课件78张PPT。 Unit 5
Nelson MandelaPeriod 1
Important words& expressions学习提纲:
话题
1.The qualities of a great person(伟人的品质)
2．The lives of some great people(一些伟人的生活)
功能
1.Asking for opinions(征求意见)
2．Giving opinions(发表意见)
语法
The Attributive Clause (Ⅱ)(where，when，why，
prep.＋which/whom)定语从句(2)(由where，when，
why，prep.＋which/whom引导)
重点单词
quality，mean，active，principle，mankind，lawyer，devote，found，fee，hopeful，willing，vote，attack，equal，escape，educate，beg，reward，sentence (vt.)，opinion重点短语
lose heart，in trouble，turn to，out of work，as a matter of fact，blow up，come to power，set up，be sentenced to
重点句型
1....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
记忆有方quality quantity mean generous devote devoted to devote out of work out of attack under attack in trouble ask for trouble to employment come to power reward rewarded with in one’s opinion as far as one is concerned lose heart punishment/being punished selfish selfless legal illegal violence violent educate educated beggar cruelty opinion quality principle president easy-going devoted to As a matterequal in trouble out of work lost heart escape of factviolence blew up turn to legal Hopefully educated come to power peaceful 学习有道quality n.质量；品质(用于人)；性质 quantity数量
【常见搭配】
(be) of poor quality质量差
(be) of high/good quality质量好、高
in quality 在质量上 in quantity在数量上
I want meat of the best quality.我要质量最好的肉。
Quality matters more than quantity.质量比数量重要。
The shop sold goods of both high and low quality.
这家商店出售的货物良莠不齐。
He examined the quality of the furniture carefully.
他仔细检查了家具的质量。
Modesty is one of his good qualities. 谦虚是他的美德之一。
We should keep the fine qualities of the working people.
我们应该保持劳动人民的优良品质。
One quality of wood is that it can burn. 木料的一个特点是能燃烧。练一练 (2) 他是一个很有素养/素质的人。
He is a man of ______________.
(3) 质量比数量更重要。
__________matters more than ________.运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。quantitygood qualityQuality⑴我们应该保持劳动人民的优良品质。
We should keep the fine qualities of the working people. 2.mean英音：[mi:n] adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
【常见搭配】
be mean over /about sth.对某物吝啬、小气
be mean to sb.对某人刻薄
vt.意指,意谓,意图,打算 ;有...的意义
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
be meant to do sth.要做，必须做
What do you mean by….?你说、做…….是什么意思？
Her husband is very mean over / about money.
她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
He apologized for being mean to me.
It is mean of you to do that .I didn’t mean to hurt you. I had meant to help you. 我不是想伤害你，我是想帮帮你呀。 Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour. 错过了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
We’ re meant to write our names at the top of the paper. （按照规定）我们应该把姓名写在考卷上方。
What do you mean by saying that？你这样说是什么意思？派生：act v.& n.行动 actively adv.积极地；活跃地
activity n.活动 actor n.男演员3.active adj.积极的；活跃的be active in ...在某方面很积极，很活跃
1) 活跃的; 活泼的
Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.
布朗太太已八十多岁, 现在不大活动了。
2) 积极的; 勤奋的He became an active social reformer.
他成了一位积极的社会改革家。
3) 在活动中的; 在进展中的
Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano.
维苏威是一座活火山。⑴ He lives an ________ (act) life.
⑵ Abraham Lincoln was active___ politics.运用：根据句子意义完成下列句子。active in4.generous英音：['d?en?r?s] adj. 慷慨的；大方的 慷慨的,大方的[(+with/in/to)] She is generous in giving help. 她乐于助人。 He was generous to everybody with money. 他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。
宽宏大量的,宽厚的[(+to/towards)] He is generous towards his students. 他待学生很宽厚。
大量的;丰富的;丰盛的 She gave me a generous lunch. 她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。5.self 英音：[self] n. 自我；自身
selfish adj. 自私的 selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地
阅读下列句子，注意self及相关词的意思。
1. She has no thought of self.他从不考虑个人得失。
2. Do you think the kids born in the 1990’s are selfish?
3. We all like the selfless young man.
4. The volunteers worked selflessly to help the people injured in the earthquake.
5.She hates her former self. 她痛恨过去的她。
6.She is a selfish girl. 她是个自私自利的女孩。
7.George is a brave and selfless man. 乔治是一个勇敢无私的人。
1.构成反身代词。如：我自己myself你自己yourself ；
2. 作前缀。self-taught自学的；self-confident自信的self-control自制力。6．devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
【归纳总结】
devote one’s time/life/energy to...把时间/一生/精力用于……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
=be devoted to 专心于；致力于
devotion n. 深爱、忠于。devotee n. 献身某事物的人
【思维拓展】
在短语 devote... to 中 to 为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：
look forward to 期盼； get down to 开始着手做；
be/get used to 习惯于； stick to，prefer...to...，
be/get accustomed to 习惯于；
lead to 导致；pay attention to 注意；object to 反对。阅读下列句子，注意devote的意思和搭配。
1. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
2. The scientist devoted himself to the scientific work.
3. He is devoting all his time and energy to writing a novel.
4. Devoted to the football game on TV, Mike didn’t notice my coming.
She devotes all her spare time to doing what she really enjoys.
她将所有的业余时间都用在做她真正喜欢的事情上。
The ecologist devoted himself to his research work.
这位生态学家全力倾注于他的研究工作。
【学情诊断】
(1)用devote的适当形式填空
①We should ????????????? every effort to helping the disabled.
②He has always shown great ?????????????????? to his children.
③From the beginning of this term we have been ???????????????
to our study because this year plays a key part in high
school.
(4)The determined mother has devoted all she has to ??????
her son out of trouble.
A．helping
B．help
C．have helped
D．having helpeddevote devotion devoted 【牛刀小试】
1.四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。
For four years he devoted himself to music.
2.他献身于帮助穷人。
He devoted himself to helping the poor.
3.你不应该把闲暇时间用在玩电脑游戏上。
You shouldn’t devote your spare time to playing computer games.
4.王医生致力于癌症的治疗。
Dr. Wang devoted himself to the cure for cancer.
5.医护人员应该致力于照料病人。
Doctors and nurses should devote themselves to caring for the sick.7．found vt.创立；创办；建立；奠定……基础
The hospital was founded last year.
这家医院是去年创办的。
Einstein founded the theory of relativity.
爱因斯坦创立了相对论。
________ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A．Being founded B．It was founded
C．Founded D．Founding
[解析]Founded in 1636是过去分词短语，在句中作状语，和句子主语 Harvard 之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
[答案]C
8.mankind英音：[m?n‘kaind]n. 人类
【同义辨析】 man， mankind， human being
man一般以单数形式出现（现在也有人以复数men表示“人类”），其前不能置任何限定词，其相应的代词应是he, him, his, himself。例如：The changes between the states have been used by man to work for him since ancient times. 自古以来，人类就利用这两种状态的变化为自己服务。Engels pointed out a hundred years ago that labour created man himself. 恩格斯一百多年以前就指出，劳动创造了人类本身。
mankind前也不可加任何限定词，但可用形容词修饰。
它是集合名词，可作单数或复数使用。作单数概念时，
谓语要用单数，其相应的代词一般为it, its, itself(也有人
用he ,him, his, himself);作复数概念时，谓语要用复数，
其相应的代词是they, them, their, themselves。例如：
Mankind is much cleverer than it was one thousand
years ago. 人类比一千年前是聪明多了。All progressive
mankind love peace. 所有进步人类都热爱和平。That is
one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind.
对于个人来说那是小小的一步，但对于整个人类来说却
是一次巨大的飞越。
human being也可表示“人类”，它是可数名词，有单复数之分。
其意义比较具体，它一般用来区别人以外的事物，特别是动物
或者是“神”，“鬼”之类。例如：Without its light and warmth
there would be neither plants nor animals nor human beings.
没有光和热，就不可能有植物，动物，也不可能有人类。
Although the Negroes were human beings just like the whites,
they were not treated as human beings. 尽管黑人和白人一样
都是属于人类，但是他们并没有被当作人对待。9.guidance [’ga?dns] n. 指导；领导
We would appreciate guidance from an expert in this field. 我们将欢迎该领域专家的指导。
He did the work with his teacher’s guidance.
他在老师的指导 下做完了这件工作。
guide [gaid] 名词 n. [C]向导,导游;指导者 A guide will show you round the Palace. 一位导游将陪你们参观宫殿。
及物动词 vt. 引导;指导
He guided the company through the difficulties. 他带领公司渡过了难关。
为...领路;带领
Martin guided him to the reception-room. 马丁将他领到接待室。 10.fee英音：[fi:] n. 费（会费、学费等）；酬金名词 n. (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]
I‘m afraid I can’t afford the doctor‘s fee. 恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。
They charge a small registration fee. 他们收一点注册费。
及物动词 vt. 付费(或小帐)给 She feed the waiter. 她付给侍者小费。
区别：fee和fare
fare: 指乘坐交通工具的费用。
My family could not continue to pay the
school fees and the bus fare.11．out of work 失业= lose one’s job = be unemployed
be at work 在工作 lose one’s job失业（表示动作）
常用作表语,定语或补足语。
He has been out of work for a year.他已经失业一年了。
out-of-work名词 adj. 失业者;失业的
in work 有工作 Is her husband in work?
