2021-2022学年江苏牛津译林版八年级英语下册现在完成时公开课 课件(共30张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2021-2022学年江苏牛津译林版八年级英语下册现在完成时公开课 课件(共30张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 9.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-07-16 16:06:49 | ||
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(共30张PPT)
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
s
（1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for，since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
时间状语的表达方法有两种:
for+时间段 for a year, for two weeks
since（自从）+过去的某一时刻 since last week, since 2008
+时间段+ago since 3 days ago
+一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came
for+时间段=since+时间段+ago
基本概念
1.I have been at this school _____ more than two years.
2. She has worked in the factory _____ ten years ago.
3. Mr. Green has lived in the city ______ he was born.
4. His father has been a party member ____ twenty years.
用since或for填空：
for
since
since
for
（2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”等表达) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词already(已经）, just(刚刚）, never（从未）, ever（曾经）, before(以前）, yet（还没有）, recently(最近)等状语连用。例如：
He has lost his wallet.
(He has no money to buy anything now.)
for: 肯定句/疑问句/否定句，表示一段时间
since: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句, 表示“自---以后”
already: 肯定句，用于句中（have/has后）或句末，表示已经发生
yet: 疑问句/否定句, 用于句末，表示“已经”或者“还没有”
just: 肯定句，用于句中（have/has后），表示“刚刚”
ever: 疑问句，用于句中（主语后），表示“曾经”
never: 否定句，用于句中（have/has后），表示“从不”
recently: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示“最近”
before: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，用于句末，表示“以前”
现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:
现在完成时的构成
（1）肯定句：
I/We/You/They + 助动词have + 过去分词+其它
He/She/It + 助动词has + 过去分词+其它
They ______________ their homework. (finish）
He ______________his homework. （finish)
have finished
has finished
（2）否定句
I/We/You/They+have not / haven’t +过去分词+其它
He/She/It +has not / hasn’t +过去分词+其它
They _______________ their homework yet (还未）. (finish）
He ______________ his homework yet. （finish)
haven’t finished
hasn’t finished
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/you/we/they+过去分词+其它？
---Yes, I/you/we/they have.
---No, I/you/we/they haven’t.
---Has +she/he/it+过去分词+其它？
---Yes, she/he/it has.
---No, she/he/it hasn’t.
_______you __________the film (watch)
Yes, I _______.
_______your father ________the film (watch)
No, he _______.
Have watched
have
Has watched
hasn’t
(4)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其它？
The girl has learned English for 6 years.
I have eaten two apples for breakfast.
How long has the girl learned English
What have you eaten for breakfast
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
I bought a new computer last week.
——只强调动作发生在过去。
I have bought a new computer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在没有关系。
而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语，不能与表示过去的时间连用。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past/last few years等不确定的时间状语。in the past/last few years 在过去（到现在）的几年中
in the past/last three years 在过去（到现在）的三年中（即2015-2018）
Let’s try!
1.I ___________(see) the 3D film Avatar. It’s amazing!
I ______(see) it one month ago.
have seen
saw
2.--Is your grandfather still alive
--No, he _____already ______(die).
--When _______he ______(die)
--He ______last year(die).
has died
did die
died
3.---I _______just _______ (hear) of the
earthquake in Tangshan.
---The earthquake
---Yes, it __________(happen) on March 6th, three days ago.
have heard
happened
Let’s try!
4.Mr. Li _______(begin) to work in this factory in 1990.
He ___________ (work) in the factory for 20 years.
5. The Greens _________(live) in China since
they _______(move) here in 2003.
began
has worked
have lived
moved
过去分词的构成
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked, visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived , close---closed---closed
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为
“i” ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双
写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped
区分have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in
We use ‘have (has) been ’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and has already come back.
某人曾经去过某地，人已经从去的地方回来了。
Mille and Amy have been to South Hill. They want to go there again.
Sandy has never been to South Hill.
She wants to go with them.
We use ‘have (has) gone’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and is still there.
某人去了某地（在去的途中或已经到达目的地），
现在还没回来。
Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. They will come back next week.
