中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
make sth./sb. into ... 将/使某物/某人制成/成为/变成……
be made into “把……做成某产品”，是把材料做成产品。 Many good books are made into films. 许多好书被制成了电影。
be made of “由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。 The coat is made of silk.这件外套是由丝绸做成的。
be made from “由……制成”，制成品经过变化，看不出原材料。 Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头做成的。
be made in “……生产于某地”。 Many washing machines are made in Hefei.许多洗衣机是合肥生产的。
be made up of “由……组/构成”，表示事物是由若干部分构成的。 Our class is made up of twenty -three boys and twenty- five girls.我们班是由23位男孩和25位女孩组成的。
【典例分析】
1. The scarf which is________ silk________ soft and comfortable.
A．made from; sounds B．made of; feels
C．made in; smells D．made up of; smells
2．Some goods made ________ Western countries are very expensive.
A．by B．in C．from D．of
3. Books are made ________ paper while paper is mainly made ________ wood.
A．of; of B．from; from C．of; from D．from; of
4.我爷爷做的这种果汁，是由多种水果做的。
The juice which __________ ___________ _________many kinds of fruits is ___________ _________ my grandpa.
5.这支医疗队由12名医生组成。
This medical team _________ _________ ________ ________ 12 doctors.
6. 这个飞机模型是用木头做的。
The model plane ________ ________ ________wood.
7. 这酒是由葡萄酿成的。
Wine ________ _________ ________grapes.
8 这些汽车是在上海制造的。
These cars ________ _________ ________Shanghai.
9 这些蛋糕是我姐姐昨晚制作的。
These cakes_______ _______ _______ my sister last nigh.
10. —What do you think of my new desk It ________ wood.
—It looks nice.
A. is made in B. is made from C. is made of D. is made by
要点2 hardly
hardly （高频考题）
hardly是副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,是一个具有否定意义的词。
My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿太虚弱,以至于几乎无法站立。
hardly 几乎不= almost not
He can hardly believe the result, can he （前否后肯）
辨析hard和 hardly的区别:
hard 作形容词,意为“困苦的;艰难的;坚硬的”; 作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地
hardly 作副词, 意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,它并不是hard的副词形式
The task is so hard that I can't finish it on my own. 这个任务太难了,以至于我不能独立完成。
Study hard, and you can pass the exam. 努力学习,你会通过考试的。
Look! It' s raining hard outside.看!外面雨下得正大。
The children were so excited they could hardly speak. 孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
3.It is ______ for him to get to school on time, because it is raining ______.
A .hard ; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly hardly
4．He studies _________ . She ________ plays outside after school .
A．hard ; hard B．hard ; hardly C．hardly ; hard D．hardly ; hardly
5．Alice always studies ________and no test is ________for her.
A．hard ... hardly B．hardly … hard C．hard … hard D．hardly …hardly
要点3 avoid
avoid v. 避免；防止
We should avoid making any noise in the background!
我们应该避免背景中出现任何杂音！
We should avoid the rush hour.
我们应该避开交通高峰期。
avoid的常见用法如下：
(1)avoid doing sth.避免做某事
(2)avoid sb./sth.躲避某人/某物
【拓展】 类似的后接动名词的常见搭配：
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 做完某事
practise doing sth. 练习做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事
【口诀】 巧记后接v. ing形式的动词口诀：
喜欢(enjoy)按照建议(suggest)一直(keep)练习(practise)，直到完成(finish)，避免(avoid)错过(miss)任何内容引起老师介意(mind)。
【典例分析】
1.你应当避免犯相同的错误。
You should _________ ________ the same mistakes.
2.—Have you known why Tom was absent yesterday
—No. He avoided ________ my question.
A .answer B.to answer C. answered D. answering
3.You must be more careful and ______ the same mistake you’ve ever made.
A .plan B. follow C .avoid D. enjoy
4.When we are reading in the library, we should making any noise.
A. enjoy B. practise C. prefer D. avoid
5. Bob, you should wear warm clothes to avoid _______ a cold.
A. to hold B. holding C. to catch D. catching
要点4 seem
seem常作系动词,意为“看来;似乎”,其常见结构如下:
1.seem+形容词/名词,意为“似乎……”。例如:
She seems quite happy today.今天她似乎很高兴。
She seems a clever girl.看来她是一个聪明的女孩。
2.seem+to do sth.,意为“好像要做某事”。例如:
Something seemed to be wrong with the train.火车好像出故障了。
3.It seems/seemed+ that从句,意为“看起来似乎……”。
4.seem like...意为“似乎是……;看起来像……”。例如:
It seems like an interesting film.它看起来像是一部有趣的电影。
【典例分析】
1.它看起来像是一部有趣的电影。
It __________ ___________an interesting film.
2.他似乎已经找到他的钱包了。
_________ ________ ________he has found his wallet.
3.she seems unhappy. (改为同义句)
=She ________ ________ ________ unhappy.
=_______ _______ ______she is unhappy
4.It __________ that Joan had no chance to be a teacher at that moment.
A. tasted B. looked C. seemed D. smelt
5.—There are dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.
—It ______ that a typhoon is coming.
A. feels B. sounds C. seems D. looks
要点5
find, find out, look for, discover 与 invent
“发现”各有不同
find out 查明; 弄清楚 强调经过一番努力或询问而查明某事或真相
invent 发明 强调创造出以前从未存在过的新事物
look for 寻找 强调寻找的过程
find 找到 强调寻找的结果和能力
discover & invent
discover 作为及物动词，意为“发现；找到”。通常用于发现他人尚未发现但是实际存在的东西。 Who discovered America 谁发现了美洲？Who discovered electricity 谁发现了电？
invent 作为及物动词，意为“发明”。通常指发明以往没有的东西。 Thomas Edison invented many things in his whole life.汤玛斯爱迪生一生中发明了很多东西。
【典例分析】
1、选词填空(look for/find/discover/find out/invent)。
① The policemen wanted to__________ who stole the gold.
② Tom__________ a box of gold on the island with his friends.
③ —Do you know who__________ the telephone —Bell.
④ My pet dog was lost. I__________ it everywhere and I__________ it in the garden.
2. Dear ！ Where is my watch I can’t ______ it anywhere .
A. look for B. find out C. find D. look
3.The window was broken．Try to ______ who has broken it．
A．find B．look C．find out D．look for
4.他到处寻找他的钢笔，但是还是没有找到。
He____________ his pen, but he didn’t ___________ it.
5.你能帮我查一下火车什么时候开吗？
Could you help me______________ when the train leaves
6. 你找到你的书了吗？
Do you _____________your book
7. We want to________ some information about the Olympics on the Internet.
A. invent B. search for C. look D. search at
8. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
9.We all look forward to the day when the scientists can ______ more secrets of the universe.
A. find B. find out C. discover D. look for
10.The man travels a lot and _______ a new island last week.
A. touched B. built C. discovered D. produced
要点6
be famous for 因……而出名
be famous for = be known for for 后面多接表示原因的词
辨析：be famous as 与 be famous for
be famous as +身份/职业， 意为“作为……而出名”
be famous for +原因，意为“因……而出名”
【典例分析】
1.山东潍坊现在因制作风筝而出名。
Weifang in Shandong Province _____________________ making kites now.
2. Bondi beach is famous ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays.
A. in ; for B. as ; for C. for ; to D. to ; as
3. Yao Ming is famous ________________ a player ________________ basketball fans.
A. for ; as B. as ; for C. as ; to D. as ; in
4.—China is well known for tea, right —Yes, both in the past and now.
A. is famous as B. is good for C. is good at D. is famous for
5. Suzhou is known _______ its beautiful gardens and I want to visit it this summer.
A. to B. by C. as D. for
要点7
everyday、every day的区别
everyday是形容词, 意思是“每天的；日常的”, 后面必须接被修饰的名词;
every day是副词, 意思是“每天”, 表示动作的时间。放在句首或句末，用来修饰整个句子。
daily & everyday & every day
daily 作为形容词，意为“每天的；天天的”。作为名词，意为“日报”。 The library is open daily.图书馆每天都开放。The young man reads China Daily every day.年青人每天都读<<中国日报>>。
everyday 作为形容词，意为“每天的；日常的”，只能够作定语。 Doing exercise is important in my everyday life.锻炼在我的日常生活中很重要。
every day 作为副词短语，意为“每天”，在句子作时间状语。 I do some reading every day.我每天都做阅读。
【典例分析】
1，他每天练习英语日常用语。
He practises _________ English _________.