我弟弟担心自己不久会失去工作。
My brother is worried about whether he will be out of work/will lose his job/work soon。
out of 意为“在…之外”,“向…外”;表示失去, 没有, 用完; 不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in
① The little boy ran out of the room.
② He took my books out of my schoolbag.
③ Don’t run into the room.
④ Can you put your raincoat in your pocket? 【思维拓展】
out of a job 失业 out of control 失去控制
out of fashion 过时 out of kindness 出于好心
out of order 出了故障 out of date 过时的
out of place 不合适 out of danger 脱离危险
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
out of sight 看不见 out of reach 够不到的
out of condition 身体不佳 out of shape 走样；变形
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of patience 不耐烦 out of petrol 汽油用完了out of use 没用了 out of repair 无法修葺
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
[解析]句意：在车站，那位母亲向她的女儿挥手告别，直到火车从视野中消失。out of sight 看不见。
[答案]A12. hope v.& n. 希望
____________adj.有希望的__________adj.没有希望的
__________adv.有希望_________ adv.无望地，绝望地
I feel ⑴ ________ (hope) that the New Hope Primary
School will be completed this month, but he feels
⑵ ________ (hope). I hope that all school-age children
can study at school.
hopefulhopelesshopefullyhopelessly hopefulhopeless 13．vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
【常见搭配】
vote for/against投票赞成、反对
vote on 就…. 投票/对….表决
vote out投票罢免某人
vote down投票否决
vote sth. through表决通过
vote to do sth.投票/倡议/建议做某事
vote that...提议/建议……
The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。
He has been voted the most valuable player of the season.
他已经当选为本赛季最有价值的运动员。
When did women get the right to vote in that country?
那个国家的妇女是在什么时候获得选举权的？
There were 400 votes for Mr.Black，and 350 against.
400票支持布莱克先生，350票反对。There were 16 votes in favor of my suggestion,
and 15 against. 十六票赞成我的建议,十五票反对。
选举权,投票权[the S]
In that country, people get the vote at the age of 18. 在那个国家,人们年满十八岁获得选举权。
不及物动词 vi. 投票;表决;选举[(+for/against/on)]
As we don’t agree with each other on this matter,
let's vote on it.
因为我们在这件事上无法取得同意,我们表决吧。
Vote for the man you can trust. 选你能信赖的人。
People voted against Henry. 人们投票反对亨利。
及物动词 vt. 投票决定;投票同意;选举
They voted her their headmistress.
他们选她做校长。14. attack英音：[?‘t?k] vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击;
(努力地)着手干n.进攻；攻击；病情发作
【常见搭配】
(1) be under attack 遭到攻击
make an attack on/ against攻击，袭击
air attack空袭
a heart attack心脏病发作
a surprise attack突然袭击
(2)attack sb.with sth.用……攻击某人
attack sb.for sth.抨击某人某事
(3)attacker n．攻击者
At dawn the army attacked (made an attack on) the town.军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击。
The planes began their attack on the city.
飞机开始攻击这个城市。The doctor predicted that the disease that often attacks children would be prevented.
医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病。
The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.
这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。
The enemy attacked our airport all night.
敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。
He tried to attack the problem from different angles.
他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题。
The governor was attacked by the press for failing
to keep a campaign promise. 州长因没能履行一项竞选时的承诺而受新闻界抨击。
比较：attract vt. 吸引
⑴ The beauty of the West Lake _____ _ me.
⑵ The Japanese ________ China in 1937.attractsattacked15.violence英音：[‘vai?l?ns] n. 暴力；暴行 ；冒犯;破坏
The dictator ruled with violence.
独裁者实施暴政。
The wind blew with great violence.
风异常猛烈地吹着。
He closed the door with violence.
他猛然将门关上。
These modern boxlike buildings do violence
to the beauty of the old city.
这些现代的盒式建筑破坏了古城的美丽市容。16.as a matter of fact事实上
as a matter of fact=in fact =actually= in truth / practice
=in actual fact =in reality=in effect= as it is
事实上,实际上
【思维拓展】
actually 事实上 in fact 事实上
in reality 事实上；实际上 in truth 事实上；的确
As a matter of fact, I‘ve never been there before.
事实上我从未到过那儿。
As a matter of fact, I know nothing about it .
事实上，你完全有理由拒绝他的无理要求。
As a matter of fact，you have enough reasons to refuse his unreasonable requests.
As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth. She pretended to be calm but ________ she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned.
A．in actual B．actually
C．as matter of fact D．in a fact
[解析]句意：她假装平静但实际上在被提问时她十分紧张。 actually 实际上，相当于 in fact, as a matter of fact。[答案]B
They hoped to finish the kitchen by Friday，but it is they’ll probably have to come back next week. asa matter of ……的问题；大约……
to make matters worse更糟的是
no matter what(which，when...)无论什么(哪一个，何时…)
It matters(to sb.)whether/if...(对某人而言)…是重要的17 .blow up 固定词组 ph. 使充气；爆炸
【常见搭配】
blow away彻底战胜
blow off轻视
blow out吹灭，熄灭
blow over刮倒，吹倒
(1)使充气
Be sure to blow up the tyres before you set off.
务必把轮胎打足气才能出发。
Stop at the gas station and we’ll blow up the tyres.
在加油站停一下，我们要给轮胎打气。
(2)爆炸，炸毁
The bridge was blown up. 桥被炸毁了。
He attempted to blow up the bridge.他企图炸毁桥梁。18 .equal adj. 相等的；平等的
adj.相同的,同样的,相等的(the same in...)；
平等的;同等的;相当的;能胜任的(fit；capable);能应付的
n.同等的人;相等物;v.与…相等,等于(be the same in...)；
比得上；抵得过(be as good as...)
equally adv. 均等地;相等地;平等地 equality n. 平等
【用法总结】
be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任做某事
be equal in在……方面相等 be equal with与……平等
of equal importance 同等重要的
of equal size/height/length 同等大小/高度/长度的
without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌
A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
They are of equal height. 他们一样高。
No man equals him in strength. 没有谁的力气比得上他。①In the sight of God，the rich are equal with the poor.
在上帝眼中，富人和穷人是平等的。
②这等于说他是个骗子。
This is equal to saying that he’s a cheat.
③我不能胜任这项工作。
I’m not equal to the position.
My uncle believes that all men are born _______ (equal). But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called _______ (equal) doesn’t really mean _______ (equal) rights for all people.温馨提示：①be equal to结构中，to为介词
②equal的反义词为：unequal
③equality的反义词是inequalityequalequalityequal 猜猜下列句子中equal的词性及意思。
1）Now everybody had an equal chance.
2）Women are equals of men.
3）Four times five equals twenty.
4）All countries, big and small, should be equal.同等的平等的人等于平等的An hour is equal to sixty minutes.
一小时等于60 分钟。
I think he is equal to （doing）the job.
我人为他能生人这个工作。
Each song is equally important to me.
每首歌对我来说都是同样中要的。
All men are born equal.所有的人生来都是平等的。
There is an equal number of boys and girls in
the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。 [学情诊断]
(1)用equal的适当形式填空
①Men and women have rights in China.
②He is my in strength.
③Don’t you believe in between men and women?
④No one him in strength.
⑤Diet and exercise are important.
(6)I don’t think he is equal this kind of work,
so I can’t hire him.
A．in doing B．doing
C．to do D．to doing
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
She treats the people who work for her as her
equals. equalequalequalityequalsequally19.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
【思维拓展】
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自找苦吃
have trouble with sth. 某方面有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境
make trouble 惹事；捣乱;制造麻烦
save/ spare trouble省事、避免麻烦
take trouble to do sth. 费力做某事；不辞辛苦地做某事
put sb. to trouble 麻烦某人
No trouble at all (口语)一点也不麻烦，没什么
get sb.into trouble使某人陷入困境
put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人干某事
阅读下列句子，注意trouble短语的意思及用法。
1. If you don’t try to do your homework yourself, you will be in trouble.
2. Do you have any trouble (in) writing the article?
3. Don’t ask for trouble until trouble troubles you.
4. It’s very kind of you to take the trouble to help me.
5. If you make trouble again, I’ll send you home.
He has trouble ________ her to
change her mind.
A．in persuading B．to persuade
C．persuade D．persuaded
[解析]have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难。
[答案]A用以上所讲短语的适当形式完成句子。
1. Some of our classmates always talk or
____________ in class.
2. Do you _____________ learning English?
3. You’re very kind to ________________
answer the question.
4. Do as you’re told, or you’ll be ________.
5. Driving after drinking wine is
__________________.make troublehave trouble intake the trouble toin troubleasking for trouble20.willing【‘wili? 】adj. 愿意的, 乐意的，出于自愿的
____________adv.愿意地 ____________adj.不愿意的
be willing to do sth. 愿意干某事
They are willing to come.他们愿意来。
We received willing help. 我们得到了志愿的援助。
Are you willing to do public service work without pay?
