高考英语构词法课件（30张PPT）
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(共30张PPT)
构词法
佳句背诵（课前三分钟候课）
1. Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
2. Only by protecting the environment can we live a better life.
3. Not only do after-class activities make your life colorful, but also they improve your learning.
Teaching aims:
1. To know about word formation especially derivation（派生）.
2. To help students enlarge their vocabulary by learning word formation.
3. To strengthen students’ self-confidence in grammar learning.
1.(2018全国I，68）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _________(strength)your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes.
2.(2018全国I，69）Running is cheap, easy and it's always_________(energy).
3.(2018全国Ⅲ，66）I'm a________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
高考感知
strengthen
energetic
scientist
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,69)However, be________(care)
not to go to extremes.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,70)It is ________ (certain) fun but
the lifestyle is a little unreal.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on
with her ___________ (educate)．
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ42)Handle the most important tasks
first soyou'll feel a real sense of ___________
(achieve)．
careful
certainly
education
achievement
构词法就是一个单词通过转化、派生、合成等构成另一个新词的方法。高考命题虽以考纲所列词汇为依据，但考纲词汇通过构词法变成的新词是不算超纲词的，这类词在每年每份试卷中约有50个，如果不掌握好构词法，这几十个词很可能会成为我们阅读的障碍。不仅如此，需要构词法解答的题，在语法填空中会有
1-3题，短文改错中会有1-2题。因此，掌握构
词法，非常必要。
需要构词法知识解答的语法填空和短文改错题主要考查以下三点：
1. 作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语，用_____
2. 作定语、表语和补语，一般用_______
3. 修饰动词、形容词、介词短语、从句或整个句子，要用_____
名词
形容词
副词
本节重点给同学们介绍主要的构词方法和常见的前缀和后缀即派生法，并通过构词法来复习尽可能多的考纲词汇。
三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
2.合成(Compounding):
3.转化(Conversion)
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy ( 加前缀)
happy---- happiness ( 加后缀)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. wood( 木)+ cut( 刻)----woodcut( 木刻)
由一个词类转化为另一个词类:
eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水
三个词语的含义：
词根：
词缀：
词类：
构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。
前缀；后缀
十大词类
派生法
派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。简言之：前缀改变单词词义；词根决定单词意思；后缀决定单词词性。
前 缀 例 词
dis- disappear
un- unknown
in- indirect (常用在adj.后)
im- impossible(用在b,p,m 开头前)
ir- irregular
ab- abnormal
il- illegal,
mis- misunderstand
non- nonsmoker
(否定)
(不)
(不)
（不）
(误)
(非)
(不,非)
（不)
（不）
imbalance, immoral, immodest
irresponsible
illogical, illiterate
前 缀 例 词
a-构成形容词,副词 asleep, alone,abroad
over- oversleep
inter- international
re-
recover
en- enrich
过度
相互
再，又
使……
后 缀 例 词
名
词 -er;- or;-ee ….. 者 employer,actor,employee
-ess 女的 waitress, hostess
-ese …. 地方的人 Chinese, Japanese
-ian 精通…的人, …地方人 musician, Russian
-ist 专业人员 pianist
--ment 性质,状态；运动、结果 movement
-- ness 性质, 状态 kindness
--tion 表示动作,过程,结果 suggestion
形容词后缀:
- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y;
-ful ; - less
表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）
e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen
副词后缀:
- ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily
-ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards
数词后缀:
- teen 十 fourteen
-ty整十位数 forty
-th序数词 fifth
twelve序数词_______________
twenty序数词______________
twelfth
twentieth
Practice
Test yourself
1.admire v_________n 2.admit v_________n
3.anxious adj________n 4.apologise v_______n
5.compete v_______n 6.convenient adj_____反
7.grow v _________n 8.high adj _________n
9.hungry adj_________n 10.noise n_________adj
11.able adj_________v 12.beautiful adj______v
13.press v _______n 14.true adj______adv
15.taste v_________adj 16.mud n_________adj
17.benefit n/v______adj 18.argue v_______n
19.rely v_______adj 20.energy n_______adj
21.wise adj_______n 22.proud adj_______n
Test yourself
1.admire v admirationn 2.admit v admission n
3.anxious adj anxiety n 4.apologise v apology n
5.compete v competition n 7.grow v growth n
6.convenient adj inconvenient反 8.high adj height n
9.hungry adj hunger n 10.noise n noisy adj
11.able adj enable v 12.beautiful adj beautify v
13.press v pressure n 14.true adj truly adv
15.taste v tasty adj 16.mud n muddy adj
17.benefit n/v beneficial adj 18.argue v argument n
19.rely v reliable adj 20.energy n energetic adj
21.wise adj wisdom n 22.proud adj pride n
1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.
