(共88张PPT)
Period 2
Important sentences
记忆有方
课文句型背诵
1．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
似乎是世界末日到了！
2．Thousands of families were killed and many
children were left without parents.
成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。
3．Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了.
4．All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
5. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges , all of
whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
有5个评委听了你的演讲，他们都觉得你的演讲是
今年最好的。
课文句型背诵
6．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
7．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
接着在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山市。
8．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
但是城里的百万群众没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样安然入睡了。
学习有道
warming up
1 What do you think will happen before an earthquake
你认为地震之前将会有什么事情发生呢？
疑问词 ＋ do you think/suppose/guess＋陈述语序
【句式点拨】
该结构被称作混合疑问句，其中的do you think/suppose/guess是插入语。该结构中插入语后的句子应使用陈述语序。
(1)____________________ has taken my umbrella
你认为是谁拿了我的雨伞？
(2)When do you think ________________________ ？
你认为我们何时应该制定计划？
Who do you think
we should make our plan
2. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26) 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食物。
1) Both Wang Wei and Wang Kun were too tired to walk any more.
2) The earth will become too hot for us to live on.
3) The work was too hard for him to do.
In my opinion, the real problem with most students lies in the fact that they are too shy to speak English in public.
We are never too old to learn.
句型： too ... to ... 太…而不能…，表示否定意义。
【归纳总结】
关于too...to...句式的用法：
（1）too...to...太……以致于不……
（2）too...to...与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too...to...,意为“并不太…所以能…”。 It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，未为晚也。
[注意] 在下面两种情况下too ... to ...表示肯定意义：
①当too后面接anxious, eager, ready等形容词时。如：
Jenny is too ready to speak. 詹妮话太多了。
I am too anxious to know the test result. 我太想知道考试结果了！
②当too前面有用于加强语气的only, all, but, far, much等时。如：
I am only too glad to meet you. 见到你真是太高兴了。
You know but too well to hold your tongue.
你深知保持沉默的好处。
She is much too happy to help us. 她很高兴，能帮我们做事。
(1)The box was (太
重了，我搬不动).
(2)I’m
(太累了，什么也想不起来) now.
(3)I am
(想作一次环球旅行).
(4)The box is too heavy for me to lift.
（这个箱子太重了，我提不动它。）
Never too late to learn.
I’m too glad to help you.
It’s never too careful for you to cross the road.
too heavy for me to lift
too tired to think of anything
too eager to travel around the world
3. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
[考点] 定语从句中引导词who的用法。
[考例] Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. (北京 2006)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who
C. who; who D. 不填;不填
think little of 轻视；看不起；不重视；认为…没价值
She thought little of my work.她看不起我的工作。
He thought little of my suggestion.他不重视我的建议。
【思维拓展】
think a lot/much/highly of... 对……评价高
think not much/poorly/little of 对……评价不高
think better of sb. 对某人有较高的评价
think nothing of it 别在意；没什么；别客气
think nothing of sth./doing sth. 不把……当回事
think twice about sth./doing sth. 三思而后行
think aloud 自言自语
think for yourself 独立思考
think of... as... 把……看做……
think about 考虑
think of 考虑；想出；建议 think up 想出；设计出
The popular song ________ by most young people.
A．is well thought of B．is thought high of
C．thinks well of D．is poorly thought of
[解析]think well of sb.的被动形式为 be well thought of，意为“高度评价”。
[答案]A
4. It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！(L9，P26)
说明：其中as if 可用as though替代；也可说It seems that... It seems/seemed as if/though...似乎，好像……(as if/though从句表示的情况接近事实，从句用陈述语气。反之，如果从句表示的情况与事实相反，或者是不可能发生，从句用虚拟语气)
句型：It seems as if... 似乎，好像
It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.
我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生的一样。
【归纳拓展】
It seems (to sb.) that...(对某人来说)似乎……
sb.seems to be doing/ to have done 某人好像正在做/已经做了某事
seem like＋n....似乎……；好像……
seem (＋to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……
There seems to be...好像有……
It seems so.(＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。
It seems that American fast food is the most popular in the world.
＝American fast food seems (to be) the most popular in the world.
看来美国的快餐是世界上最受欢迎的。
【归纳拓展】
(1)seem 的否定式有两种：
He doesn't seem to be ill.＝He seems not to be ill.
他看起来没生病。
(2)seem，look 与 appear
seem暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际情况的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。
look着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与like连用，但不能与不定式连用。
appear强调外表给人的印象，而结果往往并非如此。
①I seem ________ him somewhere before.
A．to have seen B．to be seeing
C．seeing D．having seen
【解析】 句意为：以前我好像在什么地方见过他。此题考查sb./sth.seems to do中的不定式的完成时。
【答案】 A
⑴ 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。
______________________________except me.
⑵ 好像他从没有离开过。
_____________________________________.
⑶ 好像这个问题没有解决的办法。
_______________________no solution to this problem.
仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。
It seems as if there is
It seems as if everybody knew it
It seemed that he had never been away
A
5. Two-thirds of the people died or were _______ during the earthquake.
injured
More than 61% of the surface of the earth ____ covered by water.
Seventy percent of the workers in this factory ____ young.
以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数还是不可数的。
is
are
请根据提示完成下列句子。
1). ________ (三分之一) of the students in our class ______ (be) girls.
2). _________ (五分之三) of the soil __________ (wash) away by the flood last night.
3). ______ (一半) of the desks in this school ________ (make) in his company.
4). ______ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday ______ (be) interesting.
One-third
are
Three-fifths
was washed
Half
are made
Most
was
5). _________________ (数万) people _____________ (dance) in the big square now.
6). There were ____________ (一万) students taking part in the exam yesterday.
7). _________________ (百分之九十) of the mountain __________ (cover) by trees.
is covered
Tens of thousands of
are dancing
ten thousand
90% / 90 percent
6. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许许多多的孩子变成孤儿。
说明： leave在此句式中作使役动词用，既有“剩下，留下”之意，也表示“使……处于某状态中”。在leave的复合结构中很多词、短语等都能充当宾语补足语。
1)The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn’t taste delicious.
大部分的菜客人们没有动，因为它们不可口。
2) We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。
句型： leave＋宾语＋宾补
【归纳拓展】
①leave sb.to do委托某人去做……
②leave sth./doing sth.to sb.把……委托某人
③leave sth.＋adj.使……处于某种状态
④leave sth.done使……被做
⑤leave sb.doing使某人一直在做……
⑥leave sth.＋介词短语 把……忘在某处
完成句子
①他的话使我们谈论了一整天。
His words all the day.
②你可以让我去处理这事。
You can the matter.
left us talking
leave me to deal with
She left me to take care of her baby.
她托我照顾她的婴儿。
Always leave things where you can find them again.
把东西放到您能找到的地方。
Your answer leaves much to be desired.
您的答案很不完善。
I've left behind my hat on the chair.
我把帽子忘在椅子上了。
Most of us do read a lot in English, but our speaking and writing skills leave much ________.
A．to improve B．to be improved
C．improved D．improved
[解析]our speaking and writing skills leave much to be improved 我们的说写能力有待于极大提高。
[答案]B
7. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(L18，P26)
句型：Everywhere... 无论哪里……，都……
说明： everywhere 用作连词，等于wherever, no matter where，引起让步状语从句。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.
无论我去哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。
You see it everywhere you look.
无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。
⑴ 无论他走到哪儿，他的狗就跟到哪儿。
____________________，his dog follows him.
⑵ 他们不论出现在哪儿，都会遇到强烈的抗议。
_____________________________，they would meet with strong protests.
仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。
Everywhere they appeared
Everywhere he goes
8.Then,later that afternoon ,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次强度几乎和第一次一样的地震在唐山爆发了。
句型： as +形容词/副词（原级） as
说明：在“as...as”结构中，两个as的词性不一样，第一个as是副词，所以后面跟的是形容词或副词的原级，第二个as是连词，所以后面常跟名
词、代词或从句。其否定形式为not as/so...as,意为“不如……”。
He doesn’t speak English as/so fluently asyou.
他的英语说得不如你流利。
I got up as early as my father did this morning.
今天早上我和父亲起得一样早。
【温馨提示】
as...as用来表示倍数的结构为“A is...times
as...as B”，意为“A是B的几倍……”。
This playground is three times as big as that one.
这个操场是那个操场的三倍大。
（1）It is reported that the US uses energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
（2）Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight.
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way
C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
[考点] last在此句中意为“持续，延续”。可单独使用，也可后接for +一段时间（for可以省略）。
The activity will last about 10 days ,from October 10 to 20.
How long will the meeting last
9. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
[考例] The evening news comes on at seven o’clock and ______ only thirty minutes. (2004全国卷II)
A. keeps B. continues
C. finishes D. lasts
[点拨] 根据句意“……只持续30分钟”，排除C； keep意为“维持，保持”时，后接形容词作表语，排除A； continue指继续做某事；last指某事持续了多长时间。
说明：1) all，both，each，always， completely，quite，entirely，whole，altogether，all the time， every及every的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。
不管not在它们之前或之后，都构成部分否定现象，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。
10 .All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。(L28，P26)
句型：all ... not=not all...并非都……
Not everyone likes his novel.并非人人都喜欢他的小说。
All bamboo doesn't grow tall.＝Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都长得高。
(2)all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，either 以及“every＋名词”都表示全部肯定；no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any，neither 以及no＋名词都表示全部否定。
None of these things are/is mine.这些东西都不是我的。
Neither of the sisters is here.两姐妹都没在这儿。
注意：any 所修饰的名词或由 any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，即只能说 not...any，不能说 any...not。
I don’t know any of them. 他们我一个都不认识。
We haven't enough toys for ________.Some of the children will have to share.
