山西省运城市2019-2022三年高三上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（word版 有答案）
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| 名称 | 山西省运城市2019-2022三年高三上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（word版 有答案） |  | |
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山西省运城市2019-2022三年高三上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The best things to do in London
Discover the city with our list of the best things to do and see in London, for visitors and locals alike. From free days out to unmissable restaurants, this is your ultimate London checklist for 2021.
Admire the views from The Shard
What is it Standing 309.6 metres (1,016 feet) high, it is London’s one and only 95-storey skyscraper, and the tallest building in Western Europe.
Why go The Shard has established itself as a timeless London landmark despite being barely a handful of years old. As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.
Hunt for antiques at Portobello Road Market
What is it The world’s largest antiques market, on a picturesque shopping street in Notting Hill—now traffic-free for socially distanced browsing.
Why go Although home to fruit and veg stalls too, Portobello Market is best known for the antiques and bric-à-brac stalls featuring at the Chepstow Villas end of the road. Don’t be fooled by the fold-out tables—this isn’t cheap tat and there are some serious treasures here. For more secondhand goodies, head further up the road, beyond the Westway.
Eat your way around Borough Market
What is it Dating back to the thirteenth century London’s oldest food market is a cornucopia of gourmet goodies.
Why go It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).
Visit Hogwarts at the Harry Potter Studio Tour
What is it There are a whole lot of Harry Potter locations in and around London, but the Warner Bros Studio Tour in Watford is the most magical.
Why go The capital is heaving with Harry Potter hotspots. Locations like Diagon Alley were set here and scenes from the world-famous movie franchise were filmed here. There’re walking tours and photo opportunities at the actual Platform 93/4 in King’s Cross. But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.
1. What do we know about the Shard
A. It is currently the tallest structure in Europe.
B. It is a 95-storey office block in the sky.
C. It allows visitors to get amazing views of London.
D. It has a long history as one of London’s landmarks.
2. Where can we go for some famous food around the globe
A. The Shard. B. Borough Market.
C. Diagon Alley. D. Portobello Road Market.
3. What features the Warner Bros Studio Tour
A. Bringing people closer to Harry Potter. B. Walking on a picturesque street.
C. Taking photos at the actual Platform 93/4. D. Gathering the majority of magicians.
B
As the Alaskan sky gradually turned dark blue, the commands to my sled dog team broke the silence. I threw a glance over my shoulder as I thundered down the frozen waterway in the sub-zero temperatures. Where was Mike, my guide I wondered if he realized I was miles away.
While out exploring in the early evening, my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. In my conversations with Mike over the past few days, I’d been told that if I got lost, I would be in big trouble. There weren’t any supplies for me — no extra clothing or shelter, not to mention the firestarter, and we had seen wolf tracks regularly.
It was March, the end of the Alaskan winter. A long journey from Australia had brought me to Yukon, Alaska. My hosts’ log cabin was the starting point for my 10-day adventure. Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. Having enjoyed many years of exploring the Alaskan wilderness, the couple chose to help adventurers to experience the same lifestyle.
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. I’d imagined it would be a very relaxing experience, in which I would ride along with a pleasant smile while gazing at the passing landscape. In reality it turned out much tougher. You must predict where your dogs would go and how the surface ahead might change.
During the journey, we stayed in a different place every night, and took care of our dog teams. These dogs can guarantee our safety and help us escape dangerous situations, so their health and well-being always rank first. After we settled, we started collecting snow for water and cutting firewood.
Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment.
4. Why did the writer get lost
A. The lead dog was misled by Mike.
B. He failed to give instructions in time.
C. The lead dog smelled something irresistible.
D. He had a poor sense of direction in darkness.
5. How did Wayne and Scarlett live in Alaska
A. They led an eco-friendly life.
B. They lived by helping adventurers.
C. They seldom walked out of their log cabin.
D They worked as guides for exploring Alaska.
6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Driving a sled dog team is demanding.
B. Adventurers prefer to ride with a smile.
C. Appreciating the landscape is appealing.
D. Adventurers take care of their dog teams.
7. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s exploration in Alaska
A. Wonderful and entertaining. B. Frightening and exhausting.
C. Dangerous and painstaking. D. Adventurous and interesting.
C
Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.
The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage. It’s not clear exactly why the mass hysteria occurred.
To nobody’s surprise, today the tissue market is still booming. Demand for toilet paper, tissues and paper towels has been growing for years. As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers. Some have temporarily switched to surgical face masks and gowns to meet the demand for personal protection equipment.
But there’s more surprising medical use for paper: rapid tests. The system is widely used for many routine tests, such as to detect pregnancy and HIV. And there are already rapid tests out there that use paper to identify if a person has developed antibodies to Covid-19.
Equally, food hygiene has become more of a concern. There has been a sharp decrease in the number of customers wanting to reach into a pot to fetch spoons, forks or straws for obvious reasons, causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging. Meanwhile, schools have started to provide paper lunch boxes so that students don’t need to eat all together in a canteen.
Then there’s art. After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance. Some paper companies have seen more interest in paper for education, art and design.
Of course, some aspects of paper production have taken more of a hit.
“We supply a lot of paper that ends up in hotel, so we’ve seen a drop in sales,” says Nick Bizzell, the director of London-based Bizzell Paper. But Bizzell is still optimistic. He pointed out that demand for certain types of paper, such as the A4 kind used in offices, has been shrinking for decades, after losing the battle against computers. But overall the paper industry is growing.
Paper is now protecting us from viral infections and boredom, and it will always be a valuable material in our life.
8. What does the underlined phrase “the mass hysteria” probably refer to
A. The mass production of toilet paper in 2020.
B. The true shortage of toilet paper caused by the public.
C. The effect of Covid-19 on the paper industry.
D. The unreasonable storage of toilet paper among the public.
9. Which of the following have witnessed an increasing demand for paper
A. Rapid tests and physical checkup.
B. Surgical face masks and eating tools.
C. Medical protection equipment and food packaging.
D. The treatment of Covid-19 and pregnancy detection.
10. What causes more use of paper in art
A. Being unable to socialize.
B. The promotion of paper companies.
C. Being interested in art education.
D. The marketing strategies of paper companies.
11. What’s the text mainly about
A. Paper industry on the decline.
B. Paper industry in the recovery.
C. The blow of Covid-19 to the paper industry.
D. The effect of medicine on the paper industry.
D
Children aren’t the only ones who can benefit from naps. After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.
A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
How long should a power nap be Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing to increase alertness throughout the day. “You don’t have to go to sleep fully.” says James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who coined the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago. “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas cautions that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling dizzy for another hour or so.”
Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”
In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says.
12. How can we fight sleepiness after hours of working at noon
A. By drinking a cup of coffee. B. By having a power nap.
C. By getting a good night’s sleep. D. By listening to music.
13. Which is the best choice for a power nap
A. 15minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. B. 40 minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m.
C. 15 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. D. 40 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m.
14. What do Robbions and Harris mainly convey
A. The benefits of power naps. B. The damage coffee and soda do to you.
C. Means of reducing accidents and mistakes. D. Ways to improve workplace performance.
15. What can be the best title for the passage
A. Power naps’ cons B. The benefits of coffee
C. When we should take a power nap D. How to benefit from a power nap
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项.
A
The Summer Food Service Program(SFSP)provides children in low-income areas with healthy meals and snacks for free.By this means children can get the nutrition necessary for learning, playing, and growing when they are out of school for summer vacation.
Sponsors
SFSP is run by local approved sponsors such as school districts, local government agencies, camps, or private non-profit organizations.These sponsors receive payments from the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)through local agencies for the meals they serve and their documented operating costs.
