中考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Imagine-you are running to catch a train, only to find that you forgot to bring your ID card! There is no way you can get on the train without it. Don’t worry. In the near future, people will just need a digital ID on their smartphones.
On March 11, 2022, at a two sessions news conference（两会记者招待会）, Premier Li Keqiang said that the government would introduce a digital version（版本）of the national ID cards this year. One aim is to better meet the basic living needs of more than 100 million people who live away from their home provinces. These people have to go to school or work at different places rather than their homes. Sometimes to show that “I am who I am”, they have to run back and rush between provinces to provide ID．It is a waste of time, money and manpower, noted The Paper.
Digital ID cards can allow relevant（相关的）information to be gotten by a simple scan（扫描）with a smartphone, said Premier Li. The government would also provide convenience for people who do not use smartphones, especially the old. The safety and privacy（隐私）of people’s information would also be taken note of, said the Premier.
In fact, China’s Ministry of Public Security started a pilot trial（初步试验）of digital IDs in 2018. It allowed people in cities including Quzhou, Hangzhou and Fuzhou to apply for digital national IDs on Alipay, reported China National Radio. The digital ID could be used to open bank accounts（账户）, check into hotels and buy high-speed railway tickets, among other things.
China gave out its first ID card in 1984. The current ID card is the second-generation（代）version, with an embedded chip（内嵌芯片）and digital encryption（加密）. The ID number is made up of 18 numbers standing for the holder’s birthplace, birth date and gender（性别）.
1．In the near future, people will have a digital ID ________.
A．on the train B．on a smartphone
C．in the hand D．in their home provinces
2．China introduces the digital version of the national ID cards in order to ________.
A．make you forgot to bring your ID card
B．make the life of people living away from their home provinces easier
C．let people go to school or work at different places rather than their homes
D．have a waste of time, money and manpower
3．In the pilot trial in 2018, digital IDs could NOT be used to ________.
A．open bank accounts B．check into hotels
C．buy high-speed railway tickets D．shop online on WeChat Pay
4．The underlined word “current” in this passage means ________.
A．present B．past C．future D．unknown
5．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how to make a digital ID card B．China’s first ID cards
C．the introduction of digital ID cards D．how to do things on Alipay
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. For thousands of years, a lot of people have made their living along the river. Many of them are fishermen.
However, since 1st January 2020, China has begun a 10-year ban(禁令) on fishing in conservation areas(保护区) along the Changjiang River. And from 1st January 2021, fishing is not allowed in all natural waterways of large lakes connected to the Changjiang such as the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake for ten years.
The Changjiang River used to have high biodiversity(生物多样性). However, human activities such as overfishing and pollution have made fish fewer and fewer in the river. In recent years, the number of fish caught every year from the Changjiang has fallen greatly: from more than 420,000 tons in the 1950s to less than 100,000 tons. Fish from the river used to take up 60% of the country’s total fish production. But now the number is less than 0.2%. So the fishing ban is a key move to protect the river’s biodiversity.
The fishing ban will affect(影响) about 280,000 fishermen along the river. The government has taken action to help those fishermen. For example, it provides them with money and job training so that they can find new ways of living.
Yang Zhiming, a fisherman in Hunan Province, now manages business at a local market. Yang bought a place at the market with 20,000 yuan from the local government years ago. “Now, the 10-year fishing ban has started. My family don’t have to worry too much because we can do some business at the market,” he said. “The Dongting Lake is home to us fishermen. We stop fishing to protect our home.”
6．To know what the fishing ban is, you can read ________ .
A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3
C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
7．The writer explained the problem of the Changjiang River in Paragraph 3 by ________ .
A．listing some opinions B．telling a story
C．comparing numbers D．describing a personal experience
8．Because of the fishing ban ________ .
A．about 20,000 fishermen are affected
B．few people will live along the Changjiang River
C．the government has taken action to help the fishermen
D．fishing along the Changjiang River is not allowed for the next 20 years
9．What do Yang Zhiming and his family think of the fishing ban
A．They think it’s good. B．They think it’s unfair.
C．They think it’s too strict. D．They don’t care about it.
10．In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage
A．Environment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science.
This Family Keeps Their Community
Warm by Cutting Firewood for Those in Need
Washington is home to lots of trees—it is the Evergreen State, after all—and it has lots of fireplaces and wood-burning heaters too. But what if you lived there and couldn’t cut wood or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, are happy to help. The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need.
