人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Vocabulary单词讲解课件(64张ppt)

(共64张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Vocabulary
1. _________v. 死亡；消亡→ _________n. 死；死亡→________adj. 死的；枯萎的→ adj. 垂死的；临死的→ adj. 致命的
2. _________v. 影响；侵袭→_________n. 影响；结果；效果→__________adj. 有效的→_____________ adv. 有效地→ n. 喜爱；关爱
3._________v. (使)震惊 n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→____________adj. 令人震惊的→ ____________adj. 感到震惊的
4. __________v. 呼吸→ __________n. 呼吸→ ____________adj. 气喘吁吁的→ adv. 气喘吁吁地
5. _________ adj. 明智的→________adv. 明智地→_________n. 智慧；才智
词性转换
die
death
died
dying
deadly
affect
effect
effective
effectively
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
breathe
breath
breathless
breathlessly
wise
wisely
wisdom
6. ________v. 统一；使成为一体→________adj. 统一的→ n. 联合；统一
7. __________v. 复活；(使)苏醒→ _____________n. 复苏；振兴
8. __________vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存→ _____________n. 幸存；残存物→ _____________n. 幸存者
9. __________v. 遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ ___________n. 苦难；痛苦→ __________n. 患病者; 受苦者
9. __________v. (火山)爆发；喷发→_____________n. 爆发；喷发
10. ________adj. 长的；长期的→_________ n. 长；长度→___________v.
(使)变长；加长
unify
unified
unification
revive
revival
survive
survival
survivor
suffer
suffering
sufferer
erupt
eruption
long
length
lengthen
11.____________n．能力；力量；电力供应；控制力→____________ adj.强大的；有力的→ adj. 无力的；无能力的→ v. 授权
vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 镇定的；沉着的→ _________
adv. 镇定的；沉着的→ __________n. 平静; 镇定
13. n. 电；电能→ adj. 电动的；用电的
→ adj. 与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→ adj. 电子的
14. __________n. 努力；尽力→ adj. 不用费力的
15. n. 金属→ n. 模特；榜样→ n. 奖章；勋章→ n. 新闻媒体；媒体
power
powerful
powerless
empower
calm
calmly
calmness
electricity
electric
electrical
electronic
effort
effortless
metal
model
medal
media
vt. 递送；生；接生；发表→ n. [U]递送
→ n. 投递者
17. n. 突发事件；紧急情况→ adj. 出现的；紧急的 → n. 出现；浮现
vi. & vt. &n. 打；撞击；罢工→ (过去式)→ .
(过去分词) → adj. 迷人的→ n. 罢工者；前锋
n. 总结；概括→ v. 总结；概括
n. 供应；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给→ n. 供应商
deliver
delivery
deliverer
emergency
emergent
emerge
strike
struck
stricken
striking
striker
summary
summarize
supply
supplier
1. rescue n.&vt. 营救；救援 rescuer n. 救援者
(1) The soldiers rescued the man from the flood.
(2) A boy was trapped in the building and soon a rescue team came to his rescue.
总结归纳
1. ______worker 　　　　救援人员
2. one’s rescue 援救某人
3. rescue. . . _____. . . 把……从……解救出来
rescue
come/go to
from
运
用
1. He was about to give up when they came __ his rescue.
2. The sisters were treated as local heroes after ________
(rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning.
3. Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people the roof of the burning building.
to
rescuing
from
2. damage n. & vt. 损失；损害
总结归纳
1. do/cause damage to 　　给……带来/造成毁坏
2. be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
[自主排查]——单句语法填空
(1) A number of ________ (damage) houses and roads in the earthquake have been repaired up to now.
(2) A number of typhoons have caused great damage _____ parts of Asia in recent years.
damaged
to
词义辨析：damage, destroy和ruin
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和entirely、completely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
选词填空：damage/destory/ruin
1. You have ________ my bike; you’d better get it repaired.
2. My car was ___________ in an accident, so I have to buy a new one.
3. To our disappointment, the bad weather _______ our trip.
4. The accident caused some _________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
damaged
destroyed
ruined
damage
3. ruin n. [U] 毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟
vt. (使)毁坏；成为废墟
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
总结归纳
1. 成为废墟
2. 衰落，败落
3. 使…毁灭；使…没落；使…破产
4. 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
5. 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
lie/be in ruins　　
go to ruin/fall into ruin
bring…to ruin
ruin oneself
ruin one's health/fame/future
运
用
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
1. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night.
2. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, __________________________. (定语从句)
3. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，__________________________. (非谓语动词作状语)
which made us awake all night
making us awake all night
4. affect v. 影响；侵袭
(1) Since last October, about 43 percent of the winter wheat in China has been affected by lack of rainfall.