A．somebody B．anybody
C．everybody D．nobody
【解析】 句意为：我们没有足够的玩具给每个孩子；有些孩子只能跟别人玩一个。根据后面的“some of the children...”可知，前面应该用everybody表示部分否定。如果用anybody，则是全部否定。【答案】 C
⑴ 不是所有的学生都通过了考试。
__________________have passed the exam.
⑵ 并不是每个人都像你那么自私。
________________ is as selfish as you.
⑶ 不是你们两个都可以去北京。
___________________go to Beijing.
仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。
Both of you can’t
Not all the students
Not everyone
11. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines.
在城市的北部，一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出。
in the north, to the north与on the north
in表示“在其中”，在境界内；
to表示在境外，不接壤；
on表示接壤。如：
China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。（指在中国境外）
China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。（指东部境界与太平洋相接）
12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
[考点] whose意为“……的”，在定语从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，就用关系代词whose。其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。
[考例] Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (天津 2005)
A. that B. whose
C. those D. what
[点拨] 因from前是逗号，可判断出后面是一个定语从句，排除those；从句部分与先行词之间的关系为： the people are still suffering from the effects of the floods，whose指代of the floods, 在句中作定语，故此题选B。
13. Your parents and your school should be very proud of you.你的家长和学校应该以你为豪。 be proud of=take pride in以……为自豪 拓展： be/feel proud to do sth.因做某事而感到骄傲 be proud that 从句 with pride 自豪地，骄傲地 运用：根据中文意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 他为她的成功而感到自豪。
He _________________________ her success.
⑵ 她自豪地望着自己的孩子。
She looked at her child _____________.
takes pride in/is proud of
with pride
⑶ 能成为你的朋友我感到自豪。
I ________________ be your friend.
⑷ 他因被选上班长而感到自豪。
He ____________ that he was elected monitor.
was proud
am/feel proud to
14.Next month the city will open a new park to honor those who died in the terrible disaster.
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园,以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们.
honor英音[‘ n ]n. 荣誉;名誉,面子【U】;光荣的事或人[(+to)] 【C】及物动词 vt. 使增光;给...以荣誉;尊敬 We fight for the honor of our country. 我们为祖国的荣誉而战。
He is an honor to our school. 他是我们学校的光荣。
You honor us with your presence.
您的莅临是我们的光荣。 Will you honor me with a visit 可否光临指教
He honors his teachers. 他尊敬他的老师。
【归纳拓展】
be honoured for 因……受到尊敬
be honoured as 被尊为
feel honoured to do 因做……而感到荣耀
be honoured with 给……以荣誉
do sb. an honour 使某人有特殊的荣幸
have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做
save one's honour 保全名誉
in honour of 向……表示敬意
It's an honour to do... 很荣幸做……
The street was named after a great man ________ his great contributions to the city.
A．in honour of B．instead of
C．in case of D．in need of
[答案]A
15.As you know，this is the day the
quake happened...
【精提取】 句中的as引导非限制性定语从句，as代替主句内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
【巧应用】 据上周报道，在这家外国公司的帮助下，他们要发射另一颗人造卫星。
They would send up another satellite，__ __ ____ _____ _____ ，with the help of the foreign company.
as was reported last week(共61张PPT)
复习与测试
复习与测试
1.______________ vi.& n.爆裂，破裂
2.______________ n.& vt.废墟，毁灭
3.______________ n. 苦难，痛苦
4.______________ vt. 损害，伤害
5.______________ vt. 毁坏；破坏；消灭
6._______________ v.& n.(使)震惊
burst
ruin
suffering
injure
destroy
shock
7.______________ vt. 营救；援救
8.______________vt.& n.使陷入， 困境
9.______________ vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隐藏
10._____________ vt. 使惊吓，吓唬
11.earthquake n.________________
12.extreme adj. ________________
13.track n. ________________
轨道，足迹，痕迹
rescue
trap
bury
frighten
地震
极度的
14.electricity n. __________________
15.shelter n. ___________________
16.damage n.& v. ___________________
17.judge n.& v. ___________________
18.express vt.& n. ___________________
19.outline n. ___________________
20.congratulations n.___________________
祝贺
电，电学
掩蔽，掩蔽处，避身处
损失，损害
断定，判决，法官
表达，表示，快车，速递
要点，大纲，轮廓
1． n．地震
2． vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
3． n．& v．援救；营救
4． n．掩蔽；避身处；掩蔽处
5． n．& v．损失；损害
6． vi.爆裂；爆发n.爆发，突然破裂
7． n．废墟；毁灭v.毁灭，使破产
8． vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.打击；震惊；休克
9． vi.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境
10． n．苦难；痛苦
→ v．受苦
earthquake
destroy
rescue
shelter
damage
burst
ruin
shock
trap
suffering
suffer
11． adj.极度的→ adv.极度地, 极端地
12． vt.损害；伤害→ n．受伤，损伤
→ adj.受伤的
13． adj.无用的；无益的；无效的→________ n．无用→ (反义词)有益的；有用的
14． n．电流，电学→ adj.电的
15． n．灾难;灾祸→ adj.悲惨的;灾害的
16． vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏→ n．埋葬；葬礼
17． v．使惊吓；吓唬→ adj.受惊吓的；受恐吓的→ adj.令人恐惧的
18． n．祝贺→ v．祝贺
19． v．断定，判决n.裁判员，法官→ n．判断；判断力
20． vt.表达；表示n.快车；快递
→ n．词语；表达；表情
extreme
extremely
injure
injury
injured
useless
uselessness
useful
electricity
electric
disaster
disastrous
bury
burial
frighten
frightened
frightening
congratulation
congratulate
judge
judgement
express
expression
21．_______ adj.发臭的；有臭味的
→_____ v．闻到；嗅到
22．________ n．民族；国家；国民
→________adj.国家的
23．________ n．幸存者；残存物
→______v．幸存；生还
24．________ n．记者→________v．报道
25．________ adv.真诚地；真挚地
→________adj.真诚的
smell
smelly
national
nation
survive
survivor
report
reporter
sincere
sincerely
1．Without ________ (电)，life would not be so convenient today.
2．Don't mention it again, or it will remind her of the ________ (痛苦) she has gone through.
3．When he got up, the ground ________
(震动) and cracked under his feet.
4．After the war they saved those who were alive and ________ (埋葬) the dead.
5．They were ________ (困住) in a deep hole and couldn't get out.
electricity
suffering
shook/quaked
buried
trapped
6．The soldiers ________ (营救) hundreds of people shortly after the earthquake.
7．She ________ (突然爆发)into tears at the news that her father had passed away.
8．On arriving there, we offered our ________
(祝贺) to him on his success.
9．He knows only a little English so he can't ________ (表达) himself fluently.
10．It's wrong of you to take ________ (躲避) under the tree in the storm.
rescued
burst
congratulations
express
shelter
1.立刻，马上 ___________________
2.埋头于，专心于 ___________________
3.对……评价高，赞赏___________________
4.结束 ___________________
5.……的数目 ___________________
the number of
right away
be buried in
think highly of
be at an end
6. 倒下 ________________
7. 三分之一 ________________
8. 向某人表达谢意 ________________
9.instead of ________________
10.rescue sb./sth. from_______________
11.dig out _______________
12.a great number of________________
fall down
one third
express thanks to sb
代替，而不是
援救，把……从……中解救出来
掘出，发现
大量，许多
13.give out ________________
14.blow away ________________
15.be trapped in/by_________________
16.in ruins _________________
17.the dead __________________
死者，死去的人
分发，发出，用完
吹走
被困于
严重受损，破败不堪
18．think little ________评价很低；不重视
19．cut ________ 横穿；横跨
20．________ gone 不见；不复存在
21．________ of thousands of 成千上万
22．soon ________ 在……之后不久
23. as if＝as though 仿佛；好像
of
across
be
tens
after
用本课所学短语填空
1.His car was buried by the snow and had to be ________.
2．They ________ my suggestion, which made me a little upset.
3．Please wait for a moment. I'll find the address for you ________ .
4．Quite ________ world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.
5．The children were happy that the long hot summer was at last ________ .
dug out
thought little of
right away
a number of
at an end
6．We ________ our son for not giving in to such difficulties.
7．We couldn't continue our way，for we had ________ petrol.
8．The earthquake left the whole town ________. What a terrible sight!
9．You must watch your step so as not to ________ .
10．She was shaking with terror ________ she'd seen something terrible.
are proud of
run out of
in ruins
fall down
as if
11.Mr.White hasn’t got any time to play golf these days，because he__________ the research of plants.
12.Time is pressing and we must begin the work __________.
right away
is buried in
13.Years passed before the civil war was finally __________ (结束).
14. ________________people studying English is increasing.
15.___________________ (很多)people have applied for the job.
A great number of
at an end
The number of
16.It was brave of him to ______ a boy ______drowning last summer.
17.We’ll have the meeting in the classroom _________on the playground.
18.Some reporters are fond of_________ (挖掘)the personal privates of famous people.
digging out
rescue
from
instead of
19.The 29th Olympic Games had made people all over the world ___________ (高度评价)China.
