七年级英语预备单元----完整音标教学课件（70张PPT）

(共70张PPT)
IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet
音标
International Phonetic symbols（国际音标）
What are phonetic symbols
the system or pattern of speech sounds used in a particular language
语音最小单位是音素。语言的语音都是由四十八个不同的音素相互组合而成的。
音 标
英语共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用相当于汉语中的生母和韵母。
记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。
音标放在两条斜线（//），以免和字母混淆。
How many phonetic symbols are there
48 phonetic symbols
Vowel sounds
Consonants
Pure vowels
diphthongs
Voiceless C.
Voiced C.
[i:] [i]
[e] [ ]
[ :] [ ]
[ ] [α:]
[ :] [ ]
[u:] [u]
[ei] [ u]
[ai] [au]
[ i] [i ]
[ ] [u ]
[p] [t]
[k] [f]
[s] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[tr] [ ]
[h]
[b] [d]
[g] [v]
[z] [ ]
[ ] [d ]
[dr] [dz]
[r] [l]
[m] [n] [ ]
[w] [j]
国际音标
｛
元音
分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。
单元音
双元音
前元音
中元音
后元音
｛
/i:/, /I/, /e/, / /
/ :/, / /, / /
/u:/, / /, / :/, / /, /ɑ:/
/eI/, /aI/, / I/, /I /, /e /, / / ,/a /, / /,
辅音
爆破音
磨檫音
鼻 音
半元音
舌边音
/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /θ/, / /, / /, / /, /h/, /r/ ,
/m/, /n/, / /
/l/
/w/, /j/
/tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/, /t /, / /,
破擦音
元 音
单元音 /i:/
舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，适当拉长发音。与字母 E 发音相同。
注意: “:”是长音符号,长元音往往比它相应的短元音长两倍以上。
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
/i:/
例词：
he他 even甚至 sea大海
Tree树 feel感觉 deep 深的
Tea茶 seat座位 reason原因
Believe achieve receive接受
.
单元音 / / ---/i/
舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，比/i:/低，嘴型扁平。注意嘴巴比/i:/大，发音比/i:/短。
发音组合: i
/i/ ---/i/
例词：
big大的 ship轮船
hill山脉 chicks雏鸡
元音/ e /
嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。
发音组合: e ea a
/e/
例词：
pen钢笔 bed床 leg胳膊 well
Bread heaven marry any man
单元音/ /
舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形。是所有音标里面嘴巴咧的最宽的一个，同时嘴巴也要张大，上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指。
发音组合: a
/ /
例词：
am apple that hand
前元音发音规律
/i:/→/i/→ /e/→ / /
舌尖抵下齿
舌前部抬起的高度逐步降低
牙床张开的程度逐渐加大
单元音/ :/- / :/
舌中部稍抬起，舌尖微抵下齿，双唇扁平，发音较长。
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
/ :/--/ :/
例词：
girl bird work worm
term burn surf pearl learn
单元音 / /
双唇扁平，舌尖微抵下齿，口张开比/ :/略大
发音组合：a er or o
/ /
例词：
appear again alike teacher mother driver visitor doctor actor welcome
元音/ /
舌头后部的靠前部分稍微抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触及下齿。双唇向两旁平伸。
发音组合：u o
/ /
例词：
cup run jump Flood
元音/u:/
长元音，嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。
舌后部向上抬起，嘴巴要收的又小又圆，并且向外突出。
与汉语中的“呜”音很像。
发音组合：oo o ou u
/u:/
例词：
zoo food cool pool
tomb blue group
单元音/ /-/u/
短元音。嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些。
注意嘴巴的形状，嘴巴张开略向前突出，舌头后部略向上抬起，发短促音即可。
发音组合：oo u ou
/ /-/u/
例词：
foot-feed wood book
push pull full should
元音/ : /
舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩.双唇也收的更圆更小
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
/ :/
例词：
fork morning air port
talk ball call floor
bought thought
caught naughty
元音/ /-/ /
舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩。
/ /-/ /
例词：
cock shop job box
单元音/ɑ:/
长元音。口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身平放后缩，舌尖离开下齿，
下巴收低一点，轻松发音。与“啊”发音有点像。
/ɑ:/
例词：
car garden star guitar
你还记得前面出现过那些单元音吗
/i:/, /i/, /e/, / /
/ : /, / /, /ɑ:/ ，/ /
/u:/, /u/, / :/, / /,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
/ i:/ / i/ / e / / /
/ :/ / / /u:/ /u/
Λ
/ / /a:/ / :/ / /
单元音 vowels (12个)
双元音
/ei/, /ai/, / i/,
/i /, /e /, / /
/a /, / /,
双元音/eI/ --/ei/
由[e]和[i]两个单音组成,/e/重读，/ i/轻读，口形由半开到合，与字母 A发音相同。
