中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 When was it invented？
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
invent--discover-find-create
invent 发明（过去不存在的事物）、编造、捏造
discover 发现（本来就存在却不为人所知的）
find 发现、得到、找到
create 经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有。
1)create主要意思是“创造”，即产生新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可指创造出新的具体事物。
2)invent主要意思是“发明”，是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的。
invention n.发明 inventor n. 发明家
3)discover主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。
Discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者
4)find主要意思是“发现，找到丢失的人或物”，或指“感到”。
图解辨异：discover，invent
【典例分析】
1.用discover，create和invent填空
1)Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
2)Could you please tell us about the four great___________（发明）of China？
3) If you could ________ something new，what product would you develop？
4) He’s a real person, not __________n a dream.
5) Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
6)An artist should___________ beautiful things.
7)It is people who___________ history.
8) I can’t ________ my bike. I’m looking for it everywhere.
9). Do you know who________ the plane
10) He ________ quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.
2. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
3.We all look forward to the day when the scientists can ______ more secrets of the universe.
A. find B. find out C. discover D. look for
4. Dear！ Where is my watch I can’t ______ it anywhere .
A. look for B. find out C. find D. look
5．Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.
A．discovered； discovered B．invented； discovered
C．invented； invented D．discovered； invented
要点2
take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
take place 不及物动词短语，意为“发生；出现”，表示(某事)按计划进行或发生
happen 不及物动词，意为“发生”，常指具体事件的发生，表示那些偶然的或未能预见的动作的发生
【拓展】
take 相关的词组：
take off 脱下，起飞 take away 带走 take in 让……进入，接受
take over 接管 take down 记下 take care of 照顾
take out取出 take up 开始从事 take part in 参加
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
5. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
6. The 1st National Youth Games _________ in Fuzhou in 2015.
A. takes place B. took place C. is taken place D. was taken place
要点3
not only...but also...的用法
①not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,即遵循“就近原则”。其中also有时可省略,有时在连接句子时也可省略but甚至but also。not only...but also...连接句子时,not only 可以置于句首表示强调,这时第一分句要采用倒装结构。例如:
Not only I but also my mother is proud of my success.
不仅我,我的妈妈也为我的成功而自豪。
②类似的结构:
(1)either...or...“或者……或者……,要么……要么……”,连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。例如:
Either you or I am wrong.要么是你错了,要么是我错了。
(2)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。例如:
Neither I nor you are wrong.你和我都没错。
【典例分析】
一、用not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and 完成句子
1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
7. 他不仅仅是我的老师，而且是我的朋友。
He's ________ ________ my teacher ________ my friend.
8. Not only the students but also the teacher ________ invited.
A. was B. were C. am D. are
9—Who went to the graduation party last night, Mary
—Almost everyone did. lots of students Ms. Wang appeared at the party.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not; but
要点4 look up to
look up to意为“（尤指对年长者）敬仰，钦佩，仰慕”。
Children should look up to their parents.
Who would look up to us
【拓展】look 的相关短语：
look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息
look for寻找
look over(医生)仔细检查
look around 环顾四周
look after照看
look at 看……
look down on 看不起
【典例分析】
1.Some teenagers the movie stars and dream of being a person like them.
A. look down upon B. look up to C. look out of D. look through
2. Lily didn’t come to school yesterday because she had to ______ her sick mother at home.
A. look after B. look over C. look up D. look like
3. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
A. look around B. look into C. look forward to D. look through
4.—I don’t know the new word.
—It doesn’t matter, you can ________ in the dictionary.
A．look up it B．look it up C．look for it
5.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”
—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
6.When you don’t know a word，you can________ in the dictionary．
A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up
7. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A．look for B．look at C．look up D．look after
8. Here is the book. First ________ it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
要点5
fall down、fall off、fall into、fall behind
fall down和fall off都表示“摔倒、跌倒”的意思，但它们各自的含义不同。
fall down强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接从哪里摔下时应加上介词from。
例如：
The boy hit the tree to hard that he fell down.
男孩重重地撞在树上，结果自己倒下了。
fall off强调的是“跌落、从……掉下来”，后直接接宾语。
例如:The girl is falling off the bike. = The girl is falling down from the bike.
女孩正从自行车上摔下来。
fall into表示“掉入......”
例如： The naughty boy fell into the pool yesterday.
昨天那个淘气的小男孩掉进了池塘。
fall behind表示“落后”，常指在成绩、速度方面比不上别人
例如：Tom fell behind his classmates in Maths last year.
去年汤姆在数学上落后于他的同学。
【典例分析】
1.我看到他从马上掉了下来。
I saw him_________ his horse.
2.如果你不努力学习，你会落后于他人的。
If you don’t study hard, you will_________ others.
3.掉进河里的那个女孩最后被救了。
The girl who _________ the river was saved in the end.
4.老房子在地震中倒塌了。
The old house __________in the earthquake.
5.The boy the river. He wasn’t pulled out of the water a strong man appeared.
A. fell into, after B .fell into, until C. fell down, until D. fell down, after
要点6
pleasure的用法
作为不可数名词，意为“愉悦；快乐”。
Doing sports gives me great pleasure.
锻炼给我带来很多快乐。
with pleasure!乐意效劳!
当别人请求你做某事,你很乐意去做的时候,用“ With pleasure!"回答,且用于事情发生之前。pleasure作名词,意为“高兴;愉快”
★ ——Could you help me carry the box 你可以帮我搬这个箱子吗？
——With pleasure!乐意效劳!
“It's a pleasure."和“My pleasure.”意为“不客气/不用谢这是我的荣幸”，用于事情发生后
★——Thank you very much.非常感谢你。
——It’s a pleasure./ My pleasure.不用谢。
★ ——It is very nice of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。
——My pleasure.这是我的荣幸。
【知识拓展】
1.其形容词pleasant,意为“令人愉快的；宜人的等”。常作定语或表语，多用来修饰事物。
It’s always pleasant to do what we’re good at doing.
做我们自己擅长的事情总是令人愉快的。
2.其形容词pleased,意为“高兴的；满意的”，常作表语，多用来修饰人。
常用于以下短语中：
①be pleased to do sth. “很高兴做某事”
Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny.
做任何事情都要很高兴，即使它是一件很小的事情。
②be pleased with sb./sth. “对某人/某事很满意”
The little boy is a good boy, his mother is pleased with him.
小男孩儿是个好孩子，他的妈妈对他很满意。
【典例分析】
1.—Helen, could you please water the flowers in my garden
— . They are so lovely.
A. That's too bad B. With pleasure C. You're welcome D. I'm afraid not
2. —What do you think of your trip to Hainan
—Wonderful. We were all ________with the ________trip.
A. pleased; pleasant B. pleasant; pleased
C. pleasing; pleased D. pleasant; pleasing
3.— Thank you for doing that.
__________.
A. With pleasure B. I am pleased C. My pleasure D. With a pleasure
4.用please的适当形式填空
1). —Thank you for coming to see me.
—It’s a ____________.
2). He is very ____________ to see the progress we are making.
3). We spent a very ____________ evening.
5.我很高兴认识他。
I’m _________ __________ know him.
6.老师对我们的家庭作业感到满意
The teacher _________ _________ ___________ our homework.
7.从他人手中收到礼物是一件令人高兴的事。
__________ __________ _____________to receive a gift from others.
8.他动人的微笑取悦了我。
His nice smile ___________ me.
要点7 enough
（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如：
The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如：
The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
【拓展】
（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如：
I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：
He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you get the present
—No, I got there but there weren't .
A. enough early; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough presents B. early enough; enough presents
C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough
2.As teenagers, we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re ______to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes.
A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough
4.这个房间已经足够干净了。
The room is ___________________________.
5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。
The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.
=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.
6.他年龄够大能上学。
He is __________ __________ to go to school.
=He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.
要点8 include
include 包含；包括
①include:包括,包含,及物动词 include sth.包括某事在内 include前面要有主语的．
例如：The price includes postage charges. 价格包括邮费在内。
I include eggs on the list of things to buy. 我在要买的货单上包括了鸡蛋。
②including一般用在逗号后面，这个是标志，或者是冒号的前面，总之，是用标点隔开用的，但是有的时候它也是可以放在句子中的．including是介词,不是动词.
例如：The band played many songs, including some of my favourite songs.
这个乐队唱了很多的歌,包括我喜欢的一些歌
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I have much work to do,__________ ____________ meals and cleaning the house.
