单项选择。
1. Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles again and we _________ him.
A. are interested in B. are proud of C. are angry with D. are mad at
2. The boy is ________ to go to school.
A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. old enough
3. The knife is used ______ cutting things.
A. as B. by C. for D. with
4. English is the most important foreign language ______ children will learn at school.
A. what B. why C. that D. if
5. You should learn English well. Because it is ______ for tourism.
A. interesting B. essential C. difficult D. boring
6. Chinese will become as common as English _____ the middle of the 21st century.
A. by B. on C. for D. with
7. The UK was a country _____ industrial products ______ all over the world.
A. that, were sold B. whose; sold C. whose, were sold D. that, sold
8. All he needs is ______ a few minutes on his handwriting.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
9. The park is _____ beautiful a place that _____ many people come to visit it every day.
A. so, such B. such, so C. such, such D. so, so
10. Please show me the watch that you want _______.
A. it repaired B. to have repaired C. to have it repaired D. to repair it
Key:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
一、根据汉语完成下列句子。
1. I think I’ve _______ (达到) a lot in English.
2. He has reached a ______ (水平) which is quite good.
3. I think your _______ (书法) is better than mine.
4. English is used for government, _______ (教育) and trade.
5. The _______ (语法) of the English is difficult.
6. ________ (四分之一) of the world’s people are using English now.
7. Now the _______ (工业的) products of China are sole all over the world.
8. Do you think the ________ (重要性) of English will last?
单句改错。
1. This is the man to who I wrote a letter.
A B C D
2. No matter where I go, I tell you.
A B C D
3. This is the tallest tree which I have seen.
A B C D
4. The school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.
A B C D
5. I want to finish the project，in the place of Tom.
A B C D
Key:
1. C. to who → to whom 2. D. tell → will tell 3. C. which → that
4. C. more beautiful → more 5. D. in the place of →in place of
句型转换。
1. Although I have tried my best, I failed in the exam. (变为同义句)
I have tired my best, ______ I filed in the exam.
2. They speak English as a second language. (变为被动语态)
English ______ ______ as a second language.
3. His bike is new. My bike is newer. (合并为一句)
My bike is _____ _____ _____.
4. They are going to have an English party this evening. (就划线部分提问)
_____ are they going to _____ this evening?
5. The whole family are staying in Beijing for five days. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ are the whole family staying in Shanghai？
Key:
1. but 2. is spoken 3. newer than his 4. What, do 5. How long
情景对话。
Lucy: Hi, Jean.________1______________
Jean: Hi, Lucy. I’m OK. Only a bit busy.
Lucy: __________2________________
Jean: Sorry, I can’t. I have to study.
Lucy: You always have to study. Have some fun today! There is a good comedy showing.
Jean: ___________3__________________ I’m going to the library. You should come，too.
Lucy: I know. ____________4_______________
Jean: At three o’clock. Are you coming with me? We can study together.
Lucy: ____________5_____________
Jean: Until about five o’clock. I have to go home for dinner at six o’clock.
Lucy: OK, let’s go.
A: We will have a math test tomorrow, you know.
B: What time are you going to the library?
C: How are you?
D: How long are you staying there?
E: Can you come to the movie today?
Key:
1-5 C E A B D
The bicycle is one of the simplest yet most useful inventions in the world. What is most surprising is that it was not 1 earlier, although the great inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn pictures for bicycles and also for flying machines and some other things. Those things were not produced 2 long after he died.
A person riding a bicycle uses 3 energy (能源) to make the bicycle move, and there is no pollution (污染) at all when you are riding. Even so, in developed 4 , most people don't travel to work by bicycle. It is not because the bicycles are expensive or people feel 5 if they tide to work. It' s because 6 cars on the roads becomes larger. It certainly becomes 7_ to ride a bicycle. As a result, more people put their bicycles away and go to work 8 their cars and , in this way, the situation (情形) is made more serious. _9 the best way to make tiding safer and more popular is to create paths (开设通道) only for bicycles, and to make 10 so difficult and expensive for drivers to take their cars into the city that they will go back to using their bicycles.
（ ）1. A. invent B. inventing C. invented D. to invent
（ ）2. A. before B. when C. since D. until
（ ）3. A. much B. quite a lot of C. very. little D. many
（ ）4. A. worm B. countries C. land D. earth
（ ）5. A. lucky B. glad C. sorry D. tired
（ ）6. A. the number of' B. a number of
C. this kind of D. all kinds of
（ ）7. A. safer B. more dangerous
C. much dangerous D. safe
（ ）8. A. by B. in C. use D. drive
（ ）9. A. Hardly B. May be C. Perhaps D. Nearly
（ ）10. A. it B. them C. us D. that
Key:
1 - 5 C D CB D 6 - 10 A B B C A
（A）
Enjoy cooking classes
In British schools teenagers have “food technology (技术), or cooking classes. Perhaps you think this is strange. School is for learning languages and math, isn’t it?
But the idea is that young people should begin to learn some life skills at school. When they leave home they will be able to eat without dining in McDonald’s every day.
I remember when I took cookery classes. My classmates and I were taught how to make meatloaf and other simple dishes. We took the things we needed to cook the meal in class. Then we took the dish home for our families to eat.
Sometimes things went wrong. It’s difficult to carry food around in your school bag. The dish spills (溢出) occasionally, making a real mess. Food on textbooks and homework! And not much left to eat when you get home.
But I think the idea is good. I understood that I needed to learn how to cook. It’s great to be able to make something for your family to enjoy. It makes you want to do it all your life.
根据短文内容，判断以下句子的正(T)误(F)。
1. We feel strange to hear that the British teenagers have cooking classes.
2. It is no use to learn some life skills at school.
3. The students cooked the dishes at school and ate them by themselves.
4. It is difficult for them to take the food home.
5. The writer likes learning how to cook.
（B）
The travel of potatoes
500 years ago, potatoes grew in South America. They were an important food for the people there. In other places of the world, people didn’t know about potatoes.