(2) Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.
总结归纳
1. be affected ___　　 受……的影响
2. affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
by
总结归纳
have an effect on... 对… …有影响
bring / put ... into effect 实施；实行
in effect 在实施中；有效; 实际上；事实上
take effect 生效 (=come into effect)；起作用
side effect 副作用
运
用
1. Don’t play around here! Your noise ____________ my job badly.
2. Playing computer games too much will have a bad ____________ on your study.
3. The firefighter’s lung ________________ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
4. What you say or do will others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
affects
effect
was affected
have an effect on/affect
5. injure vt. 伤害；使受伤；损害
(1) A terrible accident happened at the acrossing and an ambulance rushed the _________ (injure) to the hospital.
(2) Dogs’ owners should be responsible if their pets do a _______ (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.
总结归纳
1. be/get injured 受伤 2. the injured 伤员
3. do sb. an injury / do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
injured
injury
运
用
1. A month before my first , one of my ankles ______________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
2. By mile 17, I became out of breath and the one ___________ (injure) ankle hurt badly.
3. Don’t lift that tool box—you’ll _________________________! (伤着自己；injury)
injured
was injured
do an injury to yourself
词义辨析：injure/hurt/wound/harm
wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗中受伤。
injure “损害；受伤”，指由于意外或事故而受伤，着重指容貌、机能的损坏
hurt “疼痛；痛苦；伤心”，指肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害。
harm 肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害，可能会带来不便。
运
用
选词填空：injure/wound/ hurt/ harm
1. The soldier was _________ in the arm in the war.
2. She was ________ slightly in an accident during the work.
3. I was very much ______ at his words.
4. This bright light will do great _______ to your eyes.
wounded
injured
hurt
harm
6. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(1) A good environment depends on the ______(effort)
made by everyone.
(2) No one can achieve anything _______effort.
总结归纳
1. make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.
尽一切努力做某事
2. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
3. with (an) effort 努力地
4. without effort 毫不费力地
efforts
without
“尽一切做某事”的表达：
try/do one’s best to do sth.
make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.
spare no effort to do sth
do all/everything in one's power to do sth
运
用
1. 我们必须尽一切努力以减缓病情的发展。
We must _________________ to slow down the progress of the illness.
2. 他毫不费力地举起那块大石头。
He lifted the big stone _____________.
3. Many excellent Chinese architects _____________________. (正做出巨大努力) to take the center stage.
make every effort
without effort
are making great efforts
7. shock n.震惊[U]，令人震惊的事；休克
He was shocked at the shocking news.
(2) We were shocked at her grade.
(3) She is still in shock after the accident.
总结归纳
1. be shocked at/by… 对…感到震惊
2. in shock 震惊，吃惊, 休克
3. be a shock to sb. 对某人是个打击
运
用
用shock的适当形式填空
1. It was a ________story, and we all got _______.
2. They _____ _______ __how the children had been treated.
孩子们受到的对待令他们深感震惊。
3. The news of Stephen Hawking’s death shocked the whole world greatly. 同义替换(每空一词)
→The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came n
the whole world.
shocking
shocked
were
shocked
at
as
a
shock
to
great
8. trap vt. ( trapped)使落入；使陷入圈套
They trapped her into marrying their son.
She was trapped in the burning house.
Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.
总结归纳
1. set / lay / place a trap 设一个圈套
2. trap sb into (doing).... 骗某人（做）....
3. fall into / get out of a trap 落入 / 摆脱圈套
4. be trapped in 被困住，陷入......
运
用
1. __________ (trap) in the heavy traffic, we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.
2. He dug a hole on the ground _______ (trap) a rabbit.
3. A trap ____ (set) last night causes trouble to ourselves now.
4. They trapped her into______(sell) her house at a low
price.
Trapped
to trap
set
selling
9. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心
Though ______ ( bury ) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and _______(bury) the dead.
He sank into a chair, (bury) his face in his hands.
总结归纳
1. be buried in = bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
2. bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
buried
to bury
burying
运
用
_______ (bury) in reading the book in hand, he didn't notice a little girl ________(bury) her face in her hands until the sound of sobbing flowed into his ears. When asked why she was crying, she said she couldn't find the stone previously _______ (bury) under the tree.
The bird landed on the sand, (bury) its head in it.