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My work __________ __________ meals, cleaning the house and so on.
3. I have to make breakfast for five people，____me.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
4. Congratulations! Most of you have passed the final exam, Tony ________.
A. including B. include C. includes D. included
要点9
at the end of/ by the end of/in the end
（1）at the end of 意为“在……末尾，在……尽头”，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。例如：
The hospital is at the end of the road．医院就在路的尽头。
He will come to see you at the end of this month．这个月底他要来看你。
（2）by the end of 意为“到……为止，在……以前”，常与过去完成时连用。例如：
He had finished the work by the end of last month．
上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。
（3）in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
（4）at the end of
at the end of...在……的结尾;在……的末端
Children put stockings at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.
孩子们睡觉前将长筒袜放在他们的床尾。
【易混辨析】 in the end, at last与 finally
in the end 表示“经过许多变化之后某事才发生”。in the end 常用于一般过去式。
at last 不指时间的顺序，而是用来表示“经过困难、周折、等候或耽误了很长时间之后才发生某事”,语气比较强烈
finally ①列举事物论点时，可用来引出最后一项内容; ②用在句中的动词前面，表示“等了好久才……”
【典例分析】
1.史密斯先生的家在这条路的尽头。
Are there any exams ___________ this term
2.这个学期期末有考试吗？
My room is ______________ the corridor.
3.到本学期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。
__________________ this term, we_____________ 2000 English words.
4.他终走到达这条街道的尽头。
__________, he reached_________________ the street.
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
6.__________, He succeeded in getting the job.
A．in the end B．at the end of C．by the end of D．to the end
要点10
mention及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后可接名词、代词、动词ing形式或that从句作宾语。
例：He mentioned some environmental problems in his report
他在他的报告里提到了一些环境问题。
Linda mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad，
琳达在她的信中提到，她打算出国。
知识拓展
don't mention it意为“不用谢，别客气”，用于回答别人的感谢。
例：-Thanks a lot 多谢。
-Don't mention it. 不客气。
【典例分析】
1.我向他提起这个主意，他似乎很喜欢。
I_______ ______ ______ _____ him, and he seemed to like it.
2.非常感谢！小事不值一提(不用谢)。
Thank you！ _________ _________ _______.
3.他从未向我提及他有个女朋友。
He never _______ _______ _______ ________ he had a girl friend
4.— What did he say about his parents in his letter
—He didn’t ______ his parents in the letter.
A. admire B. notice C. mention D. miss
5.—Thank you very much for giving me some advice on how to deal with stress.
— .
A. That's true B. Don't mention it C.OK. I'll try D.I don't think so
要点11
some time意为“一段时间”。
I will stay here for some time.
辨析：some time, sometimes, some times与sometime
词（组） 意思 用法
Some time 一段时间 常常与延续性动词连用，对它提问用how long
sometimes 有时 表示动作发生的频率，多余一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often
Some times 几次，几倍 其中time是可数 名词，对它提问用how many times
sometime 某事 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when
例：They have been in our school for sometime，
他们已经在我们的学校待了一段时间了。
Well take our holiday sometime in August. 我们将在八月的某个时候休假。
Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday. 星期天他有时去看电影。
I have been to Qingdao for some times. 我已经去过青岛几次了。
【典例分析】
1.请用sometime, sometimes, some time和some times适当的单词或词组填空：
1）I will see you ___________ in the future.
2）We tried it for ___________, but we still can’t do it.
3）It will take ____________, not too long.
4）It rained ______________ in Beijing in autumn.
2.I looked at my watch _______ to make sure I was not late.
A. from time to time B. in time C. at the same time D. on time
3. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
4. —When will you leave London for Washington
—______ next week.
A. Some time B. Sometime C. Some times D. Sometimes
5. I have waited for you for __________.
A. Some time B. Sometime C. Some times D. Sometimes
要点12
encourage的用法
（1）作为及物动词，意为“鼓励”。常用于encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
Our teachers always encourage us to study hard.
我们的老师们总是鼓励我们好好学习。
（2）其形容词encouraging,意为“令人鼓舞的；振奋人心的等”。
It is an encouraging letter.这是一封鼓舞人心的信。
（3）其名词encouragement,意为“鼓励；鼓舞”。
We need all the supports and encouragements from our parents.
我们需要来自于我们父母的一切支持和鼓励。
(4)courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.Betty often feels lonely. I'll encourage her _____ friends with others.
A．make B．made C．to make D．making
2. Mr. Liu encouraged us ________ (speak) English as much as possible.
3.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。
4. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed!
A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage
5.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
要点13
“It is said that从句”是含有that从句的一种复合句， 式主语是it， that引导的从句作真正的主语，意为“据说......”，相当于People say that....
使用该句型时， that从句的谓语动词可根据需要用各种时态，
例：It is said that they have won the game. 据说他们已经赢得了那场比赛。
It is said that they will go abroad soon. 据说， 他们不久将要出国。
类似的句型还有：
It is reported that... 据报道......
It is(well) known that... 众所周知......
It is believed that... 人们认为.....
It is supposed that... 据猜测.....
【典例分析】
1.据说这位著名的歌星下周将来我们这座城市。
the famous singer will come to our city next week.
2.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。
It _______ _______ ________ China is famous for the Great Wall.
3. 人们认为这个男孩儿未来会成为一名好的管理者。
________ ________ ________ that this boy will be a good manager _______ ________ ________.
4. It ________ that Donald Trump has been chosen as American president.
A．says B．said C．is said D．saying
要点14 until
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called．
A．and B．until C．although D．since
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
6. We ______ until he came back.
A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait
要点15
Make +sb.+ adj.意为“使某人......".形容词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态、性质、特征等.
例：The loud noise at night real made some old people angry.
晚上巨大的噪音真的使一些老年人很生气。
知识拓展"make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"结构
make + 宾语 + 名词 使、让某人/某物（成为）…… We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他做我们足球队队长。
make + 宾语 + 不带to的动词不定式 使某人做某事 Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 我们老师使我们感到更自信了。
make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事（变得）…… We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。（当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语）
make + 宾语 + 现在分词 使某人/某物一直处于某种状态 You shouldn’t' t make the guests waiting for so long there. 你不该让客人在那里久等。
make+宾语+过去分词 使某人/某事被…… The man spoke loudly to make himself heard. 那个人大声地讲以便使自己被听见。
make + 宾语 + 介词短语 使某人/某物（变得）…… He made the computer in a good condition again. 他把电脑修好了。
【典例分析】
1. Could you please tell me _____
A. how can I make the machine work B. how I can make the machine work
C. how I can make the machine to work D. how can I make the machine to work
2. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
（1）我的宠物常常使我高兴。
My pet often ________ _______ _________.
（2）昨天我们选他当班长。
We ________ ________ ________ yesterday.
要点15
1)stop to do sth.表示停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事情。
2)stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情
3)stop...(from) doing sth.意为“阻止......做某事”
例：It’s hard to stop people going shopping online. 阻止人们网上购物是很难的。
知识拓展
“阻止......做某事”还可用keep (prevent) from doing sth.
例：We should keep the teenagers from smoking.
我们应该阻止青少年吸烟。
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
2.You look so tired. Why not _____ a rest
A. stop having B. to stop have C. stop to have D. to stop to have
3.We should stop people from _______ down many trees.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts
4.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
5.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
要点16 the number of/ a number of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
3.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
4. the doctors in this hospital is 200, and them are men doctors.
A. A number of; the number of B.A number of; a number of
C. The number of; the number of D. The number of; a number of
要点17 accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two men died in the traffic accident. 两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by accident = by chance 意为“偶然地，无意中地”。 例如：
He met one of his classmates in the street by accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My father met one of his old friends at the station _________ __________.
2. Luckily, he was not badly hurt in the a__________（根据首字母填词）
3.I found Lisa's bag in the playground accident. I picked it up and returned it to her.
A. for B. with C. of D.by
要点17 achieve
achieve的用法
achieve意为“实现;达到;获得”时,一般只用作及物动词,通常以目标、目的、胜利、地位等作宾语,指排除各种困难、障碍而完成宏伟的目标或赢得胜利,如achieve a goal“实现目标”,achieve a dream“实现梦想”,achieve success“获得成功”。其同义短语为不及物动词短语come true,意为“实现”,一般由物(理想、愿望等) 作主语。例如:
My dream has come true.我的理想已经实现了。
2.achieve的名词形式为achievement,意为“成就;业绩;实现;达到”。例如:
We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.