The Spanish went to South America in the 1500s. They learned of potatoes and took some back to Spain. By 1570, white potatoes were growing in some places of Spain.
From Spain, the potato traveled to France. In France, people were afraid to eat this new vegetable. They thought it was not good for their health. The king of France wanted the French people to eat potatoes. He even gave them to people at his palace. But for many years, the French still didn’t like to eat potatoes.
In 1586, an Englishman Sir Francis was in South America. There he picked up some potatoes and took them back for his animals.
From England, the potato traveled to Ireland (爱尔兰). The potato grew well in Ireland, and soon it became an important food for the people there.
In the early 1700s, Irish people brought the potato to North America. By 1750, many people in North America were growing and eating potatoes.
根据短文内容，判断以下句子的正(T)误 (F)。
1. People in other places of the world knew little about potatoes 500 years ago.
2. The Spanish grew potatoes before 1570.
3. The French didn’t like eating potatoes at first.
4. The potato traveled to Ireland from France.
5. The people in North America have grown potatoes for more than 250 years.
(C)
July 4-the US celebrates its birthday
July is the birthday of the United States of America. Back in 1776, US leaders from different colonies (殖民地) signed the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) from Britain. Since that time, people have celebrated the Independence Day (独立日) today.
What do people do on Independence Day? Many colorful and imaginative things are seen on that day. They have firework shows in the evenings and sing songs. Some families and communities organize picnics with barbecues (烧烤). Kids get to eat delicious snacks like hotdogs.
And these parties are a good time to dress up. Some kids make July 4 hats with the stars and stripes (条纹) of the country’s flag on them. And Independence Day is in summertime. Many use stars and stripes fans to keep themselves cool.
It’s a great day, but no one forgets that it’s serious too. US people are proud of their country and proud of what the founding fathers did for it. On Independence Day everyone gets the chance to show it.
根据短文内容，判断以下句子的正(T)误(F)。
1. The USA was free in 1776.
2. The American people have celebrated the Independence Day today for more than 300 years.
3. They have firework shows in the afternoon and sing songs.
4. Many children use stars and stripes fans to keep themselves cool.
5. Every one is proud of their country.
Key:
A. 1-5 T F F T T
B.1-5 T F T F T
C. 1－5 T F F TT
书面表达。
假设你叫刘鹏，昨天收到了笔友John的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。
One possible version:
Dear John,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It’s difficult for you because it’s quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It’s also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening.
Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I’m sure you’ll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Liu Peng
单元要点透视 全真考题解读（Module 9）
【直击教材】…, and I’m proud of what I’ve learnt.
【真题链接】Carl felt _______ because he won the first prize in the second singing competition.
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
【答案探究】根据句意判断，应是“感到自豪”，所以选B. proud。
【要点拓展】proud 意为“骄傲，自豪”，“对……感到骄傲，自豪”是be proud of，如：We are proud of your success. 我们对你的成功感到自豪。
【直击教材】English is used for government, education and trade.
【真题链接】Safe glasses are used ______ protecting our eyes.
A. by B. for C. to
【答案探究】本题从句意考虑，应是“被用来保护眼睛”，所以选B. for。
【要点拓展】be used for意为“被用来作……”，如：Knives are used for cutting things. 刀子用来切东西。be used as意为“被用作……”，如：English is used as a second language in the country. 在这个国家英语被用作第二语言。be used by被……使用，如：The computer is used by him. 他使用这台电脑。
【直击教材】Until English became important in the 20th century,
【真题链接】―Hurry up. The bus is coming.
―Oh, no. We mustn’t cross the street ______ the traffic lights are green.
A. after B. since C. while D. until
【答案探究】until引导的时间状语从句当主句是一般将来时时，从句应用一般现在时来表示将要发生的动作。在本题中，根据据以判断，应是“直到交通灯变绿时才……”所以本题应选D. until。
【要点拓展】连词until意为“直到…为止”，在肯定句中，until前面主句中的动词应是延续性的，如：I will wait for you until you come back. 在否定句中not…until意为“直到……才……”，这时until前面的动词可以是结束性的动词，如：She didn’t left here until I met her. 直到我见到她，她才离开。
【直击教材】But I wonder if there will soon be more people speaking Chinese.
【真题链接】She asked ______ I would be free the next day or not.
A. if B. which C. that D. whether
【答案探究】在本题中，因为句末有or not，所以只能选D. whether。
【要点拓展】if和whether可以用作连词来引导由一般疑问句充当的宾语从句。一般情况下，两者可以互换，如：Can you tell if/ whether you have read the book? 你能告诉我你是否读过这本书吗？但是当句尾有or not时，只能用whether，构成whether…or not，如：I want to know whether you have had lunch or not. 我想知道你是否吃过了午饭。
【直击教材】More and more schools in Europe are teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【真题链接】The busier he is, the_____ he feels.