20.The teacher _________ the examination papers to the students.
gave out
think highly of
1．too... to... 太……而不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were______________ (太紧张而不敢吃东西)．
2．as if 引导方式状语从句
______________(仿佛) the world was at an end!
3．leave ＋ 宾语复合结构
Thousands of families were killed and many children ______________ (成了孤儿)．
4．部分否定
___________________(不是所有的希望都破灭了)．
5．定语从句及“the ＋ adj.”表示集合概念
The army organized teams to dig out those ______________ (被困的)and to bury _____ (死者).
too nervous to eat
It seemed as if
were left without parents
All hope was not lost
who were trapped the dead
1.I was sleeping _______ last night______ suddenly ______ strange happened.
2.Tony is ____ nervous to speak ______ he sees a stranger.
3.The camel is tall_____ to reach the grass on top of the wall.
4.Rose ran____ the street _______(look) for his mother.
5.Jack sat there____(sing) us a song when asked to.
6.Jack stood up _____ began to sing us a song when asked to.
too to
upstairs when
something
enough
along looking
singing
and
7.Early to bed and early to rise_____ (make) a man healthy and wise.
8.Mike, who thought____ of his small mistakes, broke the law____ the end.
9.It seemed _____ Tom ______( visit) the Great Wall. But in fact, he ____ .
10.___ number of ____ passengers who are going to visit the Baligou ___ rising all the time.
11.___ number of ____ passengers _____ going to vistit the Baligou__the end of this month.
12.All ____ ______(glitter) _____(be) not gold.
in
makes
little
as if had visited
didn’t
The the
is
A × are
at
that glitters is
13.The night began ____ (fall) ____ they reached the small village.
14.When the dam broke, it looked ____ the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep.
15.This _____(frighten) boy,_____ mother was lost in the disaster, ___(be) looking for her now.
16.Bob, ____ we expect, won the game,______ has greatly inspired us.
17.Mr. White has three sons, all of ____ are professors in Harvard University.
18. Mr. White has three sons, and all of ____ are professors in Harvard University.
frighened
to fall when
as if
whose
is
as which
whom
them
19. Mr. White has three sons, all of ____ professors in Harvard University.
20.____ you all know, Tom is the naughtiest boy in our grade.
21.It is only when you make up your mind ____( learn) English well ____ you can work hard.
22. Only when you make up your mind ____( learn) English well ____ you work hard.
23. It is a hard ___ unforgettable experience that we have gone through a five-day military training ____ the beginning of this term.
24.We can’t _____ earthquake from _______(happen). We can take _____ to ____ us from it.
to learn
them
As
that
to learn
can
but
at
stop happening
action protect
25.The _____(frighten) dog, _____(stare) angrily at us, was likely to attack us at any time.
26.This is the place ____ many small things are stored ____ might fall down.
27.______ before in history has a city been so completely destroyed as San Francisco.
28.The drunken drivers are a great danger ___ passengers in the street.
29.Try ___ you might, you may still fail ____ it is really difficult for everybody.
30.___ child ___ he is, he can sing more than 1,000 English songs.
where
frightening
staring
that
Never
to
as
because
× as
31. ___ he is___ child, he can sing more than 1,000 English songs.
32.____ he stayed in the university four years, he learned almost nothing.
33. He stayed in the university four years,_____ he learned almost nothing.
34. Although he stayed in the university four years,_____ he learned almost nothing.
35. He stayed in the university four years. He learned almost nothing,_____.
Though
Although
a
but/yet
yet
though/however
1．The Second World War brought great ________ to the people of Europe and the world.
A．steam B．suffering
C．power D．flame
[解析]suffering 苦难。steam蒸汽；power 力量；flame 火焰。
[答案]B
2．The mountain climbers ________ in the storm were finally rescued by helicopter.
A．ruined B．transported
C．trapped D．sheltered
[解析]trap 围困。ruin 毁坏；transport 运输；shelter 庇护。
[答案]C
3．I ________ hope that you'll make an excellent engineer in the future.
A．extremely B．fluently
C．officially D．sincerely
[解析]sincerely 真诚地。extremely 极其；fluently 流利地；officially 正式地。
[答案]D
4．More than twenty miners were reported to be ________ alive when the tunnel fell in.
A．buried B．damaged
C．expressed D．frightened
[解析]bury 埋，埋葬。damage 破坏；express表达；frighten 吓唬。
[答案]A
5．Don't you realize the ________ these chemicals are doing to our environment
A．shelter B．track
C．damage D．outline
[解析]do damage to 破坏。
[答案]C
6．He defeated the other competitors and won the world ________ for the high jump.
A．track B．title
C．judge D．headline
[解析]title 冠军。track 踪迹；judge 裁判；headline 大字标题。
[答案]B
7．(2012·沈阳二中月考)The Red Cross turned the school into a ________ for victims of the earthquake.
A．kindergarten B．cover
C．shelter D．hotel
[解析]shelter 避难所。cover 封面，盖子；kindergarten 幼儿园； hotel 旅馆。
[答案]C
8．Her actions ________ her love for her children more than any words could do.
A．commanded B．scheduled
C．burst D．expressed
[解析]express表达。command指挥；burst 爆发；schedule制定计划。
[答案]D
9．The car accident seemed to have completely ________ his confidence.
A．shocked B．requested
C．determined D．destroyed
[解析]destroy完全摧毁。shock使震惊；request请求；determine决定。
[答案]D
10．The natural ________ is believed to have caused heavy losses in this area.
A．view B．block
C．voyage D．disaster
[解析]disaster灾害。view观点，远景；block街区，大块；voyage航海。
[答案]D
13. The death of his wife was a terrible ____ to him.
A. knock B. shock C. surprising D. experience
12. He _____ his voice so that everyone could hear him.
A. lifted B. rose C. held D. raised
11.The work must be done______.
A. right away B. right now
C. at once D. all the above
16. _____of people came to the meeting from
all over the country.
A. Many B. A number
C. The number D. A plenty of
15. They tried to prevent their cows from ____ .
injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting
14. _____ for the worst, and you won’t feel too sad if you fail.
Preparing B. Prepare
C. To prepare D. Prepared
18. There was a strange man at the gate ____ something to the little girl.
A. said B. says C. to say D. saying
17. I will go shopping with her _____my mother.
instead of B. instead
C. in fact D. instead with
19.____ seen the film, so everybody wants to see it.
All the students haven’t
Any students haven’t
C. As nobody has
D. None of us has
20. Do you want to go biking with me
-----Yes .I’d love to . _____my bike is broken
A. But B. And C. Sorry D. However
21. _____ were sent to hospital and the ____ were buried.
A. The injury, the death
B. The injuring, the dying
C. The injured, the dead
D. The injured, the died
22. About ____ of the workers in that steel works ____ young people.
A. third fifths, are B. three fifths, are
C. three fifths, is D. three fifth, are
23．In the Olympic Games, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their ________ will be admitted as competitors.
A．event B．course C．outline D．schedule
[解析] A 句意：在奥运会上，只有达到了他们的体育项目规定的标准的运动员才被允许成为奥运会的竞赛队员。A项意为“大事，体育运动项目”；B项意为“课程，航线，过程”；C项意为“大纲，轮廓”；D项意为“日程安排(表)”。
24．The son insisted on his friend living with them.Someone with such a handicap would be a terrible________ on his parents.
A．trouble B．burden
C．disaster D．damage
[解析] B 句意：儿子坚持要他的朋友和他们住在一起，这样一个残疾人对他的父母来说是一个很大的负担。A项意为“麻烦”；B项意为“负担”；C项意为“灾难”；D项意为“损害，损坏”。
25. It was reported that 115 miners ________ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.
A．transformed B．trapped
C．defeated D．stained
[解析] B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道被困在渗水矿井下八天的115名矿工终于安然无恙地被救上来了。transform转变，变革； trap使落入圈套(或困境)，困住； defeat战胜，击败； stain玷污，污染。
26．In different languages, the same idea is often ________ in different ways.
A．instructed B．suggested
C．expressed D．supposed
[解析] C express意为“表达”。句意：在不同的语言中，同一个观点常常会有不同的表达方式。instruct 指导，通知；suggest建议，暗示；suppose 假设，认为。
27．Korean culture is really exciting right now. The Korean Wave is ________ Asian countries including China.
A．destroying B．striking
C．sweeping D．experiencing
[解析] C 句意：现在韩国文化真的令人兴奋，韩潮正在席卷包括中国在内的亚洲国家。A项意为“摧毁”；B项意为“撞击，侵袭”；C项意为“席卷，清扫”；D项意为“经历，体验”。
28．The sad mother________ crying when the reporter asked about her son's death in the big fire.
A．burst into B．burst out
C．put out D．put up
[解析] B 句意：当记者问及这位悲伤的妈妈她儿子在大火中死去一事时，她突然大哭起来。C项意为“扑灭”；D项意为“举起，张贴，投宿”，不符合语境。burst into后接名词；burst out后接动名词，意为“突然大哭”。
29．London employers were________ a shortage of school－leavers，while many graduates were looking for better work opportunities.
A．adding up B．turning to
C．digging out D．suffering from
[解析] D 句意：伦敦的雇主们正在遭受毕业生短缺之苦，而许多大学毕业生在寻找更好的工作机遇。A项意为“加起来”；B项意为“求助于”；C项意为“挖出”；D项意为“遭受……之苦”。
30． The present economy remains________ fragile while so many different measures have been taken.
