暑期英语提升（七升八）八年级上- 动词不定式考点精讲

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词不定式考点精讲
形式
主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
初中阶段不定式主要涉及一般式to do和to be done。不定式的否定形式就是把not加在to之前。
用法
主语
To be a teacher is my dream.
当老师是我的梦想。
★ 高频考点
动词不定式常作句子的主语，但在多数情况下常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。
It took us two hours to finish the job.
完成这个工作花了我两小时。
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
对我们来说准时到那里是不可能的。
It is very kind of you to help us.
你能帮我们真是太好了。
▲ 易错提醒
It is+ adj. of/for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当形容词是表示人的特性、品质时（kind, nice, silly（愚蠢的）, selfish（自私的）等）后+of；当形容词是表示事物特点、特征或表示客观形式时（easy、hard、difficult、interesting、important、impossible等）后+for。
It was silly of us to believe him.
我们真是太傻了去相信他。
It's difficult for him to work out the math problem.
对他来说算出这道数学题很难。
作宾语
动词+不定式
He managed to escape from the fire. 他成功地从火灾中逃脱出来。
★高频考点
下列动词后可以直接+to do：want 想, try 尝试, hope 希望, wish 希望, need 需要, expect 期望, plan 计划, pretend 假装, promise 承诺, refuse 拒绝, help 帮助, decide 决定, begin 开始, start 开始, learn 学会, agree 同意, choose 选择, get 让，等。
动词+疑问词+不定式
下列动词后可以+疑问词+to do：know 知道, learn 学会, decide 决定, wonder 想知道, remember 记得, forget 忘记, show 展示, understand 理解, see 看见, hear 听见, find out 找出, explain 解释, tell 告诉， 等。
Please learn how to do that.
请学一下该怎么做。
I wonder what to do next.
我想知道下一步做什么。
动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式
下列动词后可以+间接宾语+疑问词+to do：tell 告诉, show 展示, teach 教， 等。
The teacher teach me how to play chess.
老师教我如何下棋。
Could you tell me how to get to the theatre？ 你能告诉我怎么到电影院吗？
作状语
表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to, so as to, so...as to, such ...as to,...enough to, too...to...等。
做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)...as to...（如此……以便……）
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班公交车。
He came to the school to see his son. 他来学校来看他的儿子。
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
他匆忙跑到邮局却发现关门了。
He searched the room only to find nothing.
他搜遍了屋子却什么都没找到。
★ 高频考点
too + 形容词或副词 + to do 或 形容词或副词+enough + to do too...to do 太…以致于不能
It is too late to do anything now.
现在做什么都为时太晚了。
句型转换：so +形容词或副词+ that
It is so late that you can't do anything now.
形容词或副词+enough + to do 足够…以致于可以
He is strong enough to lift the case.
他力气足够大，可以提起这个箱子。句型转换：so +形容词或副词+ that He is so strong that he can lift the case.
做原因状语。
We were very excited to hear the news.
听到这个消息我们很激动。
I'm glad to see you.
很高兴见到你。
做条件状语。
To turn to the left , you could find a post office.
向左转你就能看到邮局。
作表语
His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名老师。
Her work is to look after the babies.
她的工作是照顾小孩子们。
作定语
I have a lot of work to do.
我有大量的工作要做。
She has got lots of questions to ask.
她有很多的问题要问。
※ 知识拓展
不定式常用于修饰表示序列意义的词
She was the first person to think of the idea.
她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
I was the last to go to bed in my family on Christmas Eve.
平安夜晚上我是我们家最后一个上床睡觉的人。
作宾语补足语
常用格式：动词+ sb. + to do sth.
该类动词有：ask, want, invite（邀请）, order（命令）, allow（允许）, advise（建议）, encourage（鼓励）, force（强迫）, permit（允许）, persuade（说服）, remind（提醒）等。
We invited Professor Wang to give a lecture.
我们邀请王教授来给我们做讲座。
She persuaded her husband to give up the idea.