Feeding locations
There are three kinds of feeding locations in New Jersey-open sites, enrolled sites, and camps.Open sites operate in low-income areas where at least 50% of the children come from families with incomes equal or less than 185% of the federal poverty level, which means they are qualified for free and reduced price meals.Meals are served free to any child at the open sites.
At most sites, children get either one or two reimbursable(可补偿的)meals per day.For locations primarily aiming to serve migrant children, they may be permitted to serve as many as three meals a day to each child.
Eligibility(资格)
Children aged 18 and under can receive free meals and snacks through SFSP.For those over 18, they are also eligible if they are disabled and participate in special school programs for people with mental or physical disabilities.
Enrolled sites provide meals to children participating in an activity program at the sites where at least half of them qualify for free and reduced price meals.Camps are also welcomed to join SFSP.They receive payments only for the meals served to children who are eligible for free and reduced price meals.
1. Which of the following will pay for the free meals
A. SFSP B. USDA.
C. Local government agencies. D. Private non-profit organizations.
2. What can we infer from the text
A. Only those who are aged 18 and under have across to the free meals.
B. No more than two meals a day are served to each child at all the sites.
C. SFSP offers children in low-income areas free food only on summer vacation.
D. Children with family incomes above the federal poverty level are unqualified.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To persuade children to get help.
B. To introduce a charity campaign.
C. To appeal to the public for donation.
D. To publicize the government's achievements.
B
Zide, a guqin studio in China, has made the ancient Chinese instrument popular in recent times.Its videos, in which performers play traditional Chinese music with several instruments including guqin, have become popular on the Internet.The performances feature the traditional clothing which the players wear as well as the style, making them look like classic Chinese paintings coming to life.
In 2014, several young people founded the studio in Shanghai.Each of them played the guqin, and together they began to teach others.Since 2015, they have been making videos of their performances, mainly solos.Besides, they produced a series of short videos to teach how to play the instrument correctly.
"Each traditional Chinese musical instrument has a unique characteristic.So 1 pick only one of each kind in a piece of music and make it show its full potential," said Tang Bin, one of the studio's co-founders.
Since 2017, the studio has been working with costumers specializing in historical clothing, make-up, and hairstyles.These elements have made the videos more attractive to the younger audience.In cooperation with the costumers, the video called Kongshan Niaoyu(Birdsong in Hollow Valley)has been a big success on Bilibili, a Chinese video-sharing website that is especially popular among young generations in China."It is hard to imagine that an ancient instrument like guqin can attract over 460,000 followers on a website where the average age of visitors is 13," Tang said.The videos have also become a hit on social media platforms abroad, with the most popular one watched more than 13 million times.Anna Cardoso, a Brazilian viewer; commented, "I love Chinese culture and music! Hope people preserve their history and don't let it die!" In the comment section, foreigners can find explanatory comments by enthusiastic viewers introducing the cultural background or elements, which can help them better understand China.
"This shows that good music and beautiful works of art can break the boundaries of nationality," said Zhu Liyue, head of the studio and another co-founder.The combination of delicate clothes and images can dispel the stereotypes foreigners have about ancient Chinese culture.
4. Which is the highlighted part of Zide's videos
A. They are made by a famous studio.
B. They show players playing several ancient Chinese instruments.
C. The performances look like classic Chinese paintings coming to life.
D. The performers teach the audience how to play the guqin correctly.
5. What makes Zide attractive to the younger audience
A. It is founded by several young people.
B. It picks only one instrument in a performance.
C. It mainly produces videos of solo performances.
D. It adds historical elements to the styling of costumes.
6. What do we know from Paragraph 4
A. Zide's most watched video online is Kongshan Niaoyu.
B. Bilibili is visited mostly by young people at home and abroad.
C. Ancient instruments like guqin can easily attract followers on a website.
D. Foreign audience can understand Chins better by watching Zide's videos.
7. What does the underlined word "dispel" in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Bring attention to the idea. B. Separate from the original one.
C. Strengthen the understanding. D. Make a feeling or belief disappear.
C
The 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U.S. Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）Louise Gluck. The prize committee cited “her unique poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal”. Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77, joins a list of literary giants and previous Nobelists who include, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.
Gluck’s work includes 12 collections of poetry and a few volumes of essays on literary writing. “All are characterized by a striving for clarity（清晰）. Childhood and family life, the close relationship with parents and siblings, is a theme that has remained central to her,” Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said. “She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths and classical motifs,” Olsson added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the committee described as “masterly” for its “visionary interpretation of the myth of Persephone’s (珀尔塞福涅) fall into hell in the captivity (囚禁) of Hades(哈得斯), the god of death”.
Being a professor at Yale and a resident of Cambridge, Gluck also served as U.S. Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004 and is no stranger to awards. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1993 for her collection of poems titled The Wild Iris, in which “she describes the incredible return of life after winter in the poem Snowdrops,” the Nobel literature committee said Thursday. She also won the 2014 National Book Award for the poem Faithful and Virtuous Night. In 2016, President Obama awarded the National Humanities Medal to Gluck in a White House ceremony.
The publicity-shy Gluck did not immediately issue any comment about the latest honor for her body of work, which spans more than half a century. In a 2012 interview, she acknowledged that prizes can make “existence in the world easier” but did not amount to the immortality(不朽) of a true artist.
8. What can we know about Gluck from Paragraph 1
A. She is as popular as the Chinese novelist Mo Yan.
B. She won the Nobel Prize for her special literary style.
C. She is the first American to win a Nobel Prize in literature.
D. She is the only Poet Laureate in modern American history.
9. What do Gluck’s poems mainly focus on
A. Daily life. B. Nature.
C. Careers. D. Classical myths.
10. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3
A. To show Gluck’s contributions to literature.
B. To prove Gluck’s great passion for writing.
C. To present Gluck’s outstanding achievements.
D. To stress Gluck’s influence on other poets.
11. What does Gluck think about the honor she has received
A. She is content with it.
B. She takes it very seriously.
C. She deserves a higher honor.
D. She doesn’t attach great importance to it.
D
Conservationists have long known that using pandas, tigers and other charismatic(有号召力的) species to front their campaigns is a good way to raise money. But some people argue that focusing on these “flagship” animals can ignore equally threatened but less cute ones.
Now Jennifer McGowan at Macquarie University in Sydney and her colleagues suggest that we can have it both ways, after finding that funding for flagship species also helps other threatened species in the surrounding areas. McGowan’s team first drew up a list of 534 flagship species in wildlife-rich hot spots around the world. The biodiversity areas were each split into grids (网格) of 100 by 100 kilometre squares. The researchers then compared two conservation approaches across eight simulated scenarios(模拟场景) which assumed different levels of human activity and protected areas.
The first focused on protecting flagship species, while the second aimed to protect the maximum number of species in an area, regardless of their fundraising potential. Their study has found that targeting grid squares with flagship species also protected 79 to 89 per cent of the non-flagship species in that area. The figure rose to 97 per cent in some scenarios. “The findings could help when choosing which species to promote. Flagship species are very effective at getting the public to care,” she says.
Morgan Trimble the author of a paper that has found scientists also have a bias towards charismatic animals, says the results don’t surprise her. “While I think it’s important that we don’t lose sight of the bigger picture --- conserving species is about conserving all the component parts of ecosystems, even the not-so-cute species --- I think highlighting flagship species in fundraising and education is a practical idea and appeals to human nature,” she says. Trimble also asks what the alternative to using flagship species would be: randomly picking species McGowan’s study found a random approach to choosing where to spend conservation funds only protected 39 to 55 per cent of the non-flagship species.