A. happily B. happy C. happier D. more happy
【答案探究】根据句子的意义和结构判断，应是构成：The +形容词，the＋形容词，意思是
“越……，越……”，本句的意思是：他越忙，越感到高兴，所以本题选C。
【要点拓展】形容词的比较级除了可以构成基本的句型以外，还有几个常用的用法：比较级＋and＋比较级，如：The days becomes longer and longer in spring. 春天白天变得越来越长。当形容词是多音节词时，用more and more＋形容词，如：more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。The＋比较级，the ＋比较级，如：The more, the better. 越多，越好。
一、不一样的“轻松”：relaxing ；relaxed
【辨析点拨】以上两个词都是形容词，都是由动词relax (使……轻松)变化而来，relaxing意为“令人轻松的”，常用来描述事物，如：Swimming in the river is relaxing. 在河里游泳是轻松的。relaxed意为“不紧张的，轻松的”，常用来描述人的人的内心感受，如：He is relaxed to stay at home. 呆在家里他很轻松。
二、beside；besides
【辨析点拨】上面两个词都可以用作介词，beside表示位置，意为“在……旁边”，如：She is standing beside the window. 她正站在窗户的旁边。besides表示“除……之外，还”，如：I like English besides math. 除了数学我还喜欢英语。beside还可表示“与……相比较”，besides则不可以，如：Beside his father，he looks rather tall.与他的父亲相比，他看起来高多了。
三、point to；point at
【辨析点拨】point用作不及物动词，意为“指，指向”，point后可以接介词at，to，它们表示的含义不同，point at指“指着近处的东西”，如：He pointed at the map on the wall. 他指着墙上的地图。point to指“指着远处的东西”，如：They are pointing to the trees on the hills. 他们指着小山山上的树。当point用作及物动词时，可以构成“point…at…”，意为“用……指着……”，如：The man pointed his gun at the enemy. 这个人用枪指着敌人。
四、in time; on time; at times
【辨析点拨】in time表示“及时地(即还早点，没迟到)”，如：We got to the station in time.我们及时地赶到了火车站。另外，in time还可以用于将来时中，意为“最后，终于”，相当于in the end, 如：He will be back in time. 过一会儿，他将回来。on time表示“准时，按时”，即在规定的时间干某事，如：The plane will take off on time. 飞机将按时起飞。at times表示“有时候”，与sometimes意思相同，如：He plays computer games at home at times. 有时候他在家里玩电脑游戏。
重要词语辨后练
一、用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：
(relaxing ；relaxed)
1. He had a _____ weekend with his parents.
2. It is _____ for the boy to lie on the beach and enjoy the sun.
(beside；besides)
3. Li Ming went there ______ Wang Lei.
4. Don’t walk _____ the river.
(point to；point at)
5. Don’t _______ the boy in the room.
6. Look! The man is _______ the boat in the river.
(in time; on times; at times)
7. You must arrive at school _______ tomorrow.
8. He is late for school ______.
9. We were just ______ for the bus.
二、单句改错，下列句中有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1. I hope to have a relaxed vacation.
A B C D
2. There is a tall tree besides the house.
A B C D
3. He is pointing at the mountains and saying something.
A B C D
4. The students should arrive at school in time.
A B C D
5. He goes to see his grandma at time.
A B C D
三、汉译英。
1. 和你在一起很轻松。
________________________
2. 除了篮球我还喜欢足球。
__________________________
3. 在教室里他正指着黑板。
__________________________
4. 最后你将做出这道数学题。
__________________________
5. 与我相比，他学数学好。
___________________________
Key：
一、1. relaxing 2. relaxed 3. besides 4. beside 5. point at
6. point to 7. on time 8. in times 9. in time
二、1. C. relaxed→ relaxing 2. C. besides → beside
3. A. pointing at → pointing to 4. D. in time → on time
5. D. at time → at times
三、1. It is relaxing to stay with you.
2. I like football besides basketball.
3. He is pointing at the blackboard in the classroom.
4. You will work out the math problem in time.
5. Beside me, he studies better.
复合句讲练
例1. I have no idea. Where has Jim gone? (将两句连成一句)
例2. The teacher asked me ______ I hadn’t done my homework.
A. how B. what C. why D. if
例3. I’ll write to you _____ I get there.
A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since
例4. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
例5.This is the key _____ you are looking for.
A. who B. which C. where D. whom
【Have a try】
1. Did he tell you _______ at the second gate?
A. who he waited for B. who is he waiting
C. who did he wait for D. who he was waiting
2. I didn’t know ____at the meeting yesterday?
A. what to say B. to say what C. why to say D. when to say
3. We will set out as soon as our monitor ______.
A. come B. will come C. comes D. is coming
4. This is the doctor _____ saved the boy’s life.
A. who B. which C. that D. why
5. He told me everything ______ he had seen in the traffic accident.
A. which B. that C. how D. what
Answers: 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B
Module 9重难点讲解
1. I think I’ve achieved a lot, and I’m proud of what I’ve learnt. 我认为我已经取得了巨大的成绩，我以我所学到的感到自豪。
【讲解】1) achieve 意为“完成；取得，达到”，如：He achieved good marks in the final exams. 在期末考试中他取得了好成绩。achieve的名词形式是achievement“成就，成绩”，如：We owe our achievement to our teachers’ help. 我们把我们的成就归功于老师的帮助。
2)be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，如：We are proud of Liu Xiang. 我们为刘翔感到自豪。
3) what I’ve learnt是宾语从句，意为“我们所学到的”，如：Do you know what you have learnt during this period？你们知道这节课学到了什么吗？
2. But it’s good to meet other people who want to learn English, no matter how good their English is. 但是能遇见其他想学英语的人是很好的，无论他们的英语多么好。
【讲解】1) who want to learn English是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people，另外，who在定语从句中用作主语，如：Do you know the person who comes from America？ 你认识那个来自于美国的那个人吗？
2) no matter用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不管”，其引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来，如：No matter where you go, you will find Coca-cola. 不管你走到哪里，都会看到可口可乐。
3. It’s the most important foreign language that children will learn at school, because it’s essential for tourism. 它是学生们在学校里所学的最重要的语言，因为它对旅游业是不可缺少的。
【讲解】1) that引导的是定语从句，其修饰的先行词是language，因为language被最高级修饰，所以关系代词只可以用that，而不可以用which，如：Dick is the cleverest student that I have ever known. Dick是我认识的学生中最聪明的一个。
2) essential是形容词，意为“必要的，不可缺少的”，如：The English-Chinese dictionary is essential for us. 对我们来说，英汉词典是不可缺少的。
4. More and more schools in Europe are teaching Chinese as a foreign language, in place of other European languages. 欧洲的越来越多的学校正把汉语作为一门外语来教，代替其他的欧洲语言。
【讲解】1) more and more是比较级的连用，意为“越来越”，如：The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 这个女孩变得越来越漂亮。
2) in place of 意为“代替”，如：Mr. Wang did the work, in place of Mr. Zhang. 王先生代替张先生做了这项工作。
Module 9 English for you and me
Unit 1 I’m proud of what I’ve learnt.
