小升初书面表达讲义稿（共三节）

　
第一节 小升初英语书面表达解题技巧教案稿件
一般说来，小升初英语书面表达测试的主要内容都是以日常生活为背景，进行简单的会话或写作。例如：问候、问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍等功能意念项目和简单的应用文，例如：便条、通知、短信等。一个题目写10个左右的句子，字数为60－90个左右
一、小升初英语书面表达常见题型
1. 看图写作 1）．看图写句子。
2）．看图填词。
3）．看图回答问题。4）．看图写短文（记叙文、说明文、议论文、日记及应用文）
2．提示作文 1）、根据所给标题写2）、根据英语情景提示写作3）、根据英汉提示写作3 .补全对话
二、书面表达题型特点
1．所选题材多是学生熟悉的，比较贴近实际生活；
2．需要的使用语言材料是学生自己掌握的；
3．对字数的要求一般都在70个单词左右；
4．通过文字说明或图画对考生所写内容进行限定。
三、书面表达解题技巧
1．写作前
(1) 仔细审题。考生在写作之前首先要弄清题目的要求，认真考虑要写的题目、题材、格式和情景，也就是说要弄清题目所说的情景、要求表达的要点、要求使用的文体、格式及行文内容等。
范文1：
根据图示，用英语写一篇题为“Changes in People’s Life”的短文，介绍过去和现在人们生活的变化。
要求：1.词数在70个左右。
2．把图中所示内容表达完整，条理清晰，意思连贯。
3．开头部分已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词：apartment 公寓
Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the past 20 years.
In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending _____________________________________________________________
通过审题可知，本文体裁为说明文，使用一般过去时和一般现在时。
(2) 准备写作。考生在写作之前先列提纲，也就是说要完整无缺地写出要点，这是组织语言，形成短文的基础。书面表达的评分依据之一就是内容要点。因此，在认真审题、弄清题意基础上，应逐个地完美无缺地把内容要点列出来，然后翻译成英文短语或句子，以便下一步组织语言，形成短文。但要注意：要点不要遗漏，非要点不必添加；将要点翻译成英语时，要尽量用你最熟悉的常用词汇和基本句型。
以上图书面表达题为例。该题内容要点有以下八点：
(1) letters 寄信
(2) listen to the radio 听收音机
(3) go to school by bike 骑自行车上学
(4) room; small 屋子很小
(5) make a telephone call / call sb. / ring sb. up 打电话
(6) watch TV 看电视
(7) go to school by car 坐小汽车上学
(8) live in apartment / large rooms 住在公寓里
2. 写作中
(1) 要书写工整、规范，保持卷面整洁。
(2) 要用最熟悉的、最有把握的词汇和基本句型，语言表达还要流畅，符合英美人士的表达习惯，避免汉式英语。
五种基本句型结构：
A．S + V （主语 + 不及物动词）
B．S + V + P （主语 + 连系动词 + 表语）
C．S + V + O （主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语）
D．S + V + IO + DO（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）
E．S + V + O + C （主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）
(3) 注意英汉语法方面的差异、词的形式变化；还要注意时态、语态的正确运用。如果在写作中遇到不会的单词、词组和句子，可以找同义词和同义句型来代替。
根据以上图片和列出的要点可以写出以下句子：
Picture 1: …by sending letters.
Picture 2: They would listen to the radio for news and other information.
Picture 3: Children used to go to school by bicycle.
Children went to school by bicycle in the past.
Picture 4: Big families had to share small rooms.
They lived in small rooms.
Picture 5: Now people can talk to others by telephone.
Now people can make telephone calls to their family or friends.
Picture 6: They can watch TV at home.
They can watch news or other programmes on TV.
Picture 7: Children go to school by car.
Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars.
Picture 8: More and more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms.（4）用连词成句的方法将要点的英文词语扩展成句子，然后再用连词成文的方法来组织语言，形成短文。常用的连接词语有so, but, when, and, first, then, not only... but also, for example, by the way, from now on, at first, at last, in a word等。One possible version:
Changes in People’s Life
Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to the radio for news. Children used to go to school by bicycle. And big families had to share small rooms.
Now people can talk to others by telephone or (they can talk) on the internet at home. When they are free, they watch the news and other programmes on TV. Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More and more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms.
In a word, people live better than before.