A．frequently B．merely
C．efficiently D．extremely
[解析] D 句意：尽管采取了很多措施，当前的经济仍然极度脆弱。A项意为“频繁地”；B项意为“仅仅，只是”；C项意为“高效地”；D项意为“极度地，很，非常”。
31．The project showed just how________ the authorities in Beijing take the threat of a slow down following the international financial crisis.
A．sincerely B．exactly
C．seriously D．precisely
[解析] C 句意：这个方案表明北京当局是多么严肃认真地对待由全球金融危机引起的经济下滑的威胁。A项意为“真诚地”；B项意为“精确地”；C项意为“严肃认真地”；D项意为“精确地，细致地”。
32. He was in hospital for six months. He felt________ he was cut off from the outside world for more than six years.
A．in case B．as if C．as usual D．what if
[解析] B 句意：他住院6个月了，他感觉好像已经和外面的世界隔离了6年多。A项意为“以防，万一”；B项意为“好像”；C项意为“通常”；D项意为“要是……会怎么样呢”。
C
B
答案
假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：
● 对此活动的认识(如对本人、……的益处等)
● 个人优势● 你的计划注意：
1．词数不少于100；
2．可适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope Primary School
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two.________
_______________________________________________
Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. I am writing to apply for the opportunity to help the students in Chenxi Hope Primary School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation. Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along well with the students.
I think that I am qualified for the position. I'm kind, easy going and always ready to help others. I wash clothes and make the bed by myself to develop independence. English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests.
I plan to communicate with students first to know what they need. Besides, I'll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories, singing songs, playing games and so on.
I'd appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.
Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
晨记有道
考点对接
基础巩固(共86张PPT)
Period 1
Important words& expressions
学习提纲:
话题
1.Basic knowledge about earthquakes
(关于地震的基本知识)
2．How to protect oneself and help others in disasters
(在灾难中如何保护自己和帮助他人)
功能
1.Talking about past experiences(叙述过去的经历)
2．Expressing thanks(表达感谢)
语法
The Attributive Clause (Ⅰ) (that, which, who (m), whose)
定语从句(1)(由that，which，who (m)，whose引导)
重点单词
burst，ruin，extreme，injure，destroy，shock，rescue，trap，electricity，disaster，bury，shelter，frightened，judge，express，event，damage
重点短语
right away，as if，at an end，a (great) number of，in ruins，fall down，dig out，be buried in
重点句型
1.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
2．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
3．All hope was not lost.
记忆有方
right away
burst
burst into
burst out
as if
even if/even
ruin
in ruins
the injured
bury
buried in
shelter
shelter
from
damage
damage to
good to
judge
judging by/from...
national
dirty
extremely
frightening
frightened
express
expression
earthquake
in ruins
destroyed
damage
disaster
a great number of miners
buried
rescue
dig
out
injured
burst
frightened
burst out of
right away
as if
disasters
at an end
shocked
学习有道
warming up
1、earthquake：[' :θkweik] 名词 n. [C] 地震 The town was destroyed by the earthquake. 整座城镇被地震毁灭了。
This morning we had a slight earthquake.今天早上发生轻微的地震。
quake：[kweik] n. 地震 vi. 颤抖,哆嗦[(+at/with/for)]
The ground suddenly began to quake under
our feet. 我们脚下的地面突然开始摇晃。
I stood there quaking with fear.
我站在那儿,吓得直打哆嗦。
The little match girl was quaking with cold.
由于寒冷而颤抖。
2、right away 立刻；马上
After school ,he went home right away.
Give it to me right away!
He didn‘t answer my question right away.
他没有马上回答我的问题。
right off 立刻,马上right now 现在;立刻,马上
at once立刻，马上immediately adv. 立刻，立即 conj. 一……..就…….
------The people in the disaster area need
immediate help.
------I see . Tents will be sent there _______.
now and then B. sooner or later
C. just now D. right away
3. burst：vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
【归纳拓展】
burst out doing sth. ＝ burst into ＋ n．突然……起来
burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支
burst out laughing = burst into laughter，
burst out crying = burst into tears,
即burst out +动词-ing形式= burst into +名词
burst作名词 意为“突然破裂、爆发”。
a burst of ...一阵...
a burst of laughter /thunder /applause
They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.看到她脸上的表情，他们都突然大笑起来。
I couldn't help bursting into tears when I heard the bad news.我听到这个坏消息时不禁泪流满面。
The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 16th Guangzhou Asian Games caused bursts of applause. 在第16届广州亚运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。
The pipe is easy to burst in cold winter.
在寒冷的冬季管道很容易爆裂。
The police burst in and arrested the drug dealer.
警察突然闯进来，逮捕了这名毒犯。
【学情诊断】
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①He felt he would burst anger and shame.
②He burst the room without knocking.
③The roads were bursting cars.
④Everyone burst song as we got closer home.
⑤I burst in the meeting thinking that the room
was empty.
⑥He is always bursting energy.
with
into
with
into
on
with
Seeing her son killed in
the car crash，she burst
out crying.
Seeing her son killed in
the car crash，she burst
into tears.
Seeing her son killed in
the car crash，she suddenly
started to cry.
试一试：
她突然哭起来了。
She burst into tears. = She burst out crying.
他们全都大笑起来了。
All of them burst into laughter
= All of them burst out laughing.
气球爆炸了。
The balloon burst.
我们驶过一些玻璃碎片，汽车的一只轮胎爆了。
We drove over some glass and one of our tyres burst.
及物动词 vt. 使爆炸;使破裂 After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
下了十天雨后河堤决口了。
4. million：[‘milj n] n[C]百万;百万元(镑、美元、法郎等) 无数
The population of the city is about four million.
那个城市约有400万 人口。
He has millions of books. 他有许多许多书。 用法点击 ： 如果前面有明确的数字， million不能用复数，若前无具体数字，则用millions of 表示“大量，数百万”。
He earned ten million dollars last year.
Every year millions of cars are sold.
形容词 a. 百万的 There are five million permanent residents in the city. 这个城市有五百万常住居民。
5. event ：[i‘vent] n. 事件,大事
Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boy's life.
赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。
(比赛)项目[C] Which events have you entered for 你参加了哪些比赛项目
区别：accident , incident , event , 均有“发生的事情”之意。 accident指不幸的意外事故；可以构成短语by accident表示“偶然”。
She met with an accident on her way home last night. （2002上海春）
We hadn't planned to meet. We met by accident.
Car accidents on icy roads意外
A series of happy accidents led to his promotion.
He ran into an old friend by accident. 碰巧/偶然的
She discovered the problem by accident.碰巧An awful accident has happened.（发生了一起可怕的意外事故。） event一般用语，指国家历史上发生的重大事件（如战争，举办奥运会等），有时指个人的重大事件；也指比赛项目。可构成短语at all events表示“无论如何”。例如：
The discovery of America was a great event.
There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home at all events. The new book was the cultural event of the year.（这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。） occurrence 指偶然发生的事件（如抢劫，地震等），也可指家庭中日常生活琐事；occurrence 和 happening 这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。
Newspapers record the chief occurrences of the day.（纸报道了当天发生的大事。）
I know nothing at all about the recent happenings there.（对那里近来发生的事我一点儿也不知道。）
incident既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。例如：
We all remember the July 7th incident of 1937.
Life at camp was filled with funny incidents last month.
There was a strange incident in the supermarket today. 怪小事
matter =事项;问题，毛病;.课题; 物质; 动词:有关系.
(a) This is a private matter; money matter 事项;问题; (b) That car matters a great deal to him; It doesn't matter. 动词: 有关系，要紧
(c) The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter. 物质
(d) A matter of opinion; a matter of principle;
(e) What's the matter( problem) with you 问题...
thing =东西; 事情;事物; 玩意儿 .
●thing是普通用词，通常指日常生活中的小事情。例如：
I have a lot of things to deal with today.
With many things to do, I can't go to the park with you.
I have so many things to worry about...事情
When he moves house, he likes to throw a lot of things 东西
What is her latest play thing 玩意儿
6. as if/though 好像，好似
①It seems as though the person knew the city well.
这个人好像对这个城市很了解似的。
②He treats his sister as though she were a stranger.
他待他姐姐如陌生人。
③He opened his mouth as though to speak.
他张开嘴巴好像要说话似的。
她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。
She spoke to me as if she knew me.
【温馨提示】：
①在it looks/seems as though/if...句型中，当说话人认为从句的情况实现的可能性较大或者就是事实时，从句不用虚拟语气。
②引导方式状语从句。as though/if引导方式状语从句时，从句有时用虚拟语气。即：
eg：
He behaved as though/if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
He talks as though/if he knew all about it.
他说话的口气好像所有的事他都知道了。
She talks and talks as if she would never stop.
她说了又说，好像永远也不会停下来。
【温馨提示】：
③在as though/if引导的方式状语从句中，当主从句的主语相同时，可以把从句的主语和谓语部分(此时从句谓语多是be动词或含有be动词)省略。
eg：She stood at the door as though/if (she had been) waiting for someone.
她站在门边好像是在等人。
She hurriedly leaves the room as though/if (she were) angry.
她匆忙地离开了房间，好像生气了。
7．at an end结束，终止
【归纳拓展】
(1)at the end of 在……的末端/尽头(指时间或者空间的一个终点)
by the end of到……末，到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
make (both) ends meet量入为出；收支相抵
come to an end结束
bring sth.to an end＝put an end to sth.结束某事
in the end 最后，终于
on end 竖着，直立着；连续的，不断的
to the end到底
without end没完没了的
(2)end up 结束，告终
end in 以……结束/结尾
The year is at an end. 这一年已到年终了。
The meeting came to an end. 会议结束了。
My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
我必须警告你，我已经忍无可忍了。
I am determined to put an end to all these rumors.
