2021年高考英语真题试卷及解析（浙江卷 1月）（无听力音频及原文）
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| 名称 | 2021年高考英语真题试卷及解析（浙江卷 1月）（无听力音频及原文） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-07-28 09:54:59 | ||
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2021年高考英语真题试卷及解析（浙江卷）
（1月）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分7.5分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1．What did the woman do yesterday？
A. She played football.
B. She watched a game.
C. She worked in the lab.
2．What will the weather be like tomorrow evening？
A. Cloudy.
B. Rainy.
C. Windy.
3．What will Jack do this weekend？
A. Go on a school trip.
B. Have a family picnic.
C. Prepare for an exam.
4．Why does the man make the call？
A. To arrange a meeting.
B. To cancel a visit.
C. To ask for assistance.
5．How does the man feel now？
A. Refreshed.
B. Anxious.
C. Sleepy.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？
A. Husband and wife.
B. Hostess and guest.
C. Chef and customer.
7．What is the man most likely to have for dinner？
A. French fries.
B. Ham sandwiches.
C. Fish and vegetables.
8．Where will George go after the business trip？
A. Milan.
B. Rome.
C. Florence.
9．What is banned in Florence？
A. Eating in the street.
B. Dressing up as soldiers.
C. Singing on public transport.
10．What does George think of the new rules？
A. They're effective.
B. They're timely.
C. They're reasonable.
11．Why does Ms. McDaniel talk to Frank？
A. He missed a speech.
B. He failed to pass a test.
C. He wanted to drop a class.
12．How would Ms. McDaniel's students react if a speaker made a mistake？
A. Laugh at the speaker.
B. Sympathize with the speaker.
C. Persuade the speaker to try again.
13．How does Ms. McDaniel sound？
A. Optimistic.
B. Humorous.
C. Encouraging.
14．What makes the man surprised？
A. The number of job applicants.
B. The experience of employees.
C. The candidates' language skills.
15．How many candidates are the speakers going to meet？
A. 2.
B. 12.
C. 20.
16．What do the speakers talk about at the end of the conversation？
A. Job description.
B. Interview procedure.
C. Candidates' background.
17．What did Gallo receive yesterday？
A. A call from her sister.
B. A bottle from her aunt.
C. A letter from a stranger.
18．Where did the fisherman find the bottle？
A. On Monhegan Island.
B. At Cumberland.
C. In Spain.
19．How old was Gallo when she threw out the bottle？
A. Fight.
B. Eleven.
C. Fourteen.
20．Where is the bottle now？
A. In the ocean.
B. At Gallo's home.
C. With the fisherman.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分25.0分）
第一节（共3小题；每小题2. 5分，满分25.0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和ID四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
More than 25 years ago， Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day， he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone， the 4﹣year﹣old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him﹣so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets，and then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There，he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book， A Long Way Home， Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks， but since he didn't know his town's name， finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011， he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's﹣eye view. He thought，"On the right﹣hand side you should see the three﹣platform train station"﹣and there it was. "And on the left﹣hand side you should see a big fountain"﹣and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child，he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about me，" he thought﹣and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says，"My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward， and I walked forward， and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain， you know， it was like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say， because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am， standing in front of her. "
21．Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago？
A. He got on a train by mistake.
B. He got lost while playing in the street.
C. He was taken away by a foreigner.
D. He was adopted by an Australian family.
22．How did Brierley find his hometown？
A. By analyzing old pictures.
B. By travelling all around India.
C. By studying digital maps.
D. By spreading his story via his book.
23．What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview？
A. His love for his mother.
B. His reunion with his mother.
C. His long way back home.
D. His memory of his hometown.
B
At the start of the 20th century， an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth， mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction： that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today， in Australia， most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s，40 percent of children walked to school，while in 2010， it was as low as 15 percent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time，many with both parents working to pay for their house， often working hours not of their choosing， living in car﹣dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation： for health and well﹣being， as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day， only to meet with a "good"， quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school﹣bus routes（路线），with days of regular，parent﹣accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning﹣running shoes by the front door， lunches made the night before， umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones﹣but it's certainly worth trying.
24．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph？
A. To make comparisons.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument.
D. To provide examples.
25．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity？
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time.
D. Security concerns.
26．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile？
A. She can get relaxed after work.
B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study.