3. 写作后 通读全文，检查复核。这是做好书面表达的一个不可缺少的步骤。在写好短文后，从题目要求上要对全文进行检查和修改。要注意字数是否符合；体裁格式是否正确；内容要点是否全面；语言表达上是否有错误，大到主谓一致、时态呼应、习惯用法、小至单词拼写、大小写及标点符号，都不可以放过。
第二节 小升初英语书面表达高分四大法宝教案稿件
一、善于思考 勤于积累
要想在小升初作文中拿到高分，这需要考生在日常生活中善于观察，不能两耳不闻窗外事，而应积极关注当今社会热点，如08年奥运会，07年年底中国南方的雪灾，老年人口递增问题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )、污染问题、世界和平等一系列现象；要善于思考，勤于把自己的思想用英语正确地表达和记录下来，只有通过不断的积累和磨练，才能练就良好的写作基本功。建议大家在考前把今年的相关重点问题，热点问题回顾一下。积累一些相关词汇，有备无患。
二、认真审题 写好提纲
考生在拿到试卷之后，当听力题做完，可以先看一看作文的题目与类型，对它有一个大致的印象和准备，在做语法和阅读题时对自己的作文能有一个初步的构思。应尽可能地留出20分钟的时间来写作文。在正式写作文时，可参照以下步骤：
1、认真审题，确定题目中的关键词。
2、展开一次“Brain Storm”即头脑风暴，对该题引申出各种联想和论点。
3、根据自己已有的经验和词汇量选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和论点来写作。
4、确定基本的写作时态，如记叙文通常用一般过去时。（时态运用错误是考生们大量失分的主要原因。）
5、对于有能力的同学，注意不能通篇均用简单句型，可适当引入初中的语法重点如状语从句、宾语从句和被动语态等。这会使考生的作文有质的提高。
6．从基本句型、词组入手，完成文章。
　任何文章都由句子组成，句子又由词组、基本句型构成。掌握好词组、基本句型，再配上合适的时态。一篇文章就基本完成。这是几年教学实践中获得的切实可行的方法。考试得分要素是关键词组、句型。因此书面表达要从词组、句型训练入手，强化基础知识。
7、当整篇作文写完，一定要进行仔细的检查，注意使句子流畅，时态运用准确，单词拼写正确，冠词运用正确，名词的大小写正确。
三、 掌握各种体裁文章格式 （1）记叙文 　这是最普遍、最基本的一种文体。写作中应遵循以下几点。〈1〉交待要素，即人、时、地、事。〈2〉按事件发生的先后顺序叙述完整、具体。〈3〉要重点突出，目的明确。记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事，原则上通常用过去时态写。
（2） 日记 　这是把自己当天生活中经历的有意义的事以及见闻或感受记录下来的书面形式。文体自由，通常用第一人称写。
格式如下：
a. Oct 26 , 1999 Wednesday Fine
　　It is two months since I began this diary.......
b. Friday, May 1st, Cloudy
　　Today is May Day ......
(注意：常用以表示天气的词有Fine, Cloudy, Rainy, Windy, Snow等)
(3)书信 一般分为私人信函和正式信函。英文书信从信封到正文，其格式与汉语有许多不同。书信由以下几个部分构成：
a. 信封 寄信人地址写在信封左上角，地址由小到大。
b. 信内地址 发信人姓名、地址写在正文的右上方。
四、 多读、多背好文章、范文。 　"熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟"，英语文章也是如此。平时多读多杯背好文章、好句子、谚语、俗语，写书面表达十会起到画龙点睛的作用，而这些句子、文章往往就在我们身边。
Useful structure and good sentences:
a. It is time for sb. to do sth.
　b. I would like to.....
c . It is + adj. + to do sth.
　d. Thank you for teaching us so well.　e. Best wishes for Teachers' Day. f. It's really nice of you .
g. I hope everything goes well.