2. 每天锻炼在我的日常生活中很重要。
Doing exercise __________is important in my __________ life.
3. There is a supermarket for people to buy ____ things in the small village.
A. lively B. daily C. silly D. weekly
要点8
happen是不及物动词，它的用法常见的有如下几种情况：
1. 表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。例如：
The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
2. 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happens to sb.”这一结构来表达。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
3. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
4. happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。例如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。
happen 与 take place 的区别：
1 take place 指按计划或安排发生的事，尤其指重大事件, happen 指意外事件。如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. （不用 happen ）
我的家乡在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。
②指发生未预料到的小事情时可用 take place ，但一般不用进行时。
take place 表示“举行、进行”（ = be held ）。如：
When will the soccer game take place
（按计划进行，不用 happen ） 足球比赛什么时候举行？
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
6. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
要点9
live，lively，living，alive的用法区别
live做形容词时，读作[laiv]，表示“现场的；活着的”，只用于物，可以做前置定语；
lively 表示“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；
living 表示“活着的”，可以作表语或前置定语,可修饰人, 也可修饰物；
alive 表示“活着的”，多用于人,与dead相对；可以做表语、后置定语或补足语。
live, living, alive与lively的区别
alive 意为“活的, 活着的”, 没有比较级和最高级, 可用作表语和后置定语, 指人或动物, 不能用来指植物
living 意为“活着的; 现存的”, 指人或物可用作表语和定语, 作定语时要放在所修饰的名词前
live 意为“有生命的; 活的; 现场播出的”, 可作定语, 指动物或植物, 不能用来指人
lively 意为“有生气的; 活泼的”, 可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语, 指人或物
【典例分析】
1. Among all the ______ things on the planet, adult giraffes have the longest necks.
A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
2. Jade _____ a lonely life, though he never feels that bad.
A. lively B. alive C. lives D. living
3.Mo yan is one of the greatest________ writers. He is still________.
A. living；alive B. living；live C. alive；living
4. Mr. Zhang always has a way to make his class and interesting.
A. lovely B. lively C. alive D. living
5.选词填空(lively, alive, live)。
1）.Please tell me, Mr. Smith, how do you keep your golden fish __________
2）.Although he was very old, he was a very __________ gentleman.
3）.Everyone is surprised to see Tom but they are also pleased to see him______.
4）.Mr. Zhang has been made the most popular teacher in our school this year.
—He always has a way to make his class ______and interesting.
6.Mr. Brown always makes his class and his students are in his class.
A. lovely; interesting B. lively; interesting C. lovely; interested D. lively; interested
要点10
allow作为及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，后接动名词做宾语，通常不接不定式，allow doing sth“允许做某事”常用结构如下：
(1)allow doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(3)allow sb. sth. 让某人拥有某物(尤指钱或时间)
(4)allow + that ... 承认……
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
4.Our teacher doesn’t allow us ________ our mobile phone to school.
A. bring B.to bring C. bringing D. brought
5.完成句子
1）事实不允许有其他的解释。
The facts_________ no other explanation.
2）这项规定不允许在教室吃东西。
The rule doesn't allow __________ in the classrooms.
3）我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
要点11 in trouble
in trouble
in trouble的用法
(be) in trouble意为“遇上麻烦；处于困境”，此时trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；困境”。
trouble也可作动词，意为“使焦急；使苦恼；麻烦”
【拓展】
辨析be in trouble 与get into trouble
be in trouble 表示状态，一般表示已经有麻烦; get into trouble是一个动作或过程，意为“惹上麻烦，陷入麻烦，闯祸”，多用于还没发生的情况。
【典例分析】
1. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.(翻译，说明每个trouble的意思)
2. Linda is kind. She always helps me when I'm ________.
A. in peace B. at home C. at work D. in trouble
3.It's so rude to laugh at people who are ______________. They need your help.
A. by air B. in order C. in silence D. in trouble
3.— How is your English study
—Not bad. But I_______ learning English grammar.
A. am interested in B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble
4. They had trouble __________(get) to the top of the mountain because of the rain.
5.没有人想惹麻烦。
Nobody likes to_________ __________ ______________．
6.We shouldn't laugh at people .They need help and we should give them a hand.
A.in trouble B.in public
C.in person D.in silence
要点12
as far as 的用法
意为“就……而言；尽……所能；只要”（有时可用so far as),引导状语从句，强调程度或范围，常与动词 know、see 等连用，可放在句首或句中。如：
As far as I know, that's possible.
就我所知，那是有可能的。
【拓展】as far as还意为“远到；和……一样远”。如：
The family went as far as Beijing to meet their friends from Russia,这家人远至北京
去接来自俄罗斯的朋友。
【典例分析】
1.________ I know, more than half of the silk ________ made in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
A．As long as; is B．As far as; is C．As much as; are D．As little as; are
要点13 no matter+ wh 句式
No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你可能买什么东西，你可能会认为那些产品是那些国家制造的。
no matter 意为“无论；不论”常与 what, who, when, where, which. how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。(注意：why一般不放在 no matter 后面)状语从句的位置可放在主句前或后。在这种让步状语从句中，我们一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：
Ella is going to be a dancer no matter what difficulties she faces.
不管会遇到什么困难，艾拉都打算成为一名舞蹈家。
拓展：
no matter when＝ whenever引导让步状语从句。如：
Whenever we met with difficulties，they always come to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
【拓展】类似whenever可以引导让步状语从句的词还有：
no matter how ＝ however无论怎样
no matter where ＝ wherever无论何地
no matter what ＝ whatever无论什么
no matter who＝ whoever无论谁
no matter which＝whichever无论哪一个
【典例分析】
1.My teacher always offers to help me ____________________(无论我什么时候处于困境)．
2.__________________(无论你做什么)，you must do it well.
3.________________________(无论天气怎样冷)，he always goes swimming.
4.__________________________(无论你借哪本书)，you must return it in a week.
5. No matter _______ happens, you know that I will be there for you.
A. what B. how C. which D. when
6．He refused to give up _______, _______ we explained that it was bad for his health．
A．to smoke；no matter how B．smoking；no matter what
C．smoking；no matter how D．to smoke：no matter what
要点14
try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力做某事”，指试图做某种很难的事，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。如：
He tried to work out the problem.
他努力地去解决这个问题。
try doing sth.表示“试着（用什么方法）去做某事”。如：
Let’s try doing the exercise in another way.
让我们试一试用另外一种方法做这道练习题。
比较：
构成的短语
try on试穿
try one’s best to do sth.
try out 试用，试验
【典例分析】
1.Chinese parents always try their best _____ a good education environment for their kids.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing
2. If you want to buy this dress, you'd better________ first to make sure it fits you.
A. pay for it B. take it off C. tidy it up D. try it on
3.He tries ______music well, so he practices ______music every day.
A. to learn; to sing B. learning; singing C. to learn; singing D. learning; to sing
4. ---- Oh, it’s bad. The radio doesn’t work. ---- Didn’t you the radio before you bought it
A. count down B. try out C. tidy up D. point out
5.我刚才买了一部新手机，我正在试用它。
I bought a new mobile phone just now. I am_________ ________ __________.
6.我可以试穿一下这件裙子吗？
May I _________ _________ _________ _________
7.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
8.去尝试一下，不要害羞。
Just ________ ________ __________ Don’t be shy.
要点15
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
3.It’s against the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
要点16
both...and... …和…(两者)都
both...and... 意为“……和……(两者)都”,用于连接两个并列的句子成分。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Kate and Tom are from Class Three, Grade One.凯特和汤姆都来自一年级三班。
Lucy can speak both Italian and Greek.露西既会讲意大利语又会讲希腊语。
【知识拓展】
not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 连接并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与 but also后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
either...or... 或者……或者…… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Not only you but also Li Lei is coming here.
不但你,而且李雷也要来这儿
★ Neither Lily nor I am a student.莉莉和我都不是学生
★ Tom can neither play the piano nor play chess.
汤姆既不会弹钢琴也不会下国际象棋。
★ You can either stay at home or go shopping on Sunday.星期天你可以待在家里或者去购物。
★ Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了,就是我错了
【典例分析】
1. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
2.—What have you learnt after three years' study in China, Maria
—I was taught ________ knowledge ________ good manners.
A．either; or B．both; and C．neither; nor D．not; but
3----Jim, how do your parents like country music
----_____ my dad _____ my mom likes it. They both like country music.