______(bury)in doing homework, he didn’t notice a dog coming in.
Buried
burying
buried
Buried
burying
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于他埋头于读书，所以不知道外面下雨了。(bury)
4. Because he ________________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
5. Because he _______________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
6. ___________________ his books，he didn't know it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)
7. ___________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
(过去分词短语作状语)
buried himself in
was buried in
Burying himself in
Buried in his books
【知识延伸】
表示“专心于”且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有:
pay attention to... / draw one’s attention to... / apply oneself to
be devoted to... / be addicted to...
be buried/occupied/absorbed/lost/involved/engaged in sth.
concentrate/fix/focus/keep one’s attention on sth.
put one's heart into sth.
10. breathe vi./vt. 呼吸
总结归纳
breath n. 呼吸 ；气息；一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
catch one's breath 恢复呼吸
运
用
1. The boy (breathe) to wait his test score.
2. The weak girl _______________(气喘吁吁) only after
five minutes’ walk.
3. It’s good _____________(吸入) fresh country air
instead of city smoke.
held his breathe
was out of breath
to breathe (in)
11. suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering unusually hot weather.
2. The old man is said to have gone through varieties of
(suffer) during the war.
3. To our delight, the (suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
from
sufferings
sufferer
1. .
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
_______________ 遭受；患病
2. ____________ n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
____________ n. 患难者；患病者
用法考点归纳总结：
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
suffer from
suffering
sufferer
(1) suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语；
(2) suffer 用作不及物动词时，后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。
运
用
1. Among obese children, about 30 percent also high levels of blood sugar and fat. (suffer)
2. The party a humiliating defeat in the general election. (suffer)
3. The civil war of Syria has brought great (suffer) to tens of thousands of people.
4. He had never suffered such a great loss in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
→ in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (分词短语作状语)
suffer
suffered
sufferings
Not having suffered such a great loss
12. supply vt. 供应，供给 n. 供应
Russia supplies natural gas to the European countries.
Our water supply has been cut out.
总结归纳
向某人提供某物
1. supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.
2. provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
3. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
运
用
句型转换
We should provide some help for them.
= We should some help them.
= We should them some help.
=We should them some help.
supply/offer
to
supply/provide
with
offer
13. survive vi. & vt. 熬过，挺过
vi. 保存下来 vt. 比......活得长
翻译下列句子：
(1) She survived her husband by ten years.
(2) Her parents died in the accident, but she survived.
(3) He had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing.
(4) Some old customs have survived into the present.
比......活得长
靠......存活
存活
保存下来
总结归纳
1. survivor n. 幸存者
2. survival n. 残存，生还，生存
3. survive on 依靠……生存下来
4. survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来
5. A survive B (by...) A比B活得长
6. survive from... 从... ...存活下来；流传下来
运
用
1. I can’t survive $40 a week.
2. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I (survive).
3. Jim was a (survive) of the accident, but he lost his left leg.
4. The (survive) of the boy is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die.
on
survived
survivor
survival
14. power n. 能力；力量；权力；动力
vt. 激励；供以动力；使…有力量
1. As the saying goes, “ ____________________(知识就是力量).”
2. (2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most ___________(power) animal on earth.
3. Though he has been_________power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
4. Unfortunately，it's my power to get through the work in such a short time.
5. They have invented a new car, which is powered by solar batteries. [熟词生义]
in
powerful
Knowledge is power
beyond
供以动力
_____________________ 掌权；上台
_____________________ 在某人的掌控中
_____________________ 某人力所不能及的
.
尽力而为/竭尽全力做某事
用法考点归纳总结：
=
1. .
2. .
3. .
come to/into power
in one's power
beyond one's power
do all/everything in one's power to do sth
do/try one's best to do sth
make every effort to do sth.
spare no effort to do sth
1. I‘ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2019·高考全国卷 Ⅰ) [句式升级]
→I'll to perform well in the volunteer job.
2. As we all know, never before has our country been so
(power) as it is today.
do all/everything in my power
powerful
词义辨析： power/force/strength/energy
用force, power, energy, strength填空
1. I do want to help you, but it’s beyond my ______.
2. She has always been encouraged to swim to build up
the ________of her muscles.
3. If you don’t open the door, I have to enter by use of
_____.
4. Young people usually have more ______than the old.
power
strength
force
energy
15. calm adj. 冷静的；平静的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
(1) You should keep/stay calm even in face of emergency.
(2) Calm down and focus on the test paper when you begin to think about the answers.
总结归纳
1. _________calm　　保持镇静
2. calm _____ 冷静下来
3. _____________ 使某人平静下来
keep/stay
down
calm sb. down
运
用
1. Please _____________(冷静下来) and let me know what has happened.
2. The doctor has given her some pills (使她镇静下来).
3. I tried to________________(保持冷静). I knew that worrying wouldn't help me.
calm down
to calm her down
keep calm
16. aid n. 援助；帮助
He succeeded with the aid of a new method.