我决心要制止这些流言蜚语。
Their struggle ended in failure.他们的斗争以失败告终。
It snowed heavily for three days ________ and we were separated from the outside world.
The war was at an end.战争结束了。
Everything between them was at an end.
他们之间的一切都已结束。
on end
用end短语的适当形式填空。
1. We must _______ their threats.
2. It is with great sadness that I announce that our marriage is _______ .
3. _______ , we decided to go to Florida.
4. Anyone who swims in the river could _______ a nasty stomach upset.
put an end to
at an end
In the end
end up with
区别： end with, end up with ,end in
end with 并不是个固定动词短语，而是 end 后面跟着个介词
with 继续表达某件事结束时的描述，例如： The film ended (with a big question left on everyone‘s mind). The soccer game ended (with a 1-1 tie). The class ends with a song.这结课以一首歌结尾。
end up with 是常有的短语，根据使用场景不同，意思也不尽
相同。下面几个句型供你参考，可以自己试着去理解： Who did you end up with？ ( 课室进行分组讨论或实验情景） He ended up with an A on his Science project. After numerous attempts, the experiment ended up with a
huge success/failure. (结果是好是坏都可以）
end with后面的宾语是其主语的一部分，而end in后面的宾语是其主语（一件事情、一个活动等）的结果。
The meeting ended with a song. (a song是主语The meeting 的一部分，即歌曲之后整个会议结束). Their effort ended up in failure (failure是主语Their effort 的结果).
8. nation：[‘nei n] n. 民族；国家；国民
The Chinese nation 中华民族
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news. 听到这个噩耗时，整个国家都沉侵在神深切的悲痛之中。
We have established diplomatic relations with the newly independent nations. 我们已与那几个新近独立的国家建立了外交关系。
词汇辨析：country,nation,state用法区别
1）. 三者均可表示“国家”，有时互换。如：
friendly countries [nations， states] 友好国家
one’s mother nation [country] 祖国
Does the nation [country] want war？
全体国民都需要战争吗？
但严格说来，三者的侧重点不同：country 侧重指国土或疆域；nation 侧重国民或民族；而 state 则侧重指政权或国家机器 （通常大写第一个字母）。如：
China is a large country. 中国是一个疆域广大的国家。
The whole nation is [are] rejoicing. 全国人民欢天喜地。
Railways in China belong to the State. 中国的铁路属于国家。
2）. 用于名词前作定语时，三者也有差别
（1） country 没有相应的形容词形式，若需用于名词作定语，可直接用名词形式。但此时它通常不表示“国家”，而表示“乡村”。如：
country music 乡村音乐 country life 乡下生活
（2） nation 有相应的形容词形式，即 national。
National Day 国庆节 a national bank 国有银行
（3） state 没有相应的形容词形式，若需用于名词作定语，可直接用名词形式。如：
state railways 国营铁路 state schools 国立学校
3）. country 除表示“国家”外，还有一个常见意思：“农村”、“乡村”，其前通常要用定冠词。此时不能用其他两个词 。
Which do you prefer， to live in a city or in the country？ 你是喜欢住在城里还是喜欢住在乡下？
He looked as though he were from the country. 看起来他好像是从乡下来的
9．ruin n．[U]毁灭;毁坏;崩溃;[常用复数]废墟;遗迹
vt. (使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产
【归纳总结】 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be the ruin of成为……毁灭（堕落）的原因
come/go/fall to/ into ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
bring... to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使…破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己，自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
The old farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin.这家农场很早就已废弃了，成了废墟。
The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。
We had intended to visit our relatives in Sichuan, but the earthquake happening there ruined our plan.
Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too！酗酒是他父亲毁灭的原因，他也将遭受同样的厄运.
The town lay in ruins after years of bombing.
经过几年的轰炸，这座城镇已成了一片废墟。
That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.
正是那个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
[即学即练]用ruin的适当形式填空。
1). I don’t want the heavy rain to ______ our holidays.
2). Years of fighting have left the area ______.
3). One such mistake ______ his chances of getting the job.
4)战后，整个村子变成了废墟。
The village after the war.
5)那次地震过后， 全城到处是颓垣断壁。
An earthquake left .
6)许多古罗马时期的遗迹可以在法国南部看到。
the old Roman can be seen in the
south of France.
7）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
The heavy rain .
ruin
in ruins
ruined
was in ruins
the whole town in ruins
Many ruins of
ruined our holiday
damage，destroy，ruin
这三个词都有“损坏、破坏”之意，具体区别如下：
(1)damage 表示“损害”、“损坏”，通常指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。如：
Smoking will damage your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。
(2)destroy 表示“毁坏”， 通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭， 往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：
The fire destroyed the building. 大火烧毁了大楼。
(3)ruin 表示“毁坏，毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。现多用于比喻用 法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin。如：
Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career.
任何不诚实的交易都会毁了他的事业。
【易混辨析】
(用 destroy，damage，ruin 的适当形式填空)
1)They managed to repair the houses that had been ______ .
2)All their hopes were ________ by her letter of refusal.
3)He put my new white dress in the dirty water and ________ it.
damaged
destroyed
ruined
10. suffering：[‘s f ri ] n. (身体,精神上的)痛苦,苦恼[U]；劳苦;苦难的经历;令人痛苦的事[C]
This would cause great hardship and suffering. 这将造成极大的艰难困苦。
He died without much suffering .他死时没有多少痛苦。
She bore her sufferings bravely.
她勇敢地忍受着苦难。
He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings.他躺在柴草上，提醒自己不要忘记自己所遭受的痛苦。 形容词 a. 受苦的,受难的 a suffering people 遭受苦难的民族
11. extreme：[iks‘tri:m] adj. 极度的
There's a Chinese restaurant at the extreme end of the street. 在这条街的尽头有一家中国餐馆。
Your invitation gave him extreme joy. 你的邀请使他高兴极了。 The took extreme measures to conserve fuel. 他们采取极端的手段节约燃料。
名词 n. [C]极端,末端 We should avoid extremes. 我们应该避免走极端。
极端的事物;极端的行为(或手段)极度;最大程度 In dealing with the problem he was cautious to an extreme. 他在处理这个问题时谨慎得过分了。
12. injure：[‘ind ] vt. 损害；伤害
【归纳拓展】
(1)injury (pl. injuries) n.伤口；损害
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
(2)injured adj.受伤的
injured pride/feelings受伤的自尊/情感
the injured意思是“受伤的人；伤员”，谓语动词常用作复数形式。
[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意injure的意思和用法。
1). He was slightly injured in the accident.
2). Two people have been injured in a road accident.
3). His rude manner injured her pride.
When I fell off my bike, my only injury was a twisted ankle.
The injured are taken good care of in the hospital.
伤员在医院里受到良好的照顾。
Lucy got injured in the traffic accident yesterday.
露西在昨天的车祸中受伤了。
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
His injuries were bad，so he went to hospital.
他的伤势很严重，所以去医院了。
injure 特指意外事故中造成的伤害。
hurt 作及物动词时，表示“受伤”；既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害；作不及物动词时，表示“(身体某个部分)疼痛”。
wound 通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。
harm 用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。 do harm to
(用injure，hurt，wound，harm的适当形式填空)
1)How many people were____ in the accident
2)What he said________ me deeply.
3)The soldier was ________ in the arm.
4)Pollution can ________ marine life.
5)我希望我没有伤害她的感情。
I hope I .
6)不要让那工具伤害到你。
with that tool.
7). 我今天背疼得厉害。
My back is really hurting today.
8).抽烟有害健康
Smoking does great harm to your health.
injured
hurt
wounded
harm
didn’t hurt her feelings
Don’t injure yourself
13.△survivor：[s ‘vaiv ]
n. [C] 幸存者,生还者;残存物
There was only one survivor from the plane
crash. 这次飞机失事只有一个幸存者。
survive英音：[s ‘vaiv] 及物动词
vt. 在...之后仍然生存,从...中逃生 Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
比...活得长;丧失(配偶,亲人等) She survived her husband by twenty years. 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。 不及物动词 vi. 活下来,幸存;残留[(+on)] Few survived after the flood. 洪水后极少有人生还。
14. destroy：[dis‘tr i] vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
A fire destroyed the house.
一场火毁坏了那座房屋。
打破(希望、计划);使失败 What he said destroyed our last hope.
他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。
All his hopes were destroyed.
他所有的希望都毁灭了。
An atom bomb would destroy a city.
一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。
15. track：[tr k] n. [C]行踪;轨道;足迹,痕迹
We followed his tracks in the snow to a hut.
我们沿着他在雪地上留下的足迹走到一间小屋旁
The train jumped the track. 火车出轨了。
He runs around the track every morning.
他每天清晨绕着跑道跑步。
及物动词 vt. 跟踪;追踪
The hunter tracked the wolf and managed to catch it. 猎人追踪狼,并设法逮住它。
在...上留下足迹
The child rushed into the room and tracked dirt over the floor.
小孩冲进房间,地板上全是带泥的脚印。
16.useless adj. 无用的；无效的,无益的;无价值的 The blunt knife is useless.
这把钝刀毫无用处。
无效的;无益的 I realized it was useless to reason with him.