12. What kind of animals do conservationists usually use to raise funds
A. Less attractive animals.
B. Endangered flagship animals
C. Threatened but not necessarily cute species.
D. Charismatic but not necessarily threatened species.
13. What has McGowan and her team’s study revealed
A. It’s fair enough to focus on flagship species.
B. There are very few flagship species in grid squares.
C. Non-flagship species are poorly protected in general.
D. Flagship species are getting more than enough attention.
14. What does Trimble think of the study’s outcome
A. It needs to be further confirmed B. It is in line with her expectations.
C. It is beyond her comprehension. D. It goes right against human nature.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. How to choose a charismatic species
B. The effects of human activity on animals
C. How to best channel conservation efforts
D. The role of fundraising in saving animals
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Why go to Madrid？
There may be a slight chill(寒冷) in the air, with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March, but Spain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events.
A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.
Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance(文艺复兴) painter El Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24June to 5 October.
How to go
The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.
Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city centre is ∈4.50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; ∈5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of ∈30 covers most of central Madrid.
1. When will the exhibition about Picasso close
A. On 23 March. B. On 11 May. C. On 24June. D. On 5 October.
2. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid
A. EasyJet. B. Ryanair. C. Air Europa. D. British Airways.
3. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport
A. Take a taxi B. Take a city bus. C. Take Metro line 8. D. Take the airport express bus.
B
My divorce was now final and I needed to find a new home for me and my six-year-old son, Dash. A few days earlier I'd seen an sd. I was willing to try anything, so I contacted the owner, a woman named Camille. When she e-mailed me back I discovered she wasn't renting s house at all She was renting the attic（阁楼）apartment. I left her a message calling off our meeting.
I thought that would be the end of it. Instead, Camille called me back and insisted I come over. So here I was. I pulled the car to a stop and looked up at the tiny collage. The house was small as it was. The attic window looked too tiny to led much light in. We couldn't live in a dark, depressing place. I could make do with almost anything But Dash needs a good home, a place be really feels safe.
I pushed open the car door and got out. I had to sell Camille it was a mistake for me to come. I knocked. The woman who opened the door was small and bright-eyed. She was much older than I'd guessed, but I could see she had the energy of someone half her age. She looked so sympathetic that I found myself wanting to keep talking to her. "We have to leave our home, "I explained. "My marriage ended. I only have a few days to find something else, but I want it to be right."
Camille nodded. "You're a good mother. You never know the miracles that await you around the comer, "Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped out of it, I drove off slowly, hoping to make the feeling last. I turned down a side street I didn't recognize. I glanced out of the side window. Just up ahead was a cottage with a sign out in front：for rent.
I pulled over. I found the owners had just bought the house themselves and were decorating it, hoping to find the perfect renters. They took me on a tour of the house that was like a copy of my list:；a big bedroom for Dash and a backyard with trees, s great school nearby. The house was meant for us.
Camille was right. Micacles await us, just around the comer.
4. How did the author feel after she received Camille's e-mail
A. Anxious. B. Excited.
C. Disappointed. D. Content.
5. Why did the author decide to see Camille's house at last
A. Because the rent of it was teally low.
B. Because her son begged her ta do that.
C. Because Camille kept urging her to have a look.
D. Because the price was within her range.
6. What does the underlined part "snapped out of it" probably mean
A. Say something in an impatient voice. B. Stop feeling unhappy or depressed.
C. Make a sharp noise suddenly. D. Lose control of one's feelings.
7. What message does the passage mainly convey
A. Never lose hope. B. No pains, no gains.
C. Every little bit helps. D. Well begun is half done.
C
On Dec 22, China became the third country in the world after Japan and the US to have a carbon dioxide（CO2）monitoring satellite.
Named Tansat, as "tan" is the Chinese word for carbon, the satellite moves around Earth at about 700 kilometers above the ground. There, it can “see” clearly how much CO2 there is in the air and how it is moving.
How is TanSat able to do that？When sunlight travels through the air, the CO2 molecules（分子）take in different colors from the light. The satellite then looks at these colors to find out how much CO2 there is in the air.
“The TanSat has very good vision（视力）, and it can tell changes in CO2 as small as 1 percent, ” said Yin Zeng shan, one of the satellite's designers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to Xinhua News Agency.
But there is a question. When CO2 can already be measured from ground stations, why do we need a satellite that does the same thing？
The truth is that they don't do exactly the same thing. According to Zhang Peng, vice director of the National Satellite Meteorological Center, the data from ground stations is limited and it does not cover the ocean area, which takes up more than 70 petcent of Earth's surface.
But TanSat has solved the problem. It has a bird's eye view of the Earth, covering both the land and the ocean. It can also change its mode（模式）and position when looking at the ocean area because the water can reflect light. This light may change the data if its normal mode is used.
More importantly, China is now working on its goal of producing less CO, , starting from 2030 or earlier. To meet that goal, it will need to keep track of every bit of progress that it's making.
And with TauSat, China will have first-hand, detailed data of CO2 emissions in different areas, provinces and parts of the ocean, no longer having to use data from Japan and the US.
8. Which of the following about TanSat is TRUE？
A. It collects the CO2 in different areas above the ground.
B. It gets CO2 data by studying the colors of air.
C. It has been developed with the help of Japan and the US.
D. It has different modes to suit different weather conditions.
9. By reporting that the TanSat has very good "vision", the article shows that_______________.
A. the satellite uses many different kinds of cameras.
B. the satellite is very sensitive.
C. the satellite can capture every change in CO2.
D. the satellite can reflect light at 700 kilometers above the ground.
10. What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A. TanSat is specially designed to reduce China's CO2 emissions.
B. China did not have any detailed data of CO2 emissions before.
C. TanSat will play a key role in helping to reduce China's CO2 emissions.
D. China is going to share its data of CO2 emissions with other countries.
11. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Making great achievements B. Cutting CO2 emissions
C. Monitoring the ocean D. Checking more carbon
D
People have gown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16. 5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18 year-olds in 200 countries between 1914and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from I2th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182. 5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169. 8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, " he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular（心血管）disease among taller people.”
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Ugands and "Nigeria during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recant yeas, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi df the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to teach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important inaolications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best passible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."
12. What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years
A. There is a remarkable difference across cantinents.
B. There has been a marked increase in most countries.
C. The increase in people's height has been quickening.
D. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.
13. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height
A. It counts Jess than generally thought.
B. It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.
C. It impacts more on an individual than on a population.
D. It plays a more significant role in females than in males.
14. What do we lean about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Nigeria
A. They grow up slower than their peers in other countriea.
B. They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.
C. They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.
D. They have experienced many changes of govemment.
15. What does James Bentham suggest we do
A. Watch closely the global trend in children's development.
B. Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.
C. Try every means possible to improve our environment.
D. Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.