Suzy is not at home at the moment.
She has gone to the bookshop.
More examples：
My uncle has been to Australia twice.
我叔叔去过澳大利亚两次。
(已从澳大利亚回来。)
--Where’s Li Lei
--He has gone to the library.
--李磊在哪儿？--他去图书馆了。
(人不在这儿，在去图书馆的路上或在图书馆。)
have/has been in 在/来（某地）一段时间了
We have been in France for three years.
我们来法国三年多了。
The foreign teacher has been in China for many years.
这位外教在中国很多年了。
三者的常见用法
have/has been to + 地点 + 次数
have/has gone to + 地点
have/has been in + 地点 + 时间段 / 一般过去时态的时间状语从句
I have been to Beijing twice.
Mary isn’t here. She has gone to Shanghai.
My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days.
We have been in the village since we came here.
后面接地点副词（如here, there, where, home），
不用介词to/ in
Hainan is very beautiful. I have been there three times.
Where has your father gone
How long has he been here
Fill in the blanks with have been (to)/have gone (to)/have been (in)
1. Li Lei ___________Shanghai since three years ago.
2. My parents ___________ Wuxi. They’ll be back in a week.
3.____ she ______ the World Park before
4. Tim can show us the way, because he __________ there many times.
5.---May I speak to Jerry ---Sorry, he _________ home.
6. ---Where _____ you just _____ ---I ___________the teachers’ office.
has been in
have gone to
Has
been to
has been
has gone
have been
have been to
Short actions, such as start, leave and borrow can not be used with a period of time in the present perfect tense. If we want to express a continuous state, we can use another way.
在现在完成时中，短动作，如start, leave and borrow不能和时间段连用。如果我们想要表达一个持续性状态，我们需要用另一种方式（把短暂性动词改成对应的延续性动词）。
borrow
begin/start
be on（ adj. 开始了的，进行中的）
1. Our class began about 5 minutes ago. 课五分钟前开始。
Our class has been on for 5 minutes/since 5 minutes ago.
课已经开始五分钟了。
finish/stop
be over
2. The video finished 4 minutes ago.
The video has been over for 4 minutes/since 4 minutes ago.
arrive/come/go
be in大/at小
3. I arrived at your school an hour ago.
I have been at your school for an hour/since an hour ago.
leave
be away (from)
4. I left Nanjing 5 years ago.
I have been away from Nanjing for 5 years/since 5 years ago.
keep
5. I borrowed the book 4 weeks ago.
I have kept the book for 4 weeks/since 4 weeks ago.
buy
have
join
be in/ be a member of
marry
be married
6. I got married over a year ago.
I have been married for over a year/since over a year ago.
7. I joined the club 4 years ago.
I have been in the club/ have been a member of the club for 4 years/
since 4 years ago.
8. I bought the house 3 years ago.
I have had the house for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
die
be dead
9. The old man died 10 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 10 years/since 10 years ago.
感冒
认识
开业/开办
关闭
起床
醒来
入睡
成为
成为朋友
回去/来
catch a cold
get to know
open
close
get up
wake up
fall asleep
become
make friends
go/come back
return
have a cold
know
be open(adj.开着的)
be closed(adj.关着的)
be up
be awake(adj.醒着的)
be asleep(adj.睡着的)
be
be friends
be back
1. School finished a month ago.
School ________________ for a month.
2. He borrowed this book a week ago.
He ________ this book for a week.
3. She bought this dress three weeks ago.
She ________this dress for three years.
4. My little dog died five months ago.
My little dog ____________ for five months.
has been over
has kept
has had
has been dead
Fill in the blanks with the long actions.用延续性动词填空
5. He arrived in Beijing last year.
He _________ Beijing since a year ago.
has been in
6. The film began half an hour ago.
The film ___________ for half an hour.
7. My parents got married 16 years ago.
My parents ________________ for 16 years.
8. He left China three years ago.
He __________________ China for 3 years.
