中考语法思维导图之十三动词

动词
系动词
情态动
助动词
实义动
系动词+表语
情态动+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
独立充当谓语
充当谓语
系动词
be动词
“保持”“变化”
感官动词
be+adv.+adj“如何是”
become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,stay
look,sound,taste,smell,feel
常接形容词作表语
主谓一致
情态动词
意思答语
表示推测
may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can.
否定Sorry, but you can’t/mustn’t
“一定”must
“必须” Must I…？Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
“不得不” Do I have to.. Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
“需要”实义动词：not need to do sth.
情态动词：needn’t do sth.
Would you like to do 答语“I’d like to”
“I’d like to, but....”
had better “最好(不)做某事”
You’d better do…/You’d better not do…
“可能”may,might,could
“不可能”can’t
助动词
狭义概念：“赠送的”
扩展概念：“自带的”
do,does,did
凡谓语由两部分构成之前者
句型操作及答语
实义动词身份
助动词身份/强调功能
实义动词
时态
语态
名称
被动：be+done
及物动词必须跟宾语
不及物动词不直跟宾语
谓动
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
★过去将来时
现在完成时
★过去完成时
do/does
did
be+doing
was/were+doing
will+do
would+do
have/has+done
had+done
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
含情态动词
选项有无被动只需考虑时态
该而不:感官发生实现出版
使役动词正常不带to被动则带
意思需要
时间，标志
意思
平时经常做
某次过去做
现在正在做
过去正在做
现在将要做
过去将要做
到现在已做
到过去已做
动词词形变化
三单
现在分词
过去式、过去分词
+s
s,x,sh,ch,o+es
辅+y→i+es
不规则
+ing
去e+ing
双写+ing
ie→y+ing
+ed
辅+y→i+ed
双写+ed
不规则
辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）
时态判断
所用时态
时间
一般现在时
on Sundays
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989
now, these days
at this time yesterday, at that time
tomorrow,this afternoon,next year
the next day
so far,in the past years,since
标志
频率/真理/时间条件状从
at the age of 5,just now,when+从
look, listen与频度副词连用
when+过
in+时间段
常用于宾从中
already,yet,ever,never,before,for
过去完成时
by yesterday/then/the end of
when+过before+过，by+过
①完成时句中,与for,since,how long连用时,动词要用延续形式
go to, come to →be in/at leave→be away (from) arrive→be in/at
die →be kead begin/start→be on end →be over
buy →have join →be a member of/be in borrow→keep
get married→be married make friends with→be friends with
②have gone to“去了”人不在这里, have been to“去过”人在这里
¤强调句型：It is +一段时间+since+过去时 “自…以来，已经多长时间了”
动词短语
意思
结构
搭配
动词+介词
doing
动词+副词
be+adj.+介词
宾语一律后置
代宾中，名中后
非谓语动词
不定式to do
现在分词doing
过去分词done
作主语
作宾语
作主语被视为单数
作主语
作表语
作宾语
作宾补
作定语
作状语
宾从省略式
常被形主it代替
be+to do “是做”
被形宾it代替
省to不省
要后置，省介否
表目的，原因
疑问词+to do
判定:后有谓动
be doing“正在做”
have sth. done使被
be done“被做”
不定式作主语
常被形式主语it代替，而把to do 置于句尾
It is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. It takes +sb. +st. +to do sth.
后接to do的动词：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare
被形宾代替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth.
后接sb. to do的动词：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like
常用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, feel, see, observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hear, discover(被动语态要还原to) 结构有：had better do, would rather do(than do), can’t but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do , why not do
作定语：要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。
(修饰的名词是time,place,way 时其后上常省略介词)
作状语：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do
表原因：be sorry to do/be happy to do/be pleased to do
后接doing的动词：advise,allow,avoid,miss,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,put off,give up,keep on,practice,imagine,consider,can’t help,can’t stop,suggest,can’t stand
动词中考点
时态语态
动词短语
非谓动词
情态动词
词义辨析
近六年河北中考动词原题再现
2006年32.Hangzhou is a nice city. My Dad me there when I was about ten years old.
A.pulled B.caught C.took D.brought
33.Physics more interesting than maths. A.are B.is C.was D.were
34.I on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.
A. draw B.drew C.was drawing D.am drawing
35.My father on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A.left B.has left C.has gone D.has been away
12分 36.---Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him
---Sure, I will let him know as soon as he back.
A.comes B.came C.has come D.will come
37.The children to swim last month and they can swim very well now.
A.are taught B.were taught C.have taught D.taught
39.He has failed several times, but he won’t .
A.go on B.come on C.get up D.give up
40.We often hear her after class. A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang
41.He’s flown to Qingdao for summer holidays, he
Aisn’t B.wasn’t C.hasn’t D.doesn’t
44.---Listen! Is that Kate ---No. It be Kate. She has gone to London.