参考答案
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个伦敦旅游项目的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admire the views from The Shard部分中“As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.(它不仅重新定义了这座城市的天际线，也是一个欣赏伦敦辉煌风貌的理想场所)”可知，Shard能让游客看到伦敦的美景。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Eat your way around Borough Market部分中“It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).(这里过去主要是英国农产品，但现在你会发现全球商人和街头小吃摊：享用法国烤鸭肉三明治、埃塞俄比亚炖菜和苏格兰鸡蛋（当然是大份的）)”可知，你可以在吃到世界各地有名的食物。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.(但是在首都之外的“华纳兄弟电影公司之旅：哈利波特的诞生”中，你绝对不能错过，可以近距离地欣赏到8部哈利波特电影中令人难以置信的道具和布景)”可知，华纳兄弟电影公司之旅的特色是让人们更接近哈利波特。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是篇记叙文。作者讲述了在阿拉斯加的探险故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“While out exploring in the early evening, my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. (傍晚外出探险时，我的领头狗闻到了它无法抗拒的味道。它不顾我的指示，本能地转过身来，领着其他的狗全速朝相反的方向跑去。)”可知，因为领头的狗闻到了不可抗拒的味道，所以作者迷路了。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. (我的主人韦恩和斯嘉丽，过着不破坏生态平衡的生活。他们打猎、捕鱼、采集食物，同时有意识地减少碳足迹。)”可知，他们过着环保的生活。故选A项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. (驾驶一群雪橇狗并不像看上去那么容易。)”和“In reality it turned out much tougher. (事实证明，这要困难得多。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是驾驶雪橇犬的要求很高。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment. (幸运的是，我没有被狼咬死。迈克后来找到了我。我们的雪橇狗团队，在重聚的兴奋中，直接冲向对方，然后被绳子缠住了。从来没有无聊的时刻。)”可以推知，作者在阿拉斯加的探险既冒险又有趣。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19大流行的影响，但是很快就会反弹。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面“The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage.”（全球都受到了2020年厕纸大短缺的影响，人们纷纷抢购厕纸。事实上，从来就没有真正的短缺。）可知，“the mass hysteria”指的是描述前面的这一情况，即人们不合理的储存厕纸。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers”（除此之外，许多公司现在也开始涉足医用纸巾领域。）以及第五段中“causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging.”（这导致餐馆使用越来越多的一次性包装）可知，在医疗防护以及食品包装上面，纸的需求量已经引起了急剧的上升。A项physical checkup文中并未提到。B项eating tools与原文不符。D项Covid-19的治疗文中未提及。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance.”（在几个月的封锁和社交活动中断之后，DIY、手工艺、艺术和烘焙等实用爱好最近经历了一场复兴。）可知，社交活动中断导致了纸在艺术上的使用增加。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.”（今天，造纸业像许多其他行业一样，受到了Covid-19大流行的打击。但该行业预计将在2022年反弹，到2023年，预计将达到10.31亿美元的新高。这是可能发生的。）可得知，本文主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19的影响，但是很快就会反弹的情况。故选B项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.(工作了几个小时后，许多成年人在中午会感到困倦，迫切需要充电。但是比起喝杯咖啡，用睡眠来对抗困倦可能更有价值)”以及第二段中“A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. (她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”可知，中午工作几个小时后，我们可以小睡一会儿来克服困倦。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. (对大多数人来说，15分钟的时间应该足够让他们度过剩下的工作日了)”以及第四段“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”(临床心理学家Shelby Harris补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为白天任何晚一点的小睡“都会干扰你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，下午2点到3点之间15分钟是小睡的最佳选择。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. (咖啡或苏打水可能会“破坏你晚上的睡眠，而且只能在30分钟左右提供短期的能量”，Robbins说，与之相比，小睡是一种更健康的选择，可以改善工作表现、增强记忆力和激发创造力。Harris充说，午睡也有长期的健康益处，比如改善你的情绪，帮助管理压力。“午睡能减少事故和失误，同时还能提高注意力、警觉性、注意力和表现。” 如果你在开车前打个盹，它们甚至可以有效地用来对付困倦驾驶，”她说)”可推知，Robbions和Harris主要想表达小睡的好处。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.(睡眠科学家Rebecca Robbins解释说，“如果你很难保持清醒或晚上没睡好，午睡可以为你提供所需的提神剂。”她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”结合文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。可知，D选项“如何从小睡中受益”最符合文章标题。故选D。
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文。一场关于西班牙最伟大的艺术家毕加索的生活和工作空间的新展览在西班牙美丽的首都马德里开幕了，今年夏末，为了纪念文艺复兴时期画家埃尔·格列柯逝世400周年的展览，也将于6月24日至10月5日在普拉多大道的普拉多博物馆举办。文章介绍了如何去马德里去观看这些展览。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Why go to Madrid 部分第二段中的It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.可知，展览将持续到5月11日，展出的作品都是从他家人那里借来的。所以关于毕加索的展览将于5月11日闭幕。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to go 部分第一段中的Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted可知，瑞安航空从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to go 部分第二段中的Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes…The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; ∈5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time.(巴拉哈斯机场位于市中心东北方向13公里处，经常有地铁8号线的列车为其提供服务，但最短的地铁旅程有点复杂，至少要在纽埃沃斯迷你火车站换乘一次，大约需要30分钟。……机场快线每15至35分钟一班，昼夜不停；车费是∈5。到市中心需要40分钟。打车只需要一半的时间)可知，从巴拉哈斯机场到马德里市中心，乘最短的地铁需要30分钟，机场快线需要40分钟，而打车则需要一半的时间—20分钟。由此可知，从巴拉哈斯机场到马德里市中心最快的方式是坐出租车。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者在决定离婚后选择去租房，在这个过程中发生了一些故事，以此作者告诉我们永远不要失去希望。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 “I left her a message calling off our meeting.”可知作者给她留了个口信取消了他们的见面，作者对这个房间很不满意，因此情绪是失望的。故选C项。
5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段 “Camille called me back and insisted I come over.”可知，卡米尔给我回了电话，坚持要我过去。所以作者最后去看房子是因为房主卡米尔坚持让作者来看。故选C项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段 “Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped out of it, I drove off slowly, hoping to make the feeling last”可知我在收到卡米尔的祝福和安慰后心情变得好了起来并想要这种好心情持续下去，推测snapped out of it是“不再感受到不快乐或者沮丧”的意思。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，章叙述了作者在决定离婚后选择去租房，在这个过程中发生了一些故事，作者主要是想表达自己在租房子中由失望再到充满希望的过程，从而告诉我们无论在什么时候都不要放弃希望。A选项“不要失去希望”符合主旨。故选A项。
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章描述了中国的二氧化碳检测卫星“TanSat”及其检测二氧化碳的原理，叙述了该卫星对我国气候观测的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The satellite then looks at these colors to find out how much CO2 there is in the air.”可知卫星通过观察CO2从光中吸收的不同颜色，判断空气中有多少二氧化碳。即通过研究空气的颜色来获取二氧化碳数据。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段 “it can tell changes in CO2 as small as 1 percent”可知卫星能分辨出二氧化碳的变化，哪怕是只有1%的二氧化碳，所以通过报道TanSat有很好的“视力”，文章表明了这颗卫星很敏感。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“China will have first-hand, detailed data of CO2 emissions in different areas”可知中国将会在“TanSat”帮助下拥有不同地区、省份和部分海域二氧化碳排放的第一手详细数据，推理可知TanSat将在帮助中国减少二氧化碳排放方面发挥关键作用。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章描述了中国的二氧化碳检测卫星“TanSat”及其检测二氧化碳的原理，叙述了该卫星对我国气候观测的重要性。所以D项“检查更多碳”为短文最佳标题。故选D项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。说明了上个世纪不同地区的人们身高的变化，身高变化的原因以及身高与寿命的关系。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“People have gown taller over the last century” 可知人们在上个世纪长得更高了，身高普遍都有了增加。故选B项。
13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role”可知，一个人的遗传因素对他们的身高有很大的影响，但一旦把整个群体的平均值计算在内，遗传因素就不那么重要了，因此身高遗传学对个人的影响要大于对群体的影响。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “Nigeria during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recant yeas, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds”可知然在20世纪初，乌干达和尼日利亚的身高有所增加，但最近几年，这一趋势发生了逆转，18岁的人身高有所下降。所以18岁的乌干达和尼日利亚儿童的身高与他们的前一代相比更矮。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in.If we give children the best passible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”我们现在的身高很大程度上受到成长环境的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康、更有成效。詹姆斯·边沁呼吁我们应该关注孩子们的成长环境，确保我们的孩子在理想的环境中成长。故选D项
阅读理解专题
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The best things to do in London
Discover the city with our list of the best things to do and see in London, for visitors and locals alike. From free days out to unmissable restaurants, this is your ultimate London checklist for 2021.