发音组合：ei a ai ay
/eI/-/ei/
例词：
eight face cake
wait rain
day may
双元音 /aI/-/ai/
口形由开到合，牙齿由全开过度到全闭。
发音组合：y i uy
/aI/-- /ai/
例词：
my kite write bicycle
buy guy
双元音/ i/
前元音重读，后元音轻读，双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合，
牙齿从全开到逐渐闭合，注意连贯性。
发音组合：oy oi
/ I/
例词：
boy toy
Boil noise coin
双元音/i /
前元音重读，后元音轻读，双唇始终半开。
发音组合：eer ear ere
/I /
例词：
beer deer ear fear
near here
双元音/e /
前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开.
发音组合：air ear are ere
/e /
例词：
hair bare pear
Chair
there
双元音/ /
前重后轻，嘴唇由收圆到半开，口形由合到开，双唇由圆到扁平。
发音组合：oor ure our
/ /
例词：
tour poor
sure gourd
双元音/a /
/a/重读，/u/轻读，口形由大到小。
发音组合：ou ow
/a /
例词：
how now
house mouth trousers
双元音/ /
口形由半开到小，与字母 O的发音相同。
前面的音清楚而较长，后面的音圆唇，发音模糊而较短
发音字母 o ow oa
/ /
例词：
coat throw boat toe
那么你能说出所有的双元音吗
/eI/, /aI/, / I/,
/I /, /e /, / /
/a /, / /,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
/I / /e / /u /
/eI / /aI/ / u/ /au/ / I/
双元音 vowels (8个)
元音总结
英语语音专题（二）
辅音 Consonants (28个) 1.爆破音
[p] Practice makes perfect.
[b] Barry found a big bug on her bed.
[t] This is a hat, that’s a cap.
[d] The doorman told David to go down.
[k] Don’t kit the kitten.
[g] A good beginning makes a good ending.
[p] [b]
pay --- bay
pear – bear
pen --- Ben
pig --- big
[p] [b]
cap --- cab
lap --- lab
tap --- tab
rope --- robe
[t] [d]
town – down
tie – die
tear – dear
touch – Dutch
[t] [d]
bent – bend
right – ride
lent – lend
bet – bed
speak spit spy
study star start
sky school screen
[k] [g]
Kate – gate
card – guard
could – good
coat – goat
[k] [g]
pick – pig
flak – flag
back – bag
Lock – log
2.鼻音
[ m ] May I have some milk, mum
[ n ] Nora knows the new comer.
[ ] Lingling is listening to the song.
Compare n [ n ] ng /nk [ ]
in—ink sin-sing thin---thing
than—thank son---song
3.摩擦音
[ f ] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh.
[ v ] Victor is very clever.
[ ] Thank you for your table cloth.
[ ] Those are far and these are near.
[ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit.
[ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear
[ ] sure, she, social, nation
Wash the fish, please.
[ ] pleasure, television
George measured the garage with pleasure.
[ h ] have hot, who whole hate house
Helen holds her hands.
[ r ] read, write, wrong
Are you ready to read
4.破擦音
[ t ] He teaches children how to play chess.
[d ] John likes to tell jokes.
[ tr ] There’re lots of trucks in the street.
[ dr ] He likes strong drinks.
[ ts ] The students are wearing white shirts.
[ dz ] Take away your dirty hands.


5) 舌边音:
[l] land, world
如果在后面 读[ ] little, middle, castle，puzzle
What a beautiful bicycle!
6) 半元音:
[ w ] wall, what, answer
The homework every week is very hard.
[ j ] yes yellow year
Yes, your yellow skirt is wet.
light night right
lock knock rock
lot not rot
lead need read
lice nice rice
compare:
1. Red lorry卡车, yellow lorry, red
lorry, yellow lorry.
2. Let’s look for leaves in the
large lake with a long ladder梯.
Tongue twisters
英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音[m]，[n]，[l]是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节，也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。如：
apple [` pl] ， table [`teibl]，
middle [`midl], little [`litl]，
garden [`ga:dn]，lesson [`lesn],
physical [`fisikl] ， realism [`ri:lizm] 等等。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[ p] [ b ] [ t ] [d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ f ] [v] [s][z]
[ h] [w] [ j ]
[ ] [ ] [t ] [d ]




[ tr ][dr] [ts][dz]
[m] [n] [ ] [ l ] [ r ]
[ ] [ ]

θ
总结