中考英语阅读理解解题技巧分析讲解课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
是什么？ ——阅读理解概述
得阅读者得高分
1.提高阅读准确性和速度
2.归纳和总结文章要旨
3.限时训练
1.基础词汇
2.构词法
1. 对句子本身的理解：分析句子结构
2. 对句子弦外之音的感悟：联系上下文
是什么？ ——阅读理解概述
是什么？ ——阅读理解概述
考什么——阅读理解题型
广义细节题
怎么做——阅读理解做题步骤
阅
解
理
读
细读题干：找出题干或选项中明显关键词
定位原文：定位关键词所在原文中的整句话
怎么做——细节题战略战术
题目设置的顺序和文章行文顺序一致，第一题从文章开头找答案句, 若第二题找不到答案句就先做第三题，第二题的答案句在第一题和第三题之间
解答细节题时分析选项，缩小备选范围
解答词义理解题
解答事实细节题
（题干关键有用信息多）
解答细节判断题和推理判断题（题干关键有用信息少 只能看选项）
题干关键词定位法——分析题干 勾划关键词
事实
细
节
题
特点：
有用关键词较多
和文章对应多
（举例说明）
题干关键词
大写（人名,地名,组织）
数字（阿拉伯数字,英文数字）
明显，方便定位答案句
特殊疑问词（What, When, Where, Why, Who, How many…）
答案应该长什么样子，方便定位答案句
名词
动词
形容词
在没有上面两类关键词的情况下，勾划这三类词性为关键定位词
事实细
节
题
查看选项，看能否缩小备选范围，再定位回原文找答案句
查看选项看什么？？？ —— 有没有包含绝对词的选项
绝对排除法—— 80%错误选项 暂时排除
事实细
节
题
题干关键词定位法
.
.
In order to do something different, Jessie decided to ________.
A. read books B. travel
C. mow the lawn D. watch TV
Jessie felt her life so boring one summer day. She was tired of watching TV, she read all her books, and her friends were on vacation. She wanted something different to do. Suddenly, she saw the lawn mower (割草机) sitting in the yard.
实战演练
绝对排除法
.
.
Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores
A. Because he wants to do some good to the environment.
B. Because he thinks plastic bags are more expensive.
C. Because there are only cloth bags in stores.
D. Because all the people use cloth bags in stores.
Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏) of our environment. Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals…, these problems seem so huge.
So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive...
But does it do any good When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world
实战演练
选项关键词定位法——先看题干（right？wrong？）
细
节
判断
题
（题干关键词的有用信息较少）再分析选项
根据选项中的关键词回文章中一 一定位，
判断对错
大写（人名,地名,组织）
数字（阿拉伯数字,英文数字）
明显，方便定位答案句
名词
动词
形容词
在没有上面这类明显关键词的情况下，勾划这三类词性为关键定位词
细
节
判断
题
四个选项先看哪一个呢？
“ 6大关注” 选项优先查看包含这6个语法现象的选项（较容易是干扰项或正确答案）
6大关注出现在文章中的时候也要关注，有极大可能出现答案句
细
节
判断
题
1
数字：1936，two，first，hundred(s), thousand(s) , million(s) , billion(s)
2
因果：because, because of, due to, as, since, for, cause, lead to, therefore, so
3
转折：but, however, on the contrary, while, yet, though, although
4
比较：than, compare with, more, less, as…as…, adj.-er(比较级)
5
否定：no, not, never, few, little, dis-, un-, im-, in-, -less
6
特殊符号：——，：，（）
.
.
Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏) of our environment……. So my family does what we can…….We walk where we don’t have to drive...
But does it do any good ……I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟) which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when ……
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Even if we can walk there, we still drive over.
B. Flamingos like to get together in groups of a thousand or more.
C. Brown clouds and polluted water are the only problems we face today.
D. When a few of the flamingos first take off from the lake, all the others follow at once.
实战演练
选项关键词定位法
guess，infer from，learn，write…to, believe，suggest……
推理
判断
题
推理判断—小技巧
推理
判断
题
答案往往是根据原文的推断，原文的原句不会是正确选项，可以直接排除
Microsoft founder Bill Gates has talked about how to be a good parent, saying that 13 is a right age for a child’s first cell phone. The 57-year-old father of three said on the Today show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their thirteenth birthday and his younger daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one.
How old is Phoebe
A. Maybe 11 years old. B. Maybe 13 years old.
C. Maybe 15 years old. D. Maybe 17 years old.
实战演练
代入语境法
猜测词义
题
小技巧
代入语境法
猜测词义
题
选项中文/英文一一代入文章中下划线词的位置，根据上下文语境去理解，哪个说得通就选择哪一个
如果选项是英文，而单词不认识，那做对题的几率会大大降低，一定要背单词！！！
What does the underlined part “keep an eye on ”mean
A. 保护 B. 注视 C. 培养 D. 瞄准
Mom thought for a while and then decided to let Jessie give it a try. After all, she was home and would keep an eye on her.
实战演练
再来一把小牛刀
I waited for him to start preschool, primary school, middle school and college. I waited with dread for him to start driving. And I waited up every time he came home late.