当到达山顶时,我们感到很有成就感。
辨析achieve与come true
achieve 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是人
come true 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是梦想等
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
要点18 doubt
doubt用作名词，意为“疑惑，疑问”。常用短语：without doubt意为“毫无疑问；的确”；no doubt意为“无疑；确实地”.
A sudden doubt came to my mind.
He is without doubt the cleverest student I have ever taught.
拓展
doubt还可用作动词，意为“怀疑”。后可接名词、代词、if/whether/ that从句等做宾语。
典例 He doubted Jim, since he was ever dishonest.
There is no room for doubt.(名词)没有怀疑的余地。
I had no reason to doubt him.(动词)我没有理由怀疑他。
名言 Doubt is the key to knowledge.怀疑是知识的钥匙。
【典例分析】
1.His books are popular in China. It will be doubt translated different languages.
A. with, to B. without, to C. with, into D. without, into
2. He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.
A. hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe
3. 毫无疑问，他是我们学校最优秀的老师。
He is ________ ________ the best teacher in our school.
＝________ ________ _________ ________ he is the best teacher in our school.
要点19 mistake
mistake的用法
(1) 名词，错误
(2) 动词，把……错当成 ……mistake.. for. 把......错认成
(3) 动词，误会；误解
(4) 短语，by mistake 错误地
词组：make mistakes 犯错误
【典例分析】
指出下面mistake的意义。
1.There are a lot of spelling mistakes in your article.
2.He was mistaken for the minister.
3.You mistook my meaning entirely.
4.I took your bag by mistake.
5.—I wore sports shoes to the dancing party yesterday evening ________ mistake!
—Oh，dear，you must be very embarrassed at the ball！
A．by B．for C．in D．of
6. Dennis was in a hurry to leave, so he picked up the wrong hat _________.
A. in time B. in person C. by mistake D. by hand
要点20
smell n.气味 v.发出…气味;闻到
典例 Bob and Sally hate the smell of onions.(名词)鲍勃和萨莉讨厌洋葱的气味。
Dinner smells good.(动词)晚饭闻起来很香。
The dog smelt a rabbit.(动词)狗嗅到了兔子的气味
一句辨义 The boy smelt the bottle, and there was a strange smell.
这个男孩闻了闻这个瓶子,有一种奇怪的气味。
注意 smell的过去式为 smelled或 smelt;过去分词为 smelled或 smelt。
拓展：smell作系动词，意为“闻到……的味道， 闻起来”，后接形容词作表语。
类似的还有:
taste 尝起来……
look.....看起来
sound......听起来 + adj
smell.....闻起来
feel.....摸起来,感觉
【典例分析】
1. Let’s keep all the windows open. The _________ in the office is really terrible.
A. style B. shape C. smell D. space
2.Coffee is ready. How nice it___！
A．smells B．sounds C．feels D. becomes
3. —Does the soup _________ nice
—Yes. It’s hot, but really delicious.
A. sound B. feel C. look D. smell
4．—Does the soup _________ nice
—Yes. It’s hot, but really delicious.
A．sound B．feel C．look D．taste
要点21 remain
remain作不及物动词,意为“剩下,留下, 停留”。例如:
Nothing remained in his house after the big earthquake.大地震后他家什么也没剩下。
2.remain作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,后跟形容词、名词等。例如:
The boy remained silent all the time in class.那个男孩子在课堂上一直保持沉默。
【典例分析】
1.--Why did you speak in such a loud voice
--Because they didn’t _________ silent in the classroom.
A .remained silence B. remain silently C. remain silent D. remain silence
2.The leaves ________ in the water for a long time.
A. came B. remained C. lived D. arrived
【重点词组】
1. have a point 有道理 2. by accident 偶然；意外地
3. take place 发生；出现 4. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确
5. all of a sudden 突然; 猛地 6. by mistake 错误地；无意中
7. divide ... into 把 分开 8. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
9. less than 少于；不到 10. at the same time 同时
11. in the way 这样 12. since then 自从那以后
13. It is said that 据说 14. It is believed that 人们相信
e up with 想出 16. translate…into… 把……翻译成……
17. lead to 导致 18. in the end=at last=finally 最后
19. in my daily life 在我的日常生活中 20. think of 想到；考虑
21. fall into=drop into 掉进 22. at a low price 以很低的价格
【重点句式】
1.看起来你说的确实有道理。
You do seem to have a point.
2.地震突然发生了。
The earthquake happened all of a sudden.
3.这台冰箱以低价出售。
The fridge was sold at a low price.
4.从中国到西方国家的茶贸易发生在19世纪。
The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
5. 这本书被翻译成不同的语言。
The book was translated into different languages.
6.带特殊鞋跟的鞋子是用来改变鞋子的款式的。
Shoes with special heels are used for changing the style of the shoes.
7. 那里列举了不同发明的先锋。
The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.
8. 我们的父母建议我们不要独自外出。
Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
9.世界上最受欢迎的饮料是无意中被发明的。
The most popular drink in the world was invented by accident/chance.
10你知道薯条是无意间被发明的吗？
Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake
11.这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。
These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
12茶树上的叶子掉进了水里并且停留了一段时间。
Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.
13毫无疑问中国人是最了解茶的本质的人。
The Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
14.据说一位名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可作为饮料的。
It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
15. 他们需要阻止与自己竞争的队把球投进他们自己的篮筐。
They need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was / were + 及物动词的过去分词（+ by） + 其他”。其否定式是在was/ were后加not；一般疑问式是把was/ were放到句首。如：
A wonderful film was seen by us yesterday evening.
Mary didn’t go to David’s birthday party because she wasn’t invited.
Were flowers and grass planted by them along the road last year
1. 特殊的被动语态
含有双宾语的被动语态
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为被动结构的主语。一般是把主动结构中的指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这样句子显得自然；若指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语前要加上介词to, for等。如：
He lent me a bike.
→ I was lent a bike ( by him )
→ A bike was lent to me ( by him )
复合宾语的被动语态
若主动句为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”这种复合宾语结构时，则只能将宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾补变成被动结构的主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang.
→ He is called Xiao Wang.
注意：
若主动句中的宾补是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时需把to补上。
They heard her sing a song at the party.
→ She was heard to sing a song at the party.
短语动词的被动语态
谓语动词为短语动词时，变为被动语态后，不能丢掉动词末尾的介（副）词。如：
She looks after her grandmother.
→ Her grandmother is looked after ( by her ).
【典例分析】
一、单项选择
1.Last Monday was Jane's birthday. Many good presents _________ to her.
A．was give B．were given C．give D．are given
2. Quan Hongchan_________ by his coach to train regularly.
A．was advised B．advises C．advised D．be advised
3.Many new tools _________ by the old worker.
A．invent B．were invented C．is invented D．has invented
4. With the help of the soldiers，a new school _________ up after the earthquake.
A．set B．sets C．is set D．was set
5.I feel very sad for that I _________ to represent our class for the speech competition.
A．didn't choose B．wasn't chosen C．am not choosing D．haven't chosen
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I’m glad to find that many trees _______ ( plant ) in our city last year.
2.His car _______ ( stop ) by the police because he drove too fast.
3.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily all the villagers _______ ( bring ) to a safe place.
4.---- Who’s the little baby in the photo, Li Ying
---- It’s me. This photo _______ ( take ) fourteen years ago.
5.---- May I use your cup, Tom
---- Sorry, it _______ ( break ) by my sister just now.
三、将下列句子改为被动语态
1.The villagers built a new bridge last year.
2.We didn’t find the lost dog at last.
3.Did they finish the work last night
4.My father bought me a new car.
5.I found them come in.
四、翻译
1. 昨晚他们被另一支队伍打败了。(be beaten)
2. 灯每天都关掉了。
3. 刘翔的比赛被记录下来，并把他和世界最优秀的运动明星进行比较。
4.昨天房间打扫得很干净。
本单元的话题是“发明”,涉及科普知识与技术等相关内容,此话题的写作体裁多为说明文。学生在写作时可以从介绍自己最喜爱的发明的特征、功能以及喜欢的理由等方面入手。
【语料积累】
一、高频短语
1.错误地;无意中 2.偶然;意外地
3.阻止……去做…… 4.突然;猛地
5.被用来…… 6.发生
7.对……有益 8.毫无疑问;的确
9.因……而出名 10.不但……而且……
二、经典句型
11.它是由特殊材料制成的。(be made of)
12.它被用来做家务活。(be used for)
13.它为我们提供不同种类的信息,因此我们能更多地了解世界。(so that)
14.毫无疑问,手机在我们日常生活中起到重要作用。(without doubt)
15.它是世界上最有用的发明之一。(one of…)
三、典句仿写
16.Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular now.
