高考冠词复习

课件55张PPT。第一讲语法：冠词
完形填空做题技巧
知识盘点真题探究? 　　冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Ar-ticle)和定冠词(The Definite Article)两种。知识盘点真题探究a和an是不定冠词,a用在辅音音素开头的单词之前,如a book, a man; an用在元音音素开头的单词之前,如an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。冠词是历年来的考查重点,着重考查以下几个方面: (1)冠词的基本用法,即泛指、类指和特指,如泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词、the +单数名词表示类指等;
(2)冠词的活用,如the older of the two表示“两个之中较年老的一个”;
(3)冠词的习惯搭配,如in order, on the Internet等。
考点1　不定冠词的用法1.指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a和an的基本用法。如:请给我一个橙子。在这条街的拐角处有个公园。 知识盘点真题探究Please pass me an orange.There is a park on the corner of the street.2.不定冠词用在人名前,表示说话者对此人不认识,相当于a certain,也可以指与某人名有类似性质的人或物。如:一个叫汤姆的人正在找你。3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:我有一张嘴,一个鼻子和两只眼睛。4.用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍,a +抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:知识盘点真题探究A TomI have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.is looking for you.参加这个聚会对我来说是一种荣誉。5.用在带有修饰词的、表示三餐饭的名词之前,表示“一顿……的早/午/晚餐”等。如: 海伦早餐喜欢吃快餐。注意:在三餐前通常不用冠词。但受定语quick的影响,其前要用不定冠词,表示“某种”。此时的不定冠词通常有“a kind of” 之意。6.用在 “a most + adj.”结构中,表示“很……”,其中most用来加强知识盘点真题探究It is ___________for me to attend the party.Helen likes to have_____________.an honoura quick breakfast语气,表示“很;极其;非常”。如:It’s________________________, and everyone must attend it. 7.用在序数词之前,表示“又一;再一”。如:Would you like____________________? 你想再来一杯茶吗?8.用在一些固定搭配之中。如:all of a sudden, for a while, in a word, in a hurry, have / take a rest, keep an eye on, in a way, live a...life, make a living, make a promise, make an apology, make an effort, pay a visit to等。知识盘点真题探究这是一次非常重要的会议,每个人都必须参加。
a most important meetinga second cup of tea考点2　定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine.2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window, please.知识盘点真题探究北京是中国的首都。桌子上的笔是我的。请把窗子打开。3.指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.4.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun太阳, the sky天空, the moon月亮, the earth地球等。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略) 。 That’s the second thing I’ve been looking for.知识盘点真题探究椅子上坐着一位年轻的女士, 怀里抱着个婴儿。
那是我要找的第二件东西。
Harry is the tallest in his class.哈里是班上最高的学生。6.表示所有, 相当于物主代词, 用在表示身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。7.用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专有名词)。 the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum等。8.用在江河湖海、山脉前。
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean等。知识盘点真题探究9.用在表示乐器的名词之前。She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10.表示某一家人要加定冠词。The Bushes are at home to receive visitors today. 布什一家今天在家接待客人。11.用在形容词前, 表某一类人。12.用在惯用语中:by the way, in the dark, in the end, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the sky, the day after tomorrow, the next morning等。知识盘点真题探究如:the living, the dead, the rich, the poor, the wounded, the sick等。
考点3　零冠词(即不用冠词)的用法1.专有名词和不可数名词前不用冠词。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。Apples are usually sold by weight.2.名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词时,不用冠词。如:知识盘点真题探究苹果通常按重量卖。
Go down this street.沿着这条街走。3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。We are students. 我们是学生。I like reading stories.我喜欢看故事。4.在季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前, 不用冠词。如:Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in sum-mer, in July等。We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。知识盘点真题探究5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前, 尤其作表语、宾补时,不用冠词。What’s the matter, Daddy?怎么了, 爸爸?We elected Helen monitor.我们选海伦当班长。6.表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、同位语或补足语时, 名词前不用冠词。常见的名词有:president, chairman, mayor, head, boss, secretary, leader, monitor, professor等。如:知识盘点真题探究The guards took the American to General White.士兵们把这个美国人送到怀特将军那里。7.在三餐饭、科目、球类运动前不用冠词。如:We are going to play football.我们打算去踢足球。We usually have lunch at school.我们打算常在学校吃午饭。We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 我们学汉语、数学、英语和其他学科。8.当两个名词指同一个人或物时, 后面的名词前不用冠词。知识盘点真题探究如:The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.那个老师兼作家已来到会议现场。9.当by与火车等交通工具连用, 表示一种方式时, 中间不用冠词。10.在as, though引导的倒装分句中, 名词前不用冠词。Child as / though Tim is, you can’t fool him. 11.在某些习惯用语中的名词前不用冠词。如:at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。知识盘点真题探究by bus乘公共汽车, by train乘火车等。
虽然蒂姆是个孩子, 但你不能欺骗他。