Teaching style:
Listening and speaking.
Teaching objectives:
1. To learn and understand the important words and phrases.
2. To understand the conversation.
3. To say the importance of learning English.
Teaching points:
1. Main points:
1) Key vocabulary: ---achieve, handwriting, however, wherever, tourism, quarter, importance, in place of, speaker…
2) Key structures: ---It’s the subject that I’m best at, although my handwriting could be better.
It’s the most important foreign language that children will learn at school,…
2. Difficult points: the usage of the passive voice.
Teaching method:
PWP
Teaching aids:
Tape recorder, video, OHP, etc.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Greetings
Check the homework.
Step 2. Presentation
1. Work in pairs and look at the photo. Then answer the questions.
1) What are the people doing?
2) Where are they?
3) Have you ever been to a meeting like this?
2. Play the tape. Make the students listen and answer the questions. Use the words and expressions to help. After listening the tape, answer some questions.
1) How is Tony’s dad’s Chinese?
2) Why has it got better?
3) What does he need to improve?
4) What do you need to do be good at Chinese?
5) How difficult does he think Chinese is?
6) What does he think of Tony’s Chinese?
Step 3. Listen and read
Let the students read the dialogue by themselves. Ask them to understand the general meaning of the dialogue. Underline the phases or sentences that they don’t understand.
Listen to the tape for the first time. Then fill in the blanks. Check who might think the following. After they finish the form, check the answers with the students.
Then listen to the tape again and complete the sentences in your own words.
The teacher should ask some students to stand up to say their answers.
Next answer some questions about yourself.
1) How much have you achieved this year in English?
Have you made much progress?
2) Do you have any difficulties with your handwriting?
3) How much do you practise your English every week?
4) Do you think English needs a lot of effort or is it a simple language to learn?
5) Do you think your spoken English has reached Level Five?
Step 4. Pronunciation
Look at the stressed words in this passage from the conversation. Try to remember every word of what the speaker says.
Then let the students read the passage aloud. Make sure they stress the correct words.
Step 5. Speaking
Work in pairs. Talk about the students’ progress in English vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Step 6. Do some exercises
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子
1. We made great ______(成绩) in the maths competition.
2. He ________ (以……为自豪) his father.
3. This is the boy_________ (他想认识你).
4. ________ (无论) how hard what you do, you will get help from us.
5. The safe belt is ______ (必要的) for the drivers.
二、单项选择
1. _____ progress in English do you think you have made this year?
A. How many B. How much C. What D. How
2. －Have you ever _______ an English corner?
－Yes, I have.
A. been to B. been in C. gone to D. arrived
3. _______ how busy you are, don’t forget to practice your spoken English?
A. If B. Until C. No matter D. As soon as
4. _____ I go, I will always remember you.
A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However
5. China is a country _______ products are used all over the world.
A. that B. what C. which D. whose
Key:
一、1. achievement 2. is proud of 3. who wants to know you
4. No matter 5. essential
二、1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D
Unit 2 English for you and me
Teaching style:
Reading and writing
Teaching objectives:
1. To get information from the reading material and do the exercise.
2. To know the history of English.
Teaching points:
1. Main points:
1) Key vocabulary: own; everyday, tourism, quarter, recent.
2) Key structures: ---Until English became important in the 20th century, people
who had any education spoke French.
The UK was a country whose industrial products were sold
all over the world.
2. Difficult points: The usage of the grammar.
Teaching method: PWP approach.
Teaching aids: tape recorder, handout
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Revise the words and the phrases in unit 1.
Explain the exercises to the students.
Step 2. Pre-read
Ask some questions about English:
1. Is English used widely in the world?
2. Do you know the history of English?
Step 3. Reading
1) Let the students look at the photos and talk about them.
Say A. Where they are B. What languages you can see
2) Ask the students to read the passage by themselves and try to understand the main ideas of the passage.
Try to answer the questions about the passage.
How many people in the world speak English?
When did English become an international language?
Why did English become so popular?
When will Chinese become an international language?
Who owns English?
First let the students say their answers then the teacher check them.
3) Listen to the tape of the passage to understand the passage better.
4) Explain the main sentences and phrases of the passage.
be used for, all over the world, either…or, in place of, even though，belong to
Get the students to make sentences with the phrases.
Step 4. Writing
Write a composition called: The future of Chinese.
The composition should include the following points.
How many people speak Chinese at home in China? (800 million)
Where do people outside China speak Chinese? (Singapore, Malaysia, Chinese communities all over the world)
Who is learning Chinese elsewhere in the world? (Schoolchildren in the UK and the USA)
After writing the composition, let some students read their compositions.
Step 5. Practice
一、单句改错
1. This is the man to who I wrote a letter.
A B C D
2. No matter where I go, I tell you.
A B C D
3. This is the tallest tree which I have seen.
A B C D
4. The school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.
A B C D
5. I want to finish the project，in the place of Tom.
A B C D
二、汉译英
1. 我喜欢打篮球，然而我更喜欢踢足球。
___________________________________
2.现在他用钢笔，代替了铅笔。
____________________________
3. 在我们班某些学生不喜欢数学。
___________________________
4. 这台电脑属于我。
______________________
5. 他将在所有的科目上取得大的进步。
_________________________________
Teaching points:
1. Main points
1) Key vocabulary: --- handwriting, wherever, tourism, quarter, importance, period, express
2) Key structures: --- Even though there are differences, we all belong to the international English speaking world.