仿句: 手机在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
17.It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like in the ancient world.
仿句: 人们通过手机相互交流很方便。
18.At that time, the computer was as big as a room.
仿句: 在那时,它和建筑用砖一样大。
19.We can watch films, listen to music and read books on the phone at any time.
仿句: 我们可以随时使用它们与我们的朋友交谈。
20.I think robots will be smarter and smarter in the future.
仿句: 我相信手机会越来越薄。
【实战演练】
假设这周你们学校的英语角谈论的话题是“手机的发展史”。请你从手机的发明时间(1973年)、外观和用途等方面,和同学们谈论一下它的发展变化,并描述你对未来手机的畅想。
要求:1.语意连贯,语句通顺; 2.不少于80词。
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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Unit 6 When was it invented？
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
invent--discover-find-create
invent 发明（过去不存在的事物）、编造、捏造
discover 发现（本来就存在却不为人所知的）
find 发现、得到、找到
create 经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有。
1)create主要意思是“创造”，即产生新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可指创造出新的具体事物。
2)invent主要意思是“发明”，是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的。
invention n.发明 inventor n. 发明家
3)discover主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。
Discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者
4)find主要意思是“发现，找到丢失的人或物”，或指“感到”。
图解辨异：discover，invent
【典例分析】
1.用discover，create和invent填空
1)Gilbert ___________ electricity and Edison ___________the electric light bulb.
【答案】discovered invented
2)Could you please tell us about the four great___________（发明）of China？
【答案】inventions
3) If you could ________ something new，what product would you develop？
【答案】invent
4) He’s a real person, not __________n a dream.
【答案】invented 虚构
5) Cai Lun ___________ the paper.
【答案】invented
6)An artist should___________ beautiful things.
【答案】discover/create
7)It is people who___________ history.
【答案】create
8) I can’t ________ my bike. I’m looking for it everywhere.
【答案】find
9). Do you know who________ the plane
【答案】invented
10) He ________ quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.
【答案】created
2. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can______ more secrets of the universe.
A. travel B. discover C. look D. invent
【答案】B
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。travel旅游; discover发现; look看; invent发明。句意: 我们都盼望着那一天, 科学家们能够发现更多宇宙的奥秘。
3.We all look forward to the day when the scientists can ______ more secrets of the universe.
A. find B. find out C. discover D. look for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们都期望科学家能发现宇宙的更多秘密的那一天。
find意为“找到”，强调结果；look for意为“寻找”，强调动作。find out意为“找出，查明”，指找出事实，或者调查事情的真相。discover意为“发现”，指把原本存在不被发现的东西找出来。根据more secrets of the universe可知，表示发现更多的宇宙的秘密。故选C。
4. Dear！ Where is my watch I can’t ______ it anywhere .
A. look for B. find out C. find D. look
【答案】C. 意为“找到”，强调“找”的结果
5．Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.
A．discovered； discovered B．invented； discovered
C．invented； invented D．discovered； invented
【答案】B
【解析】句意：爱迪生发明了灯泡，哥伦布发现了美洲。
考查动词词义辨析。invent意为“发明”，主要指发明世界上原本不存在的东西；discover意为“发现”，表示发现客观上已存在的事物。根据“ the light bulb”可知，灯泡是世界上原本不存在的东西，故第一空用invented；根据“America”可知，美洲是原本已经存在的事物，故第二空用discovered。故选B。
要点2
take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
take place 不及物动词短语，意为“发生；出现”，表示(某事)按计划进行或发生
happen 不及物动词，意为“发生”，常指具体事件的发生，表示那些偶然的或未能预见的动作的发生
【拓展】
take 相关的词组：
take off 脱下，起飞 take away 带走 take in 让……进入，接受
take over 接管 take down 记下 take care of 照顾
take out取出 take up 开始从事 take part in 参加
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【答案】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【答案】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【答案】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【答案】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【答案】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
6. The 1st National Youth Games _________ in Fuzhou in 2015.
A. takes place B. took place C. is taken place D. was taken place
【答案】B
【解析】本小题考查动词的语态及时态。take place是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态中；根据时间状语in 2015可知，要用一般过去时，故选B。
要点3
not only...but also...的用法
①not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,即遵循“就近原则”。其中also有时可省略,有时在连接句子时也可省略but甚至but also。not only...but also...连接句子时,not only 可以置于句首表示强调,这时第一分句要采用倒装结构。例如:
Not only I but also my mother is proud of my success.
不仅我,我的妈妈也为我的成功而自豪。
②类似的结构:
(1)either...or...“或者……或者……,要么……要么……”,连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。例如:
Either you or I am wrong.要么是你错了,要么是我错了。
(2)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。例如:
Neither I nor you are wrong.你和我都没错。
【典例分析】
一、用not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and 完成句子
1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
【答案】not only but also
2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
【答案】Neither nor have seen
3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
【答案】either or
4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
【答案】Neither nor
5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
【答案】Not only but also was / Both and were
6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
【答案】either or
7. 他不仅仅是我的老师，而且是我的朋友。
He's ________ ________ my teacher ________ my friend.
【答案】not only; but also
8. Not only the students but also the teacher ________ invited.
A. was B. were C. am D. are
【答案】A 当not only... but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近它的主语保持一致。
9—Who went to the graduation party last night, Mary
—Almost everyone did. lots of students Ms. Wang appeared at the party.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not; but
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词短语辨析。句意:“玛丽,昨晚谁参加了毕业晚会 ”“几乎每个人都去了。不仅有很多学生,而且王老师也出现在了聚会上。”not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”;neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……;两者都不”;either…or…意为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”;not…but…意为“不是……而是……”。根据句意可知选A。
要点4 look up to
look up to意为“（尤指对年长者）敬仰，钦佩，仰慕”。
Children should look up to their parents.
Who would look up to us
【拓展】look 的相关短语：
look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息
look for寻找
look over(医生)仔细检查
look around 环顾四周
look after照看
look at 看……
look down on 看不起
【典例分析】
1.Some teenagers the movie stars and dream of being a person like them.
A. look down upon B. look up to C. look out of D. look through
【答案】B
【解析】结合本题语境可知,许多青少年仰慕电影明星,梦想成为像他们一样的人,故look up to符合题意。
2. Lily didn’t come to school yesterday because she had to ______ her sick mother at home.
A. look after B. look over C. look up D. look like
【答案】A 莉莉昨天没来上学，因为她得在家照顾生病的母亲。A. look after 照顾
B. look over 仔细检查 C. look up查阅 D. look like看起来像。
3. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
A. look around B. look into C. look forward to D. look through
【答案】D A. look around环视 B. look into 调查 C. look forward to期待 D. look through 浏览。故D符合题意。
4.—I don’t know the new word.
—It doesn’t matter, you can ________ in the dictionary.
A．look up it B．look it up C．look for it
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不认识这个生词，没关系，你可以在字典里查一下它。
考查动词短语的辨析。look for的意思是“寻找”；look up的意思是“查字典”，跟代词时应该放在look与up的中间，因此，答案为B项。
5.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”
—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
【答案】D 用短语辨析法解题。look at 看……；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查找。结合句意可知，“在词典中查找单词”。
6.When you don’t know a word，you can________ in the dictionary．
A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up
【答案】考查固定短语。 A. look it up查单词；B. set it up 建立；C. give it up放弃；D. pick it up 拾起；句意：当你不知道这个单词的意思时，请查个字典，故选A项。
7. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A．look for B．look at C．look up D．look after
【答案】A．look for 寻找 B．look at看 C．look up 查阅 D．look after照顾。根据句意选D。
8. Here is the book. First ________ it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
【答案】B look into观察，窥视；look through浏览，温习；look up向上看，查阅；look after照顾，关心。句意：书在这里。先浏览一遍，然后告诉我你觉得怎么样。结合语境可知选B。
要点5
fall down、fall off、fall into、fall behind
fall down和fall off都表示“摔倒、跌倒”的意思，但它们各自的含义不同。
fall down强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接从哪里摔下时应加上介词from。
例如：
The boy hit the tree to hard that he fell down.