Many workers came to our aid after the typhoon.
Some universities have aided us in our research.
总结归纳
1. with the aid of 在……的帮助下
2. come to one's aid 帮助某人
3. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. to do sth. / aid sb. with sth. / aid sb. in (doing ) sth.
运
用
1. _____the aid of modern medicine, the dog was
revived after half an hour’s death.
2. We aided him in ________(finish) the work ahead of time.
3. We aided him (finish) the work ahead of time.
4. The rescue team consisting of 15 countries has come
to _____(they) aid.
With
finishing
to finish
their
17. strike
1. The boy fell, striking his head on the edge of the table.
2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.
3. It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
4. We were struck by her kindness.
5. What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
6. The church clock began to strike twelve.
打; 撞击
(疾病,自然灾害等)突然降临; 突然袭击
突然想起/想到
打动
给......以印象
(时钟等)敲响; 报(时)
6. The girl struck a match to light a candle.
7. He listed some striking numbers of the injured, which took our breath away.
惊人的
点燃
17. strike
总结归纳
1. It strikes sb. that … 某人突然想到……
= It hits sb. that... / It occurs to sb. that...
2. go on strike 举行罢工
3. be on strike 在罢工
18. deliver vt./vi. 传递；传达；发表；接生
We promise to deliver within 48 hours.
She often went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family.
总结归纳
1. deliver sth. 递送某物
2. deliver a speech 发表演讲
3. deliver a baby 接生小孩
运
用
1. I usually have fast food ___________ (deliver) to my office.
2. The man ___________ (deliver) a speech was our headmaster.
3. Every year, there are around 3000000 babies __________ (deliver) all over the world.
4. (翻译) Every morning, the delivery man appears in front of our house.
delivered
delivering
delivered
送货员
set _______ doing sth 开始着手做某事
set _______ to do sth 开始着手做某事
set _______ 动身(vi.)；引爆(vt. )
set _______ 记下；让乘客下车
set_______ 把...放在一边；留出/拨出（时间和金钱）
set _______ 开始；到来；流行
19. set up 设立；建立
down
about
out
off
aside
联
想
in
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began
to set .
2. Do you know how to set going on the work.
3. I have the details set here in my notes.
4. The government has set a committee.
5. Please ____________________________________(记下老师刚才讲的) in your notebook.
up
in
about
down
set down what the teacher said just now
运
用
e to an end 完结
[自主排查]——单句语法填空
1. When the journey was ____ an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.
2. The meeting came to _____ end and he set down a number of key words.
3. Jim entered the competition without much hope, not thinking he would end up _____ the first prize.
at
an
with
1. at the end of… 在…的尽头，在…的末端(指时间、地点等)
by the end of… 到…结束时，到…时候为止(常与完成时连用)
in the end/ finally/ at last/ eventually 最后； 终于
2. come to an end 结束 put an end to sth 使… …结束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出
3. end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做……结束
考点归纳
at the end of 后面既可以接时间，又可以接地点。表示“在......末，在......尽头，在......末梢”
by the end of 后面接时间，表示“到......末为止；不迟于......”,强调最后期限，常和过去完成时态或将来完成时态连用。
in the end 用作时间状语，表示“最后；终于”，不可以与of连用
come to an end “结束”，动词短语
His father will return home ___________ this year.
He will be a scientist __________.
How many English words had you learned ____________ last term
运
用
at the end of
in the end
by the end of
(ready / close) at hand 近在手边；即将到来
in hands 在手中；在控制中
by hand 用手工
on (the) one hand ... on the other hand ...
一方面 ... 另一方面...
hand in 上交 hand out 分发
hand over 移交 hand down 传承
21. on hand 在手头；现有；在场，到场
The holiday is close ________. We had better prepare for it from now on.
Good customs should _______________ from one generation to another.
The volunteers were ____________ food to the poor on the street.
He decided to retire. So he must __________ his work to another man before leaving.
Traditional clothes, always made ________, is popular with people.
运
用
at hand
be handed down
handing out
in hands/
on hand
by hand
考点归纳
(1) as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2) as if从句用虚拟语气：
① 从句用一般过去时 (与现在的事实相反)
② 从句用过去完成时 (与过去的事实相反)
③ 从句用would/could/might do形式 (与将来的事实相反)
22. as if
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if he was looking for something．
④(高级表达)The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if ______________________．(省略)
单句语法填空
① When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it
(break).
② When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he _______________(scold) by someone else.
③ He opened his mouth as if ______(say) something.
were break
had been scolded
to say
looking for something
Thank you!