我知道和他说理是毫无意义的。
【口】(人)无能的,没有用的 I was useless at maths. 当时我的数学差极了。
17. shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震动
【归纳拓展】
(be) a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个打击
a great shock to sb 令人震惊的人或事
be shocked at/by 被……震惊
be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事
shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的， 感到惊讶的
shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人气愤的 ;令人惊讶的
shock的派生形容词：shocking某事令人震惊的；shocked某人感到震惊的。前者常用来修饰事物本身的特点，而后者常用来修饰人的感受。类似的用法如surprising/surprised；astonishing/astonished。
当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock是可数名词，常和冠词一块考查。 The news of his mother’s death was a terrible shock to him.他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。
阅读下列句子，注意shock的意思及用法。
1. The shock of her father’s death made her ill.
2. The news of his death came as a shock to us all.
3. He isn’t seriously injured but is in shock.
4. I felt the shock as the plane hit the ground.
5. It shocks you when something like that happens.
6. For a few minutes we stood in shocked silence.
(1)他们对她的无礼感到震惊。
by her rudeness.
(2)如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。
If you touch a live wire, .
(3)时间的浪费多么惊人呀！
of time!
They were shocked
you will get a shock
What a shocking waste
根据括号内的提示完成句子。
1. The news of his mother’s death ____________________（使他非常震惊）.
2. She ______________（因休克死亡） following an operation on her brain.
3. What really ___________（让我震惊的）was that no one seemed to care about that.
4. ______________（我们很吃惊）to hear about his leaving.
was a terrible shock to him
died of shock
shocked me
We were shocked
区别：shock, astonish, surprise
shock vt./n: 震惊，打击，吃惊程度最大，后面常跟介词at/by构成词组be shocked at/by,表示“对……吃惊”，或接不定式表示原因，也可作名词，意为“震动，打击”:
He was shocked by what you said.他对你说的话感到震惊。
He was shocked to know his son playing all day.
他知道他的儿子整天玩大为震惊。
The news gave me a great shock.这个消息给了我很大的打击。
astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 语气比surprise要强，含有令人难以置信:
I was astonished to see him in Tibet.在西藏见到他，真感到惊异。
The news astonished everyone.这个消息使每个人都很震惊。
surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth. sudden or unexpected: 最普通用词，意为“使惊讶，使吃惊”，含有“意想不到”之意。如：
I was surprised to see the great changes in my hometown.
看到家乡的巨大变化他惊讶不已。
His failure didn’t cause much surprise (was not a great surprise.)他的失败未引起很大的惊奇（并非很意外的事）
18. rescue：[‘reskju:] n. & vt. 援救；营救
【归纳拓展】
come/go to one's rescue 援救某人
rescue sb. from... 将某人从……中解救出来
He rescued three children from the burning building. 他从失火的建筑物内救出了三个孩子。
The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。
He rescued the man from drowning.
名词 n. 援救;营救[U][C] Rescue was at hand. 救援近在咫尺。
A rescue team is trying to reach the trapped mines.
They came to our rescue when we were in danger.
B
19. trap vt.(trapped, trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉 n．陷阱；困境；捕捉器
阅读下列句子，注意trap的词性和搭配。
1. Twenty miners were trapped underground after the accident.
2. Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.
3. The wolf was caught in a trap.
4. Our soldiers pretended to run away and the enemy fell into a trap.
5. Amanda felt that marriage was a trap.
卡住
使陷入困境
“、”，
陷井
困境
陷阱
【归纳拓展】
be caught in a trap意为“掉入陷阱”，
fall into a trap(＝be caught in a trap) 意为“落入圈套”。
lay/set a trap (for) 安装捕捉机,设陷阱；设计陷
set traps设陷阱
be trapped被夹住；陷入
trap sb. into doing sth.设计圈套让某人做某事
fall into/avoid the trap of doing sth.掉进/避免掉进陷阱
根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。
The four-year old boy with ______
(手指被夹在门里) was crying.
2. They set __________ (设了个圈套) for us. It’s unbelievable.
his fingers
trapped into the door
a trap
【学情诊断】
写出划线部分的汉语意思
①The hunter set traps to catch foxes.
②I knew perfectly well it was a trap.
③The police trapped him into telling the truth.
④Many women are trapped in loveless marriages.
设陷阱
一个陷阱
设圈套使他讲出实情
陷入
(1)塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。
underground after the collapse.
(2)他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
By clever questioning they he had done it.
(3)他们给我们设了一个圈套。
They .
Some miners were trapped
trapped him into admitting
set a trap for us
20. electricity：[,ilek‘trisiti] n. 电；电流；电学;极度的兴奋;激情 make/produce electricity 发电
cut off electricity切断电源
turn on /off electricity 接通、切断电源
You can feel the electricity in the crowd.
你可感到群众的激情。
21. disaster：[di'zɑ:st ] n. [C][U]灾害,灾难,不幸 We were all shocked by the disaster.
这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
【口】彻底的失败 Our plan ended in disaster.
我们的计划以彻底失败告终。
22. dig：[dig] out（ dug ，dug）V. 掘出；发现
【归纳拓展】
dig down 挖下去；掏腰包
dig in 掘土以掺进(肥料等)；专心干起来；贪婪地吃
dig into...掘到……里面；钻研……
dig oneself in挖壕固守；使自己站住脚
dig up掘出；挖出；(经调查)发现；开垦(荒地)
The truth was dug out .真理被发现了。
He is digging in his garden. 在花园挖地。
The two mice are digging a hole.老鼠在打洞。
dig into Chinese history
The soldier dug out the people trapped in ruins.
战士们挖出被困在废墟中的人。
I dug out an old photo from the drawer yesterday, which reminded me of the days we spent together on the farm.
23．bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏
【归纳拓展】
be buried in thought 沉思
bury... in... 把……埋到/插到……里
bury... alive 将……活埋 be buried alive被活埋
bury oneself in study =be buried in doing sth.埋头于,专注于
bury sth. under / beneath...将……埋在……下面
bury one's face in hands双手掩面
bury one's feelings感情不外露
表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：
be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, concentrate on be occupied in; focus on , fix one’s attention on等。
She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。
The paper was buried under a pile of books.
那份文件被掩藏在一堆书下面。
Since she left，he's buried himself in his work.
自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
Where is she buried 她被埋在哪里
The pirates buried their treasure.
海盗埋藏了他们的财宝。
The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard.
男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。
They buried themselves in their work.
他们埋头于工作。
(1)他坐着埋头看杂志。
He was sitting with his head buried in the magazine.
(2)他的祖父母都葬在这里。
Both his grandparents were buried here .
(3)他们埋头于工作。
They buried themselves in( were buried in ）their work.
24. a great number of许多，大量的
【归纳拓展】
a (great) number of修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，意思是“许多、大量的”；the number of 也修饰可数名词复数, 意思是….的数量, 谓语动词用单数。
①There are a great number of books in the shelves.
书架上有大量的书。
②A great number of students find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.
许多学生发现毕业以后找到一份合适的工作不容易。
③A number of people were killed in the earthquake. We don’t know exactly the number of them.许多人在地震中死去了。我们不知道死亡人数的确切数目。
The number of cars sold yesterday was 100.
【温馨提示】： ①a number of＋n.(pl.)作主语，谓语动词用复数，“许多……，大量……”。
②the number of＋n.(pl.)作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数目”。
③large quantities of＋n.(pl.)/n.[U]作主语，谓语动词用复数。
④large amounts of＋n.[U]作主语，谓语动词用复数。
“large quantities of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语，
谓语动词用复数。a large quantity of＋pl.n./[u]n.作主语
时，谓语动词取决于名词的单复数形式。
They spent a great deal of money building the hospital.
他们花了很多钱建医院。
Large quantities of nuts are found inside trees hidden
there by squirrels.人们在树里发现了松鼠藏的大量的坚果。
A large number of books have been stolen from
the library.图书馆失窃了很多书。
The number of books in the library is large.
图书馆里的书很多。
Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.
很多著名的流行音乐歌星都因毒品而毁了。
25. title：[‘taitl] n. 标题；头衔；资格
The title of the novel is "Sons and Lovers".
该书的书名为《儿子和情人》。
If you tell me some titles , I’ l l look for them in the library.如果你告诉我书名，我可以在图书馆里找。
Do they have any title to this land
他们对这土地有所有权吗
及物动词 vt. 加标题于 She hasn't yet titled her novel.
她还没有给她的小说定篇题。
26. damage：[‘d mid ] n. & vt. 损失；损害
The earthquake caused great damage.
地震造成了极大的损害。
The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
赔偿金[复]
She has not got any damages.她没有得到任何赔偿费。
及物动词 vt. 损害,毁坏
A heavy rain came down and damaged the crops.
一场大雨倾盆而下,损害了农作物。
The earthquake damaged several buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
27、frighten [‘frait n] vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
The ghost story frightened the child.
这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分惊恐。
He is frightened of the dark 怕黑
He was frightened of the fierce dog.
他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。
He was frightened at the thought that he might drown.
他一想到会溺水，就感到恐惧。
He frightened the boy into stealing money.恐吓那个男还去偷钱。
[归纳总结]
be frightened of（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事
be frightened at/by sth.(at 后接“想法，注意，事件”；by 后接具体的动物，东西，人。）
frighten sb. into /out of doing sth.
恐吓某人做、不做某事
fright n. 受惊；惊骇
The loud thunder gave me a fright.
这声响雷吓了我一大跳。
frightened adj. 受惊的, 受恐吓的
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
[练一练 ]
1).The snake was so __________ that the girl was nearly __________to death. (frighten)
2).I am _________of walking home alone in the dark. (frighten)
frightened
frightened
frightening
28. congratulation：[k n,gr tju‘lei n] n. 祝贺;（复数）贺词
Congratulations on your happy marriage!