男孩重重地撞在树上，结果自己倒下了。
fall off强调的是“跌落、从……掉下来”，后直接接宾语。
例如:The girl is falling off the bike. = The girl is falling down from the bike.
女孩正从自行车上摔下来。
fall into表示“掉入......”
例如： The naughty boy fell into the pool yesterday.
昨天那个淘气的小男孩掉进了池塘。
fall behind表示“落后”，常指在成绩、速度方面比不上别人
例如：Tom fell behind his classmates in Maths last year.
去年汤姆在数学上落后于他的同学。
【典例分析】
1.我看到他从马上掉了下来。
I saw him_________ his horse.
【答案】fall off
2.如果你不努力学习，你会落后于他人的。
If you don’t study hard, you will_________ others.
【答案】fall behind
3.掉进河里的那个女孩最后被救了。
The girl who _________ the river was saved in the end.
【答案】fell into
4.老房子在地震中倒塌了。
The old house __________in the earthquake.
【答案】fell down
5.The boy the river. He wasn’t pulled out of the water a strong man appeared.
A. fell into, after B .fell into, until C. fell down, until D. fell down, after
【答案】C
【解析】fall into 掉到里面。not。。。until直到。。。才。
要点6
pleasure的用法
作为不可数名词，意为“愉悦；快乐”。
Doing sports gives me great pleasure.
锻炼给我带来很多快乐。
with pleasure!乐意效劳!
当别人请求你做某事,你很乐意去做的时候,用“ With pleasure!"回答,且用于事情发生之前。pleasure作名词,意为“高兴;愉快”
★ ——Could you help me carry the box 你可以帮我搬这个箱子吗？
——With pleasure!乐意效劳!
“It's a pleasure."和“My pleasure.”意为“不客气/不用谢这是我的荣幸”，用于事情发生后
★——Thank you very much.非常感谢你。
——It’s a pleasure./ My pleasure.不用谢。
★ ——It is very nice of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。
——My pleasure.这是我的荣幸。
【知识拓展】
1.其形容词pleasant,意为“令人愉快的；宜人的等”。常作定语或表语，多用来修饰事物。
It’s always pleasant to do what we’re good at doing.
做我们自己擅长的事情总是令人愉快的。
2.其形容词pleased,意为“高兴的；满意的”，常作表语，多用来修饰人。
常用于以下短语中：
①be pleased to do sth. “很高兴做某事”
Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny.
做任何事情都要很高兴，即使它是一件很小的事情。
②be pleased with sb./sth. “对某人/某事很满意”
The little boy is a good boy, his mother is pleased with him.
小男孩儿是个好孩子，他的妈妈对他很满意。
【典例分析】
1.—Helen, could you please water the flowers in my garden
— . They are so lovely.
A. That's too bad B. With pleasure C. You're welcome D. I'm afraid not
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。That's too bad意为“太糟糕了”; With pleasure意为“我很乐意效劳”,用来回答对方的请求;You're welcome意为“不客气”;I'm afraid not意为“我恐怕不能”。问句“你能浇一下我花园里的花吗 ”是请求对方的帮助,根据答语后一句可知前一句表示“很乐意”。故选B。
2. —What do you think of your trip to Hainan
—Wonderful. We were all ________with the ________trip.
A. pleased; pleasant B. pleasant; pleased
C. pleasing; pleased D. pleasant; pleasing
【答案】A句意：——你觉得你去海南的旅行怎么样？——棒极了。我们都很满意这次令人愉快的旅行。
be pleased with表示“对……满意”，是固定短语，另外pleased一般修饰人，此处修饰we；pleasant“令人愉快的”一般用来修饰事物，此处修饰trip。所以本题选A。
点评：对于please“请”、pleased“高兴”、pleasant“令人愉快的”、pleasing“令人愉快的”和pleasure“快乐”不论从词性上，还是从用法上都应该注意区分。
3.— Thank you for doing that.
__________.
A. With pleasure B. I am pleased C. My pleasure D. With a pleasure
【答案】C
【解析】当别人请求你做某事,你很乐意去做的时候,用“ With pleasure!"回答,且用于事情发生之前。“It's a pleasure."和“My pleasure.”意为“不客气/不用谢这是我的荣幸”，用于事情发生后。故答案 选C
4.用please的适当形式填空
1). —Thank you for coming to see me.
—It’s a ____________.
2). He is very ____________ to see the progress we are making.
3). We spent a very ____________ evening.
【答案】1）pleasure 2）pleased 3）pleasant
5.我很高兴认识他。
I’m _________ __________ know him.
【答案】pleased
6.老师对我们的家庭作业感到满意
The teacher _________ _________ ___________ our homework.
【答案】is pleased with
7.从他人手中收到礼物是一件令人高兴的事。
__________ __________ _____________to receive a gift from others.
【答案】It’s a pleasure
8.他动人的微笑取悦了我。
His nice smile ___________ me.
【答案】pleases
要点7 enough
（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如：
The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如：
The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
【拓展】
（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如：
I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：
He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you get the present
—No, I got there but there weren't .
A. enough early; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough presents B. early enough; enough presents
C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough
【答案】B
【解析】 句意：——你得到礼品了吗？——没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够……，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用early enough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enough presents，故选B。
2.As teenagers, we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re ______to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes.
A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough
【答案】C
【解析】句意： 作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据 We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故选C。
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough
【答案】D
【解析】形容词/副词+enough for sb”对某人来说足够……. 这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D
4.这个房间已经足够干净了。
The room is ___________________________.
【答案】clean enough
5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。
The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.
=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.
【答案】so that strong enough to carry “形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……可以与so。。。that 进行句式转换。
6.他年龄够大能上学。
He is __________ __________ to go to school.
=He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.
【答案】old enough so that。“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……
要点8 include
include 包含；包括
①include:包括,包含,及物动词 include sth.包括某事在内 include前面要有主语的．
例如：The price includes postage charges. 价格包括邮费在内。
I include eggs on the list of things to buy. 我在要买的货单上包括了鸡蛋。
②including一般用在逗号后面，这个是标志，或者是冒号的前面，总之，是用标点隔开用的，但是有的时候它也是可以放在句子中的．including是介词,不是动词.
例如：The band played many songs, including some of my favourite songs.
这个乐队唱了很多的歌,包括我喜欢的一些歌
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I have much work to do,__________ ____________ meals and cleaning the house.
【答案】including cooking。including是介词引导的介词短语在句中作状语，起补充说明的作用，前面可用逗号隔开。
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My work __________ __________ meals, cleaning the house and so on.
【答案】includes。include是及物动词，在句中作谓语
3. I have to make breakfast for five people，____me.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
【答案】B 此题用语法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一个完整的句子，排除A与C两项。including介词，意为“包括”，与后面的代词me构成介词短语。
4. Congratulations! Most of you have passed the final exam, Tony ________.
A. including B. include C. includes D. included
【答案】D
【解析】including为介词，和其后的名词、代词或动词的 ing形式构成介宾短语；include为动词，在句中作谓语；included为形容词，用在名词或代词后，including ＋名词/代词＝名词/代词＋included。
要点9
at the end of/ by the end of/in the end
（1）at the end of 意为“在……末尾，在……尽头”，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。例如：
The hospital is at the end of the road．医院就在路的尽头。
He will come to see you at the end of this month．这个月底他要来看你。
（2）by the end of 意为“到……为止，在……以前”，常与过去完成时连用。例如：
He had finished the work by the end of last month．
上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。
（3）in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
（4）at the end of
at the end of...在……的结尾;在……的末端
Children put stockings at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.
孩子们睡觉前将长筒袜放在他们的床尾。
【易混辨析】 in the end, at last与 finally
in the end 表示“经过许多变化之后某事才发生”。in the end 常用于一般过去式。
at last 不指时间的顺序，而是用来表示“经过困难、周折、等候或耽误了很长时间之后才发生某事”,语气比较强烈
finally ①列举事物论点时，可用来引出最后一项内容; ②用在句中的动词前面，表示“等了好久才……”
【典例分析】
1.史密斯先生的家在这条路的尽头。
Are there any exams ___________ this term
【答案】at the end of 在……的结尾 接时间。
2.这个学期期末有考试吗？
My room is ______________ the corridor.