9. The man joined the club two years ago.
The man ____________________/___________
_______ the club since two years ago.
10. She went there half a year ago.
She _____________ there for half a year.
has been on
have been married
has been away from
has been a member of
has been
in
has been
HANK YOU
T
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
s
（1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for，since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
时间状语的表达方法有两种:
for+时间段 for a year, for two weeks
since（自从）+过去的某一时刻 since last week, since 2008
+时间段+ago since 3 days ago
+一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came
for+时间段=since+时间段+ago
基本概念
1.I have been at this school _____ more than two years.
2. She has worked in the factory _____ ten years ago.
3. Mr. Green has lived in the city ______ he was born.
4. His father has been a party member ____ twenty years.
用since或for填空：
for
since
since
for
（2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”等表达) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词already(已经）, just(刚刚）, never（从未）, ever（曾经）, before(以前）, yet（还没有）, recently(最近)等状语连用。例如：
He has lost his wallet.
(He has no money to buy anything now.)
for: 肯定句/疑问句/否定句，表示一段时间
since: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句, 表示“自---以后”
already: 肯定句，用于句中（have/has后）或句末，表示已经发生
yet: 疑问句/否定句, 用于句末，表示“已经”或者“还没有”
just: 肯定句，用于句中（have/has后），表示“刚刚”
ever: 疑问句，用于句中（主语后），表示“曾经”
never: 否定句，用于句中（have/has后），表示“从不”
recently: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，表示“最近”
before: 肯定句/否定句/疑问句，用于句末，表示“以前”
现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:
现在完成时的构成
（1）肯定句：
I/We/You/They + 助动词have + 过去分词+其它
He/She/It + 助动词has + 过去分词+其它
They ______________ their homework. (finish）
He ______________his homework. （finish)
have finished
has finished
（2）否定句
I/We/You/They+have not / haven’t +过去分词+其它
He/She/It +has not / hasn’t +过去分词+其它
They _______________ their homework yet (还未）. (finish）
He ______________ his homework yet. （finish)
haven’t finished
hasn’t finished
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/you/we/they+过去分词+其它？
---Yes, I/you/we/they have.
---No, I/you/we/they haven’t.
---Has +she/he/it+过去分词+其它？
---Yes, she/he/it has.
---No, she/he/it hasn’t.
_______you __________the film (watch)
Yes, I _______.
_______your father ________the film (watch)
No, he _______.
Have watched
have
Has watched
hasn’t
(4)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其它？
The girl has learned English for 6 years.
I have eaten two apples for breakfast.
How long has the girl learned English
What have you eaten for breakfast
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
I bought a new computer last week.
——只强调动作发生在过去。
I have bought a new computer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在没有关系。
而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语，不能与表示过去的时间连用。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past/last few years等不确定的时间状语。in the past/last few years 在过去（到现在）的几年中
in the past/last three years 在过去（到现在）的三年中（即2015-2018）
Let’s try!
1.I ___________(see) the 3D film Avatar. It’s amazing!
I ______(see) it one month ago.
have seen
saw
2.--Is your grandfather still alive
--No, he _____already ______(die).
--When _______he ______(die)
--He ______last year(die).
has died
did die
died
3.---I _______just _______ (hear) of the
earthquake in Tangshan.
---The earthquake
---Yes, it __________(happen) on March 6th, three days ago.
have heard
happened
Let’s try!
4.Mr. Li _______(begin) to work in this factory in 1990.
He ___________ (work) in the factory for 20 years.
5. The Greens _________(live) in China since
they _______(move) here in 2003.
began
has worked
have lived
moved
过去分词的构成
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked, visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived , close---closed---closed
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为
“i” ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双
写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped
区分have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in
We use ‘have (has) been ’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and has already come back.
某人曾经去过某地，人已经从去的地方回来了。
Mille and Amy have been to South Hill. They want to go there again.
Sandy has never been to South Hill.
She wants to go with them.
We use ‘have (has) gone’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and is still there.
某人去了某地（在去的途中或已经到达目的地），
现在还没回来。
Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. They will come back next week.
Suzy is not at home at the moment.
She has gone to the bookshop.
More examples：
My uncle has been to Australia twice.
