house. In front of the house sat a boy.
__________________________________________________________________
2. She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her.
__________________________________________________________________
3. I enjoy peaceful days. I have time to think and work on my own then.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Can you think of a situation You can use this expression in it.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Now I begin to realize the reason. They had to carry on their research for this reason.
__________________________________________________________________
6. I enjoy visiting places. The hotels are cheap there and I can go walking.
__________________________________________________________________
用适当的关系代词填空
7. He has four children, three of _______ are college students.
8. We visited the town in ________ my mother was born.
9. He went to work in the village ______ he was born in.
10. Please tell me the time ______ we shall meet again.
11. Did he tell you the reason ______ he was late
12. 1982 was the year ______it rained much.
参考答案
课文理解
１Ｆ２Ｔ３Ｆ４Ｔ５Ｆ６Ｆ７Ｆ８Ｆ９Ｆ
ＤＤＢＡ
全员探究
Warming up；1to have teachers of quality/a large quantity of
2are willing to work nights。
I was perfectly （quite）willing to help。
They are willing volunteers。
3both politically active/he is still active。
4 （1）lose heart
Pre-reading
1（1）fight the invading army（2）fight for their liberty/better working conditions
（3）fight against the war。
3．Build a peaceful society。
Reading
2（1）I would strongly advise against going out on your own。
（2）She advised me to wear my best clothes。
（3）would advise buying your ticket well in advance
6（1）He worried himself about his future。
（2）worrying about his weight
7（1）The 19tthcentury saw many changes
（2）at different stages/in its early stages
8（1）Now we will vote on this question
(2)voted against the measure.
(3)voted that the game should be put off.
9(1)in rather a difficult position
(2)Please accept my apologies.
We’ll have to accept it.
(3)less money and less confidence
10 did he go to bed
11(1)In fact he is pleased.
(2)When his car blew up.
12 equal opportunities policy
roughly equal to
proves equal to the challenge
Using language
1.imagine a tropical island/imagine him saying that
What the place is going to/be like in a few years’time
That you have been shipwrecked/as a big tall man
4(1)educated himself(2)educate their children to behave well
(3)was educated to think clearly
7(1)that other German scientists/would build a nuclear bomb first
that they must have set off
(2)feared to go out at night(3)feared for her son’s safety
当堂达标
1—5DDDAA 6—10DAAAA 11—15DBCAA
1. They came to a house in front of which sat a small boy.
2. She is a person with whom everyone likes to make friends.
3. I enjoy peaceful days when I have time to think and work on my own.
4. Can you think of a situation in which/where you can use this expression
5. Now I begin to realize the reason why they had to carry on their research.
6. I enjoy visiting places where the hotels are cheap and I can go walking.
7. whom
解析： 介词of后面应用宾格whom引导定语从句。
8. which
解析：定语从句中缺指代地点的地点状语，in which等于where。
9. that/which
解析：如果介词不提前，that和which都可以做in的宾语。
10. when
解析：定语从句中缺少时间状语，故答案为when。
11. why
解析：reason作先行词，定语从句一般用why引导。
12. when
解析：定语从句的引导词作时间状语，应用when。语法探究
The Attributive Clause
一、关系副词
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或why等。when, where, why均在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于“介词 + which”结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when = on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.
他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when = at which)
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？ (where = at which)
3. why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
4. that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why及“介词 + which”，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
注意，无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。
This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday. (×)
This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. (√)
这就是我昨天借的书。
that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borrowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it。
The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English. (×)
The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English. (√)
英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。
where在定语从句中取代了先行词the space，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there
二、 “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是一种既非常常见又比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1.“介词 + 关系代词”中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以)，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。例如：
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.
(= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.)
他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.
(=The school (which / that) he once worked in is a key school.)
他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
2. “介词 + 关系代词”的常见结构：
① 介词 + which/whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
② 名词 + of + which/whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.
请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。
③数词 + of + which/whom
She's got three luck pens, two of which she never uses.
她有三支幸运笔，其中两支从未用过。
In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.
我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师。
④ 代词 + of + which/whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.
我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
⑤ 最高级 + of + which/whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
⑥ 介词 + which + 名词
He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.
他通常十点钟回家，这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
含有介词的短语动词(如：look for, look after, take care of)一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
This is the very book for which I am looking. (×)
This is the very book (that) I am looking for. (√)
这正是我在找的书。
3. 关系代词前介词的选择
① 根据动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.
他们引以为豪的东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。(feel proud of是词组)
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help是固定搭配词组)
② 根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)
③ 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Galileo made a telescope through which he could study the sky.
伽里略制作了一个望远镜，通过它他得以研究天空。
(study the sky through the telescope)
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(live in the house)
④ 根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。
三、 关系副词和关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。学生习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。(when作状语)
I will never forget the days which we spent together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。(which作spent的宾语)
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。(where作状语)
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名地地方。(which作主语)
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
［典例解析］
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ___ we visited three months ago
A. where B. when C. that D. what
[解析]定语从句不用what，排除D;不缺时间状语排除B; visited vt. 缺宾语，故选C
2. If a shop has chairs __ women can park their men, women will spend more time in shop.
A .that B. which C. when D. where
[解析]本句不缺主语、宾语，故排除A.B 。where=on the chairs= on which ，在定语从句中作地点状语，故选D。
3． I have many friends, ___some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. whom of D. of whom
[答案]D.
下面几个句子都是正确的：
I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
I have many friends of whom some are businessmen.
I have many friends. Some of them are businessmen.
I have many friends; some of them are businessmen.
I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.
对比：A few people were killed in the big fire, but __were saved.
A. most B. most of them C. most of whom D. the most
本题若只看结构，易误选B，但据语境“有几个人在大火中丧生了，但大多数得救了。”应选A。