2. __________(lucky), I arrived just too late to meet them.
3.We apologise for any____________(convenient)caused by the delayed.
4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude).
appreciation
Unluckily
inconvenience
rudely
二. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
5. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them.
6. …you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field.
7. These people have made great __________
(contribute) to China with their work.
8．The storm damaged several_________ (new) built buildings
misunderstand
entertainment
contributions
newly
9．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative.
10…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match.
11.However, the programs have also led to problems such as________(legal)parking, deliberate damaging and theft.
beneficial
exciting
illegal
Sum up:
给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis- /mis），名词（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able /-ed /-ing )
给出名词→形容词（ 常考ce t，天气类常加-y，或者考-ful/-less等）
给出形容词→比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj / verb / sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness）
两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)
注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。
三、语篇填空 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。
The Raconteurs (虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the band’s name. The word “raconteur” describes a person who is [1] ____________ (skill) at telling stories. The band members describe [2] ___________ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. All the band members have founded music careers by doing other projects. But they decided to come together as a band to try something [3]_______ (difference).
skillful
themselves
different
The lead [4] _______ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar. Jack White is also a member of the band [5] ________ (call) the White Stripes（白色条纹乐队）. The Raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist Brendan Benson. These [6] ___________ (music) had performed together over the years. But in 2005, they decided to play together [7] __________ (official) as the Raconteurs.
singer
called
musicians
officially
The Raconteurs' [8] _______ (late) album is called “Consolers of the Lonely.” The band released the album in an [9] __________ (usually) way. They [10]__________ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家).
latest
unusual
had announced
Success can never be easy achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.
Homework
完成第一方案构词法[落实演练]。
构词法
佳句背诵（课前三分钟候课）
1. Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
2. Only by protecting the environment can we live a better life.
3. Not only do after-class activities make your life colorful, but also they improve your learning.
Teaching aims:
1. To know about word formation especially derivation（派生）.
2. To help students enlarge their vocabulary by learning word formation.
3. To strengthen students’ self-confidence in grammar learning.
1.(2018全国I，68）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _________(strength)your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes.
2.(2018全国I，69）Running is cheap, easy and it's always_________(energy).
3.(2018全国Ⅲ，66）I'm a________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
高考感知
strengthen
energetic
scientist
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,69)However, be________(care)
not to go to extremes.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,70)It is ________ (certain) fun but
the lifestyle is a little unreal.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on
with her ___________ (educate)．
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ42)Handle the most important tasks
first soyou'll feel a real sense of ___________
(achieve)．
careful
certainly
education
achievement
构词法就是一个单词通过转化、派生、合成等构成另一个新词的方法。高考命题虽以考纲所列词汇为依据，但考纲词汇通过构词法变成的新词是不算超纲词的，这类词在每年每份试卷中约有50个，如果不掌握好构词法，这几十个词很可能会成为我们阅读的障碍。不仅如此，需要构词法解答的题，在语法填空中会有
1-3题，短文改错中会有1-2题。因此，掌握构
词法，非常必要。
需要构词法知识解答的语法填空和短文改错题主要考查以下三点：
1. 作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语，用_____
2. 作定语、表语和补语，一般用_______
3. 修饰动词、形容词、介词短语、从句或整个句子，要用_____
名词
形容词
副词
本节重点给同学们介绍主要的构词方法和常见的前缀和后缀即派生法，并通过构词法来复习尽可能多的考纲词汇。
三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
2.合成(Compounding):
3.转化(Conversion)
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy ( 加前缀)
happy---- happiness ( 加后缀)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. wood( 木)+ cut( 刻)----woodcut( 木刻)
由一个词类转化为另一个词类:
eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水
三个词语的含义：
词根：
词缀：
词类：
构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。
前缀；后缀
十大词类
派生法
派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。简言之：前缀改变单词词义；词根决定单词意思；后缀决定单词词性。