I’m willing to help you.
I’m quite willing for your brother to join us.
⑴ Will，a young man of strong will，believes that nothing is impossible to a ________ (will) heart.
⑵ “Why are you ________ (will) to accept this wonderful opportunity? ” asked the boss on the phone.
willinglyunwillingwillingunwilling21．turn to 求助于；转向；翻到；转行(做)
(其中 to 为介词，不是不定式符号)
开始，着手(start)；向……求助(go to...for...)
Turn to the left and you will find the post office.
向左转，你会找到邮局的。
You can turn to him for help.
你们可以求助于他。
[例句] 猜猜下列句子中turn to的含义。
1). He turns to the dictionary whenever he meets a new word.
2). One can always turn to music for comfort.
3). She had no one to turn to for advice.
4). When it freezes water turns to ice.
5). Let’s turn our attention to the matter at hand.
6). Mary turned to and studied for the test.查阅（某书），求助于（1，2）找（某人寻求帮助等）变成（把）……转向“努力干”注意turn的搭配和意义
①Turn on/off/up/down the radio.
②She turned over and went to sleep.
③He turned the business over to his daughter-in-law.
④She is a stranger here and has nobody to turn to.
⑤He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down.
She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to ________.
A．turn to B．look for
C．deal with D．talk about
[解析]句意：她新买的电脑使用起来很困难，但她不知道向谁求助。 turn to 求助于；look for 寻找； deal with 处理； talk about 谈论。
[答案]A【思维拓展】
turn on 打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)
turn off 关掉(自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等)
turn in 交还；归还
turn down 拒绝；调低(热度、音量等)
turn up 出现；发生；放大；调高(声音等)
turn sth. upside down 把某物弄翻
turn a deaf ear to 不听；不理睬；置若罔闻
turn back 折回；往回走；阻止；阻挡；使折回
turn into 变成；变得；翻译成 turn against 反对
turn away 转过脸去；转换方向；不准……入内
turn out 结果(是)；证明(是)；生产；制造；培养出
turn over 翻转过来；翻；仔细考虑；翻阅
in turn 依次；轮流 take turns 依次；轮流
take one's turn 该某人做……了从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I always _____ Frank whenever I am in trouble here.
A. turn off B. turn to
C. turn down D. turn on
2. He was poor but proud, and ____ every offer of help.
A. turned on B. turned to
C. turned off D. turned down
3. Father is sleeping in the next room. Would you please ______ the radio?
A. turn off B. turn to
C. turn up D. turn onBDA 22 . lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
【常用短语】
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上某人；倾心于某人
lose one's way 迷路
lose temper 发脾气
lose one's patience 失去耐心
break one’s heart 伤某人的心
from the bottom of sb’s heart 从某人的心底，衷心地
put one’s heart into… 全身心地投入……
heart and soul 全心全意地
a heavy heart 沉重的心情
learn/know by heart 记熟 阅读下列句子，注意含heart的短语。
1. Never lose heart and believe everything will be better in the future.
2. The army serves the people heart and soul.
3. It’s necessary to learn words by heart.
[总结归纳]
lose heart丧失勇气和信心；
heart and soul全部心思,全心全意地,完全地learn sth. by heart记熟、非常熟悉。
lose heart丧失勇气或信心=(lose confidence)
【学情诊断】
(1)????????????????????????????? (不要丧失信心) whatever happens.
(2)I want to thank you ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????
(衷心地).
(3)He ????????????????????????????? (爱上) the girl at first sight.
(4)You have to ????????????????????????????????????????????????? (把这乐曲全背下来).Don’t lose heart from the bottom of my heart lost his heart to learn all the music by heart [即学即练]
用以上短语填空。
1. My teacher often encourages me not to ______.
2. I believe with my ______ that we will overcome the difficulty.
3. Actors have to learn their lines ______.
Whenever we are in ________ trouble, we should never lose ________ heart.
A．a; the B．a; a
C．/；/ D．/; the
[解析]in trouble 处于困境中；lose heart 失去信心。
[答案]Close heartheart and soulby heart 23.escape vi. & n．逃脱；逃走；泄露（常与from连用）
【常用表达】
escape from/out of... 从……逃出、脱/漏出 ,逃避
escape +n./doing 避免/ 逃避(做)某事
have a narrow/near escape死里逃生；
a fire escape消防通道 escape death 死里逃生
escape one's notice 没注意
sth. escape (s) sb.某事被某人遗忘；未被注意
make one’s escape逃跑，逃走 escaped adj.逃跑了的
a narrow escape九死一生，幸免于难；侥幸逃脱
escape punishment免于受罚escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
escape from prison越狱escape from reality逃避现实
escape from/out of a burning building从着火的建筑物逃出
escape being punished免于受惩罚阅读下列句子，注意escape的意思和搭配。
1. Anyone who was able to escape from the burning building was lucky enough.
2. The gas is escaping from a small hole in the pipe.
3. She escaped death by inches when the accident happened.
4. She had a narrow escape in the accident.
5. As soon as he turned his back, she would make her escape.
She managed to escape from the burning car.
她成功地从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
His name escapes me.我记不起他的名字了。【即学即用】
I.根据括号内的提示完成句子。
1. The teacher didn’t find out the truth, so Tom ______ (逃脱了惩罚).
2. ______ (逃避现实) is not the way of solving problems.
3. He was one of the nine men who
______ (从监狱逃跑) in July.
4. The thief jumped into a car and
______ (逃跑了). escaped punishment / being punished Escaping (from) reality escaped from the prison made his / her escape ⑴ Two of the prisoners have escaped ____ the prison.
⑵ He escaped _______________ (punish).
⑶ 恐怕一时我想不起你的名字。
I’m afraid your name __________ now.II.用适当的词填空或按提示完成句子。escapes mefrombeing punishedMike often attempts to escape ________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A．having been fined B．to have been fined
C．to be fined D．being fined
[解析]escape 后跟 v．-ing 形式做宾语。[答案]D24 .educate vt.教育；训练
___________n. 教育家；教育工作者
___________ adj.教育的 ___________n. 教育
⑴ She __________ (educate) in England in the 1930s.
⑵ An__________ (educate) must first educate himself.
⑶ She has had a good__________ (educate).educatoreducationaleducation was educated educatoreducation 25.come to power 当权；上台
【常用表达】
come to power= come into power当权；上台
be in power执政，掌权
return to power 重新执政
take /seize power夺取政权
lose power下台，失去权利
within one’s power某人力所及的
beyond / out of one’s power（某人）力所不及的
【特别提示】
come to/into power 表动作，为短暂性动词短语，不可与一段时间连用;若与一段时间连用则改为 be in power。
Things have changed a lot since he came to power.
自他执政以来，情况发生了很大变化。
Which party is in power now?现在是哪个党执政？
President Obama came into power in 2009.
总统奥巴马于2009年上台执政。
It has been five years since this party ________. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
A．has come to power
B．came to power
C．has been in power
D．in power
[解析]since 后的从句与一般过去时连用。
[答案]B
26.beg vt. 请求；乞求；乞讨 vi.请求；乞求
派生：beggar n 乞丐；乞讨者
【常用表达】 beg for sth.乞讨(什么)，请求
beg sb. for sth.向某人恳求某物
beg sth. from/of sb.向…乞讨…；向… 请求…
beg sb. to do sth.请求（某人）做某事
I beg your pardon.请原谅；请再说一遍。
beg sb’s pardon请求某人原谅(句子读降调)；求某人重复所说的话(句子读升调.)
From whom did he beg this money? 他向谁讨到这钱的?
I beg that neither of you will say anything. 我请求你们谁也别说了。 She begged him to remain at home. 她恳求他呆在家里。
The blind man begged for a living. 那个盲人以乞讨为生。
The criminal begged for mercy. 那个罪犯恳求饶恕。 运用：用适当的词填空或按提示完成句子。⑴ The prisoner begged _____ mercy.
⑵ She gave the_______ (beg)some money.
⑶ 我请求你不要把那件事告诉我父亲。
I beg you _____________________________.not to tell my father about that for beggar27. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的
_______ adv 残忍地，残酷地_________n. 残忍，残酷
It is no excuse to say that dangerous creatures deserve
to be treated ⑴ ______ (cruel) on account of their own
⑵_______ (cruel), they are not really ⑶_____ (cruel)，
for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness，
but because they must do so in order to live.
cruellycrueltycruellycruelty cruel28. reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏
【常用表达】 offer a reward悬赏
reward sb. with sth.奖给/ 回报某人某物
reward sb.for (doing) sth.因做某事奖赏某人
sb. be rewarded for (doing) sth.某人因做某事得到奖赏
as a reward for意为“作为……的奖赏/报酬”
in reward 作为报答;作为……的报酬
without hope of reward 没有获得报酬的希望
He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
1. He was given a medal as a reward for her services
2. She offered a reward of 20,000 yuan for information about her lost son.
3. I shall reward him for his services.
4. He rewarded the excellent worker with a prize.“作为……的奖赏”“因……酬谢某人”⑴ 老师奖给优胜者一些糖果。
The teacher _____________________ some sweets.