她说服她的丈夫放弃那个想法。
to省略现象
make / have / let + sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
see / notice / watch / feel / hear + sb. do sth. 看见/注意/看/感觉/听见某人做某事的过程
动词+ to do不定式结构
该类动词：believe, think, consider （认为）, know
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是我们班最好的学生之一。
help sb. to do/ help sb. do / help to do/ help do 都可以
The medicine helps (to) relieve your headache.
这个药帮助缓解你的头疼。
The girl helped her mother (to) do some housework.
这个女孩帮她妈妈做一些家务
※ 知识拓展
动词不定式的否定式：not to do
Tell him not to shut the window. 告诉他不要关窗。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过的时候，她假装没有看见我。
巧学妙记
后跟省略to的不定式作宾补的动词+do
一“感”（feel），二“听”（hear，listen to）三“让”（make，let，have），四“看”（watch，notice，see，look at） “半”帮助（help后可省略to，也可带to）
巧学妙记
用不定式作宾语的动词+to do
想要，忘记，拒绝（want，forget，refuse）； 需要，努力，学习（need，try，learn）；
喜欢，同意，帮助（like，agree，help）；
希望，决定，开始（hope/wish，decide，begin/start）
★ 高频考点
固定句式（to省略）
Why not do sth. 为什么不……
Why not go out to play football 为什么不出去踢足球？
Let's do sth. 让我们做……
Let's go shopping, shall we 我们去购物吧，好吗？
had better do sth. 最好做某事
You had better wait until he comes back. 你做好等着直到他回来。
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
I would rather eat nothing. 我宁愿什么都不吃。
练习
一．单项选择
( )1.-- Have you ever read the traditional story Yu Gong moves a Mountain？
-- Yes, our teacher often advises us_____more meaningful traditional books．
A.reading B.reads C.read D.to read
( )2.The show was so funny that it made everyoneagain and again．
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
( )3.-The food is very delicious. I'm very full.
-Why don't you_____a walk with me
A. take B. to takeC. takes D. took
( )4.-What did Mr.Green say to his son
-He told him_______.
A.didn't smoke B.don't smoke C.not to smoke D,not smoke
( )5.You'd betterfootball on the road.
A.not play B.not to play C.not playing D.play
( )6.They decided_____a house in the city after discussing with each other.
A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought
( )7.They make the little boy_____the room every day.
A.cleans B.clean C.to clean D.cleaning
二．填空题
1.The poor boy in the street asked the man_______(give)him some money.
答案及解析
一．单选题
1.答案：D
解析：根据our teacher often advises us more
meaningful traditional books可知句子考查advise sb to do sth表示建议某人做某事．故选：D．
2.答案：A
解析：这个节目如此有趣以至于使每个人都笑了一次又一次． 根据The show was so funny that it made everyone_____ again and again，可知这里考查了make sb do sth．让某人做某事．后面跟的是动词原形．
3.答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：— 这食物很美味，我吃的很饱。— 为什么不跟我一起散散步呢？这里是固定句式，why don't you+动词原形，表示为什么不做某事呢，因此选A。
4.答案：C
解析：smoke是一个动词,意思是吸烟;句中told的原形是tell,意思是告诉,它的句型是tell sb.to do sth.,其否定形式应该在动词不定式前加not,根据句子结构He told him可知该句应用not to smoke;故选C.
5.答案：A
解析：You'd better (not) do... 最好(不要)做某事。
6.答案：B
解析：句意:他们互相讨论之后,决定在城市里买一座房子。A buy 动词原形,B to buy动词不定式;C buying现在分词或动名词; D bought过去式。decide to do sth决定做某事,故用to buy。故选B。
7.答案：B
解析：考察动词辨析.句中意思为让小孩男孩打扫卫生,固定搭配为make sb do sth,所以空格处应该填入动词原形,所以选择B.
二．填空题
1.答案：to give
解析：句意“在大街上，这个贫困的小男孩要这个男人给她一些钱”。根据ask sb to do sth可知，故填to give。
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