2023届高三英语专题复习-五大基本概念 五大基本句型课件（共20张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语专题复习-五大基本概念 五大基本句型课件（共20张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 91.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-07-20 13:06:19 | ||
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(共20张PPT)
五大基本概念
五大基本概念
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾补
什么叫做主语？
教科书的定义：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，句子说明的人或事物, 是动作的发出者。一 般位于句首。
懒人定义: 放在谓语之前的成分就叫做主语。
I love you .
To see is to believe.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
什么叫做谓语？
教科书定义：说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征、状态。一般放在主语之后。
懒人定义：谓语就是动词，动词主要分为实义动词 和 系动词 。
谓语动词
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
be 动词
= be 动词的词
be, have/has/had, do/does , will
can/may/must/should/would
play, invent , go, make
谓语动词
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
be 动词
= be 动词的词
be, have/has/had, do/does , will
can/may/must/should/would
play, invent , go, make
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
什么叫做宾语？
教科书的定义：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
懒人定义：放在实义动词之后的成分就叫做宾语。
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
问：以上哪个句子中含有宾语？
什么叫做表语？
教科书的定义：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
懒人定义：放在系动词之后的成分就叫做表语。
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
问：以上哪个句子中含有表语？
什么叫做宾补？
教科书定义：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
懒人定义：补充说明宾语的成分就叫做宾补。
I find you beautiful.
I consider him a liar.
I hear her singing.
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy .
小技巧：
如果宾语和宾语之间成分加
be 动词后能够构成
一个逻辑完整的句子，
则宾语之后的成分为宾补。
小测试：
1.放在谓语动词之前成分叫做？
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 表语
2. 下列句子中含有宾补成分的是 ？
A. I love you.
B. I find you beautiful.
C. The flower smells great.
五大基本概念
五大基本概念
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾补
五大基本句型
主 + 谓 I arrive. / The rain stopped.
主 + 谓 + 宾 I love you .
主 + 谓 + 宾 +宾 My mum bought me a drink.
主 + 谓 + 宾+宾补 I find you beautiful.
主 + 系 + 表 I am sad . / He is a student. / She is tall.
重要结论：
五大简单基本句型是万句之源；
一个句子的主干有且仅有一个谓语动词。
什么叫做状语？
教科书定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、方向、让步和伴随状况等句子成分叫做状语。
懒人定义： 除去五大基本概念和形容词（定语），剩下的成分就是状语。
主 + 谓
He cried .
The bus stopped.
It is raining now.
We have worked for 5 days.
Darkclouds hung overhead.
Gradually a smile appeared on her face.
He issmiling all over his face.
I did well in English.
He talked liudly in the classroomyesterday.
主 + 谓 + 宾
I love you.
People all over the world speak English.
He did not know what to say.
He practices speaking English every day.
He is having dinner at home now. .
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾
He lent me some money.
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
I showed him my pictures.
He showed me how to run the machine.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
He asked me to lend him some money.
Our teacher encourages us to do more reading.
I heard someone calling for help.
We saw her entering the room.
His father named him Dongming.
Let the fresh air in.
We saw him out.
He kept his hands behind his back .
I want your homework done on time.
I’ll have my bike repaired.
They painted their boat white.
主 + 系 + 表
His advice proved right.
The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
The machine went wrong.
All these efforts seem in vain.
The room soon became crowded.
The days are gettinglonger and longer.
He fell ill yesterday.
Trees turn green in spring.
What you said sounds great.
He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.
The book still lies open on the desk.
并列句的起源与本质
“你人很好。但是我不爱你”
You are nice. I don’t love you .
如果用一句话怎么说？
简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
You are nice but I don’t love you.
并列连词
and
or
but
He helped me and I helped him.
You should study hard or you will fall behind.
You are nice but I don’t love you.
课堂测试
下列句子是 主 + 系 + 系 结构的是 ？
A. He lent me some money .
B. I did well in English.
C. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
下列句子，划线部分的连词是？
You should study hard, ______ you will fall behind.