The idea actually started as a father-son relationship project, Shane told msn.com. “I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it,” said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting. The result was a great wall of wood piled up(堆积) around their house. To buy that much it would cost about $10,000.
It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted online: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME!…If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD．”
The response was immediate. One man offered to donate a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane’s house with more wood. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniels, started to feel warm in other ways: “I don’t need the wood. But I am truly happy for what you have done!”
Single mom Katelyn Ticer, 29, and her four-year-old daughter depended on a wood-burning stove as their only way of heat, so it was so good to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. “To get that much wood brought me to tears,” she told msn.com. “So much stress and worry is off my shoulders. I couldn’t be more thankful.”
Shane is ready to help more people. “Giving is the reward,” he said. “It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s needed.”
11．Why did Shane and his twin sons cut the wood
A．Because Shane just wanted to pass along the feeling that he cut with his father.
B．Because Shane had nothing to do.
C．Because Shane thought this was a good way to know more his sons.
D．Because Shane and his twin sons liked cutting the wood.
12．How did Shane help his neighbors
A．He paid someone to cut the wood.
B．He gave wood to those in need.
C．He bought stoves to those in need.
D．He raised $10,000 for poor neighbors.
13．What does the underlined word “response” mean
A．result B．feedback C．reaction D．effect
14．What happened after Shane posted the message online
A．Many people came to his house to get wood.
B．He received a lot of gifts from his neighbors.
C．A lot of wood piled up around his house.
D．Some people quickly offered to help.
15．What did Shane think of helping others
A．Helping is not giving but receiving.
B．Helping others is helping ourselves.
C．Being needed drives us to give.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
Humans are the only animals to eat chilies, even though they sometimes cause us discomfort. Many of us have had this experience: We eat something very spicy, our mouth burns, then our nose gets runny and our eyes start to water. So why exactly does this happen
All spicy foods come from plants, and according to BBC News, these plants contain spicy items to keep animals from eating them. Eating or even just touching these plants leads to the familiar burning feeling that comes from spicy food.
When we are eating the spicy food, our nose and eyes may also feel irritated（痒痒的）and go into defense mode（模式）, producing tears or mucus（黏液）to protect themselves. The more irritated our nose and eyes feel, the more tears or mucus they produce. That explains the tearing eyes, running nose and burning mouth that come from eating spicy food.
So if we know that our body will react to chilies this way, why is it that humans are the only animals to eat them In fact, about 600 million Chinese, almost half of the national population, are chili eaters, reported website Huanqiu.
According to BBC News, the human body responds to spicy food by giving off endorphins（内啡肽）—chemicals that create a sense of happiness.
So if you’re a big fan of spicy food, what can you do to reduce these symptoms（症状） It’s widely believed that a glass of ice water is the perfect way to lighten the burning sense caused by spiciness. However, as Live Science reported, it’s been proved that water will just make you feel worse by spreading the spicy items around your mouth.
*Live Science suggested that the easiest way to put out the fire in your mouth is with dairy products, such as milk or yogurt. Dairy contains a special element named casein（酪蛋白）, a type of protein which is able to dissolve the spicy component in chilies and reduce your pain immediately.
Equally effective is a spoon of sugar, according to Live Science.
So, it you’re the kind of person who holds the belief — “the spicier, the better”, make sure to keep some dairy products in your refrigerator.
16．A lot of animals don’t like chilies because they ________ if they eat or touch them.
A．produce tears or mucus B．their eyes feel happy
C．have a feeling like burning D．their noses feel irritated
17．Which of the following way is the right way of making the symptoms less serious while eating chilies according to the passage
A．We can try a spoon of salt.
B．We can drink a bottle of ice water.
C．We should drink a large cup of warm tea.
D．We can eat some dairy products such as yogurt.
18．Why did the writer write the passage with a *
A．To show the best method to stop the burning feeling from spicy food.
B．To tell readers how good and effective dairy products are.
C．To tell readers why dairy products reduce pain.
D．To show what dairy contains.
19．Where can we probably read the passage
A．A chemistry textbook. B．A novel.
C．A science website. D．A geography magazine.
Future City is a project-based learning program. It starts with a question—how can we make the world a better place To answer it, 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future. In this way, they can show their solutions to a citywide problem. So far, Future City has played an important role in encouraging middle schoolers to develop their interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).