祝贺你喜结良缘!
Congratulations on your passing the exam!
祝贺你通过了这次考试
I offered my congratulations on his success. 我对他的成功表示了祝贺。
[归纳总结]
庆贺，祝贺，常用复述形式，并与介词on搭配，
构成短语congratulations (to sb.) on sth. /doing ….
[拓展] congratulate v. (with on.) to speak to ( a 、
person) with praise and admiration for a
happy event or sth. successfully done: 意为“向
某人表示祝贺，向某人道贺”，构成短语
congratulate sb. on sth. /dong….
congratulate oneself that结构中：
We congratulated him on having passed the
examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。
He congratulates himself on having chosen a
good woman to be his wife.他暗自庆幸自己挑
选了一位贤惠的女子作妻子。
29.judge：[d d ] n. 裁判员;法官 vt. 断定;判断;判决
【归纳拓展】
judge that…判断,估计
judge sb./sth. to be + n./adj. 认为
judge＋wh clause/wh to do 判断，断定……
judge sb./sth.from/by...评判，从……来评价
judging by/from 从……来看，根据……来判断
judge a case 审判案子
judge a speech contest 担任演讲比赛的评委
act as a judge 担任裁判
judgement n．判断，审判，意见，判断力
in one's judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法
make a judgment on 对…下判断
judging from/by表示“从……上看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。
As far as I can judge, I'm afraid you're wrong.
以我判断，恐怕你错了。
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
从他所说的判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
The prisoner was taken before the judge. 囚犯被提审。
From his letter，we judged his visit to China(to be)a great success.
我们从他的来信判断出他对中国的访问非常成功。
Don't judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。
Judging from what he said，he was very disappointed.
从他的话判断，他非常失望。
He was one of the judges at the horse race.
他是赛马会上的裁判员之一。
My judgement is that/ In my judgement，the plan is ill conceived.我的意见是/据我看来，该计划考虑不周。
30.sincerely：[sin‘si li] adv. 真诚地;真挚地;诚恳地
I sincerely hope you'll come with us.
我真诚希望你和我们一起去。
Sincerely yours, Tom .
I sincerely hope your father will well again soon.
Sincere衷心的,真诚的,真心实意的
We all gave him our sincere congratulations .
我们都想他表达诚挚的祝贺。
Sincerity 真诚，诚实
31. express：[iks‘pres] vt. 表示；表达
n. 快车；速递
I hardly know how to express my gratitude.
我真不知道如何表达我的感激之情。
Words can’t express how excited I was.
语言无法表达我是多么的兴奋!
Please express the parcel.请快递这个包裹。
I sent the letter by express.我这封信是快递的。
He expressed his wish that he would go there on an express train.他表达了他的愿望，想坐特快列车去那儿。
Express oneself.表达自己的意见。
You can express yourself at the meeting.
会上你可一畅所欲言。
C(共117张PPT)
Period 3 Grammar
warming up
Grammar
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
Declan is a famous
singer.
He sings the song
tell me why.
Declan is a famous
singer who sings
the song tell me why.
He is a little boy.
He is eating.
He is a little boy
who is eating.
He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.
He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.
谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
结局好, 一切都好。
真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时方知其可贵。
Proverbs
Friendship is like health, the value of
which is seldom known until it is lost.
All is well that ends well.
He who laughs last laughs best.
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的关系词有：
定语从句
关系代词：who, whom ，whose,
which, that as
关系副词：when, where，why
定语从句：
修饰名词和代词的从句
This is the best film that I have seen.
定语从句
the best film
先行词
that
关系词
定语从句的位置
定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
Do you know the man
He spoke just now.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
This is the best film that I have seen.
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在从句中担当一个成分
关系词的作用
1）
2）
3）
关系代词that 指代先行词the best film,在定语从
句中作 seen 的宾语。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.
2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about
on the bus.
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has
come.
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is
our monitor.
注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.
3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语
时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
The factory which makes computers is far away
from here.
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
The house which is by the lake looks nice.
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was
not interesting at all.
4．that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，
相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语
时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit
this city each year reaches one million.
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning
The person that /whom you introduced to me is
very kind.
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
The noodles that I cooked were delicious.
Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow
the usage of the relative pronoun
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose
1）修饰人用who, whom, that
a. He is the man who can help you.
b. Do you know the man who is standing under the tree
c. The girl who is singing is Tom’s daughter.
d. The boy who/whom you are looking for is in the office.
e. The women who he is talking to are Americans.
f. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking
g. Those who want to go to the park gather at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
2）修饰物用 which, that
a. The book which you gave me last week is very interesting.
b. At last she found the gold ring which her husband bought for her.
c. Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years.
d. A polar bear is an animal which lives near the north pole.
e. The computer which he is using is made in China.
f. The plane which he took missed being caught in the storm.
3）所有格用 whose
a. The boy whose parents have been dead lives with his grandparents.
b. This is the policeman whose head was wounded.
c. The book whose cover is missing is mine.
d. He is sitting on the chair one of whose legs is broken.
4）只能用 that, 不用 which
(1)当先行词是everything, anything, nothing
(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some
等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no,
little, few, much等代词修饰时。
a. He bought all that he needed in that shop.
b. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who.
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding
were important people.
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do
such a thing.
(2) 先行词被序数词修饰时
a. The first word that a baby says is mum.
b. The last truck that carried coals was stopped by the
policemen.
(3) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
a. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
b. It is the strongest wind that I have ever met.
(4) 先行词被the very, the just, the only修饰时
a. This is the only computer that works.
b. It is the very book that I want to buy.
注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词 who。
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who
will attend the meeting.
(5).当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
(6) .当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
They talked about the persons and things that they
remembered at school
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking
up thestreet.
(7) 当引导词在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是过去那个样子了。
5) 只用which的情况:
1,逗号后面 2,介词后面
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B that C this D.it
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.
on which B that
C which D.this
Anyone _____breaks the law is punished.
Those _____ break the law are punished.
He _____ breaks the law is punished.
在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.
6) that 与who的区别
who
who
who
7 ) 定语从句中主谓一致问题
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 1.I am not one who ______afraid of difficulty．
2.Don ’t choose me, who _______not fit for this job．
is
am
3. This is one of the best books _______.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. that has written
D. that have written
4. She is the only one of the girls ___ well in class.
A. which sings B. who sing
C. who sings D. who to sing
做题方法：
1.分析从句成分：
①从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时选择关系代词中的that/ which/ as/ who/ whom;
②从句中缺少定语时选择whose;
③从句中缺状语（即不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语时），选择关系副词 when/ where/ why
2.再看先行词
关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致.
[2013·上海卷]38. An ecosystem consists of the
living and nonliving things in an area ______
interact with one another.
A. that B. where C. who D. what
解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互
作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，______
interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the
living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，
先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。
务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。
高考链接
[2013·重庆卷] 24John invited about 40 people to his
wedding, most of ______ are family members.
A．them B．that
C．which D．whom
本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性
定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句,排除；
先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；
如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and,排除。
【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，
简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没
有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。
【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，
其中大部分是家庭成员。
[2013·四川卷]9 Nowadays people are more concerned
about the environment ________ they live.
A. what B. which
C. when D. where
本题考查定语从句。the environment是先行词，
在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，
故用关系代词where。
【拓展】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语
从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，
如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间
的先行词之后未必用when。
【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。
[2013·山东卷]35 Finally he reached a lonely island
_____ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom
本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为island，
而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代
词that或which；when和where引导定语从句时用做
状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。
【句意】最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。
[2013·辽宁卷] 34 He may win the competition, ______
he is likely to get into the national team.
A．in which case B．in that case
C．in what case D．in whose case
本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，
He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为
从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制
性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。
【拓展】考生务必牢记：what不可引导定语从句。
[2013·江苏] 32 The president of the World Bank
says he has a passion强烈的感情for China，
________ he remembers starting as early as
his childhood.
A．where B．which
C．what D．when
[2013·湖南卷] 21 Happiness and success often come to
those ___ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who
C. what D. which
考查定语从句。who指代先行词those( 那些人),
在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，
what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。
解题技巧：找主干，析从句。1.找主干：因为主句完整，
Happiness and success often come to those.不难看出
本题考查定语从句，排除what。2.析从句:____are good
at recognizing their own strengths,缺主语，先排除
whom, 先行词those（那些人）,排除which, 故选择who。
【句意】幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。
[2013·福建卷]27 The book tells stories of the earthquake
through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which
本题考查定语从句。____ lives were affected.
是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是____ lives，
缺修饰语，所以选whose。
【句意】这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震
的故事。
[2013·安徽卷] 29 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize
for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the
Chinese people's long－held dreams come true.
A．it B．that
C．what D．which
本题考查定语从句的关系词。首先根据句意确定
逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是
which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what
不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，
它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。
【句意】莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国
人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。
[2013·天津卷]6 We have launched another man－made
satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A. that B. which
C．who D．what
本题考查非限制性定语从句。本句中which指代
的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人造
卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。
【句意】我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这一事件在
今天的新闻中得到了报道。
[2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ] 4When I arrived, Bryan took me
to see the house ________ I would be staying.