【答案】 at the end of 在……的末端 接地点。
3.到本学期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。
__________________ this term, we_____________ 2000 English words.
【答案】By the end of have learned
4.他终走到达这条街道的尽头。
__________, he reached_________________ the street.
【答案】 In the end at the end of
5. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
【答案】B句意：我们通常在每一年的六月底又一次期末考试。考查易混短语辨析。根据：in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，强调结果一般不与of连用。at the end：在……的末端；在……的后期；既指某一段时间的后期，也指某一地点的末端。一般与of连用。by the end：到……末时为止；强调时间概念，一般也与of连用。故选B。
6.__________, He succeeded in getting the job.
A．in the end B．at the end of C．by the end of D．to the end
【答案】A句意，最后他得到这个工作。in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后。故答案选A
要点10
mention及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后可接名词、代词、动词ing形式或that从句作宾语。
例：He mentioned some environmental problems in his report
他在他的报告里提到了一些环境问题。
Linda mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad，
琳达在她的信中提到，她打算出国。
知识拓展
don't mention it意为“不用谢，别客气”，用于回答别人的感谢。
例：-Thanks a lot 多谢。
-Don't mention it. 不客气。
【典例分析】
1.我向他提起这个主意，他似乎很喜欢。
I_______ ______ ______ _____ him, and he seemed to like it.
【答案】mentioned this idea to
2.非常感谢！小事不值一提(不用谢)。
Thank you！ _________ _________ _______.
【答案】Don’t mention it
3.他从未向我提及他有个女朋友。
He never _______ _______ _______ ________ he had a girl friend
【答案】mentioned to me that
4.— What did he say about his parents in his letter
—He didn’t ______ his parents in the letter.
A. admire B. notice C. mention D. miss
【答案】C
【解析】他在信中对父母说了些什么？-他在信中没有提到他的父母。 Mention提及符合题意。
5.—Thank you very much for giving me some advice on how to deal with stress.
— .
A. That's true B. Don't mention it C.OK. I'll try D.I don't think so
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“非常感谢在怎么处理压力方面给我一些建议。”“不用客气。”That's true意为“那是真的”;Don't mention it意为“不客气”,用来回答别人的感谢;OK. I'll try意为“好的,我会尝试的”;I don't think so意为“我认为不是这样的”。由上一句的“Thank you very much”可知应该回答“不客气”,故选B。
要点11
some time意为“一段时间”。
I will stay here for some time.
辨析：some time, sometimes, some times与sometime
词（组） 意思 用法
Some time 一段时间 常常与延续性动词连用，对它提问用how long
sometimes 有时 表示动作发生的频率，多余一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often
Some times 几次，几倍 其中time是可数 名词，对它提问用how many times
sometime 某事 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when
例：They have been in our school for sometime，
他们已经在我们的学校待了一段时间了。
Well take our holiday sometime in August. 我们将在八月的某个时候休假。
Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday. 星期天他有时去看电影。
I have been to Qingdao for some times. 我已经去过青岛几次了。
【典例分析】
1.请用sometime, sometimes, some time和some times适当的单词或词组填空：
1）I will see you ___________ in the future.
2）We tried it for ___________, but we still can’t do it.
3）It will take ____________, not too long.
4）It rained ______________ in Beijing in autumn.
【答案】 sometime, some times, some time, from time to time/ sometimes
2.I looked at my watch _______ to make sure I was not late.
A. from time to time B. in time C. at the same time D. on time
【答案】A句意：我不时的看我的手表，以确保没有迟到。考查介词短语。A. from time to time不时、有时=sometimes；B. in time及时；C. at the same time同时；D. on time准时、按时。根据句意“我不时的看我的手表，以确保没有迟到。”结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
3. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
【答案】A
【解析】句意：也许我们的英语老师今天会要求我们某个时候完成作业，但我想他有时会忘了，因为他太忙了。答案B符合题意。
4. —When will you leave London for Washington
—______ next week.
A. Some time B. Sometime C. Some times D. Sometimes
【答案】B
【解析】你什么时候离开伦敦去华盛顿？-下周某个时候。
5. I have waited for you for __________.
A. Some time B. Sometime C. Some times D. Sometimes
【答案】A
【解析】some time 一段时间。我等了你一段时间
要点12
encourage的用法
（1）作为及物动词，意为“鼓励”。常用于encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
Our teachers always encourage us to study hard.
我们的老师们总是鼓励我们好好学习。
（2）其形容词encouraging,意为“令人鼓舞的；振奋人心的等”。
It is an encouraging letter.这是一封鼓舞人心的信。
（3）其名词encouragement,意为“鼓励；鼓舞”。
We need all the supports and encouragements from our parents.
我们需要来自于我们父母的一切支持和鼓励。
(4)courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.Betty often feels lonely. I'll encourage her _____ friends with others.
A．make B．made C．to make D．making
【答案】C encourage sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事。
2. Mr. Liu encouraged us ________ (speak) English as much as possible.
【答案】encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事，故填 to speak
3.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。
【答案】encourages us to
4. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed!
A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage
【答案】本题考查名词辨析。will意为“意志；决心”，fun意为“娱乐；乐趣”，pride意为“自豪感；骄傲”，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，结合语境可知应选D。
5.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
【答案】本题考查动词的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选D。
要点13
“It is said that从句”是含有that从句的一种复合句， 式主语是it， that引导的从句作真正的主语，意为“据说......”，相当于People say that....
使用该句型时， that从句的谓语动词可根据需要用各种时态，
例：It is said that they have won the game. 据说他们已经赢得了那场比赛。
It is said that they will go abroad soon. 据说， 他们不久将要出国。
类似的句型还有：
It is reported that... 据报道......
It is(well) known that... 众所周知......
It is believed that... 人们认为.....
It is supposed that... 据猜测.....
【典例分析】
1.据说这位著名的歌星下周将来我们这座城市。
the famous singer will come to our city next week.
【答案】It is said
2.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。
It _______ _______ ________ China is famous for the Great Wall.
【答案】.is known that
3. 人们认为这个男孩儿未来会成为一名好的管理者。
________ ________ ________ that this boy will be a good manager _______ ________ ________.
【答案】It is believed in the future
4. It ________ that Donald Trump has been chosen as American president.
A．says B．said C．is said D．saying
【答案】C
【解析】it is said 据说，听说。当我们不知道动作的执行者或无需知道动作的执行者时常用被动语态。这种句式就是这种用法。类似还有 it is believed that /it is known that等。
要点14 until
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
【答案】didn’t solve until
2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
【答案】didn’t go until
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
【答案】until
4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called．
A．and B．until C．although D．since
【答案】B。考查连词的用法。句意：“请问，现在轮到我了吗？”“还没有。请在椅子上等着，直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”；until意为“直到……”；until 直到，肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”；since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
【答案】A句意：昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义，故选A。
6. We ______ until he came back.
A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait
【答案】 C .until 直到，用于否定句中表示“直到。。。才”主句谓语动词可用非延续性动词。B否定形式错误，要用didn’t leave。
要点15
Make +sb.+ adj.意为“使某人......".形容词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态、性质、特征等.
例：The loud noise at night real made some old people angry.
晚上巨大的噪音真的使一些老年人很生气。
知识拓展"make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"结构
make + 宾语 + 名词 使、让某人/某物（成为）…… We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他做我们足球队队长。
make + 宾语 + 不带to的动词不定式 使某人做某事 Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 我们老师使我们感到更自信了。
make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事（变得）…… We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。（当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语）
make + 宾语 + 现在分词 使某人/某物一直处于某种状态 You shouldn’t' t make the guests waiting for so long there. 你不该让客人在那里久等。
make+宾语+过去分词 使某人/某事被…… The man spoke loudly to make himself heard. 那个人大声地讲以便使自己被听见。
make + 宾语 + 介词短语 使某人/某物（变得）…… He made the computer in a good condition again. 他把电脑修好了。
【典例分析】
1. Could you please tell me _____
A. how can I make the machine work B. how I can make the machine work
C. how I can make the machine to work D. how can I make the machine to work
【答案】宾语从句后面要用陈述句语序。故A，D排除。Make 。。。do 用动词原形。故答案选A。
2. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
（1）我的宠物常常使我高兴。
My pet often ________ _______ _________.
（2）昨天我们选他当班长。
We ________ ________ ________ yesterday.
【答案】（1）makes me happy 形容词作宾语补助语。 （2）made him monitor 名词作不要补助语。
要点15
1)stop to do sth.表示停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事情。
2)stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情
3)stop...(from) doing sth.意为“阻止......做某事”
例：It’s hard to stop people going shopping online. 阻止人们网上购物是很难的。
知识拓展
“阻止......做某事”还可用keep (prevent) from doing sth.