A．Either, or B．Neither, nor C．Not only, but also D．Both, and
完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
4.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
5．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
6. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
7. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
8,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
9, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
要点17
by hand
by hand意为“用手的，亲自的；手工”，是介词短语。例如：
Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.
这里种植水稻的农场主仍是手工种植和收割庄稼。
The letter was delivered by hand. 那封信是派专人送去的。
【拓展】
by the hand意为“牵手，拉手，握手”。例如：
He clasped his old friend by the hand. 他紧紧地握住老朋友的手.
辨析 by hand， in hand， at hand 与 on hand
by hand 相当于副词的用法， 意为“用手工做， 由专人递送”
in hand 相当于形容词或副词的用法， 意为“在手里/手边； 进行中； 掌握中”
at hand 相当于形容词或副词的用法， 意为“即将来到的； 在手边”， 常与close，near连用
on hand 意为“在手上， 在身上”
例： Her sweater is knitted by hand. 她的毛衣是手工编织的，
The police had the riot in hand. 警察控制了暴动。
I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我经常把词典放在手边，
Do you have any money on hand 你手头上有钱吗
【典例分析】
1.他牵着迪克森的手把他领进屋。
He took Dickson ______________ to lead him into the house.
2.这盘子是银制的，是手工打造的
The dish was made of silver, beaten out ______________.
3.Now things made by machine are cheaper than those made hand.
A.at B.in C.by D. with
要点18
be good for对有好处
be good for的反义词组为 be bad for（对……不利；对……有害）
★ Enough sleep is good for our health.充足的睡眠对我们的健康有益
★ Eating vegetables is good for you.吃蔬菜对你有好处。
【易混辨析】
be good for... 对……有好处 后接表示人或物的名词
be good to... 对……友善 后接表示人的名词
be good at... 擅长…… 后接名词、代词或动名词
be good with... 和……相处得好 后接表示人的名词
【典例分析】
1. This kind of food will be ______you, and if you keep on eating it, you will be healthier.
A. good to B. good at C. good for D. good with
2.用be good （to at for with）填空。
1）Exercising ____________our health.
2）Chinese_____________ foreigners.
3）Tony___________ skiing.
4）He___________ children.
要点19
for example
辨析：for example与such as
for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的一个例子 做插入语，用逗号与句子其他成分隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末
such as 常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子 置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间
【典例分析】
用for example, such as或like填空
1. He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2. The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3. Mary is __________ her father.
4,He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5.English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
6. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
要点20
according to根据;按照
according to中的to是介词,后面跟名词或代词。
★ According to the writer, more and more kids are becoming fat in China.
根据作者所写,在中国越来越多的孩子正在变胖。
★ According to the new traffic laws, we shouldn't drive after drinking wine.
根据新交通法规,我们不应该酒后驾驶。
【注意】according to后面不接view, opinion等表示“看法”的词。
according as，意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。
【注意】对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。
【典例分析】
1.根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。
You will be praised or blamed _________ ___________your work is good or bad.
2.根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。
He is an honest businessman, ________ ___________what everyone says.
3.它们是按发生的时间安排的。
They were arranged ________ ________when they happened.
4. 按照计划，我们下星期进行数学考试。
_______________ the plan, we will have a maths exam next week.
5. _________ Ben, they are not getting on very well at the moment .
A. Depending on B. According to
C. According at D. According with
要点21
rise上升;升起
rise作不及物动词，表示“上升；升起”，过去式和过去分词分别为rose和risen。rise的反义词set意为“落下”。
★ Smoke rose from the factory chimneys.烟从工厂的烟囱里升起。
raise 的用法
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】raise与rise 区别
raise是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语；而rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。
(1) raise 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如：
Heavy rain raised the river stage.
暴雨使河水水位升高。
(2) rise（rose, risen）说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等，无被动语态。 如：
The moon has risen above the hills.
月亮已经从山上升起。
The river has risen by several meters.
河水上涨了好几米。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
【重点词组】
l. be made of/from由………制成
2. be made in在…制造
3. be famous for＝ be known for以…闻名;为人知晓
4. in many different areas在许多不同的地区
5. for example例如
6. avoid doing sth，避免做某事
7. as far as I know据我所知
8. on the sides of mountains在山周边
9 by hand手工
10. all over the world全世界
11. be good for有益于......
12. both... and... ......和……都
13. send for派人去取;订购
14. search for搜索
15. no matter不论;无论
16. in fact事实上
17. everyday things日常用品
18. in the future在将来
19.a 17- year-old student一名17岁的学生
20 be good at擅长
21. go on a vacation去度假
22. turn into变成
23. according to根据
24. send out发出
25. ask for help请求帮助
26. in trouble处于麻烦中
27. be covered with...被……覆盖
28. a symbol of happiness幸福的象征
29. put sth. on...在…...上贴上某物
30. be seen as被看作
【重点句式】
1. What are the shirts made of 衬衫是由什么制成的
2.It was made in Thailand.它是在泰国制造的。
3. China is famous for tea.中国以茶而闻名。
4. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
据我所知，茶树种植在山坡上。
5. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
当茶树叶长成了，茶叶就被手工摘下，然后被送去加工处理。
7. People say that tea is good for both health and business !
人们说茶既有益于健康也有益于商业!
8. He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.
他发现一件有趣的事:当地商店中的许多的商品是中国制造的.
9. Most of the earth's surface is covered by water.
地球表面大部分被水覆盖。
10. The international kite festival is held in April every year.
国际风等节每年四月举行。
11. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble.
当陷入困境时，他把它们发送出去请求帮助。
12. According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.
依据中国历史，孔明灯最初是被诸葛孔明使用的。
13 It takes several weeks to complete everything。
完成一切需要好几个星期的时间。
14. They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.
它们被看作是幸福和美好祝愿的光明象征。
15. Paper cutting has been around for over 1, 500 years.
剪纸已经存在了1500多年了。
一般现在时的被动语态
定义： 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，或者主语是动作的对象。
结构：be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词
句式：
肯定句： 主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他.
否定句： 主语+助动词be (am/is/are)+not+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他.
一般疑问句： 助动词Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他？
答语： Yes,主语+助动词be (am/is/are)，或No，主语+助动词be (am/is/are) +not.
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+助动词be(am/is/are)+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by短语）+其他？
主动语态变被动语态
将原主动句中的宾语转换成被动语态中的主语；
把原动词改成“be+过去分词”的形式；
方法 将原主动语态中的主语以宾格形式置于by后，有时可以省略；
状语、定语等其他成分不变。
例句 Farmers grow rice in spring.→Rice is grown by farmers in spring.
拓展 主动句中的谓语动词是have,own,belong to等表示状态的动词时，不能用于被动语态。
【典例分析】
一、根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The children ________(see) to play in the park every day.
2. Children's clothes____________ (not sell) by them in their shop.
3.Stephen Hawking___________(consider) to be ‘the greatest scientist in history along with Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein.
4.A lot of trees_________ (plant) on the mountain every year.
5. A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and_________ (celebrate) with a special party.
二、按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1. People usually plant trees in March every year.(改为被动语态)
Trees_______ usually __________by people in March every year.
2. I am allowed to play computer games by my father on weekends.(改为一般疑问句)
_________you_________ to play computer games by your father on weekends
3.Does Mary read this book every day (改为被动语态)
_________this book_________ by Mary every day
4.They don't water the flowers in the garden every day.(改为被动语态)
The flowers in the garden________ _______ ________every day.
5. That kind of car is produced in China. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________that kind of car produced
6. The Great Wall is visited by many travelers every year.(改为主动句)
_______ _______ _______the Great Wall every year.
7.Do people use knives to cut things (改为被动语态)
________ ________ ________by people to cut things
三、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。
These books ________ _________specially for children.
2.请你在下次会议上作个发言。
You_______ _______ to make a speech at next meeting.
3.他的孩子被他照顾得很好。
His children________ ________ good care of by him.
4.我的父母每年春天种植蔬菜。
Vegetables _______ ________by my parents every spring.
5.我们期盼着看到怎么制造这些汽车。
We're expecting to see how the cars_________ _________.