⑵ 他因帮助他们而获得一笔酬金。
He got a reward ___ helping them.
(3)The young girl was offered a free trip to Hainan ______
(作为奖赏) her great achievement.
(4) I wonder how you will ______
(酬谢他) his help.练一练：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。for rewarded winners with as a reward for reward him for 1) 完成句子
①He received a medal .
他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。
②I don’t expect anything .
我不指望得到任何酬谢。
③We our lost cat.
他把我们丢失的猫找了回来，我们因此奖赏了他。
④The school in
his studies.他因学习成绩优秀而受到学校的奖赏。
2) 用award，reward，prize的适当形式填空
(1)He received a of $900 from the police for
catching the criminal.
(2)The winner was a gold medal.
(3)He won the first in the singing contest.in reward for his braveryin rewardrewarded him for findingrewarded him with a prize for excellencerewardawardedprize /award区别：award，reward， prize award vt.授予正式荣誉(如文学奖) ,颁发,判给;
n.奖品,赠品,奖励(强调荣誉),与prize(奖金)近义.
be awarded for...因…而受奖 award sb.sth.颁发给某人某物
prize n.指比赛后获得的奖章（一等奖二等奖三等奖）
vt. “珍视，珍藏；估价，评价” .
reward n. 指你帮了别人后获得的报酬（如你救了别人后别人给你报酬）vt. 只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。
1.他们答谢她的帮助。 They rewarded her for her help.
2.她的努力使她获得了事业的成功。
Her efforts were rewarded with success in career.
3.他们授予他诺贝尔奖。
They awarded her the Nobel Prize.
4.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.29．set up 设立；建立
They set up a spare-time study group.
他们成立了业余学习小组。
The government will set up another hospital here.
政府要在这里另建一家医院。
阅读下列句子，注意set up的不同意思。
1. A new organization has been set up to help the refugees难民 .
2. A memorial was set up in Tiananmen Square.
3. Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.
说明：set up在句1中的英文释义是to start a company, organization, committee etc., 即建立、成立(机构、组织、公司等)；在句2、句3中的英文释义则是build, put up，意为“建起、立起来”。【归纳拓展】
set about doing/set out to do sth.着手做某事
set out to do 同set about doing着手、开始做……
set off(for a place)动身,出发(前往某地);引爆,引发
set out(for a place)动身、出发｛同set off｝、开始。
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
set sth. apart (for sth.)留出，拨出(专用)
set down放下；记下set oneself against反对，与…对抗
【辨析】set out和set off都有出发的意思,区别:
set off更含开始(旅行、赛跑等）的意思，例：
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
你明天打算几点钟启程？
They‘ve set off on a journey round the world.
他们已经开始环游世界。
set out意思是从某地出发上路 例：
She set out at dawn.她天一亮就动身了。【即学即练】
根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。
1. 他们建立了一个小实验室，把所有的业余时间都投入到这个工作中。(set up; devote)
They set up a small laboratory and devoted all their spare time to this work.
2. 你知道怎样着手进行救援工作吗? (set about)
Do you know how to set about doing the rescue work?
3. 医疗队昨天出发去四川了。(set off)
The medical team set off for Sichuan yesterday. ①They ?????????? ?????? some food for the hungry refugees.
他们为饥饿的难民拨出了一些食品。
②They ?????????????? some stones as land marks.
他们竖起一些石头当界碑。
③He ????????????????????????????? to us in study.
他在学习方面给我们树立了榜样。
④A new school was in the village last year.
A. held up B. brought up
C. sent up D. set up
⑤He to do his homework the moment he got home.
A. set up B. set out
C. set about D. set inset apart set up set an example 30.sentence vt. 判决；宣判，n.句子[C]判决
【常见表达】
(1)sentence vt.判决；宣判 n．判决；句子
(2)sentence sb.to death/life imprisonment/some time in prison判处某人死刑/终身监禁/……刑期
be sentenced to 被判处……（徒刑）
sentence sb. to sth. 判处某人….. （徒刑）
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
(3)a prison sentence判处监禁
be under sentence of death被判处死刑
pass / pronounce sentence宣判
a death /life/ heavy /light sentence 死刑,无期徒刑,重判,轻判
He was sentenced to death. 他被判死刑。
The sentence was ten years in prison. 判决是十年徒刑。
A sentence usually contains a subject and a verb.
句子通常包括主语和动词。
He was sentenced to three years in prison.
他被判处3年徒刑。
The judge sentenced the prisoner to death.
法官判决这名犯人死刑。
The judge passed sentence.法官宣布了判决。31.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张
【常见表达】
give /express one’s opinion on/upon对…发表意见
have no opinion of sb./sth.认为某人、事不行
have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.
对……评价好/不好/高/低
in one‘s opinion ＝ in the opinion of sb. 依……看来
What's your opinion of the plan?
你对这个计划的看法如何？
Believe it or not, my opinions are based on facts.
信不信由你，我的意见是基于事实的。
In my opinion, you should go there by yourself.
依我看来，你应该亲自去那儿。⑴ 不同的人有不同的看法。
Different people________________________ .
⑵ 依我看，中国最终会成为一个超级大国(superpower)。
China will eventually become a superpower ________________ .
（3）对这件事各人看法不一。
Opinions differ on this matter. 练一练： 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。in my opinion have different opinions 课件26张PPT。 Unit 5
Nelson MandelaPeriod 2
Important sentences 记忆有方
课文句型背诵
1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress…
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，
阻挡我们的进步……
2.They were not cleverer than me，but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我聪明，但他们却通过了考试。
3.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常
艰难的时期。
4．Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
我第一次向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。
6．After trying hard，I got a job in a gold mine.
几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。
7．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
那是1952年，曼德拉是我去寻求帮助的黑人律师。
8. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep．
在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。
学习有道
1．A great person is someone who devotes his/her whole life to helping others。
伟大的人物是能把自己的终生奉献给别人的人。
2. He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. 经过多年斗争他于1911在中国创建了第一个共和国。
found (founded, founded) 建立，创建
find (found, found)发现
The hospital was founded in 1920.
Have you found your missing pen?
They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。
His theory is founded on facts.
他的理论建立在事实的基础上。3. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。
believe in 信任，信仰
Do you believe in God?
We believe in our government.
believe sb. = believe what sb. says
相信某人的话
believe in sb. 信任某人
I believe what he said because I believe in him.4. He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。
1）give up 表示主动放弃或屈服
He has decided to give up smoking.
give in 表示被动屈服或认输，后面不带宾语
You can’t win the game, so you may as well give in.
free from 摆脱（不好的东西）的，无……的
Keep the children free from harm.
You should try to write sentences free from mistakes.练一练 give up + n./ pron./ v-ing
He won’t give up the experiment even if he has failed many times.
His father has given up smoking.
This is a good idea. You shouldn’t give it up.
She gave up her job to look after her mother.
2）in a peaceful way以和平的方式
Do not talk (in) that way.那样
(In) this way, you can remember the spelling.这样
Don’t stand in the /my way.碍事
He is better in some way (s).在某些方面
He picked a pen on the way to school.
在往…的路上5.He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. (L19，P33)句型：the first(+名词)to do sth.第一个做某事的……说明：first可换用second，last等。仿写：将下列句子译成英语。
⑴ 奥巴马是第一个当选为美国总统的黑人。
Obama is the first black to be elected as the president of the US.
⑵ 他总是第一个来而且最后一个离开教室。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave the classroom.
⑶ 他决不会干那种事。
He is the last (man) to do it.6. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
the time when 其中when 引起定语从句
This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
Do you still remember the time when we first met?
7.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
【句型分析】 这是一个并列复合句。在第二各分句中to whom I went for advice= whom I went to for advice。8. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
be…away有…远(指距离、时间)
1) 我家离这里只有两条街。
My house is only 2 blocks away from here.
2) 他的生日在两周以后。
His birthday is two weeks away.
in two weeks.
in two weeks’ time.9. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年里所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利, 阻挡我们的进步,直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【导学】1）see在此句意为“见证，目睹 ” ；(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受; 为某事发生之时，句型公式 时间、地点 ＋ see ＋事件 该句型意为“……见证了……”。某些动词(see, find, witness等) 主语有时不是人而是物, 即拟人用法, 使句子生动。可以意为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受，见证”。
(1)2010 saw the Shanghai World Expo
(见证了上海世博会)．(2)This old house has seen better days
(见证了过去的好时光)．
(3) Dusk (黄昏) found a boy crying in the street.
(4) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
(5)The city has seen many changes.
(6)The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents.
近几个月以来发生的交通事故越来越多了。
(7)Yesterday saw a terrible car accident in front of our school.昨天在我们学校门前发生了一场可怕的车祸
see还作“经历，目睹”，主语常为人。如：
Mandela saw a great deal of suffering in his long life.
曼德拉在他漫长的一生中经历了很多的痛苦。[仿写]
_______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(过去的30年见证了我国发生的巨大变化，到现在我们已经进入了在很多领域处于领先地位的时代。)The last thirty years have seen the great changes happened in our country, until now we have reached a stage where we share leading positions in many fields.”