2. Difficult points: The important sentences and the grammar.
Teaching method: Formal and interactive practice
Teaching aids: tape recorder, OHP, handouts
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Revise the vocabulary in Unit 1 and 2.
Revise the useful structures.
Step 2. Presentation
Ask the students to read the important sentences in this module.
Explain the structures of the sentences. Let the students take notes.
Step 3. Join the sentences with the words in the box, using the words: although,
because, that, when, which, who.
Ask the students to join the words.
Check the answers.
Step 4. Complete the sentences and give advice
Ask the students to complete the sentences then say their advice.
Step 5. Reading
1. Make students read the passage and understand the development of English.
2. Read the passage again and choose the questions. Teacher has a check.
Step 6. Around the world
Make students read the passage to know Invented languages.
Step 7. Writing
Make a list of tips for learning English.
Do some exercises:
一、单项选择
1. Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles again and we _________ him.
A. are interested in B. are proud of C. are angry with D. are mad at
2. The boy is ________ to go to school.
A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. old enough
3. The knife is used ______ cutting things.
A. as B. by C. for D. with
4. English is the most important foreign language ______ children will learn at school.
A. what B. why C. that D. if
5. You should learn English well. Because it is ______ for tourism.
A. interesting B. essential C. difficult D. boring
6. Chinese will become as common as English _____ the middle of the 21st century.
A. by B. on C. for D. with
7. The UK was a country _____ industrial products ______ all over the world.
A. that, were sold B. whose; sold C. whose, were sold D. that, sold
8. All he needs is ______ a few minutes on his handwriting.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
9. The park is _____ beautiful a place that _____ many people come to visit it every
day.
A. so, such B. such, so C. such, such D. so, so
10. Please show me the watch that you want _______.
A. it repaired B. to have repaired
C. to have it repaired D. to repair it
二、句型转换
1. Although I have tried my best, I failed in the exam. (变为同义句)
I have tired my best, ______ I filed in the exam.
2. They speak English as a second language. (变为被动语态)
English ______ ______as a second language.
3. His bike is new. My bike is newer. (合并为一句)
My bike is _____ _____ _____.
4. They are going to have an English party this evening. (就划线部分提问)
_____ are they going to _____ this evening?
5. The whole family are staying in Beijing for five days. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ are the whole family staying in Shanghai？
Key:
一、1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
二、1. but 2. is spoken 3. newer than his 4. What, do 5. How long
课件32张PPT。九年级下册Module 9
English for you and meUnit 1
I’m proud what I’ve learnt.Teaching points:1. Main points:
1) Key vocabulary: achieve, handwriting, however, wherever, tourism, quarter, importance, in place of, speaker…
2) Key structures:
It’s the subject that I’m best at, although my handwriting could be better.
It’s the most important foreign language that children will learn at school,…
2. Difficult points: the usage of the passive voice.Vocabulary bright adj. 聪明地
level n. 水平
certain adv. 某些，一些
however adv. 不管多么
fairly adv. 相当地
no matter 无论……
whenever conj. 无论在哪里Vocabulary and listening 1. What are people doing?
2. Where are they?
3. Have you ever been a meeting like this?
They are talking each other.At an English corner.Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.1 Look at the picture and answer the questions. Listen and read. Betty: How much progress in English do you think you’ve made this year, Lingling?
Lingling: Not bad. In fact, I think I’ve achieved a lot, and I’m proud of what I’ve learnt. I’ve reached a level which is quite good—and I hope it’s good enough for the exams, anyway. Above all, it’s the subject that I’m best at, although my handwriting could be better.
Betty: I think you’ve done really well. Learning a foreign language requires a certain effort, however easy it is.P1Lingling: I don’t think it’s really difficult to learn English, although it’s a language which looks simpler than it actually is. I just hope I can continue to make progress next year.
Betty: Have you ever been to an English corner?
Lingling: You mean, those clubs where you go to practise your English? I always thought they were for people whose English was already quite good.P2Betty: Well, I went to an English corner once, and there were some people whose level was fairly low. But it’s good to meet other people who want to learn English, not matter how good their English is. And you can often meet some people who come from the UK or the USA.
Lingling: Anyway, what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world.
Betty: But I wonder if there will soon be more people speaking Chinese.P3Check who might think the following: 1. English is the language which
2. You can speak English wherever
3. You have to make an effort even if
looks simpler than it actually is. you go in the world. it is very easy. Complete the sentences in your own words 4. It’s good to meet other speakers of English, although
5. At the English corner you may meet some people whose
6. In a few years’ time, there may be more people who
level is fairly low. speak Chinese. their English are poor. Answer the questions:Pronunciation and speakingLook at the stressed words in this passage from the conversation. Try to remember every word of what the speaker says.Say this passage aloud. Make sure you stress the correct words. Work in pairs and talk about your progress in English vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading and writing.-- Do you think you’ve made any progress in English this year? -- Yes, I do. I’ve learnt a lot of new words, although … Language
points 1. I think I’ve achieved a lot, and I’m proud of what I’ve learnt. 我认为我已经取得了巨大的成绩，我以我所学到的感到自豪。
achieve 意为“完成；取得，达到”，如：
He achieved good marks in the final exams.
在期末考试中他取得了好成绩。
achieve的名词形式是achievement“成就，成
绩”，如：
We owe our achievement to our teachers’ help.
我们把我们的成就归功于老师的帮助。 2) be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，如：We are proud of Liu Xiang.