本单元主要谈论产品是由什么制成的以及其生产地,要求同学们能够运用一般现在时的主动语态及被动语态谈论并描述物品的相关信息(制作的原材料、生产地、用途等)。
【语料积累】
Ⅰ.高频短语
1.由……制成
2.在……制造
3.以……而著名
4.用手;手工
5.以……闻名;为人知晓
6.被……覆盖
Ⅱ.经典句型
7.它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。(be made of)
8.根据中国历史,孔明灯最先被诸葛孔明使用。(be used by)
9.无论你可能会买什么,你或许认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。(no matter)
10.如果你对中国茶文化感兴趣,你最好不要错过它。(had better)
Ⅲ.典句仿写
11.Zhang Yimou is one of the most famous directors around the world.
仿句: 中国泥塑艺术是最传统的艺术形式之一。
12.The kites are made of bamboo and a very special kind of paper.
仿句: 这些作品由一种非常特殊的黏土制成,然后风干。
13.The picture shows what the daily life was like in Beijing in the past.
仿句: 这些小小的泥塑作品展示了所有中国人对生活和美的热爱。
14.This kind of caps can be seen in many shops and they are becoming more and more popular among teenagers.
仿句: 在中国的不同地区都可以看到它们,并且它们在年轻人和老年人中越来越受欢迎。
【实战演练】
中国的泥塑艺术具有独特的东方特色。假如你是来自中国的交换生,现就读于美国一所学校。请你根据下面所给的提示,以“Chinese Clay Art”为题,写一篇介绍中国泥塑艺术的短文。词数:100左右。
特点 器件虽小,但看起来逼真。
颜色 色彩缤纷。
人物形象 可爱的小孩或中国历史故事中的生动角色。
制作流程 由特殊黏土制作成型,然后风干;在高温中煅烧,然后打磨绘画。
现状 在中国各地备受人们欢迎。
参考词汇:1.clay pieces 泥塑器件
2.air-dry风干
3.at a high heat在高温中
4.polish 打磨
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思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
make sth./sb. into ... 将/使某物/某人制成/成为/变成……
be made into “把……做成某产品”，是把材料做成产品。 Many good books are made into films. 许多好书被制成了电影。
be made of “由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。 The coat is made of silk.这件外套是由丝绸做成的。
be made from “由……制成”，制成品经过变化，看不出原材料。 Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头做成的。
be made in “……生产于某地”。 Many washing machines are made in Hefei.许多洗衣机是合肥生产的。
be made up of “由……组/构成”，表示事物是由若干部分构成的。 Our class is made up of twenty -three boys and twenty- five girls.我们班是由23位男孩和25位女孩组成的。
【典例分析】
1. The scarf which is________ silk________ soft and comfortable.
A．made from; sounds B．made of; feels
C．made in; smells D．made up of; smells
【答案】句意：用丝绸做的丝巾手感柔软舒适。be made of “由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。
2．Some goods made ________ Western countries are very expensive.
A．by B．in C．from D．of
【答案】B be made in “……生产于某地”。
3. Books are made ________ paper while paper is mainly made ________ wood.
A．of; of B．from; from C．of; from D．from; of
【答案】C be made of “由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。be made from“由……制成”，制成品经过变化，看不出原材料。书是纸做的能看出原材料。故用be made of 纸是木头做的。看不出原材料，故用be made from。
4.我爷爷做的这种果汁，是由多种水果做的。
The juice which __________ ___________ _________many kinds of fruits is ___________ _________ my grandpa.
【答案】is made from(看不出原材料) made by
5.这支医疗队由12名医生组成。
This medical team _________ _________ ________ ________ 12 doctors.
【答案】is made up of 由……组/构成”，表示事物是由若干部分构成的。
6. 这个飞机模型是用木头做的。
The model plane ________ ________ ________wood.
【答案】is made of
7. 这酒是由葡萄酿成的。
Wine ________ _________ ________grapes.
【答案】is made from
8. 这些汽车是在上海制造的。
These cars ________ _________ ________Shanghai.
【答案】were made in
9. 这些蛋糕是我姐姐昨晚制作的。
These cakes_______ _______ _______ my sister last nigh.
【答案】were made by
10. —What do you think of my new desk It ________ wood.
—It looks nice.
A. is made in B. is made from C. is made of D. is made by
【答案】C
【解析】be made of 由。。。做成。看得出原材料。 Be made from 由。。。做成。看不出原材料。Be made in某地制造。Be made by 由。。。制造by后面接动作的执行者。这里桌子是由木头做的。看得出原材料。故答案选C。
要点2 hardly
hardly （高频考题）
hardly是副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,是一个具有否定意义的词。
My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿太虚弱,以至于几乎无法站立。
hardly 几乎不= almost not
He can hardly believe the result, can he （前否后肯）
辨析hard和 hardly的区别:
hard 作形容词,意为“困苦的;艰难的;坚硬的”; 作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地
hardly 作副词, 意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,它并不是hard的副词形式
The task is so hard that I can't finish it on my own. 这个任务太难了,以至于我不能独立完成。
Study hard, and you can pass the exam. 努力学习,你会通过考试的。
Look! It' s raining hard outside.看!外面雨下得正大。
The children were so excited they could hardly speak. 孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】always"总是";usually"通常";often"经常";hardly"几乎不"。结合语境可知此处指"难以"避免遇到问题,应用否定副词,故选D。
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
【答案】B
【解析】hard激烈地 猛烈地，努力地这里形容雨下的大用hard。hardly表示几乎不能。故选B。
3.It is ______ for him to get to school on time, because it is raining ______.
A .hard ; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly hardly
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：按时到校对于他是困难的，因为正在下着大雨。hard，形容词，意思为“困难的，坚硬的”；hard副词，意思为“努力地；猛烈地；使劲地”等。hardly频率副词，意为“几乎不”。it is+形容词+ for sb to do sth, 固定句式，做某事对于某人是……。第二空用hard修饰动词rain，结合句意及结构，故选C。
4．He studies _________ . She ________ plays outside after school .
A．hard ; hard B．hard ; hardly C．hardly ; hard D．hardly ; hardly
【答案】B
【解析】他学习努力，放学后几乎没有出去玩。Hard 努力地。 Hardly 几乎不。
5．Alice always studies ________and no test is ________for her.
A．hard ... hardly B．hardly … hard C．hard … hard D．hardly …hardly
【答案】C
【解析】第一空hard副词。努力地。第二空“困难的”
要点3 avoid
avoid v. 避免；防止
We should avoid making any noise in the background!
我们应该避免背景中出现任何杂音！
We should avoid the rush hour.
我们应该避开交通高峰期。
avoid的常见用法如下：
(1)avoid doing sth.避免做某事
(2)avoid sb./sth.躲避某人/某物
【拓展】 类似的后接动名词的常见搭配：
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 做完某事
practise doing sth. 练习做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事
【口诀】 巧记后接v. ing形式的动词口诀：
喜欢(enjoy)按照建议(suggest)一直(keep)练习(practise)，直到完成(finish)，避免(avoid)错过(miss)任何内容引起老师介意(mind)。
【典例分析】
1.你应当避免犯相同的错误。
You should _________ ________ the same mistakes.
【答案】avoid making
2.—Have you known why Tom was absent yesterday
—No. He avoided ________ my question.
A .answer B.to answer C. answered D. answering
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你知道汤姆昨天为什么缺席吗？——不，他回避回答我的问题。
考查非谓语动词。answer回答，原形；to answer回答，动词不定式； answered回答，过去式；answering回答，动名词。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。此处是“避免回答我的问题”。根据题意，故选D。
3.You must be more careful and ______ the same mistake you’ve ever made.
A .plan B. follow C .avoid D. enjoy
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你一定要小心，避免犯同样的错误两次。
考查动词词义辨析。A. plan计划；B. follow跟随；C. avoid避免；D. enjoy喜欢。you’ve ever made作定语修饰前面的mistakes。根据the same mistakes可知，这里应该是避免，故选C
4.When we are reading in the library, we should making any noise.
A. enjoy B. practise C. prefer D. avoid
【答案】D
【解析】根据时间状语从句可知,此处指"避免制造噪声",故用avoid。
5. Bob, you should wear warm clothes to avoid _______ a cold.
A. to hold B. holding C. to catch D. catching
【答案】D
【解析】本小题考查非谓语动词及动词词义辨析。avoid作动词，意为“避免”，后接动词-ing形式，构成avoid doing sth.结构，意为“避免做某事”，故可排除选项A、C，又因为catch a hold是固定搭配，表示“感冒”，故选D。
要点4 seem
seem常作系动词,意为“看来;似乎”,其常见结构如下:
1.seem+形容词/名词,意为“似乎……”。例如:
She seems quite happy today.今天她似乎很高兴。
She seems a clever girl.看来她是一个聪明的女孩。
2.seem+to do sth.,意为“好像要做某事”。例如:
Something seemed to be wrong with the train.火车好像出故障了。
3.It seems/seemed+ that从句,意为“看起来似乎……”。
4.seem like...意为“似乎是……;看起来像……”。例如:
It seems like an interesting film.它看起来像是一部有趣的电影。
【典例分析】
1.它看起来像是一部有趣的电影。
It __________ ___________an interesting film.