例：We should keep the teenagers from smoking.
我们应该阻止青少年吸烟。
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你看起来很累，你必须停止工作。stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情。符合题意。
2.You look so tired. Why not _____ a rest
A. stop having B. to stop have C. stop to have D. to stop to have
【答案】
【解析】句意：你看起来很累。为什么不停下来休息一下呢？ stop to do sth.表示停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事情。故答案选C
3.We should stop people from _______ down many trees.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts
【答案】
【解析】stop sb. from doing sth.是固定句式，意为“阻止某人做某事”。
4.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
【答案】
【解析】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。
5.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
【答案】stopped him from going
要点16 the number of/ a number of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：被邀请参加聚会的人数是五十人，但由于种种原因，许多人都缺席了。
考查主谓一致。根据A number of大量、很多；后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式；The number of……的数字/数目；当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。结合“people”，故选C。
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a 和 an两种形式，其中 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前；而定冠词只有the一种形式；根据空后number of 和“a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法: 1、the number of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 2、a number of意思是“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数，”结合句意可知，此空应填定冠词the，故选C。
3.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
【答案】C
【解析】主谓一致法。a number of books意为“大量的书”，可知句子的谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选C
4. the doctors in this hospital is 200, and them are men doctors.
A. A number of; the number of B.A number of; a number of
C. The number of; the number of D. The number of; a number of
【答案】D
【解析】考查the number of和 a number of的区别。the number of意为“……的数量”;a number of意为“很多”。根据句意可知选D。
要点17 accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two men died in the traffic accident. 两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by accident = by chance 意为“偶然地，无意中地”。 例如：
He met one of his classmates in the street by accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My father met one of his old friends at the station _________ __________.
2. Luckily, he was not badly hurt in the a__________（根据首字母填词）
【答案】1.by accident 2.accident
3.I found Lisa's bag in the playground accident. I picked it up and returned it to her.
A. for B. with C. of D.by
【答案】D
【解析】by accident是固定搭配,意为“意外地”。
要点17 achieve
achieve的用法
achieve意为“实现;达到;获得”时,一般只用作及物动词,通常以目标、目的、胜利、地位等作宾语,指排除各种困难、障碍而完成宏伟的目标或赢得胜利,如achieve a goal“实现目标”,achieve a dream“实现梦想”,achieve success“获得成功”。其同义短语为不及物动词短语come true,意为“实现”,一般由物(理想、愿望等) 作主语。例如:
My dream has come true.我的理想已经实现了。
2.achieve的名词形式为achievement,意为“成就;业绩;实现;达到”。例如:
We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.
当到达山顶时,我们感到很有成就感。
辨析achieve与come true
achieve 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是人
come true 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是梦想等
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
要点18 doubt
doubt用作名词，意为“疑惑，疑问”。常用短语：without doubt意为“毫无疑问；的确”；no doubt意为“无疑；确实地”.
A sudden doubt came to my mind.
He is without doubt the cleverest student I have ever taught.
拓展
doubt还可用作动词，意为“怀疑”。后可接名词、代词、if/whether/ that从句等做宾语。
典例 He doubted Jim, since he was ever dishonest.
There is no room for doubt.(名词)没有怀疑的余地。
I had no reason to doubt him.(动词)我没有理由怀疑他。
名言 Doubt is the key to knowledge.怀疑是知识的钥匙。
【典例分析】
1.His books are popular in China. It will be doubt translated different languages.
A. with, to B. without, to C. with, into D. without, into
2. He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.
A. hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查动词辨析。hear听; doubt怀疑; repeat重复; believe相信。根据句意“他是一个诚实的男孩。我没有理由去 他说的话”可知选B。
3. 毫无疑问，他是我们学校最优秀的老师。
He is ________ ________ the best teacher in our school.
＝________ ________ _________ ________ he is the best teacher in our school.
【答案】without doubt \It is no doubt
要点19 mistake
mistake的用法
(1) 名词，错误
(2) 动词，把……错当成 ……mistake.. for. 把......错认成
(3) 动词，误会；误解
(4) 短语，by mistake 错误地
词组：make mistakes 犯错误
【典例分析】
指出下面mistake的意义。
1.There are a lot of spelling mistakes in your article.
【答案】句意：在你的文章中有许多拼写错误。mistake 可数名词，错误
2.He was mistaken for the minister.
【答案】句意：他被错当成牧师了。 mistake for动词，把……错当成……
3.You mistook my meaning entirely.
【答案】句意：你完全误解了我的意思。mistake动词，误会；误解。
4.I took your bag by mistake.
【答案】句意：我错拿了你的包。短语，by mistake 错误地
5.—I wore sports shoes to the dancing party yesterday evening ________ mistake!
—Oh，dear，you must be very embarrassed at the ball！
A．by B．for C．in D．of
【答案】by mistake 错误地。固定搭配。
6. Dennis was in a hurry to leave, so he picked up the wrong hat _________.
A. in time B. in person C. by mistake D. by hand
【答案】C
【解析】本小题考查固定搭配词义辨析。in time意为“及时”；in person意为“亲自”；by mistake意为“错误
地；无意中”；by hand意为“手工”。根据“丹尼斯匆忙地离开”可知，他“无意中”拿错了帽子，故选C。
要点20
smell n.气味 v.发出…气味;闻到
典例 Bob and Sally hate the smell of onions.(名词)鲍勃和萨莉讨厌洋葱的气味。
Dinner smells good.(动词)晚饭闻起来很香。
The dog smelt a rabbit.(动词)狗嗅到了兔子的气味
一句辨义 The boy smelt the bottle, and there was a strange smell.
这个男孩闻了闻这个瓶子,有一种奇怪的气味。
注意 smell的过去式为 smelled或 smelt;过去分词为 smelled或 smelt。
拓展：smell作系动词，意为“闻到……的味道， 闻起来”，后接形容词作表语。
类似的还有:
taste 尝起来……
look.....看起来
sound......听起来 + adj
smell.....闻起来
feel.....摸起来,感觉
【典例分析】
1. Let’s keep all the windows open. The _________ in the office is really terrible.
A. style B. shape C. smell D. space
【答案】C
【解析】本小题考查名词词义辨析。style意为“样式”；shape意为“形状”；smell意为“气味”；space意为“空间”。根据“让所有的窗户都开着吧”可知，办公室里的“气味”难闻，故选C。
2.Coffee is ready. How nice it___！
A．smells B．sounds C．feels D. becomes
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：咖啡准备好了，它闻起来多好！A. smells闻起来；B. sounds听起来； C. feels摸起来； D. becomes成为。根据形容词nice，可知动词应该是系动词；根据前面提到的是咖啡，所以应该是闻起来。故选A。
3. —Does the soup _________ nice
—Yes. It’s hot, but really delicious.
A. sound B. feel C. look D. smell
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——这个汤闻起来好喝吗？——是的，它很热，但是很美味。
考查动词。sound 听起来；feel感觉，摸起来；look 看起来；smell闻起来。根据句意可知，soup是汤，应该是尝起来美味，故选D。
4．—Does the soup _________ nice
—Yes. It’s hot, but really delicious.
A．sound B．feel C．look D．taste
【答案】D
【解析】句意：-这个汤尝起来好喝吗？-是的，它很热，但是美味。sound 听起来；feel感觉，摸起来；look 看起来；taste尝起来。根据句意可知，soup是汤，应该是尝起来美味，故应选D。
要点21 remain
remain作不及物动词,意为“剩下,留下, 停留”。例如:
Nothing remained in his house after the big earthquake.大地震后他家什么也没剩下。
2.remain作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,后跟形容词、名词等。例如:
The boy remained silent all the time in class.那个男孩子在课堂上一直保持沉默。
【典例分析】
1.--Why did you speak in such a loud voice
--Because they didn’t _________ silent in the classroom.
A .remained silence B. remain silently C. remain silent D. remain silence
【答案】C
【解析】remain 保持这里是系动词，后面接形容词。
2.The leaves ________ in the water for a long time.