我叔叔去过澳大利亚两次。
(已从澳大利亚回来。)
--Where’s Li Lei
--He has gone to the library.
--李磊在哪儿？--他去图书馆了。
(人不在这儿，在去图书馆的路上或在图书馆。)
have/has been in 在/来（某地）一段时间了
We have been in France for three years.
我们来法国三年多了。
The foreign teacher has been in China for many years.
这位外教在中国很多年了。
三者的常见用法
have/has been to + 地点 + 次数
have/has gone to + 地点
have/has been in + 地点 + 时间段 / 一般过去时态的时间状语从句
I have been to Beijing twice.
Mary isn’t here. She has gone to Shanghai.
My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days.
We have been in the village since we came here.
后面接地点副词（如here, there, where, home），
不用介词to/ in
Hainan is very beautiful. I have been there three times.
Where has your father gone
How long has he been here
Fill in the blanks with have been (to)/have gone (to)/have been (in)
1. Li Lei ___________Shanghai since three years ago.
2. My parents ___________ Wuxi. They’ll be back in a week.
3.____ she ______ the World Park before
4. Tim can show us the way, because he __________ there many times.
5.---May I speak to Jerry ---Sorry, he _________ home.
6. ---Where _____ you just _____ ---I ___________the teachers’ office.
has been in
have gone to
Has
been to
has been
has gone
have been
have been to
Short actions, such as start, leave and borrow can not be used with a period of time in the present perfect tense. If we want to express a continuous state, we can use another way.
在现在完成时中，短动作，如start, leave and borrow不能和时间段连用。如果我们想要表达一个持续性状态，我们需要用另一种方式（把短暂性动词改成对应的延续性动词）。
borrow
begin/start
be on（ adj. 开始了的，进行中的）
1. Our class began about 5 minutes ago. 课五分钟前开始。
Our class has been on for 5 minutes/since 5 minutes ago.
课已经开始五分钟了。
finish/stop
be over
2. The video finished 4 minutes ago.
The video has been over for 4 minutes/since 4 minutes ago.
arrive/come/go
be in大/at小
3. I arrived at your school an hour ago.
I have been at your school for an hour/since an hour ago.
leave
be away (from)
4. I left Nanjing 5 years ago.
I have been away from Nanjing for 5 years/since 5 years ago.
keep
5. I borrowed the book 4 weeks ago.
I have kept the book for 4 weeks/since 4 weeks ago.
buy
have
join
be in/ be a member of
marry
be married
6. I got married over a year ago.
I have been married for over a year/since over a year ago.
7. I joined the club 4 years ago.
I have been in the club/ have been a member of the club for 4 years/
since 4 years ago.
8. I bought the house 3 years ago.
I have had the house for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
die
be dead
9. The old man died 10 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 10 years/since 10 years ago.
感冒
认识
开业/开办
关闭
起床
醒来
入睡
成为
成为朋友
回去/来
catch a cold
get to know
open
close
get up
wake up
fall asleep
become
make friends
go/come back
return
have a cold
know
be open(adj.开着的)
be closed(adj.关着的)
be up
be awake(adj.醒着的)
be asleep(adj.睡着的)
be
be friends
be back
1. School finished a month ago.
School ________________ for a month.
2. He borrowed this book a week ago.
He ________ this book for a week.
3. She bought this dress three weeks ago.
She ________this dress for three years.
4. My little dog died five months ago.
My little dog ____________ for five months.
has been over
has kept
has had
has been dead
Fill in the blanks with the long actions.用延续性动词填空
5. He arrived in Beijing last year.
He _________ Beijing since a year ago.
has been in
6. The film began half an hour ago.
The film ___________ for half an hour.
7. My parents got married 16 years ago.
My parents ________________ for 16 years.
8. He left China three years ago.
He __________________ China for 3 years.
9. The man joined the club two years ago.
The man ____________________/___________
_______ the club since two years ago.
10. She went there half a year ago.
She _____________ there for half a year.
has been on
have been married
has been away from
has been a member of
has been
in
has been
HANK YOU
T