中考英语定语从句复习课件

课件99张PPT。刘 君定语从句详解基础知识 定语从句：是指在复合句中，
修饰 或 的从句.
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代
词叫做“ ”.
引导定语从句的词叫“ ” 基础知识 名词代词先行词关系词什么是定语从句呢？修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子I love singers who write their own music.先行词关系词定语从句定语从句概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词
的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词关系词定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when,why1. The man is a worker.2. The man is speaking at the meeting. 合并句子: The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
_______________________________________ I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I don’t like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?1.关系词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：
指物：that which
指人：who (主/宾格) that whom（宾格）Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质a machinethe machineJoin the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质a machinethat /which关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
that/who/whomThe girl注意避免重复I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an applethat is red.修饰先行词 an apple 主语主语关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。I like some friends. Some friends like sports.I like some friendswho like sports. 修饰先行词 friends 主语主语/ that关系词who /that 在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。I like the music.I can dance to the music.I like the musicthat I can dance to .宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。I like the girl.You are talking to the girl. I like the girlwho(m) you are talking to .宾语宾语/that关系词who /that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。小结：
that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略. who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语， 可以省略,（常用whom）关系词作用
1.代替先行词;
. ２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词
可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系
代词可用which或that; 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.
注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
(主句)The woman is my mother.
(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)
(从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.
(句中yesterday表示过去时间) 定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时, 用who, whom,
whose, that引导.who, whom, whose, that用法区别.who 作定语从句的主语或宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解作主语the tall
the strong
the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom? The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.? The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.? The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. Whom 作定语从句的宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解作宾语? The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语) ? The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday
will give us a talk.关系代词 1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如
介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.作定语关系代词 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book .
Its cover is red.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语)that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可
省略. The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾
语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you
borrow books?applethe red
the green
the small
the bigThe apple which is red is mine. The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen?
I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which
I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big.
The room in which I live is very big.关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise:
This is the house which is for sale.
2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which / that 作主语. (不能省)（作主语）which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）This is the card.
I’ve just received the card.This is the card which / that I’ve just received.Practise:
This is the mistake which /that I always make.
I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
I lost the pen which my father bought me.( ) （作宾语）who / that 作主语. (不能省)This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语)The boy who broke the window is called Roy.
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?
The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin./ thatwho / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)The man is a famous writer.
He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）The boy who(m) I ‘m looking for is my friend.
The thief has been sent to prison.
The police caught the thief last night.
The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小结：
that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略. who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有5种：当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none,
anything, everything, nothing , everybody,
nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。
That’s all that I know.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
He answered few questions that the teacher asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that I can do now.
These are the very words that he used.
4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?
Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用that的情况：
１．先行词为that，those时，只能用which。例如：What is that which is under the desk?
Those are the books (which) I bought yesterday.
２．关系词前有介词时，This is the room in which he lives.
whose 作定语,表示所属关系。
The boy is my classmate.
The boy’s father is a policeman. The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).
A. who B. whose
C. who’s D. which
Look at the girl ____name is Lucy.
A. who B. that
C. who’s D. whose
关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。
关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。
eg. I won’t forget the time when I got married.
Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?
This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?
I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.
Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：
This is the park that we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
That’s the date when we went to the college.
That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
I like the time when we lived together.
I like the time that we had together.
关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
考点赏析~~~~
Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作
某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句 =主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构
只在句子中作某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词
或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，
因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词关系
代词关系
副词
指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语)考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).when____Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).___________where1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).__________Please give me the reason ____(you made such a great success).______when whyMorning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud)._________whenDo you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）___________ where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live)._______wherein whichThe house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which
that
/______Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake. who
whom
that
/_____My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out)._________________________in whichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).whereOctober 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which
thatThe meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.Which
that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词考点二：that和which的选择 (1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情 况引导词只用that，不用which。 ①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. ② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.考点二：that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。考点二：that和which的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
What that is on the table belongs to me?⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be. Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。

1 She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it 考点二：that和which的选择（2）只用which的情况 B B 考点三：as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳： 1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.
He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural.
She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.
Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.As we all know, the earth is round.3.用于the same…as…,such…as…，as…as…, so…as…中，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
The police were looking for him, as he thought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.
b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.

They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,
where=in/on/at…+which,
why=for+which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived.
= This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting (__________ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (______________ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (____________ she wrote that book) can now be seen in
a museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _____________ ( flowers are seen all
the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _____________ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_____________I fell asleep) was very boring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语
时，才能用关系副词代替。练习：判断Who/that 在从句中担任主语还是宾语。I love singers who write their own songs
He is the man who I met yesterday.
I like music that I can dance to.
I prefer a sandwich that is really delicious.主语宾语宾语主语任务I. 阅读下列句子，再用who/that 填空。
1.I have a brother _______ likes soccer.
2.Tom doesn’t like movies _______are too long
and too scary.
3. We prefer groups ________ play loud and
energetic songs.
4.???He likes friends _________ often help each other.who/thatthatthatwho/that任务II. 请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。
1．I like music. The music is loud and exciting.
_______________________________________.
2. She loves movies. The movies are romantic.
_______________________________________.
3. Tony likes music. He can dance to the music.
________________________________________.I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Tony likes music that he can dance to.Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
_______________________________________ I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I don’t like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?Correct the sentences:1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
(去掉)the one^__^to____which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.____that5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
6. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.
9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou
10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____AsExercises :
Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.
1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time?
2. Is this the room ____ we lived before?
3. This is the garden ____ they stayed for a night.
4. This is the garden ____ they visited last time.
5. Tom has forgotten the day ____ he left his home.
6. Tom has forgotten the day ____ I told him last day.
7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job.
8. She still remembers the year ____ she spent in Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthatExercise 1 :用关系代词填空The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.
Say all ________ you know.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
5. This is the best novel _______ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?
7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：
when/ where/why when 作时间状语:
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)
she was married.It was the year.
The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.When = 介词 + which where 作地点状语I want to know the place.
I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词 + whichwhy 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.
which B. when C. that D. on that
2.Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan.
which B. what C. why D. for that
3.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.
A. which B. when C. that D. on that
4. Is this the place ______ you were born?
A. which B.where C.what D.that
挑战高难度！！！1. Is this the place ______ you were born?
A. which B.where C.what D.that
2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year?
A. which B.where C.what D. why
3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.
A. which B.where C.what D.that
4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.
A. that B.where C.what D. why5.He told her the reason____ why he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her.
A. why; why
B. why; which
C. that; why
D. which; why句子翻译1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 根据汉语完成句子：
6.Here is the pen ________________________________ . (你昨天丢失的）
7.This is the best book______________________ _______. (我读过的）
8.I have lost the pen_______________________________. （我父亲给我买的）
9.Wheat is a plant______________________________
________________________. （中国北方 种植的）
10.I don’t like the people___________________________.
(说得多,做得少的） (that)you lost yesterday.(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China