Each year, Future City has a specific topic. Past topics include stormwater management, public spaces, green energy, and so on. The 2021-2022 theme is A Waste-Free Future. Teams will design a waste-free city. During the study, they need to hand in a 1,500-word city paper to give a general statement (陈述) about the design. Besides this, they also need to hand in a model built from recycled materials. A project plan and a video that shows how they work together and how they present their ideas are required as well. At the same time, teams should get ready for the Q&A part with judges.
This program allows students to do the things that engineers do. For example, to start with, they should identify problems, and then come up with new ideas. Next, they work together to design solutions. After testing, retesting, and building, finally they share their results. This process is called the engineering design process. Centered around this, Future City is a potent way to build students’ 21st-century skills. It has a useful effect on encouraging students to use math and science while dealing with real-world problems. They can develop writing, public speaking, time management skills, and project management skills. After completing Future City, students can also learn to be better citizens in the future.
20．________ can take part in Future City program.
A．9th-grade students B．8th-grade students C．Engineers D．Researchers
21．Based on the 2021-2022 theme, teams are supposed to design a city that ________.
A．can deal with stormwater properly B．can use public space effectively
C．can make and use green energy D．aims to reduce and reuse the city’s waste
22．If a team needs to finish the design in the shortest time, the best process to do it is ________.
① finish a 1,500-word city paper ② build a model ③make a project plan ④make a presentation video
A． B． C． D．
23．In Paragraph 3, the underlined word “potent” means ________.
A．effective B．similar C．simple D．indirect
24．What’s the best title for this passage
A．The Engineering Design Process B．A Solution to a Citywide Problem
C．Future City — a Project-based Learning Program D．The 2021-2022 Theme — A Waste-free Future
SHENZHEN political adviser Chen Zhihong has proposed (提议) building Shekou Fisherman’s Wharf (码头) in Shekou, Nanshan District into a tourist site at the Second Session of the Seventh Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the CPPCC (深圳市政协第七届二次会议), Shenzhen Economic Daily reported.
The renovation (翻新) of the Fisherman’s Wharf started in April 2018, in order to turn the wharf into an entertainment, a cultural exchange, education, tourism and housing complex (综合体).
However, many old and damaged boats are still docked (停靠) at the wharf due to historical reasons. These don’t match the surrounding environment and might cause a fire risk or pollute the waters.
Chen thus called for applying first-class standards to build the wharf into an international coastal tourism destination. At the same time, the construction can contribute to Nanshan District’s move to build the area into an innovative (创新的) coastal city center, according to Chen.
Additionally, Chen advised tourist viewing platforms to be added at the wharf and urged related departments to learn about the number and types of boats, and reasons for currently docking at the wharf.
Chen also proposed no longer allowing commercial ships to dock at the wharf unless they are sheltering from a typhoon. He suggested the berthing sites (靠泊点) be moved to Humen in Dongguan City, Aotou in Huizhou City and Fuyong in Bao’an District because the wharf’s water has poor self-purification capabilities.
25．When did the renovation of the wharf begin
A．Last year. B．Two years ago. C．Three years ago. D．Four years ago.
26．What problems are caused by the boats docking at the wharf
A．They don’t match the environment. B．They might cause a fire.
C．They might pollute the waters. D．All of the above.
27．Which is NOT the proposal from Chen Zhihong
A．Building the wharf into a tourist site.
B．Allowing commercial ships to dock at the wharf.
C．Adding tourist viewing platforms at the wharf.
D．Urging related departments to know more about the docking boats.
28．Why did Chen Zhihong suggest moving the berthing sites
A．Because there are typhoons at the wharf every year.
B．Because Humen, Aotou and Fuyong are close to the wharf.
C．Because the wharf is poor in purifying its water.
D．Because there are too many ships docking at the wharf.
29．Where can you probably read the passage
A．In a storybook. B．In a newspaper.
C．In a sports magazine. D．In a tour guide.
“To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge（避难所）from almost all the miseries of life.”
—W. Somerset Maugham
[1] “There are three rules for writing a novel（小说）. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are.” W. Somerset Maugham is a famous English novelist, but he says nobody knows how to write a novel!
[2] Where did Maugham get this way of looking at the world He had a lot of unusual life experiences. He grew up as an orphan（孤儿）. He became a doctor, then left his job when his first novel became a hit. He then became a famous playwright（剧作家）. During World War Ⅰ, he worked as a spy（间谍）. Later, he traveled around Southeast Asia. All of these things would appear in his writings.