2）where we have almost no rights at all是定语从
句，修饰a stage。当先行词是stage, situation等词
时，定语从句常用where, when或in which来引导。
At that time we had reached a stage where we had more
black readers than white readers.
Increasing poverty has led to a situation where the
poorest openly admit that they cannot afford to have
children.
[考例] Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ______ sight matters more than hearing. (天津 2007)
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
[点拨] 题意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。10. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. (P34)
[考点] 定语从句中in + which的用法。
[考例] Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
that B. by which C. which D. in which
[点拨] 由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。定语从句意为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以应选D项。
9. We were put in position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
[考点] 定语从句中in + which=where的用法。11. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed ... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 句型：Only + 状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)+部分倒装说明：当“only ＋ 状语”位于句首时，其后的主句要使用
部分倒装形式，即把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动
词提到主语前面。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
只有用这种方式你们才能学好英语。
Only then did she realize the mistake she had made.
直到那时她才意识到自己以前犯的错误。
Only when I came back was I informed of the news.
直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。Only in this way can I learn enough knowledge to be a
good teacher.
Only in this way can fewer patients suffer such pains
in hospital.
【特别提示】
(1)若句子为主从复合句,且 only ＋ 状语从句位于句首;
则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
(2)only 修饰主语时，不用倒装。
Only when I closed the door did I realize I left my
keys in my study.
直到我关上门，我才意识到我把钥匙忘在了书房里。
Only you can persuade him to give up smoking.
只有你才能说服他戒烟。
仿写：将下列句子译成英语。
⑴ 只是在那时我才明白学习英语的重要性。
Only then ____________ the importance of learning English.
⑵ 只有努力，我们才能成功。
Only ________________________________ can we succeed.with hard work/by working hard did I realize12. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。
1) should do & should have done
He should have come earlier.
You should come earlier tomorrow.
You should have written to your mother.
My teacher said I should study harder.
I should have studied harder when I was young.
【用法总结】
should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。
should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。
You should come earlier tomorrow.
I should have studied harder when I was young.13. They were not cleverer than me, but did pass their exam, I knew I could get a degree too. 由于他们不如我聪明而又确实通过了考试，我知道我也能获得学位。
【要点精析】did pass 为强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原行前加do, does, did.
Do be careful!
I do hope you have a merry Christmas!
He does speak English well!
He did come to see you.14.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。(L31，P38)句型：the first/second/third/last/next time ＋一般过去时/一般现在时【句式分析】
the first/second/third…time 本是名词短语，但有时可以用作连词词组。在这个句型公式中就是用作连词词组，引导一个时间状语从句，可以译成“第……次……的时候”，也可以改写成when引导的时间状语从句。表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词，主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)。上面句子中的 the first time I talked to a group 可换成
when I talked to a group for the first time。He lost his heart to her the first time he met her.
他对她一见钟情。
I thought him honest the first time I saw him.
我第一次见到他就认为他非常诚实。
【相关拓展】
1)every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，
(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，
而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
2) 表示“一……就……”的时间连词，主要有
the moment, the minute, the second, the instant，
immediately, directly, instantly, as soon as。如：
Tell him the news as soon as you see him.
你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.
他一到我就想见他。
I went home directly I had finished work.
我一干完活就回家了。
3)for the first time是介词短语,只可用作状语。
【活学活用】
(1)每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
(2)我一到北京就感觉耳目一新。
I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing.
4) This/That/It is the first time that ...(完成时态)
这/那是……第一次……仿写：将下列句子译成英语。
⑴ 我第一次见到他，就不得不为他的敬业精神所震撼。
___________________________，I was amazed at his devotion to his career.
⑵ 那天晚上是我人生第一次获奖。
I won a prize ________________ in my life that night.
⑶ 那是我第一次参加比赛。
It was the first time that_______________
___________ .The first time I saw himfor the first time I had entered
a contest课件53张PPT。 Unit 5
Nelson MandelaPeriod 3 Grammar “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由
“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is
very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that)
we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have
often talked.
The manager whose company I work in pays much
attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much
attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：
1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语
动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
This is the watch for which I am looking .
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is
looking after are very healthy.
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are
very healthy.
２.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用
whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用
which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my
neighbour.The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.×√×３. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few
等代词或者数词。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this
school.
The time when we got together finally arrived.
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s
Republic of China was founded.
Do you remember the years when he lived in the
countryside with his grandparents.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
The house where I lived ten years ago has been
pulled down.
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .
Is this the place where they fought the enemy?3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
From the years when / in which he was going to
primary school in the country he had known what
he wanted to be when he grew up. 课堂练习1. I’ll never forget the days ______I spent with my teacher.
A. when B. which
2. I’ll never forget the days ______I played with you.
A. when B. which3. The factory ______we visited yesterday was built last year .
A. where B. which
4. The factory ______we worked was built last year .
A. where B. which5. This is the reason _____ she gave me for doing it.
A. why B. which
6. Do you know the reason ______he came late?
A. why B. which[温馨提示]关系副词与关系代词的选择
关系副词与关系代词的选择是根据关
系词在定语从句中的成分来决定的。
关系词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词或者“介词+which/whom”
关系词在定语从句中主语，宾语，则用关系代词。
1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. when C. that D. where2. The gentleman _______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom3. The old man has two sons, _______ is a soldier.
A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them4. This is the ship _______ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).
A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which5. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time7. Mr. Wang is a boss, ______ factory Li Ping worked.
A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which8. I shall never forget the years _______ I lived in the country with the farmers, —————— has a good effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who9. This is the store ______ we visited the famous shop assistants.
A. where B. there C. that D. which10. I’m going to spend my holiday in Beijing, _____ live my old parents.
A. which B. that C. where D. there11. If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where12.—Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else ______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn13.The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which基础练习1. Is that the house ____ you bought last year? A. where B. which
2. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing at? A. which B.where
3. It is the most interesting book ___I’ve ever read.
A. which B. thatBBA4.The street ______is to the park is very narrow.
A. where B. which
5.The person ___finds my watch will get a reward.
A. who B. when
6.This is the room __ we listened to the lecture.
A. which B. whereBAB7.The boy ___mother is ill can not come to the party.
A. who B. whose
8.Tell me the reason ___ you are late.
A. which B. whyBB9. Let me think of a proper situation
_______ this sentence can be used.A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、which先行词是situation, case, scene…时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which10. She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、what
C、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing.11. His walking stick, ____ he can’t
walk, was lost yesterday.A、that
B、with which
C、which
D、without which12、Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in
the office. （05浙江卷） A．which
B．that
C．this
D．it 13.Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. （04北京春季）A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which 14. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_______ effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷）that
B. whose
C. those
D. what15. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political
novels and essays. (04北京）A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name 分析：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题15），又能作宾语（如题14）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题15），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题14），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which” 。题14可变为：from the effects of which …16. Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited
three months ago? （05北京春季）where
B. when
C. that
D. what17. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. （04全国II） where
B. which
C. when
D. that分析：当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。题16中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题17中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。18. The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be
___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷) A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which 19. He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went
on to Cambridge. （05山东卷）from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this分析：题18中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题19表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。 1.American women usually identify their best friend as
someone _____ they can talk frequently. （04上海）
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom 2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （04全国I）
A for which
B at which
C in which
D on which3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five
are mine. （04全国IV）
A on which
B in which
C of which
D from which4. The journey around the
world took the old sailor nine
months, _____ the sailing time
was 226 days. （04广西）
of which
B. during which
C. from which
D. for whichB D D D B 课件99张PPT。 Unit 5
Nelson MandelaPeriod 4
复习与测试复习与测试
1._____________ adj. 积极的，活跃的
→________n．活动
2._____________ v. 请求，乞求
3._____________ v. 教育，训练
4._____________ n. beliefs or views
5._____________ adj. 无私的；忘我的
→________ adj. 自私的
6._____________ vi.& n. 逃脱；泄露
7._____________ v.& n. 投票；选举一、单词回顾activebegeducateopinionselflessescapevoteactivityselfish8.______________ v.& n. 进攻，抨击
9.______________ n. 质量；品质
10._____________ n. 奖金 vt. 奖赏
11.generous adj. __________________
12.sentence vt.& n. __________________
13.terror n. __________________
14.president n. __________________
15.relative n.& adj. __________________亲属，相关的，相比较而言的attackqualityreward慷慨的；大方的句子;判决；宣判恐怖(活动)；可怕的人总统，校长，会长16．________ adj.热心肠的
17．________ adj.和平的
18．________ n．律师
19．________ adj.愿意的；自愿的
20．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的
21．________ n．毛毯
22．________ v．献身；专心于
→________ adj.忠实的；深爱的
23．________ v．建立；建设
→________ n．创建者
24．________ n．指导；领导
→________ v．指导
25．________ n．暴力；暴行→________adj.暴力的
26．________ adj.相等的；平等的→________adv.平等地warm-heartedpeacefullawyerwillingunfairblanketdevoteddevote founderfound guideguidanceviolenceviolentequalequally1． n．品质；质量；性质
2． n．共和国；共和政体
3． n．法则；原则；原理
4． n．律师
5． vi.逃走；逃脱；泄露
6． n．亲戚；亲属
7． n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
8． vt.判决；宣判
9． n．总统；会长；校长；行长
10． n．意见；看法；主张
11． n．恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动单词自查qualityrepublicprinciplelawyerescaperelativerewardsentencepresidentopinionterror12． vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
13． adj.自私的→ (反义词)无私的;忘我的
14． v．献身；专心于→ adj.忠实的；深爱的→ n．献身；热爱
15． adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
→ n．和平，和睦
16． n．指导;领导→ v．指导,引路;向导
17． adj.法律的；依照法律的
→ (反义词)非法的；违法的
18． adj.积极的；活跃的→ adv.积极地
→ n．活动
19． v．进攻；攻击；抨击→ n．攻击者
20． n．暴力；暴行→ adj.暴力的;暴行的
21． adj.平等的;相等的→ n．平等,相等voteselfishselfless devotedevoteddevotionpeacefulpeaceguidanceguidelegalillegalactiveactivelyactivityattackattackerviolenceviolentequalequality22． adj.乐意的，自愿的→ adv.自愿地，乐意地
23． adj.不公平的，不公正的→ (反义词)公平的，公正的
24． vt.教育；训练→ adj.受过教育的，有教养的→ n．教育
25． v．请求；乞求→ n．乞丐，穷人
26． adj.吝啬的；自私的→ (反义词)慷慨的，大方的
27． n．残忍；残酷→ adj.残忍的；无情的willingwillinglyunfairfaireducateeducatededucationbegbeggarmeangenerouscrueltycruelI. 根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Much of the land was of poor q______.
