小升初英语语法衔接通用版-情态动词课件
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小升初语法衔接
情态动词
知识导航
01
1
情态动词的定义
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其
它动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情感、态度、语气。
2
情态动词的特点
情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化；后边跟动词原形；
否定形式直接在情态动词后面加not
3
常见的情态动词有：
can, could, may, must, have to, would, shall, should
能，会，可能
可以
必须
不得不
愿意
应当
应该
情态动词后面 + 动词原形
1
I can play / played basketball.
I should buy / bought a computer.
2
情态动词没有人称和数的变化
She can / cans ride a horse.
Amy should / shoulds buy a book.__
否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"
3
I can not play basketball.
情态动词
（判断对错）
can 的用法
(1)表示"能、会",指脑力或体力方面的"能力"。（过去式：could）
例如:
I can play football.
I could swim at the age of seven.
can 的用法
(2)表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。
例如:
Can he come here today, please
请问他今天能到这里来吗
can 的用法
(3)表示允许，译为"可以",常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。
例如:
Can I have a cup of tea, please
请问我可以喝一杯茶吗
can 的用法
(4)否定句型为: 主语+can not(can't)+动词原形+其它。
表示"某人不能(不会、不可能)做……"其中can't是can not的缩略式。
例如:
You can't pass the ball like this.
你不能像这样传球。
Excuse me, _____ you tell me the way to the railway station, please
can
You are carrying a lot of things. You can’t open the door yourself. There’s a man standing near the door. You say to him:
______you open the door, please
Could
I have just eaten a lot of food for lunch.
You _____ be hungry now.
can't
Tom ___________ swim when he was born.
NEXT
couldn’t
1/5
My aunt ________ jump high. She was the best.
NEXT
could
2/5
He couldn’t drive a car when he was a child
but he _______ drive trucks now. He is a truck driver.
NEXT
can
3/5
Cats cam climb trees
but elephants _________ do it.
NEXT
can’t
4/5
Babies _______ sleep all day along
NEXT
can
5/5
may 的用法
(1)表示请求，许可，语气比较委婉。
例如:
Mayl borrow your bike
我可以借你的自行车吗
may 的用法
(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，
一般用于肯定句中。
例如:
It may rain tomorrow.
明天可能会下雨。
Sure.
May I ask you a question
must 的用法
(1)表示“必须”，此时可用于肯定句或疑问句。
例如:
You must finish your homework before I come back.
我回来之前你必须完成你的作业。
must 的用法
(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“一定”，
一般用于肯定句中。
例如:
She must be at home .
她一定在家。
must 的用法
(3)用于否定句时，mustn't的意思是“一定不要、不能、禁止”。
例如:
You mustn't walk your dog on the grass
你不能在草坪上遛狗。
My house is near the railway.
It ____ be noisy there.
must
have to 的用法
表示很勉强，“不得不”
例如：
It's raining. I have to stay at home.
外面正在下雨。我不得不待在家里。
In China many children ________ wear uniform when they go to school.
have to
don’t have to
You ________ speak to the driver
when the bus is moving. It's dangerous.
mustn’t
1/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
I like Sundays because I ____________ go to work.
don’t have to
2/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
Children ___________ play with fire.
mustn’t
Click on the right raft to complete the sentence and rescue me, please!
3/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
You _____________ arrive before 9 p.m.
but you should be here before midgnight.
don’t have to
4/4
mustn’t
shall 的用法
shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
例如:
Shall we dance tonight
我们今晚跳舞吗
I don't want to go shopping alone.
we go shopping together
Shall
should 的用法
(1)should表示义务，责任，建议或劝告时意为“应该”。
例如:
We should learn from each other.
我们应该互相学习。
【注】有时语气较强，含有命令的意味:
You should leave at once.你应该马上离开。
should 的用法
(2)should的否定形式:shouldn't不应该。
例如:
Students shouldn't spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
You look tired. You _______ have a rest now.
should
would 的用法
用于征询意见或者有礼貌的请求。
例如：
Would you like some juice
你想要一些果汁吗
Would
______ you like a cup of coffee
经典练习
02
一.用适当的情态动词填空
(1) You_____take more exercise.