A.may not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
83.“I’ve （长大）.I can help with some housework.”she said to her parents.
84.Please （关掉）the lights before you leave.
2007年 32. -Must I finish the work today -No, you ___. You can finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
33. I’ll do it better if the teacher _______ me another chance.
A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give
35. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _______ the piano.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played
37. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _______ in China since 2002.
12分 A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed
38. How much does the ticket ________ from Shanghai to Beijing
A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay
39. You bought a new computer last week, _______ you
A. aren’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. haven’t
40. There _________ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is staying
42. We ________ to close the windows before we left the lab.
A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told
44. He ________ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.
A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in
82. The glasses he ________(戴) a moment ago are broken. He needs a new pair.
84. Alice is so nice that everyone likes to_________(交朋友)her.
85. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes in class. You won’t be______(嘲笑)
2008年26. There a lot of rain in this area in August every year.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
27. The children a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.
A.have B.are having C.had D.were having
32. Nick a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it.
A.buys B.is buying C.bought D.will buy
33. --Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. --OK. I ____ .
A.will B.won’t C.do D.don’t
11分 34. Thomas, please be quiet. The others hear very well.
A.can’t B.musn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
35. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, to work for the Olympic Games.
A.is choosing B.is chosen C.was choosing D.was chosen
38. How’s Annie I her for a long time.
A.don’t see B.won’t see C.didn’t see D.haven’t seen
37. ____ those lights, please. Don’t use so much energy.
A.Take off B.Put on C.Turn off D.Turn on
77.We practised (唱)English songs for one and a half hours today.
79.XuLi,with his friends, (拾起)waste paper in the park every Sunday.
80.Do you know this table (由…制成)bamboo
2009年 29. This silk dress _____ so smooth. It’s made in China.
A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels
33. My friend _____ me. I have to leave now.
A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for
34. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _____ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
11分 36. Keep practicing and you _____ your English.
A. improve B. will improve C. improved D. were improving
37. The news ___ very interesting! Tell me more! A.is B.are C.were D.was
38. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he _____.
A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived
39. More and more young people are trying to do something _____ the old.
A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves
40. Sally, _____ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.
A. put on B. put up C. put away D. put down
42. I _____ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser
A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write
44. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _____ many places.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D. has been from
84. They _______________ (同意) us on some matters yesterday afternoon.
2010年31. —Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon —Yes, you ______.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
33. I’d like you ______ for a picnic with us.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
35. Mike ________ his computer and checked his e-mail.
A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down
10分 36. Everyone _______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.
A. find B. think C. finds D. Thinks
37. Hong Kong___________ to be a good place for eating today.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
38. This term_________ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
39. I_______ a mistake. Please don’t be angry with me.
A. make B. made C. will make D. had made
41. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he ___________ in Beijing.
A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived
44. I____________ my clothes, and the phone rang.
A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing
84. Steven__________________ (参加) the school dancing club last year.
2011年28.There__lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
32.Whenever you have a chance _________ English, you should take it.
A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks
11分 35.Would you please ________ my baby brother while I’m cooking
A.take out of B.take care of C.take part in D.take away from
36.You ____ eat the soup if you don’t like it.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
37.This sentence _______ right. Please write it down.
A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells
38.My sister wants a new dress. She _________ it to the party.
A.wears B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear
40.I didn’t hear you because I ________ the news on the radio.
A.listen to B.am listening to C.listened to D.was listening to
42.I _______ my homework, I guess I can’t join you.
A.don’t finish B.didn’t finish C.haven’t finished D.won’t finish
44.The Spring Festival __________ in January or February.
A.celebrates B.is celebrated C.celebrated D.was celebrated
84.We Chinese sometimes _______(借)words from English when talking.
85.Victor ________(敲)the door before he walked into the room.
2012年29. ________ something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours
A. It is B. It was C. There is D. There was
35. -Whose is the pencil box
-It ________ be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover!
A. can B. may C. must D. need
37. ________ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.
A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write
11分 38. The clothing store ________ a sale. The clothes there are very cheap.
A. has B. had C. is having D. was having
39. ________ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine.
A. Cut down B. Look down C. Turn down D. Put down
40. Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ________ many flowers these days.
A. received B. will receive C. was receiving D. has received
41. Your sweater looks smart. Where ________ you ________ it
A. do, get B. did, get C. will, get D. have, got
43. –Where were you this morning
-I ________ in the supermarket.
A. will shop B. am shopping C. was shopping D. have shopped
44. More money ________ when we use both sides of paper.
A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved
82. Nancy often __________________ (go swimming) with her friends in summer.
84. Students are ______________ (encourage) to share their thoughts by teachers.