[3] Maugham’s most famous work is the novel OF Human Bondage. It’s about a young man finding the meaning of life and knowing that the world is cruel. Chinese readers have fallen in love with another novel, The Moon and Sixpence. It is about the life of French painter Paul Gauguin.
[4] Young readers may like his many short stories better. They show the unpredictability（不可预测性）of human actions. According to Britannica, Maugham believed that people that people are unpredictable and forever trapped（被困住）with their emotions. By joking about life’s troubles, his stories mix the silly and the serious.
30．What is Maugham famous as
A．A traveller. B．A spy. C．A doctor. D．A novelist.
31．According to paragraph 3, which word do Chinese readers use to describe The Moon and Sixpence
A．Popular. B．Unusual. C．Meaningful. D．Unpredictable.
32．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Young readers. B．Maugham’s short stories.
C．Human emotions. D．Maugham’s novels.
33．What is the meaning of the sentence “By joking about life’s troubles, his stories mix the silly and the serious.” in the last paragraph
A．Maugham’s stories described troubles in daily life.
B．The main characters in Maugham’s stories are silly.
C．Maugham’s stories presented serious themes in a joking way.
D．Maugham’s short stories usually end unpredictably.
34．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Maugham’s Unusual Life and Works B．The Importance of Reading Books
C．Maugham, a Wonderful Writer D．Maugham, a Poor Orphan
参考答案：
1．B
2．B
3．D
4．A
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了数字身份证正在被引入我们的生活中，并给我们的生活带来便利。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“In the near future, people will just need a digital ID on their smartphones.”可知不久之后人们只需要在“智能手机”上安装一个数字身份证就可以了。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二段“One aim is to better meet the basic living needs of more than 100 million people who live away from their home provinces.”可知中国推出国民数字身份证的原因是为了方便远离家乡的人。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据第四段“The digital ID could be used to open bank accounts（账户）, check into hotels and buy high-speed railway tickets, among other things.”可知2018年时的电子版身份证功能不包括微信支付线上购物。故选D。
4．
词句猜测题。根据前文“China gave out its first ID card in 1984.”可知中国于1984年发放了初代身份证，由“the second-generation（代）version, ”可知现在用的是第二代版本的身份证，即“目前”使用的二代身份证。因此可推测“current”意为“目前”。故选A。
5．
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“In the near future, people will just need a digital ID on their smartphones.”可知文章主要叙述了数字身份证被引入我们的生活中。故选C。
6．A
7．C
8．C
9．A
10．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们介绍“禁渔令”的相关情况，呼吁人们保护我们的家园。
6．
段落大意题。本文第二段介绍禁令的相关内容，故选A。
7．
段落大意题。根据第三段中“from more than 420,000 tons in the 1950s to less than 100,000 tons. Fish from the river used to take up 60% of the country’s total fish production. But now the number is less than 0.2%.”可知，主要是通过比较数字来解释长江的问题，故选C。
8．
细节理解题。根据“The government has taken action to help those fishermen.”可知，政府已经采取行动帮助这些渔民。故选C。
9．
推理判断题。根据“My family don’t have to worry too much because we can do some business at the market”可知，杨志明和家人不用太担心，因为他们可以在市场上做一些生意，所以他们认为“禁渔令”是好的，故选A。
10．
推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍“禁渔令”的相关情况，呼吁人们保护我们的家园，所以推测可以在环境版块看到这篇文章，故选A。
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．D
15．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Shane McDaniel和他的双胞胎儿子砍柴给予那些有需要的人，表达了“付出就是回报”的精神。
11．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句 “I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it,” said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting.”可知，砍柴是为了想要传递这种情感。故选A。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need.”可知，他们把这些柴给予有需要的人。故选B。
13．