Admire the views from The Shard
What is it Standing 309.6 metres (1,016 feet) high, it is London’s one and only 95-storey skyscraper, and the tallest building in Western Europe.
Why go The Shard has established itself as a timeless London landmark despite being barely a handful of years old. As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.
Hunt for antiques at Portobello Road Market
What is it The world’s largest antiques market, on a picturesque shopping street in Notting Hill—now traffic-free for socially distanced browsing.
Why go Although home to fruit and veg stalls too, Portobello Market is best known for the antiques and bric-à-brac stalls featuring at the Chepstow Villas end of the road. Don’t be fooled by the fold-out tables—this isn’t cheap tat and there are some serious treasures here. For more secondhand goodies, head further up the road, beyond the Westway.
Eat your way around Borough Market
What is it Dating back to the thirteenth century London’s oldest food market is a cornucopia of gourmet goodies.
Why go It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).
Visit Hogwarts at the Harry Potter Studio Tour
What is it There are a whole lot of Harry Potter locations in and around London, but the Warner Bros Studio Tour in Watford is the most magical.
Why go The capital is heaving with Harry Potter hotspots. Locations like Diagon Alley were set here and scenes from the world-famous movie franchise were filmed here. There’re walking tours and photo opportunities at the actual Platform 93/4 in King’s Cross. But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.
1. What do we know about the Shard
A. It is currently the tallest structure in Europe.
B. It is a 95-storey office block in the sky.
C. It allows visitors to get amazing views of London.
D. It has a long history as one of London’s landmarks.
2. Where can we go for some famous food around the globe
A. The Shard. B. Borough Market.
C. Diagon Alley. D. Portobello Road Market.
3. What features the Warner Bros Studio Tour
A. Bringing people closer to Harry Potter. B. Walking on a picturesque street.
C. Taking photos at the actual Platform 93/4. D. Gathering the majority of magicians.
B
As the Alaskan sky gradually turned dark blue, the commands to my sled dog team broke the silence. I threw a glance over my shoulder as I thundered down the frozen waterway in the sub-zero temperatures. Where was Mike, my guide I wondered if he realized I was miles away.
While out exploring in the early evening, my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. In my conversations with Mike over the past few days, I’d been told that if I got lost, I would be in big trouble. There weren’t any supplies for me — no extra clothing or shelter, not to mention the firestarter, and we had seen wolf tracks regularly.
It was March, the end of the Alaskan winter. A long journey from Australia had brought me to Yukon, Alaska. My hosts’ log cabin was the starting point for my 10-day adventure. Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. Having enjoyed many years of exploring the Alaskan wilderness, the couple chose to help adventurers to experience the same lifestyle.
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. I’d imagined it would be a very relaxing experience, in which I would ride along with a pleasant smile while gazing at the passing landscape. In reality it turned out much tougher. You must predict where your dogs would go and how the surface ahead might change.
During the journey, we stayed in a different place every night, and took care of our dog teams. These dogs can guarantee our safety and help us escape dangerous situations, so their health and well-being always rank first. After we settled, we started collecting snow for water and cutting firewood.
Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment.
4. Why did the writer get lost
A. The lead dog was misled by Mike.
B. He failed to give instructions in time.
C. The lead dog smelled something irresistible.
D. He had a poor sense of direction in darkness.
5. How did Wayne and Scarlett live in Alaska
A. They led an eco-friendly life.
B. They lived by helping adventurers.
C. They seldom walked out of their log cabin.
D They worked as guides for exploring Alaska.
6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Driving a sled dog team is demanding.
B. Adventurers prefer to ride with a smile.
C. Appreciating the landscape is appealing.
D. Adventurers take care of their dog teams.
7. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s exploration in Alaska
A. Wonderful and entertaining. B. Frightening and exhausting.
C. Dangerous and painstaking. D. Adventurous and interesting.
C
Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.
The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage. It’s not clear exactly why the mass hysteria occurred.
To nobody’s surprise, today the tissue market is still booming. Demand for toilet paper, tissues and paper towels has been growing for years. As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers. Some have temporarily switched to surgical face masks and gowns to meet the demand for personal protection equipment.
But there’s more surprising medical use for paper: rapid tests. The system is widely used for many routine tests, such as to detect pregnancy and HIV. And there are already rapid tests out there that use paper to identify if a person has developed antibodies to Covid-19.
Equally, food hygiene has become more of a concern. There has been a sharp decrease in the number of customers wanting to reach into a pot to fetch spoons, forks or straws for obvious reasons, causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging. Meanwhile, schools have started to provide paper lunch boxes so that students don’t need to eat all together in a canteen.
Then there’s art. After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance. Some paper companies have seen more interest in paper for education, art and design.
Of course, some aspects of paper production have taken more of a hit.
“We supply a lot of paper that ends up in hotel, so we’ve seen a drop in sales,” says Nick Bizzell, the director of London-based Bizzell Paper. But Bizzell is still optimistic. He pointed out that demand for certain types of paper, such as the A4 kind used in offices, has been shrinking for decades, after losing the battle against computers. But overall the paper industry is growing.
Paper is now protecting us from viral infections and boredom, and it will always be a valuable material in our life.
8. What does the underlined phrase “the mass hysteria” probably refer to
A. The mass production of toilet paper in 2020.
B. The true shortage of toilet paper caused by the public.
C. The effect of Covid-19 on the paper industry.
D. The unreasonable storage of toilet paper among the public.
9. Which of the following have witnessed an increasing demand for paper
A. Rapid tests and physical checkup.
B. Surgical face masks and eating tools.
C. Medical protection equipment and food packaging.
D. The treatment of Covid-19 and pregnancy detection.
10. What causes more use of paper in art
A. Being unable to socialize.
B. The promotion of paper companies.
C. Being interested in art education.
D. The marketing strategies of paper companies.
11. What’s the text mainly about
A. Paper industry on the decline.
B. Paper industry in the recovery.
C. The blow of Covid-19 to the paper industry.
D. The effect of medicine on the paper industry.
D
Children aren’t the only ones who can benefit from naps. After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.
A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
How long should a power nap be Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing to increase alertness throughout the day. “You don’t have to go to sleep fully.” says James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who coined the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago. “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas cautions that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling dizzy for another hour or so.”
Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”
In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says.
12. How can we fight sleepiness after hours of working at noon
A. By drinking a cup of coffee. B. By having a power nap.
C. By getting a good night’s sleep. D. By listening to music.
13. Which is the best choice for a power nap
A. 15minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. B. 40 minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m.
C. 15 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. D. 40 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m.
14. What do Robbions and Harris mainly convey
A. The benefits of power naps. B. The damage coffee and soda do to you.
C. Means of reducing accidents and mistakes. D. Ways to improve workplace performance.
15. What can be the best title for the passage
A. Power naps’ cons B. The benefits of coffee
C. When we should take a power nap D. How to benefit from a power nap
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项.
A
The Summer Food Service Program(SFSP)provides children in low-income areas with healthy meals and snacks for free.By this means children can get the nutrition necessary for learning, playing, and growing when they are out of school for summer vacation.
Sponsors
SFSP is run by local approved sponsors such as school districts, local government agencies, camps, or private non-profit organizations.These sponsors receive payments from the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)through local agencies for the meals they serve and their documented operating costs.