"熟能生巧"这是古训，同样适用于英语写作。在平时学习中多留意，多收集素材，写作时就不会手忙脚乱，无从下手。只要你能坚持多读、多背好句子，好文章，便可轻松写出满意的文章。见补充资料《俚语》<习语>《翻译》《52句作文句型》《谚语》--------让学生分节次背会。
第三节 小升初作文题型分析与例文评析
命题作文
命题作文即给出一个统一的题目，限定考生写作的具体范围，要求考生就同一主题展开叙述或评论。写好命题作文的关键是紧扣主题、立意明确、观点清晰。
［例1］To be a lovely Shanghainese
审题：该题的重点在于阐述作为一个可爱的上海人，我们关键应怎样做？有一部分同学发生了严重的偏题，把描述重点放在形容上海是怎样的一个大都市，因此失分很多。由此看来，审题的准确是非常重要的。
学生作文：Shanghai is developing quickly everyday. Quite a few foreigners come to visit Shanghai. As the hosts of Shanghai, we must be lovely Shanghaineses to tell the visitors that Shanghai is an international city. To be a lovely Shanghainese, first, we should do our best to make the city more beautiful to show our enthusiasm. Next, we should be kind and friendly to everyone. We must do so to make our guests fell our zeal. Finally, we should study and work hard to rise our ability. Shanghai is developing and we should make progress to follow the epoch.
教师评析：该篇作文行文流畅，结构清晰，以“first，Next，Finally”的结构描述，层次感很强。不定式的恰当运用体现了考生较好的语法功底。
(二)应用文写作
应用文主要包括信函、电邮、日记、通知、广告、电话等形式，它要求考生不仅能表达题中的主要内容，还能够正确地运用各种文本格式进行规范的书写，这也是考生对于英语传统文化 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )了解多少的反映。因此，考生应在临考前系统地复习各种文本格式以及打电话的规范用语，以做到处变不惊、百战百胜。
［例2］写一封信给你在云南省西双版纳市的笔友李帆，告诉他你很愿意与他交朋友，并邀请他到上海来旅行。
审题：该题要求考生以规范的信件格式来书写，并把题中所出现的信息点都涵概在内。建议考生可把题目中的信息点都一一划出，以免发生遗漏。
学生作文：
Lifan
Xishuangbanna
Yunnan Province China
May 25th, 2004
Dear Lifan,
Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to be your pen-friend. We are the same years old, but we were born in different places. In my imagination, Xishuangbanna is a very beautiful place. There are a lot of plants and animals. You know I look forward to visiting Xishuangbanna. Would you like to come to Shanghai I'd like to invite you to Shanghai in summer holiday. Shanghai is also a beautiful place. It is a modern city. There are a lot of interesting places such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the Bund, and Nanjing Road Walkway.
If you come here, I will show you around Shanghai. You can live at my home and my mother will cook you much delicious food. Let's be best friends!
Yours sincerely,
Xiaomin
［例3］写一篇题为“A Visit To_____”的日记。
审题：该题为半命题式作文。考生除了要注意运用正确的日记格式，还可根据自己的经验和熟悉程度来选择、确定文章的主题.
学生作文：
May 25th, 2004 sunny
A Visit To Jinmao Building
Jinmao Building has Chinese traditional styles and it is also modern. It is the signal construction of Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial Area. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.
The traffic there is very convenient. You can got here by tunnel and No.2 subway. And if you live near it, you can walk there just like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw the whole view of Shanghai there. Please come toJinmao Building, and you will get some unexpected gains there.
教师评析：整篇作文主题明确，对于金茂大厦的描述也较具体，文中“the signal construction”一词是全文的亮点。但整篇文章的层次不够清晰，句子也以简单句为主，对于参观这一动词的阐述还不够充分。
练习写作：
请以"My Classmate"为标题写一篇记叙文
要求:1、主题明确。语言流畅。思路清晰。 2、字数在100字以内。
思路点拨
写记叙文要按照事物发展的客观规律叙述,所叙述的内容要交代清楚,条理清晰,重点突出,主次分明,详略得当。
这篇文章也是记叙文,主人公应该用第三人称,时态以一般过去时为主。本文以主人公为中心线索,以一、两件事件为重点内容去组织材料,反映主人公的形象特征。整个内容情节要合情合理,有真实感,叙述时可按事情发展的顺序进行,同时加以点评。
参考范文
My Classmate
Liu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others.
One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved. She told him where she lived, and he took her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised for what he had done.