? 1.(2011新课标全国)It is generally accepted that 　　　???? boy must learn to stand up and fight like 　　　???? man.A.a; a　　　　　　　　　B.a; theC.the; the 　 　D.a; 不填【答案与解析】A　句意:人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会站起来并像一个男子汉一样去战斗。a boy和 a man都是泛指, 表示一类人。因此选A项。知识盘点真题探究2.(2011全国Ⅱ)As he reached 　　　???? front door, Jack saw 　　???????? strange sight.A.the; 不填 　　B.a; the C.不填; a 　 　D.the; a【答案与解析】D　句意:当杰克走到前门时, 他看到了一个奇怪的景象。the front door是特指杰克所走过去的门, a strange sight是泛指, 相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D项。知识盘点真题探究3.(2011山东)Take your time—it’s just 　　　???? short distance from here to 　　　???? restaurant.A.不填; the　　B.a; theC.the; a　 　D.不填; a【答案与解析】B　句意:别急——从这儿到餐馆只不过很短的一段距离而已。a short distance“短距离”,是固定短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆, 故用the表特指。知识盘点真题探究4.(2011浙江)Experts think that 　　　????recently discovered painting may be 　　　???? Picasso. A.the; 不填 　　B.a; the C.a; 不填 　 　D.the; a【答案与解析】D　句意:专家认为, 最近发现的那幅油画可能是毕加索的作品。the painting特指最近发现的那幅油画;a Picasso意为a Picasso??s painting, 泛指毕加索的一件作品, 有one的含义。因此选D项。知识盘点真题探究5.(2011四川)Dr Peter Spence, 　　　???? headmaster of the school, told us, “　　　???? fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cam-bridge.”A.不填; A 　　B.不填; The C.the; The 　　D.a; A【答案与解析】A　句意:校长彼特·思朋斯告诉我们:“这里有五分之一的学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习”。headmaster“校长”, 职务前面不加冠词;a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A项。知识盘点真题探究6.(2011重庆)In communication, a smile is usually 　　　???? strong sign of a friendly and 　　　???? open attitude.A.the; 不填 　　B.a; an C.a; 不填 　 　D.the; an【答案与解析】C　句意:在交流中, 微笑通常是一种友好和开放态度的有力标志。a 用在可数名词sign前, 泛指一个标志;friendly 和 open 是并列的两个形容词, 修饰attitude。因此选C项。知识盘点真题探究7.(2011陕西)As is known to all, 　　　???? People??s Republic of China is 　　　???? biggest developing country in the world. A.the; 不填 　　B.不填; the C.the; the 　 　D.不填; 不填 【答案与解析】C　句意:众所周知, 中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前;第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C项。知识盘点真题探究8.(2011江西)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ????　　???? year.—Right, he will also get paid by 　　　???? week.A.the; the 　　B.a; the C.the; a 　 D.a; a【答案与解析】B　句意:“据说约翰将会有一份年薪超过6万美金的工作。”“没错, 他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。”表时间单位“每年”,冠词用a, by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B项。知识盘点真题探究【2012全国卷II】9.He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.
A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填
【2012安徽】10. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _____meat processing factory of his own one day.
A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【2012重庆】11. Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.
A./,/ B. the,/ C the; the D./, the【2012全国】12. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.
A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a
【2012山东】13. Being able to afford ______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a
【2012江西】14. The Smiths don’t usually like staying at ___ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ____ sea.
A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a 【2012辽宁】15. I woke up with ______ bad headache, yet by ____ evening the pain had gone.
A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an
【2012四川】16. We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes.
A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a
【2012浙江】17. The development of industry has been _____ gradual process throughout _____ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a
18.（2010北京)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
19.（2010福建）It’s __ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them __ pleasure.
A.不填，a B. a,不填 C. the ,a D. a, the
20.（2010江苏）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the
21.( 2010辽宁) There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
22. (2010山东) If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the
23. (2010四川). In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a24.(2010浙江) Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up __weakening of the
human body.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
25.（2010重庆）Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /
26.（2010上海）It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.
A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours
完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。
解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。
解题方法：总的原则: “先完意，后完形”。八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：读——填——读三步答题Step1
Skip(跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.
(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）Step2
Read again and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.
(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)
Four methods(四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境)
2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配)
3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)
4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识)根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) ,
but I always knew he was? ?? 37 ?. He never
criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our
best.???