Feeding locations
There are three kinds of feeding locations in New Jersey-open sites, enrolled sites, and camps.Open sites operate in low-income areas where at least 50% of the children come from families with incomes equal or less than 185% of the federal poverty level, which means they are qualified for free and reduced price meals.Meals are served free to any child at the open sites.
At most sites, children get either one or two reimbursable(可补偿的)meals per day.For locations primarily aiming to serve migrant children, they may be permitted to serve as many as three meals a day to each child.
Eligibility(资格)
Children aged 18 and under can receive free meals and snacks through SFSP.For those over 18, they are also eligible if they are disabled and participate in special school programs for people with mental or physical disabilities.
Enrolled sites provide meals to children participating in an activity program at the sites where at least half of them qualify for free and reduced price meals.Camps are also welcomed to join SFSP.They receive payments only for the meals served to children who are eligible for free and reduced price meals.
1. Which of the following will pay for the free meals
A. SFSP B. USDA.
C. Local government agencies. D. Private non-profit organizations.
2. What can we infer from the text
A. Only those who are aged 18 and under have across to the free meals.
B. No more than two meals a day are served to each child at all the sites.
C. SFSP offers children in low-income areas free food only on summer vacation.
D. Children with family incomes above the federal poverty level are unqualified.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To persuade children to get help.
B. To introduce a charity campaign.
C. To appeal to the public for donation.
D. To publicize the government's achievements.
B
Zide, a guqin studio in China, has made the ancient Chinese instrument popular in recent times.Its videos, in which performers play traditional Chinese music with several instruments including guqin, have become popular on the Internet.The performances feature the traditional clothing which the players wear as well as the style, making them look like classic Chinese paintings coming to life.
In 2014, several young people founded the studio in Shanghai.Each of them played the guqin, and together they began to teach others.Since 2015, they have been making videos of their performances, mainly solos.Besides, they produced a series of short videos to teach how to play the instrument correctly.
"Each traditional Chinese musical instrument has a unique characteristic.So 1 pick only one of each kind in a piece of music and make it show its full potential," said Tang Bin, one of the studio's co-founders.
Since 2017, the studio has been working with costumers specializing in historical clothing, make-up, and hairstyles.These elements have made the videos more attractive to the younger audience.In cooperation with the costumers, the video called Kongshan Niaoyu(Birdsong in Hollow Valley)has been a big success on Bilibili, a Chinese video-sharing website that is especially popular among young generations in China."It is hard to imagine that an ancient instrument like guqin can attract over 460,000 followers on a website where the average age of visitors is 13," Tang said.The videos have also become a hit on social media platforms abroad, with the most popular one watched more than 13 million times.Anna Cardoso, a Brazilian viewer; commented, "I love Chinese culture and music! Hope people preserve their history and don't let it die!" In the comment section, foreigners can find explanatory comments by enthusiastic viewers introducing the cultural background or elements, which can help them better understand China.
"This shows that good music and beautiful works of art can break the boundaries of nationality," said Zhu Liyue, head of the studio and another co-founder.The combination of delicate clothes and images can dispel the stereotypes foreigners have about ancient Chinese culture.
4. Which is the highlighted part of Zide's videos
A. They are made by a famous studio.
B. They show players playing several ancient Chinese instruments.
C. The performances look like classic Chinese paintings coming to life.
D. The performers teach the audience how to play the guqin correctly.
5. What makes Zide attractive to the younger audience
A. It is founded by several young people.
B. It picks only one instrument in a performance.
C. It mainly produces videos of solo performances.
D. It adds historical elements to the styling of costumes.
6. What do we know from Paragraph 4
A. Zide's most watched video online is Kongshan Niaoyu.
B. Bilibili is visited mostly by young people at home and abroad.
C. Ancient instruments like guqin can easily attract followers on a website.
D. Foreign audience can understand Chins better by watching Zide's videos.
7. What does the underlined word "dispel" in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Bring attention to the idea. B. Separate from the original one.
C. Strengthen the understanding. D. Make a feeling or belief disappear.
C
The 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U.S. Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）Louise Gluck. The prize committee cited “her unique poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal”. Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77, joins a list of literary giants and previous Nobelists who include, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.
Gluck’s work includes 12 collections of poetry and a few volumes of essays on literary writing. “All are characterized by a striving for clarity（清晰）. Childhood and family life, the close relationship with parents and siblings, is a theme that has remained central to her,” Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said. “She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths and classical motifs,” Olsson added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the committee described as “masterly” for its “visionary interpretation of the myth of Persephone’s (珀尔塞福涅) fall into hell in the captivity (囚禁) of Hades(哈得斯), the god of death”.
Being a professor at Yale and a resident of Cambridge, Gluck also served as U.S. Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004 and is no stranger to awards. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1993 for her collection of poems titled The Wild Iris, in which “she describes the incredible return of life after winter in the poem Snowdrops,” the Nobel literature committee said Thursday. She also won the 2014 National Book Award for the poem Faithful and Virtuous Night. In 2016, President Obama awarded the National Humanities Medal to Gluck in a White House ceremony.
The publicity-shy Gluck did not immediately issue any comment about the latest honor for her body of work, which spans more than half a century. In a 2012 interview, she acknowledged that prizes can make “existence in the world easier” but did not amount to the immortality(不朽) of a true artist.
8. What can we know about Gluck from Paragraph 1
A. She is as popular as the Chinese novelist Mo Yan.
B. She won the Nobel Prize for her special literary style.
C. She is the first American to win a Nobel Prize in literature.
D. She is the only Poet Laureate in modern American history.
9. What do Gluck’s poems mainly focus on
A. Daily life. B. Nature.
C. Careers. D. Classical myths.
10. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3
A. To show Gluck’s contributions to literature.
B. To prove Gluck’s great passion for writing.
C. To present Gluck’s outstanding achievements.
D. To stress Gluck’s influence on other poets.
11. What does Gluck think about the honor she has received
A. She is content with it.
B. She takes it very seriously.
C. She deserves a higher honor.
D. She doesn’t attach great importance to it.
D
Conservationists have long known that using pandas, tigers and other charismatic(有号召力的) species to front their campaigns is a good way to raise money. But some people argue that focusing on these “flagship” animals can ignore equally threatened but less cute ones.
Now Jennifer McGowan at Macquarie University in Sydney and her colleagues suggest that we can have it both ways, after finding that funding for flagship species also helps other threatened species in the surrounding areas. McGowan’s team first drew up a list of 534 flagship species in wildlife-rich hot spots around the world. The biodiversity areas were each split into grids (网格) of 100 by 100 kilometre squares. The researchers then compared two conservation approaches across eight simulated scenarios(模拟场景) which assumed different levels of human activity and protected areas.
The first focused on protecting flagship species, while the second aimed to protect the maximum number of species in an area, regardless of their fundraising potential. Their study has found that targeting grid squares with flagship species also protected 79 to 89 per cent of the non-flagship species in that area. The figure rose to 97 per cent in some scenarios. “The findings could help when choosing which species to promote. Flagship species are very effective at getting the public to care,” she says.
Morgan Trimble the author of a paper that has found scientists also have a bias towards charismatic animals, says the results don’t surprise her. “While I think it’s important that we don’t lose sight of the bigger picture --- conserving species is about conserving all the component parts of ecosystems, even the not-so-cute species --- I think highlighting flagship species in fundraising and education is a practical idea and appeals to human nature,” she says. Trimble also asks what the alternative to using flagship species would be: randomly picking species McGowan’s study found a random approach to choosing where to spend conservation funds only protected 39 to 55 per cent of the non-flagship species.