【答案】seems like
2.他似乎已经找到他的钱包了。
_________ ________ ________he has found his wallet.
【答案】It seems that
3.she seems unhappy. (改为同义句)
=She ________ ________ ________ unhappy.
=_______ _______ ______she is unhappy
【答案】seems to be = It seems that
4.It __________ that Joan had no chance to be a teacher at that moment.
A. tasted B. looked C. seemed D. smelt
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在那一刻，琼看起来好像没有机会成为一名教师。看起来好像…“It seems that+从句”固定句型；根据句中的had可知时态应用一般过去时，结合选项，故答案选C。
5.—There are dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.
—It ______ that a typhoon is coming.
A. feels B. sounds C. seems D. looks
【答案】C
【解析】考查词义辨析。句意：—有乌云，风刮得很大。—似乎一场台风要来。A感觉，B听起来，C似乎，D看起来。句型It seems that...似乎……。其余三项不用于此类句型。故选C。
要点5
find, find out, look for, discover 与 invent
“发现”各有不同
find out 查明; 弄清楚 强调经过一番努力或询问而查明某事或真相
invent 发明 强调创造出以前从未存在过的新事物
look for 寻找 强调寻找的过程
find 找到 强调寻找的结果和能力
discover & invent
discover 作为及物动词，意为“发现；找到”。通常用于发现他人尚未发现但是实际存在的东西。 Who discovered America 谁发现了美洲？Who discovered electricity 谁发现了电？
invent 作为及物动词，意为“发明”。通常指发明以往没有的东西。 Thomas Edison invented many things in his whole life.汤玛斯爱迪生一生中发明了很多东西。
【典例分析】
1、选词填空(look for/find/discover/find out/invent)。
① The policemen wanted to__________ who stole the gold.
② Tom__________ a box of gold on the island with his friends.
③ —Do you know who__________ the telephone —Bell.
④ My pet dog was lost. I__________ it everywhere and I__________ it in the garden.
【答案】1 find out/ discover 2.discovered 3.invented 4.looked for found
2. Dear ！ Where is my watch I can’t ______ it anywhere .
A. look for B. find out C. find D. look
【答案】C. 意为“找到”，强调“找”的结果
3.The window was broken．Try to ______ who has broken it．
A．find B．look C．find out D．look for
【答案】C。find out意为“查明”；find意为“找到”；look for意为“寻找”，根据句意可知应该选“查明”
4.他到处寻找他的钢笔，但是还是没有找到。
He____________ his pen, but he didn’t ___________ it.
【答案】looked for find.
5.你能帮我查一下火车什么时候开吗？
Could you help me______________ when the train leaves
【答案】find out
6. 你找到你的书了吗？
Do you _____________your book
【答案】find
7. We want to________ some information about the Olympics on the Internet.
A. invent B. search for C. look D. search at
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们想在互联网上搜索一些有关奥运会的信息。search for“搜寻，查找”，符合语境，故选B
8. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
【答案】B
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。travel旅游; discover发现; look看; invent发明。句意: 我们都盼望着那一天, 科学家们能够发现更多宇宙的奥秘。
9.We all look forward to the day when the scientists can ______ more secrets of the universe.
A. find B. find out C. discover D. look for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们都期望科学家能发现宇宙的更多秘密的那一天。
find意为“找到”，强调结果；look for意为“寻找”，强调动作。find out意为“找出，查明”，指找出事实，或者调查事情的真相。discover意为“发现”，指把原本存在不被发现的东西找出来。根据more secrets of the universe可知，表示发现更多的宇宙的秘密。故选C。
10.The man travels a lot and _______ a new island last week.
A. touched B. built C. discovered D. produced
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这人经常旅行，上周发现了一个新岛屿。A. touched触摸；B. built建造；C. discovered发现；D. produced生产。discover是指通过有意识地寻找或查询，发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。根据句子The man travels a lot and _______ a new island last week. 中的a new island，可知，一个新岛屿是本来就存在的，因此用discovered“发现”，符合语境。本题的语境是：这人经常旅行，上周发现了一个新岛屿。故选C。
要点6
be famous for 因……而出名
be famous for = be known for for 后面多接表示原因的词
辨析：be famous as 与 be famous for
be famous as +身份/职业， 意为“作为……而出名”
be famous for +原因，意为“因……而出名”
【典例分析】
1.山东潍坊现在因制作风筝而出名。
Weifang in Shandong Province _____________________ making kites now.
【解析】因.....而出名，用短语be famous /known for。故答案为：is famous /known for
2. Bondi beach is famous ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays.
A. in ; for B. as ; for C. for ; to D. to ; as
【答案】B
【解析】句意：邦迪海滩是因为适合度假而作为一处有趣的地方而著名的。考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。根据句意可知是：因……而著名与作为……而著名。故选B。
3. Yao Ming is famous ________________ a player ________________ basketball fans.
A. for ; as B. as ; for C. as ; to D. as ; in
【答案】C
【解析】句意：姚明对于篮球迷来书是作为一名球员而著名的。考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。根据句意可知是：作为……而著名与对某人来说是著名的。故选C。
4.—China is well known for tea, right —Yes, both in the past and now.
A. is famous as B. is good for C. is good at D. is famous for
【答案】D
【解析】be known for 与be famous for意思相同。
5. Suzhou is known _______ its beautiful gardens and I want to visit it this summer.
A. to B. by C. as D. for
【答案】D
【解析】本小题考查介词的搭配。be known to表示“被……(人)所熟知”；be known by表示“由……辨认”；be known as 表示“作为……而出名”，be known for表示“因……而闻名”。苏州因其园林而闻名，故选D。
要点7
everyday、every day的区别
everyday是形容词, 意思是“每天的；日常的”, 后面必须接被修饰的名词;
every day是副词, 意思是“每天”, 表示动作的时间。放在句首或句末，用来修饰整个句子。
daily & everyday & every day
daily 作为形容词，意为“每天的；天天的”。作为名词，意为“日报”。 The library is open daily.图书馆每天都开放。The young man reads China Daily every day.年青人每天都读<<中国日报>>。
everyday 作为形容词，意为“每天的；日常的”，只能够作定语。 Doing exercise is important in my everyday life.锻炼在我的日常生活中很重要。
every day 作为副词短语，意为“每天”，在句子作时间状语。 I do some reading every day.我每天都做阅读。
【典例分析】
1，他每天练习英语日常用语。
He practises _________ English _________.
【答案】daily /everyday every day
2. 每天锻炼在我的日常生活中很重要。
Doing exercise __________is important in my __________ life.
【答案】every day daily
3. There is a supermarket for people to buy ____ things in the small village.
A. lively B. daily C. silly D. weekly
【答案】B
【解析】daily日常的；weekly每周的。
要点8
happen是不及物动词，它的用法常见的有如下几种情况：
1. 表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。例如：
The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
2. 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happens to sb.”这一结构来表达。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
3. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
4. happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。例如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。
happen 与 take place 的区别：
1 take place 指按计划或安排发生的事，尤其指重大事件, happen 指意外事件。如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. （不用 happen ）
我的家乡在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。
②指发生未预料到的小事情时可用 take place ，但一般不用进行时。
take place 表示“举行、进行”（ = be held ）。如：
When will the soccer game take place
（按计划进行，不用 happen ） 足球比赛什么时候举行？
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【答案】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【答案】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【答案】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【答案】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
【答案】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【答案】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点9
live，lively，living，alive的用法区别
live做形容词时，读作[laiv]，表示“现场的；活着的”，只用于物，可以做前置定语；
lively 表示“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；
living 表示“活着的”，可以作表语或前置定语,可修饰人, 也可修饰物；
alive 表示“活着的”，多用于人,与dead相对；可以做表语、后置定语或补足语。
live, living, alive与lively的区别
alive 意为“活的, 活着的”, 没有比较级和最高级, 可用作表语和后置定语, 指人或动物, 不能用来指植物
living 意为“活着的; 现存的”, 指人或物可用作表语和定语, 作定语时要放在所修饰的名词前
live 意为“有生命的; 活的; 现场播出的”, 可作定语, 指动物或植物, 不能用来指人
lively 意为“有生气的; 活泼的”, 可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语, 指人或物
【典例分析】
1. Among all the ______ things on the planet, adult giraffes have the longest necks.
A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
【答案】B 活着的;在使用的。常做定语，living和alive都可以表示“活着的”，但alive能作表语或后置定语，而living既可以作表语，又可以作定语。
2. Jade _____ a lonely life, though he never feels that bad.
A. lively B. alive C. lives D. living
【答案】C live 居住;生活。常做谓语。
3.Mo yan is one of the greatest________ writers. He is still________.