我们为刘翔感到自豪。
3) what I’ve learnt是宾语从句，意为“我们所学到的”，如：
Do you know what you have learnt during this
period？你们知道这节课学到了什么吗？2. Above all, it’s the subject that I’m best at, although my handwriting could be better.尤其是，尽管我的书法可能更好些，但是英语是我最擅长的科目。
该句是一个多重复合句。
1) although也能到的是让步状语从句。如：
No matter how difficult the problem may be,
we will work it out. 无论这道题有多难，我们都能把它解出来。
2) 该句的主句含有that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the subject。3. I always thought they were for people whose English was already quite good. 我原来一直认为这些俱乐部是为那些英语好的人开办的。
句中thought表示“原以为；原认为……”，但事迹并非如此，带有一定虚拟语气特点，从句用相应过去时态。如：
I thought the film wasn’t good — the actors were not handsome. 我原以为这个电影不会好看——演员一点都不帅。4. But it’s good to meet other people who want to learn English, no matter how good their English is. 但是能遇见其他想学英语的人是很好的，无论他们的英语多么好。
1) who want to learn English是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people，另外，who在定语从句中用作主语，如：
Do you know the person who comes from America？
你认识那个来自于美国的那个人吗？
2) no matter用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不管”，其引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来，如：
No matter where you go, you will find Coca-cola.
不管你走到哪里，都会看到可口可乐。 Exercises1. Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles again and we _________ him.
are interested in B. are proud of
C. are angry with D. are mad at
2. The boy is ________ to go to school.
old enough B. enough old
C. young enough D. old enough BAI. 单项选择3. The knife is used ______ cutting things.
A. as B. by C. for D. with
4. English is the most important foreign language ______ children will learn at school.
A. what B. why C. that D. if
5. You should learn English well. Because it is ______ for tourism.
A. interesting B. essential
C. difficult D. boring CBC1. We made great _____________(成绩) in the maths competition.
2. He ________________ (以……为自豪) his father.
3. This is the boy______________________ (他想认识你).
4. ___________________ (无论) how hard what you do, you will get help from us.
5. The safe belt is ___________ (必要的) for
the drivers. achievement is proud of who wants to know you No matter essentialII. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子HomeworkWrite a paragraph about your progress in English vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading and writing.课件37张PPT。九年级下册Unit 2
We all own English. Module 9
English for you and meTeaching points:1. Main points:
1) Key vocabulary: own; everyday, tourism, quarter, recent.
2) Key structures:
Until English became important in the 20th century, people who had any education spoke French.
The UK was a country whose industrial products were sold all over the world.
2. Difficult points: The usage of the grammar.Vocabulary own v. 拥有
everyday adj. 每天的；日常的
essential adj. 极其重要的 recent adj. 近来的
importance adj. 重要性
in place of 代替Reading Work in pairs. Talk about the photos. Say:▲ Where they are ▲ What languages you can seeWho owns English?
English is spoken by about 400 million people in Australia, Britain, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. In Ghana, India, Nigeria and Singapore, English is used for government, education and trade, although there are many other languages for everyday use. In China and most other countries, it’s the most important foreign language that children will learn at school, because it’s essential for tourism, international business, entertainment, radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet. So English is now used by about 1.5 billion people-or a quarter of the world’s population, and wherever you go in the world, there is a good chance that someone will speak English. How did this happen? English has not always been the most common language. Until English became important in the 20th century, people who had any education spoke French, What’s more. English spelling doesn’t give much help with pronunciation, and its grammar is difficult, especially the word order. The reason is that in the 18th century, the UK was a country whose industrial products were sold all over the world. In the 20th century, the USA spread English all over the world through newspapers, television, films and advertising. It’s now the common language for international travel, science, industry and in recent years, information technology and the Internet. But it’s also important to remember that English has borrowed many words from other languages, either exactly the same word or very similar. It uses restaurant from French, zero from Arabic, piano form Italian, and typhoon, china and may others words from Chinese. Will the importance of English last? Many people think that, if China continues to grow in importance, Chinese will become as common as English by the middle of the 21st century. More and more schools in Europe are teaching Chinese as a foreign language, in place of other European languages. And tourism puts China into the top 10 countries for visitors. But at least for the next 20 or 30 years, English will be the language used most widely. So who owns English? The answer is everyone who speaks it-the English, the Indians and the Chinese all help make it a rich language it changes every year with new words and expressions. Even though there are differences in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling, we all belong to the international English speaking world. We all own English.How many people in the world speak English?
2. When did English become an international language?
3.Why did English become so popular?
4. When will Chinese become an international language?
5. Who owns English?
About 1.5 billion people.In the 20th century. Because of the development of the UK and the USA.Work in pairs. Answer the questions.In the middle of the 21st century.Everyone who speak it.Work in pairs. Answer the questions.1. What do you want to use English for?
2. Do you know any Chinese words from English? Give some examples.
3. Do you agree that Chinese will one day replace English?Choose the best answer:cdbc Language
points 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句2. 不可省略的连词：
(1) 介词后的连词
引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。1. 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：
that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why定语从句一、什么是定语从句？
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。 二、关系词有哪些？
1、关系代词：
which（指sth），that（指sb或sth），who（指sb作主语或宾语），
whom（指sb作宾语），
whose（指sb或sth，作定语）
2、关系副词：
when（指时间），
where（指地点），
why（指原因Exercises1. ____ I want to know is ____ it is worth doing.
A. What; that B. What; whether
C. That; why D. That; what
2. She asked ____.
A. what I was doing when she rang me up
B. What was I doing when she rang me up
C. When she rang me up what was I doing
D. When did she ring me up what I was doing
3. This is ____ the river has been polluted.
A. what B. why
C. that D. whetherBABI. 单项选择4. I don’t know ____ he lives.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
5. I found nothing wrong in what he ____.
A. says B. has said
C. said D. saying
6. Ask her ____ she can came to see us off.
A. that B. whether
C. which D. what
7. She looked ____ she were ten years younger.
A. as B. like
C. that D. as thoughBCBD1. This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with us tomorrow.
2. Who’s the student __________ the teacher is talking with?
3. I like the present __________ you’ve sent to me.
4. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.