2. She’s over 80, but is still very a______.
3. The People’s R______ of China was
founded in 1949.
4. Schools try to teach children a set of
p________.qualityRepublicactiveprinciples单词填空5. It was ______ (吝啬的) of him not to invite her.
6. She’s always very ________ (大方的) to the kids.
7. If the earth’s temperature rises, it will be a disaster for all ________ (人类).generousmeanmankindII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
8. Amy, don’t be ______ (self). Let the others have a turn.
9. She set an example to us in ______ (self) working for the country.
10. The baby looks so ________ (peace) when he’s sleeping.
11. She described her husband as “a good man and a(n) _______ (devote) husband.”selfishselfless peacefuldevoted
12. _________ (self) people must learn to share so as to make themselves become _________ (self).
13. European countries are now making an _________ (act) effort to save more materials than before.
14. _________ (devote) to caring for the poor, Mother Teresa had no time to think of herself. SelfishselflessactiveDevoted15. The distant countryside is so _________ (peace) that I don’t want to go back to the noisy city.
16. Mr. Yang _________ (selfless) helped six children finish their university study within 10 years. selflessly peaceful17．The school used advanced teaching methods to ________ (教育) the students.
18．In my ________ (看法), many teenagers depend too much on their parents.
19．Anyone that provides valuable information for the police will be ________ (奖赏)．
20．His sister ran away from home and went abroad because of family ________ (暴力)．
21．This kind of washing powder is of good ________ (质量), and doesn't harm our hands.
educate opinionrewardedviolencequality22．The boss was ________ (抨击) by the newspapers for not caring for the workers.
23．—Do you know when the People's Republic of China was ________ (成立)?
—On October 1,1949.
24．Yesterday we ________ (选举) Mr. Li the best teacher in our school.
25．Though he ________ (逃跑) from the big fire, his skin was severely burned.
26．Your teacher can give you ________ (指导) on choosing a career and writing a job application. attackedfoundedvotedescapedguidanceI. 根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. You have to study for a long time to become a l______.
2. The f__ is $50 for a six-week art class.
3. What the company has done is perfectly l____.lawyerfeelegal4. The local schools formed a football l______.
5. It’s a good move at this ____ (阶段) in his career.
6. There is too much _______ (暴力) on TV these days.leaguestageviolence7. They believe that all work is of ______ (相等的) value.
8. In 1918 British women got the right to ____ (投票).
9. The report ______ (抨击) the idea of exams for 7-and 8-year-olds.attacksequalvoteII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I was looking forward to working under her expert _______ (guide).
2. James felt more ______ (hope) about his future after his chat with his teacher.guidance hopeful3. It seemed so ______ (fair) but perhaps he was right.
4. I told them I was perfectly ______ (will) to help.unfairwillingI. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. The hills were covered with a thick b_____ of snow.
2. I’ll go to America to see my _____ (亲戚).
3. Their faces were white, and their eyes were filled with _____ (恐怖).
4. Burnett has campaigned against _____ (残酷) to animals for more than 20 years.
5. Mandela was already in his seventies when he became p_____. blanketrelativesterrorcrueltypresidentII. 选用方框中合适的词并用其适当形式填空。
reward; beg; sentence; escape; educate
1. Robbers attacked his train, but he _____.
2. Youngsters must _____ about the dangers of drugs.
3. I _____ you to keep the matter secret.
4. The performers _____ with flowers and candies from the audience.
5. The thief _____ to pay a fine of $1,000. escaped be educatedbegwere rewarded was sentenced1. 在……积极 ____________________
2. 献身于，专心于，致力于_____________________
3. 事实上 ______________________
4. 求助于，查(字典) ______________________
5. 灰心 ______________________
6. 当权，上台(执政) ______________________
7. 被判处……(徒刑) _______________________二、词组回顾be active indevote ... to (doing) sthas a matter of factturn tolose heartcome to powerbe sentenced to 8. 受良好教育 _________________
9.be... away _________________
10.reach a stage _________________
11.blow up _________________
12.be willing to do sth.________________
13.answer violence with violence_____________
14.be in trouble ___________________
15.set up a law office ___________________建立一家法律事务所be well educated有……远处于……的阶段使充气；爆炸乐意做某事用暴力反抗暴力在危险，痛苦等处境中16．be generous ________ 在……慷慨/大方
17．________... into prison 把……投入监狱
18．________ heart 丧失信心或勇气
19．set ________ 设立；建立
withputloseup1.Nobody seems to understand. I don't know whom to ___ .
2．After Hitler ________ in Germany, Einstein was forced to go to America.
3．When her son returned, she was at last ________ worries.
4．A police officer was killed when his car________.
5．You can't ________ people ________ saying what they think.turn tocame to powerfree fromblew upstop from词组运用6．I knew him when we were in college—________ we were on the same course.
7．Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone ________ .
8．The student cheated in the exam, but he was ____ soon.
9．You have got to ________ yourself, or you'll never succeed.
10．He ________ his own business after he graduated from university.
11. After hard work, she _________ a place in the national team last month.
12. She _______ her job and started writing poetry.as a matter of factin troublefound outbelieve inset upfought for gave up 13. You ____________ any mistakes because of your carefulness．
14. The town ____________ by English settlers in 1790.
15. Schenk spent 26 years ________ for killing his girlfriend.in prisonare free fromwas founded用所学短语完成下列句子(每空一词)，熟读并背诵。
1.刚开学的那天，我们的老师就给我们提了一些学习英语的建议。 ?? On the very first day of school, our teacher ______ us ____ English learning.
2．大多数下岗的人员都是文化不高的人。 Most of the people who ___ ____?___?_____ usually have little education.advised on are out of work 3．别灰心，你会成功的。
Don’t _____?_____. You will succeed. 4. 相信自己，别相信他的鬼话。 ______?______ yourself. Don’t ___________ him. 5. 大学尚未毕业，他就创办了自己的公司。 ? He _____?______ his own company before graduating from college. lose heartbelieveBelieve in set up6. 只有通过努力拼搏, 才能实现自己的梦想。 ?? Only by working hard _____ you _________ your dream. 7. 我们决不能嘲笑那些陷入困境的人，相反，我们应该帮助他们。 ?? We should never laugh at those _____ ____. On the contrary, we should try our best to help them. canrealize in trouble 8. 他从不为考试担心。? He ______never ______?______?_______ examination.
9. 他上台后就推出了一系列的改革方案。 ?? After ______ ______ _________, he carried out a series of reform.