A. living；alive B. living；live C. alive；living
【答案】A句意：莫言是活着的最伟大的作家之一。他仍然活着。第一空修饰名词writers，故用形容词living,第二空作为系动词is的表语，用形容词alive。故选A。
点睛：living和alive都可以表示“活着的”，但alive能作表语或后置定语，而living既可以作表语，又可以作定语。
4. Mr. Zhang always has a way to make his class and interesting.
A. lovely B. lively C. alive D. living
【答案】B考查词语辨异。句意：张老师总是有办法使他的课生动有趣。lively活泼的;生动的。可做定语或表语，lovely 可爱的。Living 活着的;在使用的。常做定语，alive adj. 活着的;有生气的。常做表语。根据句意选B。
5.选词填空(lively, alive, live)。
1）.Please tell me, Mr. Smith, how do you keep your golden fish __________
【答案】alive。活着的;有生气的。
2）.Although he was very old, he was a very __________ gentleman.
【答案】lively。活泼的;生动的。
3）.Everyone is surprised to see Tom but they are also pleased to see him______.
【答案】alive。活着的;有生气的。
4）.Mr. Zhang has been made the most popular teacher in our school this year.
—He always has a way to make his class ______and interesting.
【答案】lively。活泼的;生动的。
6.Mr. Brown always makes his class and his students are in his class.
A. lovely; interesting B. lively; interesting C. lovely; interested D. lively; interested
【答案】D
【解析】lovely可爱的 lively生动的，有朝气的。Interesting 有趣的。修饰物。 Interested 感兴趣的。形容人。根据句意选D
要点10
allow作为及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，后接动名词做宾语，通常不接不定式，allow doing sth“允许做某事”常用结构如下：
(1)allow doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(3)allow sb. sth. 让某人拥有某物(尤指钱或时间)
(4)allow + that ... 承认……
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove
【答案】C。allow sb to do 允许某人做某事。其被动形式。Be allowed to do sth. 故答案选C。
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
【答案】B。allow doing sth. 允许做某事。故答案选B
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
【答案】C解析：句意： 我们做完作业后，妈妈允许我们看电视。根据 after we finished our homework，可知时态是一般过去时，allow sb to do，固定搭配，允许某人做某事，故选C。
4.Our teacher doesn’t allow us ________ our mobile phone to school.
A. bring B.to bring C. bringing D. brought
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们的老师不允许我们把手机带到学校。
本题考查固定用法。A. bring动词原形；B. to bring动词不定式；C. bringing 动名词或现在分词；D. brought过去式或过去分词。根据固定用法allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;准许某人做某事。可知，此空故填to bring。故选B。
5.完成句子
1）事实不允许有其他的解释。
The facts_________ no other explanation.
【答案】allow
2）这项规定不允许在教室吃东西。
The rule doesn't allow __________ in the classrooms.
【答案】eating
3）我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
【答案】allow me to am not allowed to
要点11 in trouble
in trouble
in trouble的用法
(be) in trouble意为“遇上麻烦；处于困境”，此时trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；困境”。
trouble也可作动词，意为“使焦急；使苦恼；麻烦”
【拓展】
辨析be in trouble 与get into trouble
be in trouble 表示状态，一般表示已经有麻烦; get into trouble是一个动作或过程，意为“惹上麻烦，陷入麻烦，闯祸”，多用于还没发生的情况。
【典例分析】
1. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.(翻译，说明每个trouble的意思)
【答案】不要自找麻烦。第一个trouble 是动词“生麻烦”第二个trouble 名词。麻烦。第三个trouble 名词。麻烦，第四个trouble动词。
2. Linda is kind. She always helps me when I'm ________.
A. in peace B. at home C. at work D. in trouble
【答案】本题考查介词短语的用法。in peace意为“和平地；平静地”，at home 意为“在家”，at work 意为“在工作”，in trouble意为“遇上麻烦；处于困境”，结合语境可知应选D。
3.It's so rude to laugh at people who are ______________. They need your help.
A. by air B. in order C. in silence D. in trouble
【答案】D句意：嘲笑有困难的人不礼貌，他们需要你的帮助。A.坐飞机；B.为了；C.沉默的；D.处于困难之中。根据 They need your help. 可知需要帮助，是因为他们处于困难之中，故答案是D。
3.— How is your English study
—Not bad. But I_______ learning English grammar.
A. am interested in B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble
【答案】C 句意：你英语这样？不差，但是语法方面还是有点困难。所以C符合语境。
4. They had trouble __________(get) to the top of the mountain because of the rain.
【答案】getting。have trouble doing sth。 做某事有困难。
5.没有人想惹麻烦。
Nobody likes to_________ __________ ______________．
【答案】get into trouble
6.We shouldn't laugh at people .They need help and we should give them a hand.
A.in trouble B.in public
C.in person D.in silence
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们不应该嘲笑处于困境中的人,他们需要帮助,我们应该帮他们一把。故in trouble符合题意。
要点12
as far as 的用法
意为“就……而言；尽……所能；只要”（有时可用so far as),引导状语从句，强调程度或范围，常与动词 know、see 等连用，可放在句首或句中。如：
As far as I know, that's possible.
就我所知，那是有可能的。
【拓展】as far as还意为“远到；和……一样远”。如：
The family went as far as Beijing to meet their friends from Russia,这家人远至北京
去接来自俄罗斯的朋友。
【典例分析】
1.________ I know, more than half of the silk ________ made in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
A．As long as; is B．As far as; is C．As much as; are D．As little as; are
【答案】B
【解析】主语“more than half of the silk”作为整体来看，谓语动词应该用单数，故排除C、D。as far as I know意为“据我所知”。故选B。
要点13 no matter+ wh 句式
No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你可能买什么东西，你可能会认为那些产品是那些国家制造的。
no matter 意为“无论；不论”常与 what, who, when, where, which. how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。(注意：why一般不放在 no matter 后面)状语从句的位置可放在主句前或后。在这种让步状语从句中，我们一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：
Ella is going to be a dancer no matter what difficulties she faces.
不管会遇到什么困难，艾拉都打算成为一名舞蹈家。
拓展：
no matter when＝ whenever引导让步状语从句。如：
Whenever we met with difficulties，they always come to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
【拓展】类似whenever可以引导让步状语从句的词还有：
no matter how ＝ however无论怎样
no matter where ＝ wherever无论何地
no matter what ＝ whatever无论什么
no matter who＝ whoever无论谁
no matter which＝whichever无论哪一个
【典例分析】
1.My teacher always offers to help me ____________________(无论我什么时候处于困境)．
【答案】whenever/No matter when I'm in trouble
2.__________________(无论你做什么)，you must do it well.
【答案】Whatever/No matter what you do
3.________________________(无论天气怎样冷)，he always goes swimming.
【答案】However /No matter how cold it is
4.__________________________(无论你借哪本书)，you must return it in a week.
【答案】whichever No matter which book you borrow
5. No matter _______ happens, you know that I will be there for you.
A. what B. how C. which D. when
【答案】A
【解析】本小题考查疑问词辨析。no matter可以与疑问词连用引导让步状语从句，no matter what意为“无论什么”；no matter how意为“无论怎样”； no matter which意为“无论哪一个”；no matter when意为“无论何时”。由题干后一分句“你要知道我们总会陪伴在你左右”可知，前一分句要表达无论发生“什么”；故选A。
6．He refused to give up _______, _______ we explained that it was bad for his health．
A．to smoke；no matter how B．smoking；no matter what
C．smoking；no matter how D．to smoke：no matter what
【答案】C
【解析】give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”，排除A、D项；根据后半句的意思“无论我们怎样解释那对他的健康是有害的”。“no matter how”意为“无论怎样”。
要点14
try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力做某事”，指试图做某种很难的事，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。如：
He tried to work out the problem.