A. what B. when
C. where D. which
本题考查定语从句的连词。空处之后是一个
定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作
什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从
句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the
house，所以要用关系副词where。
【句意】当我到达的时候，布莱恩带我去看房子，
我将住在那个房子里。
1. It is reported that two schools, ____ are
being built in my hometown, will open
next year. (2007 四川)
A. they both B. which both
C. both of them D. both of which
2. We shouldn’t spent our money testing
so many people, most of ___ are healthy.
(2007 北京)
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
D
D
3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,
____ used to be poorly run, is now a
successful business. (2007 浙江)
A. that B. which C. who D. where
4. Human facial expressions differ from
those of animals in the degree ____
they can be controlled on purpose.
(2007 重庆卷)
A. with which B. to which
C. of which D. for which
B
B
5. Last week, only two people came to
look at the house, ____ wanted to buy
it. (2007 安徽)
A. none of them B. both of them
C. none of whom D. neither of whom
6. Eric received training in computer for
one year, _____ he found a job in a big
company. (2007 辽宁)
A. after that B. after which
C. after it D. after this
D
B
7. Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she
bought a month ago. (2008浙江)
A. whom B. where
C. that D. which
D
1. The famous basketball star, _____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京 2002春季)
A. where B. when C. which D. who
真题解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择, 从句意可知先行词the famous
basketball star (著名的篮球明星)是人, 所以应用表示人的关联词who。
D
2. Is this factory _____ we visited last year
A. where B. in which
C. the one D. at which
C
分析：此题还原成陈述句应该是This
factory is ______ we visited last year. 而
不是This is factory ______ we visited
last year. 所以答案是C。从句前省略了
关系代词that/which。
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A. It B. As C. That D. what
真题解析: 本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是“正如……..”, 引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当as在从句中充当主语时, 常用下面的结构: as is know, as is said, as is reported等，所以本题的答案是B。
B
4. (2006 北京) Women ___ drink more than
two cups of coffee a day have a greater
chance of having heart disease than
those ___ don’t.
A. who;/ B. /; who C. who; who D. /;/
Key: C
解析: 本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个定语
从句都缺少主语, 在定语从句中, 如果是
关系代词做定语从句的主语, 关系代词不能
省略, 故答案选C。
5. (2006 福建) Look out! Don’t get too
close to the house ___ roof is under
repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
Key A
解析: whose在定语从句中做roof的
定语, 用于修饰house。
【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of
nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from
all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
【考点】定语从句
【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，
修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的
定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；
where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，
均不符合语境，故排除。【答案】B
【2012江苏卷】22. After the flooding, people were suffering
in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,
medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
【考点】定语从句—关系代词
【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，
所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。【答案】B
【举一反三】由who引导的定语从句?
关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?
A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?
教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）?
The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?
能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。
（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
【2012四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students,
_____ half wear glasses.
in whom B. in them
C. of whom D. of them
【答案与解析】 C 本题考查定语从句。前后两句
话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them
而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生
当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
【2012陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has
won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
[2012陕西卷]【答案与解析】C 考查定语从句。
所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，
先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。
其余选项与题干不符。
【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work,
______ he often was，he would forget all about eating
or sleeping.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more
about later, I ended up working very late.
that B. which C. what D. when
【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中
作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和
你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【答案】B
【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
【2012天津卷】I wish to thank Professor Smith,
without_______ help I would never have got this far.
who B. whose C. whom D. which
句意为：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就
不会走得这么远。whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，
表示“……的”。考生容易误选C项，因为只看到了
without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，
而忽略了题干中的help。若选C项的话，
可去掉题干中的help。
C
1.(2011全国卷I) 31. The prize will go to the writer
________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
2.（2011全国卷II）7. Ted came for the weekend
wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a
stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
3.（2011北京卷）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack
than she was to the others, _________, of course,
make all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
4.(2011上海卷) 39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus
station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
5.（2011山东卷）32.The old town has narrow streets
and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. They B. where C. what D. that
6.（2011江西卷）34. She showed the visitors around
the museum, the construction _____had taken more
than three years.
for which B. with which
C. of which D. to which
7.（2011江苏卷）24. Between the two parts of the
concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy
ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
8.（2011安徽卷）28. Whatever is left over may be
put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two
or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
9.（2011浙江卷）8. English is a language shared by
several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat
differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
10.（2011浙江卷）10. A bank is the place ______ they
lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back
when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
11.（2011福建卷）24. She has a gift for creating an
atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to
communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
12.（2011四川卷）17. The school shop, ________
customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
13.（2011天津卷）10. The days are gone ________
physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
14.（2011陕西卷）11.I walked up to the top of the hill
with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid
view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
15.(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French
and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
（10福建24） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
答案：B考点：定语从句
解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。
2. （10湖南28） I've become good friends with several of
the students in my school I met in the
English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
答案：A考点：考查定语从句。
解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the
students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词
who，即A项。
3.（10江西31） The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister
______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
答案：A考点：考察定语从句。
解析：先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。
4. （10山东24）That’s the new machine ______
parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
答案：C考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。
解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并
且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。
5. （10山东38）Wind power is an ancient source of
energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
答案：C考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句
解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an
ancient source of energy which\that we may return to in the near future.
6.（10天津8）Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut
You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
答案：C. 考点：考查定语从句。
句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？
—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。
解析：句中the barber’s 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。
7．（10四川10）After graduating from college，I took some
time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
答案：B 考点：考查定语从句。
解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替
前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间
去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
8. （10全国Ⅰ24） As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,
_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
答案：A句意：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村
学校学习。
解答：根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，
且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所
修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关
系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性
定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。
9. （10江苏32）The newly built café, the walls of
_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful
place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
10. （ 10陕西11）
The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. Whose
答案：D. 考点：考查定语从句。
解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，
用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
11. （10全国Ⅱ16）I refuse to accept the blame for
something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
答案：B
考点：定语从句。
解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。
12. （北京27） Children who are not active or
diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
答案：B考点: 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。
解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。
较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此
只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。
选B. whose谁的，符合题意。
15.（重庆28）In china, the number of cities is increasing _____development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
答案C 考点：考查定语从句。
解析： development与先行词cities之间是所属关系,所以选whose。
句意：在中国，城市的数量在增加,城市的发展被全世界意识到。
16．（10浙江3）
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
答案：A 考点：本题考查定语从句引导词。
解析：由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，
排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，
故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的
许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.
A. that B. what C. who D. whether
2. Is there anything else _____ you want
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3. The last place _____ we visited was
the Great Wall.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
Choose the best answers:
4. Please take the second chair __ is over
there.
A. where B. which C. who D. that
5. Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
6. Finally, the thief handed everything
_____ he had stolen to the police.
(NMET98’)
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
7. All of the flowers now raised here have
developed from those ____ in the forest.
A. once the grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew.
8. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
9. The weather turned out to be very good,
____ was more than we expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten
windows; most of ____ hadn’t been
cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait.
2. The man to _____ I spoke was a
foreigner.
3. I know a boy ______ father is an
acrobat. (杂技演员)
4. He saw a house _____ windows were
all broken.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
who
whom
whose
whose
5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by
wild boars.
6. Can you think of anyone ____ could
look after him
7. This is the best hotel ____ I know.
8. He showed a machine _____ parts are too small to be seen.
that
that
that
which
9. Look at that lady ______ name is Pochi.
10. He is a teacher _________ I like very much.
11. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
12. Those _____ will go to the park stay here.
13. That was all the money ______ I had.
whose
whom/that
which/that
who
that
16. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
14. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
15. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.
that / which
that / who
which /that
19. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher.
17. A house __________ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.
18. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake.
which / that
who/whom/that
whose
基础练习
1. Is that the house ____ you bought last year A. where B. which
2. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing at A. which B.where
3. It is the most interesting book ___ I’ll ever read. A. which B. that
B
B
A
4. The street ___ is to the park is very
narrow. A. where B. which
5. The person ___ finds my watch will get
a reward. A. who B. when
6. This is the room __ we listened to the
lecture. A. which B. where
B
A
B
7. The boy ___ mother is ill can not
come to the party.
A. who B. whose
8. Tell me the reason ___ you are late.
A. which B. why
B
B
9. Tom is the first boy _____ left the room.
10. Look at the boy and his dog _____ are coming this way.
11. You can read any book _____ I have.
12. That was the year _____ I went to America.
13. we came to the town, ______ we stayed for 2 hours.
that
that
that
when
where
翻译
1. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。
He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.
2. 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
I don’t know the girl whom/that you speak to.
3. 她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
She is a girl who is called Mary.
4. 那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。
Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.
5. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天
Do you remember the day when we arrived here
请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
where → that/which或去掉where。
把for放在looking之后。英语中, 有些短语动词, 介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如: look after, run into等。
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
whom
尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。
which
5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
which
that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
which → that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
which → that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时, 常用that引导定语从句。
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
如果先行词既指人又指物时, 常用that引导定语从句。
that
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, all等时, 常由that引导定语从句。
which → that或去掉which。
which
巩固练习： 选择合适的关系代词（that, which, who, whose）填空。
1. He ______ laughs last laughs best.
2. February is the only month ______ has
fewer than 30 days.
3. There are people ______ only on-line activity is emailing.
4. The books _________ I bought were expensive.
5. I have a class ______ begins at 8:00 am.
who
that
whose
which/that
which
6. The man ___ sat next to me talked a lot.
7. The student ______ raised her hand in class asked the teacher a question.
8. Over there is the woman ______ daughter is in my class.
9. That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician.
10. Everything ______ we saw was of great interest to us.
who
who
whose
whose
that