5. This is the most difficult job __________ we’ve
ever done. who / thatthatwhich / thatwhom / thatthatII. 选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。1. 我喜欢打篮球，然而我更喜欢踢足球。
___________________________________
2. 他将在所有的科目上取得大的进步。
____________________________________
3. 我知道友谊的重要性。
____________________________________I like playing basketball, however I like playing football better. He will make good progress in all his subjects. I know the importance of friendship. III. 根据汉语意思完成句子。1. He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
2. Do you know the doctor? He comes here once a month and examines the workers.
He is the young writer who wrote the book. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers? IV. 将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。3. The foreign guest is Mr. Green. You saw him at the school gate．
4．He is the new head. I was talking about him this morning.
The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr. Green. He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning. HomeworkFinish Activity 5. Write the composition called:
The future of Chinese课件29张PPT。九年级下册Module 9
English for you and meUnit 3
Language in use Teaching points:1. Main points
1) Key vocabulary: --- handwriting, wherever, tourism, quarter, importance, period, express
2) Key structures: --- Even though there are differences, we all belong to the international English speaking world.
2. Difficult points: The important sentences and the grammar.Vocabulary speaker n. 说某种语言的敌人;
发言人；演讲者
period n. 阶段；时期
express v. 表示；表达It’s the subject that I’m best at, although my handwriting could be better.
It’s the most important foreign language that children will learn at school, because it’s essential for tourism …
Until English became important in the 20th century, people who had any education spoke French.
The UK was a country whose industrial products were sold all over the world.
But it’s also important to remember that English has borrowed many words.
Even though there are differences, we all belong to the international speaking world.Language practice1. English borrowed many French words. The French because the rulers of Britain in 1066.
2. French was the language of Britain after 1066.
People still spoke English in their homes.
although because that when which whoEnglish borrowed many French words when the French because the rulers of Britain in 1066.Although French was the language of Britain after 1066, people still spoke English in their homes.1 Join the sentences with the word in the box.3. Many words connected with mathematics
and chemistry came from Arabic. There was
a great knowledge of math and chemistry in Arabic countries.
4. The Europeans borrowed many words from the local people. The people were already living in America.
5. People don’t realize. Language borrow words from each other all the time.
Many words connected with mathematics and chemistry came from Arabic because there was a great knowledge of math and chemistry in Arabic countries.The Europeans borrowed many words from the local people who were already living in America.People don’t realize that language borrow words from each other all the time.2 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you.1. Lao She is the author who …
2. I enjoy / don’t enjoy learning English, although …
3. I often / never speak English outside school because …
4. If you want to improve your spoken English, you …
5. I started learning English when …4 Work in pairs. Read the reports and discuss the questions.5 Complete the sentences and give advice.6 Read the passage and choose the correct answer.dabc Language
points 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever
引导。如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正
如…“，”就像“，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的“，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前
面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是
说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。（so foolish such a fool） so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。如：
If he leaves the vegetables with the goat, the goat will eat them. 让步状语从句
连词主要有though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。如：
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may
remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。ExercisesI. 填入适当的连词完成句子。
1. The teacher didn't leave ______ twelve o'clock.
2. You will be late _____ you leave immediately.
3. Go and get your coat. It's ______ you left it.
4. ______ the day went on，the weather got worse.
5. ________ she is young，she knows quite a lot. 语法跟踪练习（状语从句） until unlesswhere As AlthoughII. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子
1. We made great ______________ (成绩) in the maths competition.
2. He ___________ (以……为自豪) his father.
3. This is the boy______________________
(他想认识你).
4. __________ (无论) how hard what you do, you will get help from us.
5. The safe belt is _________ (必要的) for the drivers. achievementis proud ofwho wants to know youNo matteressentialIII. 单句改错
1. This is the man to who I wrote a letter.
A B C D
2. No matter where I go, I tell you.
A B C D
3. This is the tallest tree which I have seen.
A B C D
4. The school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.
A B C D
5. I want to finish the project, in the place of Tom.
A B C Dto whomwill tellthatmorein place ofHomeworkFinish the workbook of this unit from page 128 to 131. Interesting facts about English numbers
There are a lot of numbers in English. The following are some interesting facts about them.
1. Eight is the first number in alphabetical order (字母表顺序). Zero is the last.
2. Forty is the only number whose letters are in alphabetical order. One is the only number whose letters are in opposite alphabetical order. “First” also has its letters in alphabetical order.
3. “Eleven plus (加) two” and “twelve plus one” use the same letters and make the same sum (总和).
4. Zero is the first number that contains (包含) an e, an o and an r. it is also the first and only number that contains a z.
5. One is the first number that contains an n.
6. Two is the first number that contains a t and a w.
7. Three is the first number that contains an h.
8. Four is the first number that contains an f and a u.
9. Five is the first number that contains an i and a v.
10. Six is the first number that contains an s and an x.
11. Seven is the first number that doesn’t contain any letter for the first time.
12. Eight is the first number that contains a y.
13. Eleven is the first number that contains an l.
14. Twenty is the first number that contains a y.
15. One hundred is the first number that contains a d.
16. One million is the first number that contains an m.
17. One billion is the first number that contains a b.
18. The letters j and k aren’t seen in any cardinal number (基数).
Here are some ways we like to say Hello
“HELLO,” “Yo!,” “How’s it going, mate?” “Good moming, sir”,reeting people in any culture is important. And in the UK we usually greet different people in different ways.
If you are greeting someone older than you, it’s polite to use their surname to show respect. For example, we might say, “Hello, Mr Green”. But if we are meeting friends we use “Hi, mate” and “Alright, buddy”. For girls it is common to use compliments(赞美) like “Hello, my lovely” or “Hi, gorgeous(美人)” when meeting friends.
