形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法

形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法总结
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….
如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了)
They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)
The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)
I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….
如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)
Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)
They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….
如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)
Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)
They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)
This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：
主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)
Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language (你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….
如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流)
He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
回顾：原级的构成和用法
l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词
2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用" as 十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构；
表示双方不相等时，用" not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构；
3）表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用"倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构．
e.g. Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．
This building looks not so (as) high as that one．
This room is three times as large as that one.
提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．如：
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)
2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．如；
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
3) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．如：
Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double
little/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法
1）little less least修饰不可数名词
2）few fewer fewest修饰可数复数名词
3）much more most修饰不可数名词
4）many more most修饰可数复数名词
If you want to be thinner and healthier, you’d better eat less food and take more exercise.
(4)a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法
1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。。。越。。。
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。。。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
(5) elder的用法
1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级
My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)
2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后
She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。
(6) 注意以下表达式的含义：the same…as(和……一样)，no less than(不少于)，not less than(只有)，had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，other than(除了)，rather than(而不是)，the more…the more/less(越……就越……)
6. 比较级和最高级的构成
1） 加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。
单音节形容词和副词 以不发音的-e结尾的
high higher highest safe safer safest
hard harder hardest late later latest
small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largest
new----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest
辅音字母要双写的情况 以辅音加-y结尾的情况big bigger biggest dry drier driest
hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest
thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest
2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级
多音节的形容词
expensive more expensive most expensive
由形容词加-ly构成的副词
slowly more slowly most slowly
carefully more carefully most carefully
highly more highly most highly
以-ful, -less, -able ,-ous, -ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词
useless more useless most useless
serious more serious most serious
分词形容词tired, pleased及glad, often, real, right, wrong等单音节形容词。
tired more tired most tired
glad more glad most glad
形容词和副词最高级的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义
7.形容词和副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
8. 用于修饰最高级的词
最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
9. 由?ing分词和?ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
10表示"最高程度"的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
1）. most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。
most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级
Most作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。
Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town
2)most作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示：极，十分。前面不用定冠词。
It’s most dangerous to play with fire.
3）most作形容词，修饰名词。
Most作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of同义，但most of后的名词前必须加冠词。
Most of the students had left when he came.
4) mostly :主要地，多半地，相当于mainly
He uses his bike mostly for going to school
5）almost意为：几乎，相当于very nearly.
He spent almost the whole day reading English.
6)at most意为“最多”, 与at least相对
I can pay only twenty dollars at (the ) most.