12. What kind of animals do conservationists usually use to raise funds
A. Less attractive animals.
B. Endangered flagship animals
C. Threatened but not necessarily cute species.
D. Charismatic but not necessarily threatened species.
13. What has McGowan and her team’s study revealed
A. It’s fair enough to focus on flagship species.
B. There are very few flagship species in grid squares.
C. Non-flagship species are poorly protected in general.
D. Flagship species are getting more than enough attention.
14. What does Trimble think of the study’s outcome
A. It needs to be further confirmed B. It is in line with her expectations.
C. It is beyond her comprehension. D. It goes right against human nature.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. How to choose a charismatic species
B. The effects of human activity on animals
C. How to best channel conservation efforts
D. The role of fundraising in saving animals
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Why go to Madrid？
There may be a slight chill(寒冷) in the air, with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March, but Spain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events.
A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.
Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance(文艺复兴) painter El Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24June to 5 October.
How to go
The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.
Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city centre is ∈4.50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; ∈5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of ∈30 covers most of central Madrid.
1. When will the exhibition about Picasso close
A. On 23 March. B. On 11 May. C. On 24June. D. On 5 October.
2. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid
A. EasyJet. B. Ryanair. C. Air Europa. D. British Airways.
3. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport
A. Take a taxi B. Take a city bus. C. Take Metro line 8. D. Take the airport express bus.
B
My divorce was now final and I needed to find a new home for me and my six-year-old son, Dash. A few days earlier I'd seen an sd. I was willing to try anything, so I contacted the owner, a woman named Camille. When she e-mailed me back I discovered she wasn't renting s house at all She was renting the attic（阁楼）apartment. I left her a message calling off our meeting.
I thought that would be the end of it. Instead, Camille called me back and insisted I come over. So here I was. I pulled the car to a stop and looked up at the tiny collage. The house was small as it was. The attic window looked too tiny to led much light in. We couldn't live in a dark, depressing place. I could make do with almost anything But Dash needs a good home, a place be really feels safe.
I pushed open the car door and got out. I had to sell Camille it was a mistake for me to come. I knocked. The woman who opened the door was small and bright-eyed. She was much older than I'd guessed, but I could see she had the energy of someone half her age. She looked so sympathetic that I found myself wanting to keep talking to her. "We have to leave our home, "I explained. "My marriage ended. I only have a few days to find something else, but I want it to be right."
Camille nodded. "You're a good mother. You never know the miracles that await you around the comer, "Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped out of it, I drove off slowly, hoping to make the feeling last. I turned down a side street I didn't recognize. I glanced out of the side window. Just up ahead was a cottage with a sign out in front：for rent.
I pulled over. I found the owners had just bought the house themselves and were decorating it, hoping to find the perfect renters. They took me on a tour of the house that was like a copy of my list:；a big bedroom for Dash and a backyard with trees, s great school nearby. The house was meant for us.
Camille was right. Micacles await us, just around the comer.
4. How did the author feel after she received Camille's e-mail
A. Anxious. B. Excited.
C. Disappointed. D. Content.
5. Why did the author decide to see Camille's house at last
A. Because the rent of it was teally low.
B. Because her son begged her ta do that.
C. Because Camille kept urging her to have a look.
D. Because the price was within her range.
6. What does the underlined part "snapped out of it" probably mean
A. Say something in an impatient voice. B. Stop feeling unhappy or depressed.
C. Make a sharp noise suddenly. D. Lose control of one's feelings.
7. What message does the passage mainly convey
A. Never lose hope. B. No pains, no gains.
C. Every little bit helps. D. Well begun is half done.
C
On Dec 22, China became the third country in the world after Japan and the US to have a carbon dioxide（CO2）monitoring satellite.
Named Tansat, as "tan" is the Chinese word for carbon, the satellite moves around Earth at about 700 kilometers above the ground. There, it can “see” clearly how much CO2 there is in the air and how it is moving.
How is TanSat able to do that？When sunlight travels through the air, the CO2 molecules（分子）take in different colors from the light. The satellite then looks at these colors to find out how much CO2 there is in the air.
“The TanSat has very good vision（视力）, and it can tell changes in CO2 as small as 1 percent, ” said Yin Zeng shan, one of the satellite's designers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to Xinhua News Agency.
But there is a question. When CO2 can already be measured from ground stations, why do we need a satellite that does the same thing？
The truth is that they don't do exactly the same thing. According to Zhang Peng, vice director of the National Satellite Meteorological Center, the data from ground stations is limited and it does not cover the ocean area, which takes up more than 70 petcent of Earth's surface.
But TanSat has solved the problem. It has a bird's eye view of the Earth, covering both the land and the ocean. It can also change its mode（模式）and position when looking at the ocean area because the water can reflect light. This light may change the data if its normal mode is used.
More importantly, China is now working on its goal of producing less CO, , starting from 2030 or earlier. To meet that goal, it will need to keep track of every bit of progress that it's making.
And with TauSat, China will have first-hand, detailed data of CO2 emissions in different areas, provinces and parts of the ocean, no longer having to use data from Japan and the US.
8. Which of the following about TanSat is TRUE？
A. It collects the CO2 in different areas above the ground.
B. It gets CO2 data by studying the colors of air.
C. It has been developed with the help of Japan and the US.
D. It has different modes to suit different weather conditions.
9. By reporting that the TanSat has very good "vision", the article shows that_______________.
A. the satellite uses many different kinds of cameras.
B. the satellite is very sensitive.
C. the satellite can capture every change in CO2.
D. the satellite can reflect light at 700 kilometers above the ground.
10. What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A. TanSat is specially designed to reduce China's CO2 emissions.
B. China did not have any detailed data of CO2 emissions before.
C. TanSat will play a key role in helping to reduce China's CO2 emissions.
D. China is going to share its data of CO2 emissions with other countries.
11. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Making great achievements B. Cutting CO2 emissions
C. Monitoring the ocean D. Checking more carbon
D
People have gown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16. 5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18 year-olds in 200 countries between 1914and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from I2th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182. 5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169. 8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, " he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular（心血管）disease among taller people.”
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Ugands and "Nigeria during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recant yeas, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi df the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to teach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important inaolications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best passible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."
12. What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years
A. There is a remarkable difference across cantinents.
B. There has been a marked increase in most countries.
C. The increase in people's height has been quickening.
D. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.
13. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height
A. It counts Jess than generally thought.
B. It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.
C. It impacts more on an individual than on a population.
D. It plays a more significant role in females than in males.
14. What do we lean about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Nigeria
A. They grow up slower than their peers in other countriea.
B. They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.
C. They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.
D. They have experienced many changes of govemment.
15. What does James Bentham suggest we do
A. Watch closely the global trend in children's development.
B. Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.
C. Try every means possible to improve our environment.
D. Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.