A. but B. and C. or .
五大基本概念
五大基本概念
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾补
什么叫做主语？
教科书的定义：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，句子说明的人或事物, 是动作的发出者。一 般位于句首。
懒人定义: 放在谓语之前的成分就叫做主语。
I love you .
To see is to believe.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
什么叫做谓语？
教科书定义：说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征、状态。一般放在主语之后。
懒人定义：谓语就是动词，动词主要分为实义动词 和 系动词 。
谓语动词
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
be 动词
= be 动词的词
be, have/has/had, do/does , will
can/may/must/should/would
play, invent , go, make
谓语动词
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
be 动词
= be 动词的词
be, have/has/had, do/does , will
can/may/must/should/would
play, invent , go, make
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
什么叫做宾语？
教科书的定义：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
懒人定义：放在实义动词之后的成分就叫做宾语。
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
问：以上哪个句子中含有宾语？
什么叫做表语？
教科书的定义：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
懒人定义：放在系动词之后的成分就叫做表语。
I love you .
To see is to believe . / Seeing is believing.
The flower smells great.
Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
I have finished my homework .
I can’t drive the car.
问：以上哪个句子中含有表语？
什么叫做宾补？
教科书定义：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
懒人定义：补充说明宾语的成分就叫做宾补。
I find you beautiful.
I consider him a liar.
I hear her singing.
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy .
小技巧：
如果宾语和宾语之间成分加
be 动词后能够构成
一个逻辑完整的句子，
则宾语之后的成分为宾补。
小测试：
1.放在谓语动词之前成分叫做？
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 表语
2. 下列句子中含有宾补成分的是 ？
A. I love you.
B. I find you beautiful.
C. The flower smells great.
五大基本概念
五大基本概念
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾补
五大基本句型
主 + 谓 I arrive. / The rain stopped.
主 + 谓 + 宾 I love you .
主 + 谓 + 宾 +宾 My mum bought me a drink.
主 + 谓 + 宾+宾补 I find you beautiful.
主 + 系 + 表 I am sad . / He is a student. / She is tall.
重要结论：
五大简单基本句型是万句之源；
一个句子的主干有且仅有一个谓语动词。
什么叫做状语？
教科书定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、方向、让步和伴随状况等句子成分叫做状语。
懒人定义： 除去五大基本概念和形容词（定语），剩下的成分就是状语。
主 + 谓
He cried .
The bus stopped.
It is raining now.
We have worked for 5 days.
Darkclouds hung overhead.
Gradually a smile appeared on her face.
He issmiling all over his face.
I did well in English.
He talked liudly in the classroomyesterday.
主 + 谓 + 宾
I love you.
People all over the world speak English.
He did not know what to say.
He practices speaking English every day.
He is having dinner at home now. .
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾
He lent me some money.
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
I showed him my pictures.
He showed me how to run the machine.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
He asked me to lend him some money.
Our teacher encourages us to do more reading.
I heard someone calling for help.
We saw her entering the room.
His father named him Dongming.
Let the fresh air in.
We saw him out.
He kept his hands behind his back .
I want your homework done on time.
I’ll have my bike repaired.
They painted their boat white.
主 + 系 + 表
His advice proved right.
The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
The machine went wrong.
All these efforts seem in vain.
The room soon became crowded.
The days are gettinglonger and longer.
He fell ill yesterday.
Trees turn green in spring.
What you said sounds great.
He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.
The book still lies open on the desk.
并列句的起源与本质
“你人很好。但是我不爱你”
You are nice. I don’t love you .
如果用一句话怎么说？
简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
You are nice but I don’t love you.
并列连词
and
or
but
He helped me and I helped him.
You should study hard or you will fall behind.
You are nice but I don’t love you.
课堂测试
下列句子是 主 + 系 + 系 结构的是 ？
A. He lent me some money .
B. I did well in English.
C. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
下列句子，划线部分的连词是？
You should study hard, ______ you will fall behind.
A. but B. and C. or .