(2)_____you like some tea
(3)-___Iuse your eraser
-Yes, you can.
【答案】(1)should(2)Would(3)Can
【解析】(1)根据句意，这里应该是以劝告的语气让人多做锻炼。
所以填should;
(2)询问某人是否需要什么东西可以用“would…like”,
所以填Would;
(3)根据答句“Yes，you can”可知，问句应该是“CanI… ”
所以填Can。
二.按要求改写句子。
1. I can play the piano.(否定句)
I_______piano.
【答案】can't play the
【解析】情态动词can的否定句应当在can后面直接加not，
“can not”可以缩写为“can't”
重点点拨
03
回答以may开头的疑问句:
-May I smoke here
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please.
-No, you can’t. / No, you mustn’t.
回答以must开头的疑问句:
-Must I finish the work in two days
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't/don’t have to.
have to的特殊点:
有人称、数、时态的变化;
疑问句和否定句需要借助do,does, did构成。
例如：
They will have to leave tomorrow.
have to在否定句中表示“不需要”。
例如：
You don't have to go there.
你不需要去那里。
请用情态动词的适当形式填空
-May I go out to play basketball, Dad
-No, you_____. You must finish your homework first.
【答案】mustn't/can't
【解析】本题题意为:-爸爸，我可以出去打篮球吗
-不行。你必须先完成你的家庭作业。
“May… ”的否定回答应该用mustn’t或can’t。
根据中文含义，完成英文句子
你不需要做作业。
You______do your homework.
【答案】don't have to
【解析】“不需要”应该用have to的否定形式，此句主语是“you”所以填don't have to。
总结
04
情态动词各个击破
词义 情态动词
能够，可能
许可，也许
必须，一定
应当，要
愿意，要
应该
不得不
can
may
must
shall
would
shoud
have to
could
课后作业
05
用适当的情态动词填空。
1. The students____take more exercise.
2.______you tell me the way to the library
3. The clock_____tell us the right time.
4.____you like to go swimming with us
5._____we go shopping next month
Thank you!
+
小升初语法衔接
情态动词
知识导航
01
1
情态动词的定义
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其
它动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情感、态度、语气。
2
情态动词的特点
情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化；后边跟动词原形；
否定形式直接在情态动词后面加not
3
常见的情态动词有：
can, could, may, must, have to, would, shall, should
能，会，可能
可以
必须
不得不
愿意
应当
应该
情态动词后面 + 动词原形
1
I can play / played basketball.
I should buy / bought a computer.
2
情态动词没有人称和数的变化
She can / cans ride a horse.
Amy should / shoulds buy a book.__
否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"
3
I can not play basketball.
情态动词
（判断对错）
can 的用法
(1)表示"能、会",指脑力或体力方面的"能力"。（过去式：could）
例如:
I can play football.
I could swim at the age of seven.
can 的用法
(2)表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。
例如:
Can he come here today, please
请问他今天能到这里来吗
can 的用法
(3)表示允许，译为"可以",常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。
例如:
Can I have a cup of tea, please
请问我可以喝一杯茶吗
can 的用法
(4)否定句型为: 主语+can not(can't)+动词原形+其它。
表示"某人不能(不会、不可能)做……"其中can't是can not的缩略式。
例如:
You can't pass the ball like this.
你不能像这样传球。
Excuse me, _____ you tell me the way to the railway station, please
can
You are carrying a lot of things. You can’t open the door yourself. There’s a man standing near the door. You say to him:
______you open the door, please
Could
I have just eaten a lot of food for lunch.
You _____ be hungry now.
can't
Tom ___________ swim when he was born.
NEXT
couldn’t
1/5
My aunt ________ jump high. She was the best.
NEXT
could
2/5
He couldn’t drive a car when he was a child
but he _______ drive trucks now. He is a truck driver.
NEXT
can
3/5
Cats cam climb trees
but elephants _________ do it.
NEXT
can’t
4/5
Babies _______ sleep all day along
NEXT
can
5/5
may 的用法
(1)表示请求，许可，语气比较委婉。
例如:
Mayl borrow your bike
我可以借你的自行车吗
may 的用法
(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，
一般用于肯定句中。
例如:
It may rain tomorrow.
