Unit5 What are the shirts made of? section A Grammar Focus-4c 课件（共41张PPT）

(共41张PPT)
Unit 5
What are the shirts made of
Section A
GF~4c
1. 不论; 无论
2. 即便; 即使
3. 避免做某事
4. 生产于
5. 日常用品
6. 手机
7. 高科技产品
everyday things
even though
no matter
avoid doing sth.
be made in
mobile phone
high-technology products
boss
Germany
surface
material
traffic
postman
cap
glove
n. 老板；上司
德国
n. 表面；表层
n. 材料；原料
adj. 交通；路上行使的车辆
n. 邮递员
n. （尤指有帽舌的）帽子
n. （分手指的）手套
Words Review
Lead in
Objectives
To learn to use passive voice (present tense)
Are your shirts made of cotton
It’s produced in many different areas.
Tea is grown in Hangzhou.
Grammar focus
Are your shirt made of cotton
Yes, they are. And they were made in the US.
What’s the model plane made of
It’s made of used wood and glass.
Where is tea produced in China
It’s produced in many different areas.
How is tea produced
Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
结构: be + V-p.p.
am / are / is + 动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态:
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students.(被动语态)
语态
表格：被动态基本结构
时态 被动语态结构
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
am/is/are done
was/were done
am/is/are being done
was/were being done
shall/will be done
have/has been done
一般现在时的被动语态结构式：
　（1）肯定句：主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人称代词宾格)+ 其他
　　eg：English is studied (by us) every day.
　（2）否定句：主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人称代词宾格)+ 其他
　　eg：English is not studied (by us) every day.
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
构成
　（3）疑问句：Be(am/is/are)+主语+动词的过去分词+（by+人称代词宾格）+其他？
　　eg：Is English not studied (by us) every day
　（4）特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他
eg:Where was this book bought
肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋(by ~)
否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋(by ~)
一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by ~)
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋ (by ~)
by many students.
English
is studied
by many students.
English
is not studied
4a
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Children under 18 _____________ (not allow) to watch this show without their parents.
2. We ________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.
3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany
B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
4. Most of the earth’s surface ___________ (cover) by water.
5. The classroom _________ (clean) by the students every day.
aren’t allowed
are paid
is spoken
is covered
is cleaned
Many people speak English.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
English is spoken by many people.
主语 谓语动词主动语态的一般现在时 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
People grow tea in Hangzhou.
主动语态, 句子的主语people是动作grow的执行者
主动句和被动句的转换
by people
is grown
tea
in Hangzhou
Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou.
被动语态, 句子的主语tea是动作grow的承受者
主动句变为被动句四步骤：
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
转换
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
are made
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
by them.
主变被解题步骤
宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+v. pp
先划出主谓宾
People play football all over the world.
2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
Football is played by people all over the world .
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.
把下列主动句变为被动句。
Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句)
Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑问句)
Are your flowers watered by you every day
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？
按要求改写下列句子。
3. This English song is sung by the girls after class.
① 改为否定句
②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答
③对画线部分提问
This English song is not sung by the girls after class.
Is this English song sung by the girls after class
When is this English song sung by the girls
被动语态的运用:
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没
有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。
When will the road be opened to traffic
这条路什么时候通车
（2） 需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。

Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
他在比赛中获得了第一。
有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
You are requested to give a performance.
请你给我们表演一个节目。
（3）
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.
　We were told the truth by Jack.
　The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
He passes me the football. (改成被动语态)
I _____ ______ the football by him.
The football ______ ______ ______ me by him.
am
passed
is
passed
to
注意事项
1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）
常见的接双宾语的动词有:
七给一带: pass, give, show, hand，send, write, bring
买画唱做: make, buy, draw, sing, get,
如：1.He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him. （以I做主语）
－A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）
以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；
以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.
七给一带 to 不少，买画唱做 for 来帮
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.
They take good care of my child.
My child is taken good care of .
I turned off the radio.
The radio was turned off (by me)
2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
即feel , hear , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.
1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.
He
was seen
to play basketball last Sunday.
2.We heard them sing in the classroom.
They
was heard
to sing in the classroom.
3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。
We often help each other.
我们常常互相帮助。
（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to …）
I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。
I will have a meeting.
不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
4.不能用于被动语态的几种情况
4b
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains.
__________________________________________________________
2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses.
__________________________________________________________
3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents.
__________________________________________________________
4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s home.
__________________________________________________________
5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often.
__________________________________________________________
The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.
The best materials are used to make dresses by this shop.
Letters and postcards are brought to people’s home by the postman.
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.
This silver plate isn’t used very often by our family.
4c
Ask five classmates about something they are wearing or have in their schoolbags. The list of words below may help you.
pencil jacket sweater T-shirt shoes cap gloves ring
What’s your pencil made of
It’s made of wood.
Where was it made
It was made in Shanghai.
4c Pair Work
A: Where are …
B: They are … in …
A: Where is / are …
B: It is / They are … in …
grow in Brazil
grow in Colombia
grow in China
grow in Canada
Summary
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词 　
被动语态
Many people speak English.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
English is spoken by many people.
主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
考点例析
Hong Kong ______ to be a good place for eating today. (河北)
A. knows B. knew
C. is known D. was known
【考点点拨】
首先根据today一词及句意确定时态为一般现在时，其次因为香港与know之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。is known 被……所认识，了解。
Exercise
【河南】 — Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
— Sorry. The book you ask for______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold
C. was selling D. will be sold
【解析】主语the book和动词sell构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选B。
【广西南宁】 Han Han’s books are popular. They _______ by many teenagers.
A. is read B. was read
C. are read D. were read
【解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选C项。
【湖北宜昌】 — At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
— More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered
C. have offered D. are offering
【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选B。
【湖北襄阳】— Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right
— Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here.
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed
C. won't allow D. doesn't allow
【解析】由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。
【广东梅州】The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken
C. take D. takes
【解析】主语the child与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
【浙江宁波】 — Have you finished your project
— Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes.
A. give B. am given
C. will give D. will be given
【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。
【湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _______ hand, and it ______ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt
B. are made from; is felt
C. are made of; feels
D. is made by; feels
【解析】句意: “这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服”, 主语this pair of shoes不能执行谓语动词make, 故用被动语态, 且主语为第三人称单数形式, 用is made by的被动结构; feel为连系动词, 不能用被动语态，故选D。
1.Sunglasses ________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes.
2. A picture _____ (put) up on the blackboard.
3. French ________ (speak) in France.
4. Which language ____ the most widely _______ (speak) in the world
5. The students ___ often ___ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
are used
is put
is spoken
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
is
spoken
are
told
Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句)
2. Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑问句)
Are your flowers watered by you every day
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？
二.按要求改写下列句子。