他努力地去解决这个问题。
try doing sth.表示“试着（用什么方法）去做某事”。如：
Let’s try doing the exercise in another way.
让我们试一试用另外一种方法做这道练习题。
比较：
构成的短语
try on试穿
try one’s best to do sth.
try out 试用，试验
【典例分析】
1.Chinese parents always try their best _____ a good education environment for their kids.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing
【答案】B考查固定搭配try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。
2. If you want to buy this dress, you'd better________ first to make sure it fits you.
A. pay for it B. take it off C. tidy it up D. try it on
【答案】D 用句意判断法解答。本题表示的是买衣服时的场景，应先“试穿”一下。
3.He tries ______music well, so he practices ______music every day.
A. to learn; to sing B. learning; singing C. to learn; singing D. learning; to sing
【答案】C句意“他尽量把音乐学好，所以他每天都练习唱歌”。try to do尽力做，try doing sth尝试做某事。根据so he practices ______ music every day可知，他要尽力把音乐学好，排除B和D。再根据practise doing“练习做某事”可知，故选C。
4. ---- Oh, it’s bad. The radio doesn’t work. ---- Didn’t you the radio before you bought it
A. count down B. try out C. tidy up D. point out
【答案】B句意：--哦，真糟糕。收音机坏了。----你买收音机之前没试过吗？try out 试验。故答案选B。
5.我刚才买了一部新手机，我正在试用它。
I bought a new mobile phone just now. I am_________ ________ __________.
【答案】trying it out
6.我可以试穿一下这件裙子吗？
May I _________ _________ _________ _________
【答案】try the dress on
7.本学期我会尽力学好物理。
I’ll ________ __________ _________ ________ learn physics well this term.
= I’ll ___________ ___________learn physics well this term.
【答案】try my best to/ try to
8.去尝试一下，不要害羞。
Just ________ ________ __________ Don’t be shy.
【答案】have a try
要点15
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
【答案】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
要点16
both...and... …和…(两者)都
both...and... 意为“……和……(两者)都”,用于连接两个并列的句子成分。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Kate and Tom are from Class Three, Grade One.凯特和汤姆都来自一年级三班。
Lucy can speak both Italian and Greek.露西既会讲意大利语又会讲希腊语。
【知识拓展】
not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 连接并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与 but also后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
either...or... 或者……或者…… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Not only you but also Li Lei is coming here.
不但你,而且李雷也要来这儿
★ Neither Lily nor I am a student.莉莉和我都不是学生
★ Tom can neither play the piano nor play chess.
汤姆既不会弹钢琴也不会下国际象棋。
★ You can either stay at home or go shopping on Sunday.星期天你可以待在家里或者去购物。
★ Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了,就是我错了
【典例分析】
1. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
【答案】D
【解析】 both...and……和……都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据句意推断A和D项都符合句意，both...and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数；not only...but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”，根据句中likes推断选D。
2.—What have you learnt after three years' study in China, Maria
—I was taught ________ knowledge ________ good manners.
A．either; or B．both; and C．neither; nor D．not; but
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨异。A．either; or 或者…或者。 B．both， and 和…(两者)都 C．neither; nor 既不。。。也不 D．not; but 不是。。。而是。 根据句意：我不仅学到了知识，还学到了礼貌。故答案选B
3----Jim, how do your parents like country music
----_____ my dad _____ my mom likes it. They both like country music.
A．Either, or B．Neither, nor C．Not only, but also D．Both, and
【答案】C
【解析】句意：--蒂姆，你的父母觉得乡村音乐怎么样？--不但爸爸喜欢，而且妈妈也不喜欢，他们都喜欢乡村音乐。根据后半句：他们都喜欢乡村音乐，either…or 或者…或者，表示两者之一；neither…nor 两者都不，既不，也不；Not only…but also 不仅…而且；both …and 两个都，主语是两个人。Not only…but also…… 句型要根据最近的主语确定谓语动词，本题中的 likes 是第三人称单数，故选C。
完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
4.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
5．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
6. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
7. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
8,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
9, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
【答案】4.not only but also 5.Neither nor have seen 6.either or 7.Both and 8.Not only but also was
Both and were 9.either or
要点17
by hand
by hand意为“用手的，亲自的；手工”，是介词短语。例如：
Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.
这里种植水稻的农场主仍是手工种植和收割庄稼。
The letter was delivered by hand. 那封信是派专人送去的。
【拓展】
by the hand意为“牵手，拉手，握手”。例如：
He clasped his old friend by the hand. 他紧紧地握住老朋友的手.
辨析 by hand， in hand， at hand 与 on hand
by hand 相当于副词的用法， 意为“用手工做， 由专人递送”
in hand 相当于形容词或副词的用法， 意为“在手里/手边； 进行中； 掌握中”
at hand 相当于形容词或副词的用法， 意为“即将来到的； 在手边”， 常与close，near连用
on hand 意为“在手上， 在身上”
例： Her sweater is knitted by hand. 她的毛衣是手工编织的，
The police had the riot in hand. 警察控制了暴动。
I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我经常把词典放在手边，
Do you have any money on hand 你手头上有钱吗
【典例分析】
1.他牵着迪克森的手把他领进屋。
He took Dickson ______________ to lead him into the house.
【答案】by the hand
2.这盘子是银制的，是手工打造的
The dish was made of silver, beaten out ______________.
【答案】by hand
3.Now things made by machine are cheaper than those made hand.
A.at B.in C.by D. with
【答案】C句意:现在由机器制作的东西要比那些手工制作的东西便宜。by hand“用手工”。
要点18
be good for对有好处
be good for的反义词组为 be bad for（对……不利；对……有害）
★ Enough sleep is good for our health.充足的睡眠对我们的健康有益
★ Eating vegetables is good for you.吃蔬菜对你有好处。
【易混辨析】
be good for... 对……有好处 后接表示人或物的名词
be good to... 对……友善 后接表示人的名词
be good at... 擅长…… 后接名词、代词或动名词
be good with... 和……相处得好 后接表示人的名词
【典例分析】
1. This kind of food will be ______you, and if you keep on eating it, you will be healthier.
A. good to B. good at C. good for D. good with
【答案】B。 be good to 意为“对……友好”. be good with意为“善于应付……的”。be good at 意为“擅长”。
be good for 对……有好处.根据意思语境选答案B
2.用be good （to at for with）填空。
1）Exercising ____________our health.
2）Chinese_____________ foreigners.
3）Tony___________ skiing.
4）He___________ children.
【答案】1）is good for 2）are good to \is good with 3）is good at 4） is good with\ is good to
要点19
for example
辨析：for example与such as
for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的一个例子 做插入语，用逗号与句子其他成分隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末
such as 常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子 置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间
【典例分析】
用for example, such as或like填空
1. He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2. The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3. Mary is __________ her father.
4,He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5.English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【答案】1.for example 2.for example 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
6. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
【答案】C
【解析】【详解】句意：水果店有很多种水果，例如苹果，香蕉和芒果。like像，如同；for example例如，such as例如，as well as而且。此处举了多个表示水果的例子，故用such as。故选C。
要点20
according to根据;按照
according to中的to是介词,后面跟名词或代词。
★ According to the writer, more and more kids are becoming fat in China.
根据作者所写,在中国越来越多的孩子正在变胖。
★ According to the new traffic laws, we shouldn't drive after drinking wine.
根据新交通法规,我们不应该酒后驾驶。
【注意】according to后面不接view, opinion等表示“看法”的词。
according as，意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。
【注意】对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。
【典例分析】
1.根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。
You will be praised or blamed _________ ___________your work is good or bad.
【答案】according as 意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。
2.根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。
He is an honest businessman, ________ ___________what everyone says.
【答案】according to 对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。
3.它们是按发生的时间安排的。
They were arranged ________ ________when they happened.
【答案】according to对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。
4. 按照计划，我们下星期进行数学考试。
_______________ the plan, we will have a maths exam next week.
【答案】according to 根据；按照；据……所说。
5. _________ Ben, they are not getting on very well at the moment .