10. 他乐于助人。 He ______ ______ _____ ______ others. been worried aboutcoming to power is willing to helphas1.霍普(Hope)先生是一位受过良好教育且品质优秀的青年。(educate，quality，youth)
2.他在政治方面很积极。(be active in)
3.他坚信所有的人生来是平等的。(be born equal)3.He believes that all men are born equal.1.Mr.Hope is a well-educated youth of fine quality.2.He is active in politics.词组运用4.他自愿一生致力于建立共和。(be willing to，devote...to，found a republic)
5.他建立一个组织帮助有困难的人。(set up，in trouble)5.He has set up an organization to help those
in trouble4.He is willing to devote all his life to founding
a republic.6.别人向他求助时，他很慷慨大方。(turn to，generous)
7.事实上，他曾因宣传暴力反政府而服了两年劳役。(as a matter of fact，be sentenced to)7. As a matter of fact，he was once sentenced to two years’ hard labor for encouraging violence against the government.6.He is generous whenever anyone turns to
him for help.8.他没有灰心，继续战斗。(lose heart)
9.他认为只有在民主(democratic)政府掌权后，人们才能过上安宁的生活。(in one’s opinion，come to power)8.He doesn’t lose heart and goes on struggling.9. In his opinion，only after a democratic government comes to power can people lead a peaceful life. Mr.Hope，a well-educated youth of fine quality，is active in politics and believes that all men are born equal. He is willing to devote all his life to founding a republic，and so he sets up an organization to help those in trouble. 连句成篇 Whenever anyone turns to him for help，he is generous. As a matter of fact，he was once sentenced to two years’ hard labor for encouraging violence against the government，but he doesn’t lose heart and goes on struggling. In his opinion，only after a democratic government comes to power can people lead a peaceful life.1．“介词 ＋ 关系代词”引导的定语从句
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _____
(我向他征求建议)．
2．关系副词 when 引导的定语从句
________________ (这是……的一段时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
3．where 引导的定语从句
We have reached ________ (……的阶段) we have almost no rights at all.
4．only 引导的倒装句
... ________ (直到那时我们才决定) to answer violence with violence.
5．the first time 引导时间状语从句
I felt bad ________ (第一次) I talked to a group.三、句式填空to whom I turned for adviceThis was a time whena stage whereonly then did we decidethe first time句型转换。每空一词，使上下两句的意思一致。
1. He lost his job six months ago.
He ___ ____ ___ __ ___ for six months.
2. Don’t be afraid to ask for help if you need it.
Don’t be afraid to ____ __ ___ for help if you need it. has been out of workturn to me3. In fact, I’ve never been there before.
___ _ ______ __ ___, I’ve never been there before.
4. When I was young, I wanted to be a model.
__ ___ _____, I wanted to be a model.As a matter of factIn my youth5. He always offers his help when I have some trouble.
He always offers his help when I am __ ______．
6. Can you fill this balloon with air?
Can you ___ ___ this balloon?troublein blow upI needed his help because I had very little education. I 1_________ (begin) school at six. The school 2 ________ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue 3 ______ (pay) the school fees and the bus fare. 四、课文填空to pay beganwhereI could not read 4 ___ write well. After 5______ (try) hard，I got a job in 6 __ gold mine. However，this was a time 7 ______ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. ortryingawhen 8_______ (sad) I did not have 9 _______ because I was not born there，and I worried 10 ______ whether I would become out of work.about Sadly it/oneThe party came to power in the last election. 2. 你真幸运逃脱了惩罚。(escape)根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。1. 这个政党是在上次选举(election) 中当选执政的。(come to power)You were lucky enough to escape punishment / being punished. 4. 亚当总是认为公司会因为他努力工作而奖赏他。(reward)Adam always believed that the company would reward him for his hard work. We begged the teacher for another chance / to give us another chance.3. 我们恳求老师再给我们一次机会(beg)6. 他因为偷窃汽车被判处三年监禁。(sentence)He was sentenced to three years in prison for his stealing cars.It is very difficult for a university graduate to set up his own business.5. 建立自己的公司对一个刚刚毕业的大学生来说是非常难的。(set up)⑴ The time ______________ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
⑵ The school ____________________ I studied for only two years was 3 kilometers away五、语法专练用when，where，why，which，that完成下列定
语从句。where/at which/in whichwhen/at which⑶ The reason ____________ he was late was that he missed his train.
⑷ We were put into a position __________ we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.where/in which why/for which ⑸ The earthquake was felt in Beijing， ________ is more than two hundred kilometers away.
⑹ Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.wherewhich ⑺ I have reached a point in my life ____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
⑻ Please help me think of a situation
______ this idiom can be used.where where(9) — Is that the small town you often refer to?
— Right，just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
(10) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing.where where六、综合填空1.The Chinese people are a _______ (hard,
work) and _____ (warm, heart) people.
2.Jim was active ___ all kinds of activities in his school.
3.Rose took an active _____ in all kinds of activities in his class.
4.Mr Chen was _______ (devote) to educating his students all his life.
5.Bill ______ his energy to designing the greatest bridge during this period.
6.Bob was the second student ____ (visit) the Water Cube in our class.
7.The thematic slogan for the 2008 Olympic Games is:________________ .
8.一个人的一小步，人类的一大步。_____________________________ .hard-workingwarm-heartedinpartdevoteddevotedto visitone world, one dream One small step for a man , a great leap for mankind.9.向前一小步，文明一大步。_________________________________ __ .
10.The time ____ we have fixed for our meeting is a proper one.
11.The window ____ you can see the cars and people going in the street is locked.
12.Is that park _____ you visited many times the largest one in the city?
13.Is it the park _____ you visited many times _____is the largest one in the city? One small step forward, one great leap for civilization.that/whichthrough whichthat/whichthat/whichthat14.Is that the park _____ you visited many times?
15.The reason _____ you explained to us for your mistakes sounded reasonable.
16.He was generous ______ his time, ______ I was grateful.
17.____ trying many times, I got a job in a school ______ the students how to sing.
18.The day ____ we celebrated our English teacher’s seventieth birthday came____ last.
19. 2010 has _______ 13526 accidents all over the country’s roads.
20.Now we have reached a stage ____ we should try our best ____ (work) hard before our mid-term examination.that/whichthat/whichwithfor whichAfterteachingon which/whenatseenwhereto work21.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the Play,____ , of course, made the others unhappy·
22.Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I don’t doubt very much.
23.We first broke the law in a way ______ was peaceful.
24.Tony,____ served us just now, is the owner of the restaurant.
25.Jack, ____ we planned, has won the male 100-meter race.
26.In china, the number of the cities is increasing _____ development is recognized across the world.
27.Some great people said that it was their primary school teachers and their lessons _____ they were fond of ______ influenced their whole life.whichwhichthat/whichwhoas whose(that)that28.He is a man of great experience, ______ much can be learned.
29.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____life has developed gradually.
30.____ when he told me did I know the truth.
31.Peter was sentenced _____ life imprisonment.
32.____ you are studying in the room, do not surf the internet.
33.Nobody should ______ (keep) from expressing his own idea when having a discussion.
34.Everyone______ be able to do _____
they can ____ to improve your learning methods.
from whomwhereOnly toWhen/While/Asbe keptshouldwhat/ everything
/all (that)×35.Jenny was advised that Bob ______
(turn) when she was in trouble.
36.I did not meet him for thirty years_______ I attended the conference in Xi’an.
37.I felt ____ （excite）the first time I ____
(go) to visit Tsingdao.should be turned totill/untilexcitedwent1．Most dogs will not ________ people if they are left alone.
A．bury B．escape C．reward D．attack
[ 解析]attack 攻击。bury 埋葬；escape 逃脱；reward 报酬，酬谢。[答案]D2．If they break the agreement, we'll take ________ action against them.
A．legal B．sincere
C．equal D．frequent
[解析]legal合法的。sincere 真诚的；equal平等的；frequent频繁的。
[答案]A七、单项填空3．The aim of these activities is for people to be happy, so that there are no more wars or ________.
A．shortcoming B．violence
C．shelter D．disadvantage
[解析]violence 暴力。shortcoming 缺点；shelter避难所；disadvantage不利条件。[答案]B4.The Chinese government is willing to work with other countries to adopt more effective measures in order to realize the goals of gender性别 _____， women's empowerment (自主)and building a harmonious world.
A．equality B．quantity C．quality D．hostility
[解析]equality 平等。quantity 数量； quality 质量；hostility 盛情。[答案]A5．We were invited to give our ________ about how the work should be done.
A．attitudes B．identities
C．opinions D．purposes
[解析]opinion意见。attitude态度；identity身份；purpose目的。[答案]C6．She's always been ________ with money. Whenever we eat out, she never pays a bill.
A．mean B．generous
C．legal D．selfish
[解析]mean吝啬的。generous慷慨的；legal合法的；selfish自私的。[答案]A7．Everybody likes Jack very much because he is ________ in giving help.
A．stubborn B．generous
C．loose D．reliable
[解析]generous 慷慨的。stubborn 顽固的；loose 松的；reliable可靠的。[答案]B8．All our activities took place under the ________ of an experienced teacher.
A．stage B．reward
C．title D．guidance
[解析]guidance指导。stage阶段，舞台；reward报酬；title冠军。[答案]D9．Teenagers need to be ________ about the dangers of smoking.
A．recognized B．escaped
C．educated D．rescued
[解析]educate教育。recognize认出；escape逃脱；rescue 营救。[答案]C10．The United States is now playing a leading role in the international ________.
A．pace B．track
C．event D．stage
[解析]stage舞台。pace节奏；track 踪迹，轨道；event大事。[答案]D 11．It's against my ________ to accept gifts from patients.
A．emotions B．principles
C．regulations D．opinions
[解析] B 句意：接受患者的礼物是违背我的原则的。principle原则。12．The bank is offering a(n) ________ to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.