参考答案
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个伦敦旅游项目的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admire the views from The Shard部分中“As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.(它不仅重新定义了这座城市的天际线，也是一个欣赏伦敦辉煌风貌的理想场所)”可知，Shard能让游客看到伦敦的美景。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Eat your way around Borough Market部分中“It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).(这里过去主要是英国农产品，但现在你会发现全球商人和街头小吃摊：享用法国烤鸭肉三明治、埃塞俄比亚炖菜和苏格兰鸡蛋（当然是大份的）)”可知，你可以在吃到世界各地有名的食物。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.(但是在首都之外的“华纳兄弟电影公司之旅：哈利波特的诞生”中，你绝对不能错过，可以近距离地欣赏到8部哈利波特电影中令人难以置信的道具和布景)”可知，华纳兄弟电影公司之旅的特色是让人们更接近哈利波特。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是篇记叙文。作者讲述了在阿拉斯加的探险故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“While out exploring in the early evening, my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. (傍晚外出探险时，我的领头狗闻到了它无法抗拒的味道。它不顾我的指示，本能地转过身来，领着其他的狗全速朝相反的方向跑去。)”可知，因为领头的狗闻到了不可抗拒的味道，所以作者迷路了。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. (我的主人韦恩和斯嘉丽，过着不破坏生态平衡的生活。他们打猎、捕鱼、采集食物，同时有意识地减少碳足迹。)”可知，他们过着环保的生活。故选A项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. (驾驶一群雪橇狗并不像看上去那么容易。)”和“In reality it turned out much tougher. (事实证明，这要困难得多。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是驾驶雪橇犬的要求很高。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment. (幸运的是，我没有被狼咬死。迈克后来找到了我。我们的雪橇狗团队，在重聚的兴奋中，直接冲向对方，然后被绳子缠住了。从来没有无聊的时刻。)”可以推知，作者在阿拉斯加的探险既冒险又有趣。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19大流行的影响，但是很快就会反弹。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面“The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage.”（全球都受到了2020年厕纸大短缺的影响，人们纷纷抢购厕纸。事实上，从来就没有真正的短缺。）可知，“the mass hysteria”指的是描述前面的这一情况，即人们不合理的储存厕纸。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers”（除此之外，许多公司现在也开始涉足医用纸巾领域。）以及第五段中“causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging.”（这导致餐馆使用越来越多的一次性包装）可知，在医疗防护以及食品包装上面，纸的需求量已经引起了急剧的上升。A项physical checkup文中并未提到。B项eating tools与原文不符。D项Covid-19的治疗文中未提及。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance.”（在几个月的封锁和社交活动中断之后，DIY、手工艺、艺术和烘焙等实用爱好最近经历了一场复兴。）可知，社交活动中断导致了纸在艺术上的使用增加。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.”（今天，造纸业像许多其他行业一样，受到了Covid-19大流行的打击。但该行业预计将在2022年反弹，到2023年，预计将达到10.31亿美元的新高。这是可能发生的。）可得知，本文主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19的影响，但是很快就会反弹的情况。故选B项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.(工作了几个小时后，许多成年人在中午会感到困倦，迫切需要充电。但是比起喝杯咖啡，用睡眠来对抗困倦可能更有价值)”以及第二段中“A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. (她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”可知，中午工作几个小时后，我们可以小睡一会儿来克服困倦。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. (对大多数人来说，15分钟的时间应该足够让他们度过剩下的工作日了)”以及第四段“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”(临床心理学家Shelby Harris补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为白天任何晚一点的小睡“都会干扰你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，下午2点到3点之间15分钟是小睡的最佳选择。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. (咖啡或苏打水可能会“破坏你晚上的睡眠，而且只能在30分钟左右提供短期的能量”，Robbins说，与之相比，小睡是一种更健康的选择，可以改善工作表现、增强记忆力和激发创造力。Harris充说，午睡也有长期的健康益处，比如改善你的情绪，帮助管理压力。“午睡能减少事故和失误，同时还能提高注意力、警觉性、注意力和表现。” 如果你在开车前打个盹，它们甚至可以有效地用来对付困倦驾驶，”她说)”可推知，Robbions和Harris主要想表达小睡的好处。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.(睡眠科学家Rebecca Robbins解释说，“如果你很难保持清醒或晚上没睡好，午睡可以为你提供所需的提神剂。”她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”结合文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。可知，D选项“如何从小睡中受益”最符合文章标题。故选D。
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文。一场关于西班牙最伟大的艺术家毕加索的生活和工作空间的新展览在西班牙美丽的首都马德里开幕了，今年夏末，为了纪念文艺复兴时期画家埃尔·格列柯逝世400周年的展览，也将于6月24日至10月5日在普拉多大道的普拉多博物馆举办。文章介绍了如何去马德里去观看这些展览。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Why go to Madrid 部分第二段中的It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.可知，展览将持续到5月11日，展出的作品都是从他家人那里借来的。所以关于毕加索的展览将于5月11日闭幕。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to go 部分第一段中的Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted可知，瑞安航空从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to go 部分第二段中的Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes…The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; ∈5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time.(巴拉哈斯机场位于市中心东北方向13公里处，经常有地铁8号线的列车为其提供服务，但最短的地铁旅程有点复杂，至少要在纽埃沃斯迷你火车站换乘一次，大约需要30分钟。……机场快线每15至35分钟一班，昼夜不停；车费是∈5。到市中心需要40分钟。打车只需要一半的时间)可知，从巴拉哈斯机场到马德里市中心，乘最短的地铁需要30分钟，机场快线需要40分钟，而打车则需要一半的时间—20分钟。由此可知，从巴拉哈斯机场到马德里市中心最快的方式是坐出租车。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者在决定离婚后选择去租房，在这个过程中发生了一些故事，以此作者告诉我们永远不要失去希望。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 “I left her a message calling off our meeting.”可知作者给她留了个口信取消了他们的见面，作者对这个房间很不满意，因此情绪是失望的。故选C项。
5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段 “Camille called me back and insisted I come over.”可知，卡米尔给我回了电话，坚持要我过去。所以作者最后去看房子是因为房主卡米尔坚持让作者来看。故选C项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段 “Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped out of it, I drove off slowly, hoping to make the feeling last”可知我在收到卡米尔的祝福和安慰后心情变得好了起来并想要这种好心情持续下去，推测snapped out of it是“不再感受到不快乐或者沮丧”的意思。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，章叙述了作者在决定离婚后选择去租房，在这个过程中发生了一些故事，作者主要是想表达自己在租房子中由失望再到充满希望的过程，从而告诉我们无论在什么时候都不要放弃希望。A选项“不要失去希望”符合主旨。故选A项。
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章描述了中国的二氧化碳检测卫星“TanSat”及其检测二氧化碳的原理，叙述了该卫星对我国气候观测的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The satellite then looks at these colors to find out how much CO2 there is in the air.”可知卫星通过观察CO2从光中吸收的不同颜色，判断空气中有多少二氧化碳。即通过研究空气的颜色来获取二氧化碳数据。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段 “it can tell changes in CO2 as small as 1 percent”可知卫星能分辨出二氧化碳的变化，哪怕是只有1%的二氧化碳，所以通过报道TanSat有很好的“视力”，文章表明了这颗卫星很敏感。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“China will have first-hand, detailed data of CO2 emissions in different areas”可知中国将会在“TanSat”帮助下拥有不同地区、省份和部分海域二氧化碳排放的第一手详细数据，推理可知TanSat将在帮助中国减少二氧化碳排放方面发挥关键作用。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章描述了中国的二氧化碳检测卫星“TanSat”及其检测二氧化碳的原理，叙述了该卫星对我国气候观测的重要性。所以D项“检查更多碳”为短文最佳标题。故选D项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。说明了上个世纪不同地区的人们身高的变化，身高变化的原因以及身高与寿命的关系。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“People have gown taller over the last century” 可知人们在上个世纪长得更高了，身高普遍都有了增加。故选B项。
13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role”可知，一个人的遗传因素对他们的身高有很大的影响，但一旦把整个群体的平均值计算在内，遗传因素就不那么重要了，因此身高遗传学对个人的影响要大于对群体的影响。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “Nigeria during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recant yeas, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds”可知然在20世纪初，乌干达和尼日利亚的身高有所增加，但最近几年，这一趋势发生了逆转，18岁的人身高有所下降。所以18岁的乌干达和尼日利亚儿童的身高与他们的前一代相比更矮。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in.If we give children the best passible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”我们现在的身高很大程度上受到成长环境的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康、更有成效。詹姆斯·边沁呼吁我们应该关注孩子们的成长环境，确保我们的孩子在理想的环境中成长。故选D项
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