37.?A. strict?????? B. honest??????
C. special??? D. learned
38. A. help B. peace
C. smile D. praisePractice
His big stomach has always ballooned out
between his T-shirt and trousers. Although
his family often 43 about that, Ed refused
to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight.
43. A. cared B. forgot
C. quarreled D. joked
44. A. clean B. straight
C. larger D. darker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:
结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；
逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；
递进关系：besides, what’s more, further;
转折关系：but, while, however等。利用语篇的标志性的词语解题She told the front-desk clerk she had had
a(n) __1_vacation, but was heart-broken
about losing several rolls of Kodak color
film she had not yet developed.
1.A. disappointing B. wonderful
C. uncomfortable D. important__…and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange__37_quite pleasant taste.
37. A. besides B. but
C. and D. or 根据逻辑推理解题 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost
always fun and interesting, and professors
51 them too because students learn so
much in just a few short months.
50. A. working B. living
C. teaching D. learning
51. A. hold B. like
C. dislike D. discoverPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.???????? ??????
A．dry ????? B．distant ???????
C．deserted ?????? D．wild 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all
2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college.
45. A. came on B. came in
C. came out D. came back从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题利用词汇的复现解题How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill.
51. A. destruction B. decay
C. fault D. hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现象。[例1] Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and …
A. babies B. believers
C. fairies D. supermen一、同词复现[解析]前句说是人们“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有这些_ 是友好的”，承前逻辑，空格处应填“仙女”了，故选C。[例2] There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 .
A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods二、同义复现[解析]前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法(ways)”，冒号后的解释，“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀，或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他，就是其中值得推荐的两种________”，承前逻辑，自然是其中的两种“方法”，与ways同义的是methods，故选D。[例3] Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药) . …“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular三、结构复现[解析] Alfred Nobel引导定语从句的who指代的就是Alfred Nobel，两句是相似的,且两句的后部分的内容各为“发明了炸药”与“找到了更快的杀人方式”，可以想象，两者的意义何等接近！可见，与“变成百万富翁”对应的应当是“变成富裕”，故选C。Step3
Read the passage again and check the answers.
（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）


Tips:
1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文中是否一致)
2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)
3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)
4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理)完形填空之
实战训练 Are dreams of any use to
the dreamer or to anybody
else? We may remember
the traveler who __1_______
the ship Waratah at Durban
because of his terrible
_2_______. The Waratah later
disappeared entirely, with
everyone on _3________. The
traveler’s dreams helped
him and saved him from
_4__________, but they didn’t
help the other people. Why
was this man treated
_5___________ from everyone
else? 1. A. left B. got
C. drove D. enter
2. A. ideas
B. suggestions
C. dreams D. words
3. A. board B. ship
C. sea D. deck
4. A. life B. death
C. illness D. disease
5. A. similarly
B. differently
C. strangely
D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_____ had
a dream about the Black
Forest in Germany. In his
dream he was walking in
the forest _7______ two men
ran out and tried to throw
him to the _8_______. He ran
off as fast as he could, but
they followed. He reached
a place _9_____ he saw two
_10________ roads in front of
him, one to the right and
the other to the left. Which
road ought he to _11______ ? 6. A. alone B. once
C. still D. even
7. A. while B. as
C. before D. when
8. A. floor B. earth
C. soil D. ground
9. A. which B. that
C. where D. who
10. A. same B. separate
C. divided D. crossed
11. A. take B. bring
C. carry D. go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake He heard the two men
_12____ him, getting nearer
and at the same time he
heard a voice in his ear. It
told him to go to the _13__ ,
and he did so. He ran on
and soon came to a small
hotel. He was _14________
here kindly and given a
room, and so he was _15__
from the two men. That
was the dream. 12. A. next to
B. in front of
C. beside D. behind
13. A. house B. hotel
C. left D. right
14. A. accepted
B. received
C. refused D. closed
15. A. killed
B. murdered
C. saved D. robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved16. A. exactly B. really
C. sincerely D. actually
17. A. happened
B. performed
C. acted D. chose
18. A. forgot
B. remembered
C. missed
D. noticed
19. A. arrived B. left
C. reached D. got
20. A. ago B. before
C. later D. after Twenty years later he was
_16_______ in the Black Forest
and as it _17_________ in the
dream long before, two men
ran out and tried to throw him
down. He ran off, and came to
a place with two roads as in
the dream.He_18__________ the
dream and took the road to
the right. He soon _19_______a
small hotel, was taken in, and
so was safe. His dream of
twenty years _20_________ had
Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答案第13题答案