词义猜测题。根据第四段的内容“ One man ...Others...One woman...”可知，人们对这个帖子作出了回应。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“One man offered to donate a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane’s house with more wood. ”可知，一些人很快主动提供帮助。故选D。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving is the reward,” he said. “It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s needed.”可推测出，Shane认为“被需要驱使我们付出”。故选C。
16．C
17．D
18．A
19．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇科普类文章，解释了为什么人类是唯一吃辣椒的动物，当吃了辛辣的食物后，会产生哪些症状，分析了产生这种症状的原因。最后介绍了减轻灼热症状的最佳方式是喝一些牛奶或酸奶之类的乳制品。
16．
细节理解题。根据第二段最后的句子“Eating or even just touching these plants leads to the familiar burning feeling that comes from spicy food.”可知，吃了或触摸到它们会产生灼热的感觉，故选C。
17．
细节理解题。根据“Live Science suggested that the easiest way to put out the fire in your mouth is with dairy products, such as milk or yogurt…”可知，吃了辣椒后可以喝一些乳制品来减轻症状，故选D。
18．
推理判断题。这一段是介绍乳制品中含有一种酪蛋白的特殊元素，能够溶解辣椒中辛辣成分并立即减轻疼痛。因此当吃了辣椒后可以喝一些乳制品来去火，加*号是强调阻止辛辣食物产生灼热的最佳方法是喝一些乳制品。故选A。
19．
推理判断题。这是一篇科普类文章，解释了为什么人类是唯一吃辣椒的动物，当吃了辛辣的食物后，减轻灼热症状的最佳方式是什么。由此推断这篇文章最有可能来自科学网站，故选C。
20．B
21．D
22．A
23．A
24．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一个学习项目——未来城市的相关内容。
20．
细节理解题。根据“To answer it, 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future.”可知，6~8年级的学生可以参与此项目，故选B。
21．
细节理解题。根据“The 2021-2022 theme is A Waste-Free Future. Teams will design a waste-free city.”可知，2021-2022年的主题是“无废物的未来”，也就是要减少和再利用城市的废物，故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，先制定计划，然后建立模型，然后通过提交一份1500字的城市论文以及一个视频，对设计做一个总体说明；故选A。
23．
词句猜测题。根据“Centered around this, Future City is a potent way to build students’ 21st-century skills. It has a useful effect on encouraging students to use math and science while dealing with real-world problems.”可知，它在鼓励学生在处理现实问题时使用数学和科学方面起到了有益的作用，也就是说未来城市是培养学生技能的有效途径，可推知“potent”意为“effective”，故选A。
24．
最佳标题题。根据“Future City is a project-based learning program.”可知，本文主要讲述了一个学习项目——未来城市的相关内容，故选C。
25．D
26．D
27．B
28．C
29．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了深圳市政协委员陈志洪建议将蛇口渔人码头建成观光胜地，并介绍了进行这一举措所面临的问题以及会从哪些方面进行整改。
25．
细节理解题。根据“The renovation (翻新) of the Fisherman’s Wharf started in April 2018”可知，渔人码头的改造于2018年4月开始，也就是开始于四年前，故选D。
26．
细节理解题。根据“many old and damaged boats are still docked (停靠) at the wharf due to historical reasons. These don’t match the surrounding environment and might cause a fire risk or pollute the waters”可知，这些破旧的船只与周围的环境不匹配，可能会导致火灾风险或污染水域，故选D。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Chen also proposed no longer allowing commercial ships to dock at the wharf unless they are sheltering from a typhoon”可知，他提议除非是为了躲避台风，否则不再允许商业船只停靠码头，故选B。
28．
细节理解题。根据“He suggested the berthing sites (靠泊点) be moved to Humen in Dongguan City, Aotou in Huizhou City and Fuyong in Bao’an District because the wharf’s water has poor self-purification capabilities”可知，因为码头的水质净化能力很差，故选C。
29．
推理判断题。根据“Shenzhen Economic Daily reported”可知，这篇文章来自报纸，故选B。
30．D
31．C
32．B
33．C
34．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一位著名的英国小说家毛姆最著名的作品，以及人们喜欢他的作品原因。
30．
细节理解题。根据“W. Somerset Maugham is a famous English novelist, but he says nobody knows how to write a novel”可知，他以小说家闻名，故选D。
31．
细节理解题。根据“It’s about a young man finding the meaning of life and knowing that the world is cruel…The Moon and Sixpence. It is about the life of French painter Paul Gauguin”可知，中国读者用“有意义”来形容它，故选C。
32．
词义猜测题。根据“Young readers may like his many short stories better. They show the unpredictability（不可预测性）of human actions”可知，毛姆的短篇小说显示出人类行为的不可预测性，所以they指代的是“毛姆的短篇小说”，故选B。
33．
细节理解题。根据“By joking about life’s troubles, his stories mix the silly and the serious”可知，毛姆的故事以一种开玩笑的方式呈现了严肃的主题，故选C。
34．
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文最主要介绍了著名的英国小说家毛姆，故选C。