I wait for my son to grow up, but that doesn’t mean the waiting game is over. It never really ends.
What does the underlined word “dread” mean_________
A. 激动 B. 骄傲 C. 厌恶 D. 害怕
排除
细节法
高频词对应法
对应首尾法
抽象概括法
标题选帽法
怎么做——主旨题战略战术
best title；mainly；theme；purpose……+passage
主
旨
大
意
题
标题选帽法
主旨题题设方式
Justin
Madonna
The Wanted
标题选帽法
Imagine one day, the water taps(水龙头) in your house stop running. You have to buy water from shops. And still there isn’t enough for everyone. Your mother has to save the family’s shower water to do other things. Would you be able to stand that kind of life？
Probably not. But that’s what kids in Yemen are experiencing. Experts said Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water. According to a report, the capital, Sana, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025.
Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply(供应). Hannan, an 18-year-old from Lahej, told Times: “In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water trucks. Private companies own the trucks. They travel around the city every day to sell water—at very high prices. “A lot of people can’t afford it,” she said.
The average (平均) person in Yemen uses 100 to 200 cubic（立方）meters of water per year. That is far below the international water poverty(贫困) line of 1,000 cubic meters.
The government is thinking of making use of seawater. But it will cost a lot and it may not happen soon enough to help the people of Yemen.
Which of the following do you think is the
best title for this passage？
A. How to Save Water
B. How to Make Use of Seawater
C. How People Use Water Fully
D. Yemen is Facing Serious Water Shortage
Imagine one day, the water taps(水龙头) in your house stop running. You have to buy water from shops. And still there isn’t enough for everyone. Your mother has to save the family’s shower water to do other things. Would you be able to stand that kind of life？
Probably not. But that’s what kids in Yemen are experiencing. Experts said Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water. According to a report, the capital, Sana, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025.
Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply(供应). Hannan, an 18-year-old from Lahej, told Times: “In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water trucks. Private companies own the trucks. They travel around the city every day to sell water—at very high prices. “A lot of people can’t afford it,” she said.
The average (平均) person in Yemen uses 100 to 200 cubic（立方）meters of water per year. That is far below the international water poverty(贫困) line of 1,000 cubic meters.
The government is thinking of making use of seawater. But it will cost a lot and it may not happen soon enough to help the people of Yemen.
主旨题题设方式
Justin
Madonna
The Wanted
排除细节法
Justin
Madonna
The Wanted
阅读理解题型分类
主旨题命题方向
抽象概括法
Justin
Madonna
The Wanted
Lady Gaga
主旨题命题方向
What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this text
A. To show the writer loves to see the migration
of flamingos.
B. To tell readers to continue trying and it can
make a difference.
C. To introduce a special kind of flamingo to
readers.
D. To show there are many problems in the
world.
对应首尾法
Justin
Madonna
The Wanted
Lady Gaga
Reading or writing text messages (短信) while you are walking is dangerous. A new study says it is more dangerous than texting while driving. The study is from the University of Buffalo (布法罗) in the USA. Researchers found that there are more injuries (受伤) per kilometer to texting pedestrians than there are to texting motorists (开车人). Their report says walking is not as easy as we think it is. We need to focus on many things at the same time to walk safely in a straight line. The research team said that people forget how to walk properly, so dangerous things happen to them. They bump into walls and other people, walk into cars, fall over things in the street, and even fall into holes or down stairs.
A University of Buffalo professor said walking is a complex (复杂的) action. He said there are several reasons why texting stops people from walking properly. One reason is that they cannot see the path ahead of them. Another is that they are focused on their fingers on their mobile phone keyboard instead of their feet on the street. A final reason is that their minds are somewhere else and not on thinking about walking from A to B safely. The professor said over six thousand people visited his hospital last year because they were injured while texting. He said the worst cases are head injuries. When a pedestrian is thrown into the air after being hit by a car, he/she has nothing to protect the head, and the damage can be serious.
What is the best title of this passage
A. Walking Alone
B. It is Dangerous Texting while Walking
C. No Texting
D. Think about Walking
高频词对应法
Reading or writing text messages (短信) while you are walking is dangerous. A new study says it is more dangerous than texting while driving. The study is from the University of Buffalo (布法罗) in the USA. Researchers found that there are more injuries (受伤) per kilometer to texting pedestrians than there are to texting motorists (开车人). Their report says walking is not as easy as we think it is. We need to focus on many things at the same time to walk safely in a straight line. The research team said that people forget how to walk properly, so dangerous things happen to them. They bump into walls and other people, walk into cars, fall over things in the street, and even fall into holes or down stairs.
A University of Buffalo professor said walking is a complex (复杂的) action. He said there are several reasons why texting stops people from walking properly. One reason is that they cannot see the path ahead of them. Another is that they are focused on their fingers on their mobile phone keyboard instead of their feet on the street. A final reason is that their minds are somewhere else and not on thinking about walking from A to B safely. The professor said over six thousand people visited his hospital last year because they were injured while texting. He said the worst cases are head injuries. When a pedestrian is thrown into the air after being hit by a car, he/she has nothing to protect the head, and the damage can be serious.
总结
Tips