根据下面的提示，以“Talking about Having Sports”为题编写一段对话（字数：80－－120）。
提示：
Susan每天下午参加体育 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )活动。她喜欢游泳，每星期游泳一次。David在中学时代也常游泳，但现在没有时间，人也开始发胖了。Susan邀请David当天下午一起去游泳，并约定下午三点在游泳池见面。
Talking about Having Sports
David： Susan, you like sports, don’t you
Susan： Yes. I have sports every afternoon.
David： Do you often go swimming
Susan： Yes, I go swimming once a week.
David： I used to swim at middle school, but I don’t have time any more.
Susan： That’s too bad! Exercise is very important.
David： I know. I am getting fat, you see. Anyway, I don’t want to be heavy.
Susan： Well, I’m going to swim this afternoon. Do you want to go with me
David： OK! I really need more exercises. When and where shall we meet
Susan： How about three o’clock, at the swimming-pool
David： All right. Good-bye!
Susan： Good-bye!
书面表达试题预测
一、北京奥运一名志愿者让外国朋友更多地了解北京
（ 2002 年黄冈市）小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己为北京奥运会做一名志愿者：他努力帮助来自世界各国的外国朋友……在交谈中，小明让外国朋友更多地了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明，并认为小明的英语非常好。小明很高兴，他甜蜜地笑了……
请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象，写一段 80 词左右的短文。开始语和结束语均已给出（不计入总词数）。
内容要求：
（ 1 ）帮助外国朋友；（ 2 ）与外国朋友交谈；（ 3 ）感谢小明；（ 4 ）小明很高兴。
词汇参考： try （ do ） one's best ， find （ that ）， heavy （ lost ）， carry （ show ， take ）， taxi （ car ， bike ）， on the way ， talk with （ about ）
Xiao Ming had a dream （梦） last night . In the dream ， he volunteered to serve （志愿列队） the Beijing Olympics .
Xiao Ming had a dream last night. In the dream, he volunteered to serve the Beijing Olympics. He tried his best to help the foreign friends from different countries. When he found a foreign friend worried in the street, he went up to him and asked him what was the matter. The foreigner told Xiao Ming he was Jack, and he forgot the way to the Sun Hotel. Then Xiao Ming stopped a taxi and took him to the Sun Hotel. Xiao Ming talked with Jack on the way and made Jack know more about Beijing. Jack thanked Xiao Ming very much and thought Xiao Ming's English was very good. Xiao Ming was very happy. He smiled and smiled, then he woke up.
二、我与奥运
New Beijing, Great Olympics
The 2008 Olympic Game has been the most cheerful and anticipated event throughout Beijing ever since Beijing was rewarded the right to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, yet the focus should be shifted from making a promise to fulfilling the promise made.
In my point of view, to bridge the gap between the promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. To begin with, infrastructure construction should be the primary concern. Such infrastructures as communications and transportation system and facilities ought to draw our constant attention. First, traffic jam has been an age?old headache in Beijing. The scene of long queues of vehicles worming their way inch by inch will surely cause great incontinence, and blemish the image of the city meanwhile. Next, to add enchantment to convenience, overall city?planning is indispensable. Time permitting, a redesign of city layout and adjustment of architectural style would provide a better environment for fostering the characteristic, blending, oriental elegance with international grandeur, will tower aloft among surrounding architectures. To achieve such effect, Beijing shall solicit opinions from first?rate architects and make an overall plan. Thirdly, quality of the population should be improved. To make an international metropolis, both “hardware” and “software” are important.
However, Rome was not built in a day. To carry out the promise of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”, deeds speak louder than words.
三、北京将举办2008年奥运会，做为一个小学生你将为奥运做些什么
We've been waiting for so long,and at last it comes true!The 29th Olympic Games will be held in our great country.It's not only a time to show how strong our altiletes are but also a valuable chance to exhibit how beautiful and thriving our country is!
We are junior school students now ,so we have to do something for the Olympic Games.We can pay attention to protect our environment or do some other things to do a little contribution to the famous activity.
I hope the 29th Olympic Games will be held successfully!
四、2008年奥运会我要做一名志愿者
I want to be a volunteer of beijing olympic games. I realized the time flies.I must study english very hard. Because English is very useful and it is very important. And to be a volunteer of the olympic games is good for myself too.I can make some friends from different countries and learn more about sport,about olympic. But the first thing to perpare this is study hard, I am confident i will to be a good volunteer and I will show the world:our country and our cities are so perfect in the world.