A．reward B．award C．prize D．bonus
[解析] A 句意：银行向任何一个提供有关抢劫案信息的人提供了一笔酬金。这里指的是因表示感谢而提供的奖励，所以用reward。award 的意思是“奖品”、“奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为表现突出而受奖；bonus 奖金；红利。13．After hours of searching，their patience was________ and they found what they were looking for.
A．calculated B．confirmed
C．rewarded D．evaluated
[解析] C 句意：经过数小时的搜寻，他们的耐心得到了回报，他们找到了他们在找的东西。A项意为“计算”；B项意为“证实，确认”；C项意为“回报”； D项意为“评价”。 14．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name ________him for the moment.
A．escaped B．missed
C．forgot D．passed
[解析] A 句意：鲍勃回头一看，结果却发现了一位老同学，其名字他一下子想不起来了。escape作为及物动词有“被忘掉，没被注意到”的意思，其后可以直接跟宾语且无需用被动语态。 15．When you have difficulty in learning new words，you can________ the dictionary.
A．turn up B．turn in
C．turn to D．turn over
[解析] C 句意：当你学习新单词有困难时，你可以求助于词典。A项意为“把声音调大，出现”；B项意为“上交”；C项意为“求助于”；D项意为“翻转”。16．Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ________ with a magnificent view.
A．awarded B．admired
C．rewarded D．impressed
[解析] C be rewarded with sth意为：受到……的报酬。句意：任何一个登上泰山之巅的人都会欣赏到美丽的风景。17．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a ________ environment.
A．peaceful B．sensitive
C．common D．stable
[解析] D 句意：水能吸收和放出大量的热量而不至于使气温有很大变化，这样就形成了一种稳定的环境。A项意为“和平的”；B项意为“敏感的”；C项意为“常见的”；D项意为“稳定的”。 18．Jobs' genius is that he builds these products that people really like to use because he has taste and can build things that people really find________．
A．understanding B．appealing
C．willing D．misleading
[解析] B 句意：乔布斯的天赋在于他能创造出人们真正喜欢用的东西，因为他有品位，并能创造人们发现有吸引力的东西。A项意为“可理解的”；B项意为“有吸引力的”；C项意为“乐意的，自愿的”；D项意为“误导人的”。19．We are collecting for the victims of the earthquake－stricken area; please give________．
A．generously B．simply
C．actually D．automatically
[解析] A 句意：我们正在为地震灾区的受害者筹集资金，请慷慨解囊。A项意为“慷慨地”； B项意为“仅仅，只是”；C项意为“实际上”；D项意为“自动地”。20. All the materials have been posted to you. I'm looking forward to the chance to meet you ________ to discuss the present situation of our company.
A．in peace B．in person
C．in trouble D．in return
[解析] B 句意：所有的材料都寄给你了，我期待着找机会与您亲自讨论当前我们公司的情况。A项意为“和平地”；B项意为“亲自”； C项意为“处于麻烦之中”；D项意为“作为回报/回应”。21. She devoted herself entirely ________ helping the children who suffered a lot from the earthquake.
A．in B．for C．to D．With
【解析】 句意：她把自己完全投入到了帮助在地震中受伤的孩子身上。devote...to doing sth.“致力于；献身于”，为固定搭配，故答案为C。
【答案】 C22. In my opinion，no search engine can ________ Baidu in search scope（处理、研究事务的）范围 and speed.
A．compete B．equal C．win D．Suit
【解析】 句意：在我看来，没有搜索引擎可以在搜索范围和速度上与百度相比。A equals B in ...意为“A在……方面比得上B”，符合句意。 【答案】 C 23. Although I know that the novel was published in the nineteenth century，the actual date ________ me.
A．forgot B．reminds
C．escapes D．occured to
【解析】 句意：尽管我知道这本书是19世纪出版的，但我忘记具体的日期了。escape sb.表示“被某人遗忘”，主语是物。forget的主语必须是人，remind“提醒；使记起”，occur to“发生”，皆不符合句意。
【答案】 C24. A(n) ________ will be offered for the information leading to the arrest of the robber.
A．price B．prize C．reward D．Award
【解析】 句意：为逮捕抢劫犯而提供信息将会得到奖励。根据句意和上文对词义的差异辨析可知，答案为C。
【答案】 C
25. Mr and Mrs White are determined to give their children ________ first-rate education，though they are both out of ________ work now.
A．a；the B．the；the C．a；/ D．the；
【解析】 句意：尽管怀特先生和夫人现在都失业了，但他们仍决心给孩子们一流的教育。out of work为固定搭配，不加冠词。a first-rate education意为“一流的教育”。
【答案】 C
26.She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to ________.
A．deals with B．turn to
C．look for D．talk about
【解析】 句意：她的新电脑出了很多问题，但是她不知道向谁求助。turn to“求助”，符合句意。deal with“处理”；look for“寻找”；talk about“谈论”。
【答案】 Ｂ
27.He doesn’t pronounce this word well，but he doesn't ________ and try to pronounce it again and again.
A．take heart B．take to heart
C．lose heart D．lose his heart
【解析】 句意：这个词他念不好，但他不泄气，一遍遍练习发音。lose heart“丧失信心；泄气”，符合句意。take heart“鼓起勇气”；take to heart“对……耿耿于怀”；lose one‘s heart“爱上”。
【答案】 Ｃ28.In Disneyland，every year，some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to ________ signs asking his “guests” not to step on them.
A．send up B．set up
C．put up D．show off
【解析】 句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约80万株植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝设立一些让顾客不要踩踏的标牌。put up符合句意和语境。send up“使上升；长出”；set up“设立；建立”；show off“炫耀自己”。
【答案】 Ｃ
29.________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A．Only B．Just C．Still D．Yet
【解析】 置于句首的only修饰方式状语by keeping down costs时，主句要使用部分倒装。而just，still，yet都无此用法。 【答案】 A 30.—How was the flight?
—To tell you the truth，________ I flew on the plane I was really nervous.
A．first time B．the first time
C．for first time D．for the first time
【解析】 句意：——航行怎么样？——说真的，第一次坐飞机时我很紧张。the first time引导时间状语从句。其他三项皆不能引导从句。
【答案】 B
31． The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a big stage, many new actors or actresses are to become famous.
A．where B．when
C．that D．which
[解析] A 考查定语从句。分析题干可以看出，stage意思是“舞台”，在从句中作地点状语，所以要用where。32． [2010·四川卷] —I’m sorry. That wasn’t of much help.
—Oh, .As a matter of fact，it was most helpful.
A. sure it was B. it doesn’t matter
C. of course not D. thanks anyway
[解析] A 考查交际用语。从答语“事实上，很有用”，可以知道这里是表示肯定“当然，它是(有用的)，事实上十分有用”。33． With no one to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
A．turn to B．turn on
C．turn off D．turn over
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。由语境可以看出，没有人可以求助是她感到无助的原因，由此可以看出，该题应该选turn to。34． Whether there is freedom and love or not, in death everyone is .
A．fair B．reasonable
C．equal D．Proper
[解析] C 句意为：无论世间是否有自由和爱，在死亡面前我们是平等的。故选C。35． Last year, Guangzhou the 16th Asian
Games.
A．said B．looked
C．saw D．Heard
[解析] C 考查动词辨析。句意为：去年广州见证了第16届亚运会。see有此用法，且用过去时。36.It was reported that Barack Obama, President of the USA was Nobel Peace Prize of 2009, surprised the world.
A．rewarded; that B．awarded; which
C．rewarded; which D．awarded; that
[解析] B 本题考查易混动词的辨析及非限制性定语从句的引导词。reward vt.酬谢；award vt.授奖。引导非限制性定语从句要用which。37． The manager, knowing his factory’s products were poor in ， decided to give his workers further training.
A．quantity B．amount
C．deal D．quality
[解析] D 考查名词辨析。句意为：经理知道他的工厂生产的产品质量较差，于是决定对工人进行进一步培训。产品质量很差符合语境，故选D(质量)。38． you work more efficiently are you able to catch up with others in the class.
A．Only when B．Long before
C．Unless D．Until
[解析] A 考查only＋状语引导的倒装结构。由于后面主句are you able to catch up with others…采用了倒装语序，因此应选择A。“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句用倒装语序，但应注意when从句不倒装。39．No matter what difficulties we'll meet with, we must never .
A．lose our heart B．lose our hearts
C．lose heart D．give up heart
[解析] C 考查固定短语辨析。lose heart固定用法，意思是“失去信心”。句意为：无论我们遇到什么困难，都不能失去信心40． As is known, the newly-elected president of America on 20th of the first month of 2009.
A．came into power B．came into effect
C．came into rule D．took his effect
[解析] A 本题考查动词短语辨析。came into power掌权；上台。句意为：众所周知，美国新当选的总统已于2009年的1月20日就职。八、书面表达[2012?课标全国卷] 假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括：
1.自我介绍(包括英语能力)；
2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家)；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and I'd like to take part in it. I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English.
What is more, I'll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
Looking forward to your reply!
Regards，Li HuaAs a lawyer, I’m devoted to my job and I believe allpeople are equal before the law.I’m willing to give a handwhen people are in trouble without rewards.As a matter offact, a lot of people turn to me for legal advice.