明天可能会下雨。
Sure.
May I ask you a question
must 的用法
(1)表示“必须”，此时可用于肯定句或疑问句。
例如:
You must finish your homework before I come back.
我回来之前你必须完成你的作业。
must 的用法
(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“一定”，
一般用于肯定句中。
例如:
She must be at home .
她一定在家。
must 的用法
(3)用于否定句时，mustn't的意思是“一定不要、不能、禁止”。
例如:
You mustn't walk your dog on the grass
你不能在草坪上遛狗。
My house is near the railway.
It ____ be noisy there.
must
have to 的用法
表示很勉强，“不得不”
例如：
It's raining. I have to stay at home.
外面正在下雨。我不得不待在家里。
In China many children ________ wear uniform when they go to school.
have to
don’t have to
You ________ speak to the driver
when the bus is moving. It's dangerous.
mustn’t
1/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
I like Sundays because I ____________ go to work.
don’t have to
2/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
Children ___________ play with fire.
mustn’t
Click on the right raft to complete the sentence and rescue me, please!
3/4
mustn’t
don’t have to
You _____________ arrive before 9 p.m.
but you should be here before midgnight.
don’t have to
4/4
mustn’t
shall 的用法
shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
例如:
Shall we dance tonight
我们今晚跳舞吗
I don't want to go shopping alone.
we go shopping together
Shall
should 的用法
(1)should表示义务，责任，建议或劝告时意为“应该”。
例如:
We should learn from each other.
我们应该互相学习。
【注】有时语气较强，含有命令的意味:
You should leave at once.你应该马上离开。
should 的用法
(2)should的否定形式:shouldn't不应该。
例如:
Students shouldn't spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
You look tired. You _______ have a rest now.
should
would 的用法
用于征询意见或者有礼貌的请求。
例如：
Would you like some juice
你想要一些果汁吗
Would
______ you like a cup of coffee
经典练习
02
一.用适当的情态动词填空
(1) You_____take more exercise.
(2)_____you like some tea
(3)-___Iuse your eraser
-Yes, you can.
【答案】(1)should(2)Would(3)Can
【解析】(1)根据句意，这里应该是以劝告的语气让人多做锻炼。
所以填should;
(2)询问某人是否需要什么东西可以用“would…like”,
所以填Would;
(3)根据答句“Yes，you can”可知，问句应该是“CanI… ”
所以填Can。
二.按要求改写句子。
1. I can play the piano.(否定句)
I_______piano.
【答案】can't play the
【解析】情态动词can的否定句应当在can后面直接加not，
“can not”可以缩写为“can't”
重点点拨
03
回答以may开头的疑问句:
-May I smoke here
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please.
-No, you can’t. / No, you mustn’t.
回答以must开头的疑问句:
-Must I finish the work in two days
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't/don’t have to.
have to的特殊点:
有人称、数、时态的变化;
疑问句和否定句需要借助do,does, did构成。
例如：
They will have to leave tomorrow.
have to在否定句中表示“不需要”。
例如：
You don't have to go there.
你不需要去那里。
请用情态动词的适当形式填空
-May I go out to play basketball, Dad
-No, you_____. You must finish your homework first.
【答案】mustn't/can't
【解析】本题题意为:-爸爸，我可以出去打篮球吗
-不行。你必须先完成你的家庭作业。
“May… ”的否定回答应该用mustn’t或can’t。
根据中文含义，完成英文句子
你不需要做作业。
You______do your homework.
【答案】don't have to
【解析】“不需要”应该用have to的否定形式，此句主语是“you”所以填don't have to。
总结
04
情态动词各个击破
词义 情态动词
能够，可能
许可，也许
必须，一定
应当，要
愿意，要
应该
不得不
can
may
must
shall
would
shoud
have to
could
课后作业
05
用适当的情态动词填空。
1. The students____take more exercise.
2.______you tell me the way to the library
3. The clock_____tell us the right time.
4.____you like to go swimming with us
5._____we go shopping next month
Thank you!