A. Depending on B. According to
C. According at D. According with
【答案】B句意：根据Ben说的，他们现在相处得并不好。depend on依靠于，依赖于；according to根据…. 没有according at和according with这些短语；根据句意可知，这里表示“根据….”故选B。
要点21
rise上升;升起
rise作不及物动词，表示“上升；升起”，过去式和过去分词分别为rose和risen。rise的反义词set意为“落下”。
★ Smoke rose from the factory chimneys.烟从工厂的烟囱里升起。
raise 的用法
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】raise与rise 区别
raise是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语；而rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。
(1) raise 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如：
Heavy rain raised the river stage.
暴雨使河水水位升高。
(2) rise（rose, risen）说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等，无被动语态。 如：
The moon has risen above the hills.
月亮已经从山上升起。
The river has risen by several meters.
河水上涨了好几米。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
【答案】（1）rose (2)raised (3)raised （4）rising
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
【答案】（1）has risen （2）to raise
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
【答案】A 句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。 raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
【答案】B 抬高价格。Raise the price。Raise 后面接宾语。
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
【答案】D 句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise 及物动词，后面接宾语。
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
【答案】raise “筹集，征集”raise money 募捐。
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
【答案】The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Rise 不及物动词。
【重点词组】
l. be made of/from由………制成
2. be made in在…制造
3. be famous for＝ be known for以…闻名;为人知晓
4. in many different areas在许多不同的地区
5. for example例如
6. avoid doing sth，避免做某事
7. as far as I know据我所知
8. on the sides of mountains在山周边
9 by hand手工
10. all over the world全世界
11. be good for有益于......
12. both... and... ......和……都
13. send for派人去取;订购
14. search for搜索
15. no matter不论;无论
16. in fact事实上
17. everyday things日常用品
18. in the future在将来
19.a 17- year-old student一名17岁的学生
20 be good at擅长
21. go on a vacation去度假
22. turn into变成
23. according to根据
24. send out发出
25. ask for help请求帮助
26. in trouble处于麻烦中
27. be covered with...被……覆盖
28. a symbol of happiness幸福的象征
29. put sth. on...在…...上贴上某物
30. be seen as被看作
【重点句式】
1. What are the shirts made of 衬衫是由什么制成的
2.It was made in Thailand.它是在泰国制造的。
3. China is famous for tea.中国以茶而闻名。
4. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
据我所知，茶树种植在山坡上。
5. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
当茶树叶长成了，茶叶就被手工摘下，然后被送去加工处理。
7. People say that tea is good for both health and business !
人们说茶既有益于健康也有益于商业!
8. He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.
他发现一件有趣的事:当地商店中的许多的商品是中国制造的.
9. Most of the earth's surface is covered by water.
地球表面大部分被水覆盖。
10. The international kite festival is held in April every year.
国际风等节每年四月举行。
11. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble.
当陷入困境时，他把它们发送出去请求帮助。
12. According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.
依据中国历史，孔明灯最初是被诸葛孔明使用的。
13 It takes several weeks to complete everything。
完成一切需要好几个星期的时间。
14. They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.
它们被看作是幸福和美好祝愿的光明象征。
15. Paper cutting has been around for over 1, 500 years.
剪纸已经存在了1500多年了。
一般现在时的被动语态
定义： 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，或者主语是动作的对象。
结构：be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词
句式：
肯定句： 主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他.
否定句： 主语+助动词be (am/is/are)+not+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他.
一般疑问句： 助动词Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+by短语)+其他？
答语： Yes,主语+助动词be (am/is/are)，或No，主语+助动词be (am/is/are) +not.
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+助动词be(am/is/are)+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by短语）+其他？
主动语态变被动语态
将原主动句中的宾语转换成被动语态中的主语；
把原动词改成“be+过去分词”的形式；
方法 将原主动语态中的主语以宾格形式置于by后，有时可以省略；
状语、定语等其他成分不变。
例句 Farmers grow rice in spring.→Rice is grown by farmers in spring.
拓展 主动句中的谓语动词是have,own,belong to等表示状态的动词时，不能用于被动语态。
【典例分析】
一、根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The children ________(see) to play in the park every day.
2. Children's clothes____________ (not sell) by them in their shop.
3.Stephen Hawking___________(consider) to be ‘the greatest scientist in history along with Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein.
4.A lot of trees_________ (plant) on the mountain every year.
5. A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and_________ (celebrate) with a special party.
【答案】1.are seen 2.aren’t sold 3.is considered 4.are planted 5.is celebrated
二、按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1. People usually plant trees in March every year.(改为被动语态)
Trees_______ usually __________by people in March every year.
2. I am allowed to play computer games by my father on weekends.(改为一般疑问句)
_________you_________ to play computer games by your father on weekends
3.Does Mary read this book every day (改为被动语态)
_________this book_________ by Mary every day
4.They don't water the flowers in the garden every day.(改为被动语态)
The flowers in the garden________ _______ ________every day.
5. That kind of car is produced in China. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________that kind of car produced
6. The Great Wall is visited by many travelers every year.(改为主动句)
_______ _______ _______the Great Wall every year.
7.Do people use knives to cut things (改为被动语态)
________ ________ ________by people to cut things
【答案】1.are planted 2.Are allowed 3.Is read 4.are not watered 5.Where is 6.Many travelers visit 7.
Are knives used
三、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。
These books ________ _________specially for children.
2.请你在下次会议上作个发言。
You_______ _______ to make a speech at next meeting.
3.他的孩子被他照顾得很好。
His children________ ________ good care of by him.
4.我的父母每年春天种植蔬菜。
Vegetables _______ ________by my parents every spring.
5.我们期盼着看到怎么制造这些汽车。
We're expecting to see how the cars_________ _________.
【答案】1.are written 2.are invited(asked) 3.are taken 4.are planted 5.are produced
本单元主要谈论产品是由什么制成的以及其生产地,要求同学们能够运用一般现在时的主动语态及被动语态谈论并描述物品的相关信息(制作的原材料、生产地、用途等)。
【语料积累】
Ⅰ.高频短语
1.由……制成
2.在……制造
3.以……而著名
4.用手;手工
5.以……闻名;为人知晓
6.被……覆盖
Ⅱ.经典句型
7.它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。(be made of)
8.根据中国历史,孔明灯最先被诸葛孔明使用。(be used by)
9.无论你可能会买什么,你或许认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。(no matter)
10.如果你对中国茶文化感兴趣,你最好不要错过它。(had better)
Ⅲ.典句仿写
11.Zhang Yimou is one of the most famous directors around the world.
仿句: 中国泥塑艺术是最传统的艺术形式之一。
12.The kites are made of bamboo and a very special kind of paper.
仿句: 这些作品由一种非常特殊的黏土制成,然后风干。
13.The picture shows what the daily life was like in Beijing in the past.
仿句: 这些小小的泥塑作品展示了所有中国人对生活和美的热爱。
14.This kind of caps can be seen in many shops and they are becoming more and more popular among teenagers.
仿句: 在中国的不同地区都可以看到它们,并且它们在年轻人和老年人中越来越受欢迎。
【实战演练】
中国的泥塑艺术具有独特的东方特色。假如你是来自中国的交换生,现就读于美国一所学校。请你根据下面所给的提示,以“Chinese Clay Art”为题,写一篇介绍中国泥塑艺术的短文。词数:100左右。
特点 器件虽小,但看起来逼真。
颜色 色彩缤纷。
人物形象 可爱的小孩或中国历史故事中的生动角色。
制作流程 由特殊黏土制作成型,然后风干;在高温中煅烧,然后打磨绘画。
现状 在中国各地备受人们欢迎。
参考词汇:1.clay pieces 泥塑器件
2.air-dry风干
3.at a high heat在高温中
4.polish 打磨
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【语料积累】
Ⅰ.1.be made of/from 2.be made in 3.be famous for 4.by hand
5.be known for 6.be covered with
Ⅱ.7.It’s made of used wood and glass.
8.According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.
9.No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
10.If you are interested in Chinese tea culture, you’d better not miss it.
Ⅲ.11.Chinese clay art is one of the most traditional art forms.
12.The pieces are made of a very special kind of clay, and then allowed to air-dry.
13.These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.
14.They can be seen in different parts of China and they are becoming more and more popular among the young and the old.
One possible version:
Chinese Clay Art
Chinese clay art is one of the most traditional art forms. It’s famous/known because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. They are colorful and they are usually cute children or lively characters from Chinese historical stories. The pieces are made of a very special kind of clay, and then allowed to air-dry. After drying, they are fired at a very high heat. They are then polished and painted. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.
They can be seen in different parts of China and they are becoming more and more popular among the young and the old.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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