Each greeting shows what kind of relationship there is between two people. We feel uncomfortable if someone greets us with “mate” or “buddy” if they are not our friend. We like to use slang(俚语) words that our friends understand like “Yo” (Hello) or “Howdi” (How do you do?).This makes your friendship stronger through a common understanding.
Another common way for men to say “Hello” or “goodbye” is to shake hands.
Good friends sometimes change a handshake to a “high five”. This is informal (非正式的)and shows you are close friends. Some good friends have their own handshake that others do not know. This shows that they are very good friends. It is something only they share.
Historical Background of British and American English
The history of the English language is divided into three periods: The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English. It is described as the period of full inflections(词尾变化), since during most of this period the case ending of the noun, the adjective and the conjugation(结合) of the verb were not weakened. Old English was a highly inflected language. It had a complete system of declensions(变格) with four case and conjugations. So Old English grammar differs from Modern English grammar in these aspects(方面).
The period from 1150 is known as the Middle English period. It is know as the period inflections. This period was marked by important changes in the English language. The Norman Conquest was the cause of these changes. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In this period many Old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. In the Middle English period grammatical gender(性) disappeared, grammatical gender was completely replaced by the natural gender.
Modern English period extends from 1500 to the present day. The Early modern English period extends from 1500 to 1700. The chief influence of this time was great humanistic(人文主义的) movement of the Renaissance. The influence of Latin and Greek on English was great. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion(扩张) for the English vocabulary in the history of the English language.
The development of the English language in America can be separated into three periods: The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial times. In this period the population in America numbered about four million people, 90 of percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies. This time may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860. This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants(移民) from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrants came. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.
As time went on, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. The Americans adopted(接纳) many words from foreign languages and invented large number of new words to meet their various needs.
American English began in the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North American by colonists from English. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain, but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes, the English spoken in American changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
Following American independence, famous persons like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. English in America has developed a character(特点) of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.
英语的历史演变
“英语”原意“地角语言”。5世纪中叶（中国南北朝时期），欧洲大陆一个部落叫做“地角人”（Engle），从石勒苏益格（Schleswig，现在德国北部）渡海移居不列颠（Britain）。他们的“地角语”（Englisc，古拼法）代替了当地的凯尔特语（Celtic）。于是地区称为“英格兰”，语言称为“英语”（English，现代拼法）。
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1066年（北宋中朝），说法语的诺曼底人（Norman）侵入英国，此后二百年间英格兰以法语为官方语言。后来，1350--1380年间，英语开始用作学校语言和法庭语言。1399年（明朝迁都北京之前），英格兰人亨利第四当上了英王，此后英语的伦敦方言成为文学语言。
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英语在5--6世纪时候，用原始的“鲁纳”（runa）字母书写。7世纪的时候（中国唐代前期），基督教从爱尔兰传入英格兰，英语开始拉丁化。拉丁字母跟英语的关系，好比汉字跟日语的关系。英语的拉丁化是很晚的，到中国唐代的时候才初步定形。
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英语不是先有拼写规则然后拼写的，而是在随意拼写中逐渐约定成俗的。拼法不规则的原因主要有：1. 字母少而音素多，造成一音多拼；2. 语音变而拼法不变，遗留古文痕迹；3. 强调拼法反映希腊和拉丁的词源，人为地造成言文不一致现象。4. 部分词语采用法文拼法。5. 不断借入外来词，拼写法变得非常庞杂；6.? 15世纪（明代中叶），英语发生语音的重大变化。刚刚写定的文字无法系统地改变，混乱的写法流传下来成为今天拼写定形的基础。
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英语虽然拼法不规则，但是同一个语词有一定的拼法和读音，例外只是少数。语法比其他欧洲语言简单。英语从四面八方吸收有用的外来词，江河不择细流，成为词汇最丰富的语言。它用26个现代拉丁字母而不加符号，方便打字和电脑处理。
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英语相较其他欧洲语言另外一个不同之处是，现代英语中的每一个名词的性都是由意思决定的，而不需要阳性、阴性或中性冠词。比如，法语中，月亮是“la lune”（阴性），而太阳却并无任何明显的理由，成了“le soleil”（阳性）。更糟糕的是，在日耳曼语系的语言中，又多了一个中性。德语中，月亮是“der Mond”（阳性），太阳是“die Sonne”（阴性），而儿童、女孩和妇女全都是中性。英语没有那么复杂，所以这也是英语能够流行的一个原因英语的发展真是奇妙，公元450年，盎格鲁-撒克逊人第一次漂洋过海，来到从前属于罗马人的布列塔尼亚省，那时英语成为一门世界语言的可能性是百万分之一。英语在当时只不过是日尔曼语系中一门不见经传的分支语言，甚至都不是不列颠群岛土生土长的语言。然而，历史的发展总是出人意料，这门产生于侵略本身的语言，如今却成了一门进行全球侵略的语言。
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两次世界大战，从英国殖民地独立成为现代大国的美国，不仅在军事上取得胜利，并且在战后开创了信息化的新时代。英语的流通扩大，美国是最主要的推动力量。美国两次参战得胜，靠的是科技。今天美国是新科技的发源地，新术语的输出国。
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英语已经成了事实上的国际共同语。这个国际共同语不是投票选出来，而是由历史逐步形成的。大英帝国是历史上最大的帝国，美国是现代最强的科技国家，这就是决定英语成为事实上的国际共同语的条件。
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英语没有阶级性，也没有国籍。谁利用英语，谁就得益；谁不利用英语，谁就吃亏。每一个国家都在不由自主地实行双语言政策：一方面用本国共同语继承传统文化，一方面用事实上的国际共同语英语，发展科技和经济，进入信息化的新时代！