A. came B. remained C. lived D. arrived
【答案】B
【解析】本题用词义辨析法解题。come来；remain保持，留下；live居住；arrive到达。根据for a long time可知树叶在水中停留了很长时间。
【重点词组】
1. have a point 有道理 2. by accident 偶然；意外地
3. take place 发生；出现 4. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确
5. all of a sudden 突然; 猛地 6. by mistake 错误地；无意中
7. divide ... into 把 分开 8. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
9. less than 少于；不到 10. at the same time 同时
11. in the way 这样 12. since then 自从那以后
13. It is said that 据说 14. It is believed that 人们相信
e up with 想出 16. translate…into… 把……翻译成……
17. lead to 导致 18. in the end=at last=finally 最后
19. in my daily life 在我的日常生活中 20. think of 想到；考虑
21. fall into=drop into 掉进 22. at a low price 以很低的价格
【重点句式】
1.看起来你说的确实有道理。
You do seem to have a point.
2.地震突然发生了。
The earthquake happened all of a sudden.
3.这台冰箱以低价出售。
The fridge was sold at a low price.
4.从中国到西方国家的茶贸易发生在19世纪。
The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
5. 这本书被翻译成不同的语言。
The book was translated into different languages.
6.带特殊鞋跟的鞋子是用来改变鞋子的款式的。
Shoes with special heels are used for changing the style of the shoes.
7. 那里列举了不同发明的先锋。
The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.
8. 我们的父母建议我们不要独自外出。
Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
9.世界上最受欢迎的饮料是无意中被发明的。
The most popular drink in the world was invented by accident/chance.
10你知道薯条是无意间被发明的吗？
Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake
11.这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。
These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
12茶树上的叶子掉进了水里并且停留了一段时间。
Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.
13毫无疑问中国人是最了解茶的本质的人。
The Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
14.据说一位名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可作为饮料的。
It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
15. 他们需要阻止与自己竞争的队把球投进他们自己的篮筐。
They need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was / were + 及物动词的过去分词（+ by） + 其他”。其否定式是在was/ were后加not；一般疑问式是把was/ were放到句首。如：
A wonderful film was seen by us yesterday evening.
Mary didn’t go to David’s birthday party because she wasn’t invited.
Were flowers and grass planted by them along the road last year
1. 特殊的被动语态
含有双宾语的被动语态
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为被动结构的主语。一般是把主动结构中的指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这样句子显得自然；若指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语前要加上介词to, for等。如：
He lent me a bike.
→ I was lent a bike ( by him )
→ A bike was lent to me ( by him )
复合宾语的被动语态
若主动句为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”这种复合宾语结构时，则只能将宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾补变成被动结构的主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang.
→ He is called Xiao Wang.
注意：
若主动句中的宾补是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时需把to补上。
They heard her sing a song at the party.
→ She was heard to sing a song at the party.
短语动词的被动语态
谓语动词为短语动词时，变为被动语态后，不能丢掉动词末尾的介（副）词。如：
She looks after her grandmother.
→ Her grandmother is looked after ( by her ).
【典例分析】
一、单项选择
1.Last Monday was Jane's birthday. Many good presents _________ to her.
A．was give B．were given C．give D．are given
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词语态辨析。复数人称presents（礼物）和动词give（给）是被动关系，需用“are/were done”被动语态结构，可排除AC两项。根据Last Monday可知是一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
2. Quan Hongchan_________ by his coach to train regularly.
A．was advised B．advises C．advised D．be advised
【答案】
【解析】句意：全红婵的教练建议他定期训练。考查动词语态辨析。advise建议。根据by his coach可知，Quan Hongchan是动词advise的受动者，需用“be done”被动语态结构，可排除BC两项。Sun Yang是单数第三人称，系词需用was，故选A。
3.Many new tools _________ by the old worker.
A．invent B．were invented C．is invented D．has invented
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这位老工人发明了许多新工具。考查动词语态辨析。复数人称tools（工具）和动词invent（发明）是被动关系，需用“are/were done”被动语态结构，可排除ACD三项。根据句意可知是一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
4. With the help of the soldiers，a new school _________ up after the earthquake.
A．set B．sets C．is set D．was set
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在士兵们的帮助下，地震后建了一所新学校。考查动词语态辨析。set建立/建造。a new school是动词set的受动者，需用“be done”被动语态结构，可排除AB两项。根据句意语境，可知set是发生在过去的动作，需用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
5.I feel very sad for that I _________ to represent our class for the speech competition.
A．didn't choose B．wasn't chosen C．am not choosing D．haven't chosen
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我感到很难过，因为我没有被选中代表我们班参加演讲比赛。
考查动词语态辨析。I和动词choose（挑选）是被动关系，需用“was done”被动语态结构；根据I feel very sad可知是“没有选中”，故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I’m glad to find that many trees _______ ( plant ) in our city last year.
2.His car _______ ( stop ) by the police because he drove too fast.
3.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily all the villagers _______ ( bring ) to a safe place.
4.---- Who’s the little baby in the photo, Li Ying
---- It’s me. This photo _______ ( take ) fourteen years ago.
5.---- May I use your cup, Tom
---- Sorry, it _______ ( break ) by my sister just now.
【答案】1.were planted 2. was stopped 3. were brought 4. was taken 5. was broken
三、将下列句子改为被动语态
1.The villagers built a new bridge last year.
2.We didn’t find the lost dog at last.
3.Did they finish the work last night
4.My father bought me a new car.
5.I found them come in.
【答案】1.A new bridge was built by the villagers last year.
2.The lost dog wasn’t found by us at last.
3.Was the work finished by them last night
4.I was bought a new car by my father. / A new car was bought to me by my father.
5.They were found to come in by me.
四、翻译
1. 昨晚他们被另一支队伍打败了。(be beaten)
【答案】they were beaten by the other team yesterday.
2. 灯每天都关掉了。
【答案】The lights are turned off every day.
3. 刘翔的比赛被记录下来，并把他和世界最优秀的运动明星进行比较。
【答案】Liu Xiang’s races was recorded , and he was compared with the world’s best sports stars.
4.昨天房间打扫得很干净。
【答案】The room was cleaned up yesterday
本单元的话题是“发明”,涉及科普知识与技术等相关内容,此话题的写作体裁多为说明文。学生在写作时可以从介绍自己最喜爱的发明的特征、功能以及喜欢的理由等方面入手。
【语料积累】
一、高频短语
1.错误地;无意中 2.偶然;意外地
3.阻止……去做…… 4.突然;猛地
5.被用来…… 6.发生
7.对……有益 8.毫无疑问;的确
9.因……而出名 10.不但……而且……
二、经典句型
11.它是由特殊材料制成的。(be made of)
12.它被用来做家务活。(be used for)
13.它为我们提供不同种类的信息,因此我们能更多地了解世界。(so that)
14.毫无疑问,手机在我们日常生活中起到重要作用。(without doubt)
15.它是世界上最有用的发明之一。(one of…)
三、典句仿写
16.Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular now.
仿句: 手机在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
17.It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like in the ancient world.
仿句: 人们通过手机相互交流很方便。
18.At that time, the computer was as big as a room.
仿句: 在那时,它和建筑用砖一样大。
19.We can watch films, listen to music and read books on the phone at any time.
仿句: 我们可以随时使用它们与我们的朋友交谈。
20.I think robots will be smarter and smarter in the future.
仿句: 我相信手机会越来越薄。
【语料积累】
Ⅰ.1.by mistake 2.by accident 3.stop…from… 4.all of a sudden
5.be used for 6.take place 7.be good for 8.without doubt
9.be famous for 10.not only…but also…
Ⅱ.11.It is made of special materials. 12.It is used for doing housework.
13.It provides us with different kinds of information so that we can know more about the world.
14.Without doubt, the mobile phone plays an important part in our daily life.
15.It’s one of the most useful inventions in the world.
Ⅲ.16.Mobile phones are becoming more and more important in our daily life.
17.It’s convenient for people to communicate with each other by mobile phone.
18.At that time, it was as large as a building brick.
19.We can use them to talk with our friends at any time.
20.I believe that mobile phones will become thinner and thinner.
【实战演练】
假设这周你们学校的英语角谈论的话题是“手机的发展史”。请你从手机的发明时间(1973年)、外观和用途等方面,和同学们谈论一下它的发展变化,并描述你对未来手机的畅想。
要求:1.语意连贯,语句通顺; 2.不少于80词。
【习作展示】
Mobile phones are becoming more and more important in our daily life. It’s convenient for people to communicate with each other by mobile phone. Do you know the history of mobile phones
The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. At that time, it was as large as a building brick and much heavier than the mobile phone today. Mobile phones have many uses. For example, we can use them to talk with our friends at any time. We can also use them to take photos or listen to music.
I believe that mobile phones will become thinner and thinner and that smartphones will take the place of computers in the future.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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