前 缀 例 词
dis- disappear
un- unknown
in- indirect (常用在adj.后)
im- impossible(用在b,p,m 开头前)
ir- irregular
ab- abnormal
il- illegal,
mis- misunderstand
non- nonsmoker
(否定)
(不)
(不)
（不）
(误)
(非)
(不,非)
（不)
（不）
imbalance, immoral, immodest
irresponsible
illogical, illiterate
前 缀 例 词
a-构成形容词,副词 asleep, alone,abroad
over- oversleep
inter- international
re-
recover
en- enrich
过度
相互
再，又
使……
后 缀 例 词
名
词 -er;- or;-ee ….. 者 employer,actor,employee
-ess 女的 waitress, hostess
-ese …. 地方的人 Chinese, Japanese
-ian 精通…的人, …地方人 musician, Russian
-ist 专业人员 pianist
--ment 性质,状态；运动、结果 movement
-- ness 性质, 状态 kindness
--tion 表示动作,过程,结果 suggestion
形容词后缀:
- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y;
-ful ; - less
表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）
e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen
副词后缀:
- ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily
-ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards
数词后缀:
- teen 十 fourteen
-ty整十位数 forty
-th序数词 fifth
twelve序数词_______________
twenty序数词______________
twelfth
twentieth
Practice
Test yourself
1.admire v_________n 2.admit v_________n
3.anxious adj________n 4.apologise v_______n
5.compete v_______n 6.convenient adj_____反
7.grow v _________n 8.high adj _________n
9.hungry adj_________n 10.noise n_________adj
11.able adj_________v 12.beautiful adj______v
13.press v _______n 14.true adj______adv
15.taste v_________adj 16.mud n_________adj
17.benefit n/v______adj 18.argue v_______n
19.rely v_______adj 20.energy n_______adj
21.wise adj_______n 22.proud adj_______n
Test yourself
1.admire v admirationn 2.admit v admission n
3.anxious adj anxiety n 4.apologise v apology n
5.compete v competition n 7.grow v growth n
6.convenient adj inconvenient反 8.high adj height n
9.hungry adj hunger n 10.noise n noisy adj
11.able adj enable v 12.beautiful adj beautify v
13.press v pressure n 14.true adj truly adv
15.taste v tasty adj 16.mud n muddy adj
17.benefit n/v beneficial adj 18.argue v argument n
19.rely v reliable adj 20.energy n energetic adj
21.wise adj wisdom n 22.proud adj pride n
1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.
2. __________(lucky), I arrived just too late to meet them.
3.We apologise for any____________(convenient)caused by the delayed.
4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude).
appreciation
Unluckily
inconvenience
rudely
二. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
5. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them.
6. …you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field.
7. These people have made great __________
(contribute) to China with their work.
8．The storm damaged several_________ (new) built buildings
misunderstand
entertainment
contributions
newly
9．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative.
10…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match.
11.However, the programs have also led to problems such as________(legal)parking, deliberate damaging and theft.
beneficial
exciting
illegal
Sum up:
给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis- /mis），名词（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able /-ed /-ing )
给出名词→形容词（ 常考ce t，天气类常加-y，或者考-ful/-less等）
给出形容词→比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj / verb / sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness）
两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)
注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。
三、语篇填空 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。
The Raconteurs (虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the band’s name. The word “raconteur” describes a person who is [1] ____________ (skill) at telling stories. The band members describe [2] ___________ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. All the band members have founded music careers by doing other projects. But they decided to come together as a band to try something [3]_______ (difference).
skillful
themselves
different
The lead [4] _______ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar. Jack White is also a member of the band [5] ________ (call) the White Stripes（白色条纹乐队）. The Raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist Brendan Benson. These [6] ___________ (music) had performed together over the years. But in 2005, they decided to play together [7] __________ (official) as the Raconteurs.
singer
called
musicians
officially
The Raconteurs' [8] _______ (late) album is called “Consolers of the Lonely.” The band released the album in an [9] __________ (usually) way. They [10]__________ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家).
latest
unusual
had announced
Success can never be easy achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.
Homework
完成第一方案构词法[落实演练]。