D. She can know her son better.
C
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩） use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda， and examining more than 5，000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter， who led the research， said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps， she said， had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures，" she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. "
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call， the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures， Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case， a mother presents her foot to her crying baby，signaling："Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species（物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication，so that's not unique to humans，" said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz，an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester，said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But，she added，the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions，" she said. "Moreover，the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non﹣verbal communication. So，it seems the gulf remains. "
27．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter？
A. Memorizing specific words.
B. Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate.
D. Communicating messages on purpose.
28．What did Dr Shultz think of the study？
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
29．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Difference.
B. Conflict.
C. Balance.
D. Connection.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees： the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language： communication gestures translated
第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need， head to the front， and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. （31）
It turns out， it's just math working against you； chances are， the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. （32） Any small interruption ﹣ a price check， a chatty customer﹣can have downstream effects， holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability：（33） So it's not just in your mind： Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long，snaking line﹣ called a serpentine line ﹣ and serve each person at the front with the next available register.（34） This is what they do at most banks and fast﹣food restaurants. With a serpentine line， a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead， it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
（35） It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be： Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you？
B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines？
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line？
F. With three registers， this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes， as on a Sunday afternoon， the system gets particularly busy.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to（36） on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I（37） myself on a plane to Phoenix，Arizona. I was（38） at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However，within fifteen minutes of（39） ， my worries had gone. Everyone was so（40） and like﹣minded that it was very（41） to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8﹣day（42） . We had to（43） everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a（44） way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack， my legs were on fire.
My job was to（45） a stairway out of rock. This（46） climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited （栖息） by mountain lions， although I should say they were only heard never（47） .
Three days later， a beautiful stairway came into being. The（48） of knowing that my（49） will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were（50） in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to（51） . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only（52） part of my tent.
（53） ， I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I（54） . I think I am much（55） for having taken part in the project.
36．A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
37．A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
38．A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
39．A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
40．A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
41．A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
42．A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
43．A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
44．A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
45．A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
46．A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
47．A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
48．A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
49．A. work B. memory C. record D. story
50．A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
51．A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
52．A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
53．A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either ease
54．A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
55．A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
第二节（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数） across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier （56） that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool（57） gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a
（58） （person） weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 （59） （consider） healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017， average rural BMI increased
（60） 2.1 in women and men. In cities， however， the gain（61） （be）1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries
（62） （study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later， the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed （63） （sharp）.
This may be due to some disadvantages for people（64） （live） in the countryside，including（65） （low） levels of income and education. higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66．假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 介绍活动安排；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
67．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin （南瓜） carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field， I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home， and as the eldest child I have an advantage﹣I carried an 85﹣pounder back last year.
This year， it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14﹣year﹣old brother， Jason， was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides， but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table，with my mom filming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter，but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table，hole uppermost，I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to quit，my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it，like a cork（软木塞）forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short﹣lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm going to set it down，now，" I said，and with Jason helping to support its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle， but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.
参考答案
第一部分听力
1-5．CBABA
6-10．A CBAC
11-15．CBCAB
16-20．BCCBA
第二部分阅读理解
21．【解析】根据第一段最后一句中的the 4-yea-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him- so he got on以及第二段中的That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. 可知,布赖尔利在25年前和家
人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A项。
【答案】A.
22．【解析】根据第四段中的Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011，he came across something familiar.可知，布赖尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选C项。
【答案】C
23．【解析】根据最后一段中的My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered.. because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true.可知，布赖尔利在采访中讲述了与母亲团聚时的心情与感受。故选B项。
【答案】B
24．【解析】第一段最后一句But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.提到沃特金斯关于人们每天走10英里路的预言是错误的。结合后文对此的解释一人们忙于生存，进而讲到人们也没有时间陪孩子走路上学。由此可推知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了引出文章的主题。故选B项。
【答案】B
25．【解析】根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing,living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.可知，导致澳大利亚儿童走路减少的原因是父母忙于工作挣钱，没有时间陪他们锻炼。
故选C项。
【答案】C
26．【解析】根据倒数第二段中的This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.可知,作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她听到儿子的更多想法,更了解她的儿子。故选D项。
【答案】D
27．【解析】根据第二段中的"Only humans and chimps， she said， had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们有意向其他成员发送信息）"可知，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于有意传递信息。
【答案】D
28．【解析】根据倒数第二段... the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a litle disappointing".可知，舒尔茨博士认为这项研究是一个好的尝试，但结果有些令人失望。故选B项。
【答案】B
29．【解析】根据第三段中的They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respeet. 可知，前文提到科学家认为黑猩猩的手势交流像我们人类语言的交流方式。结合最后一段的内容可知，科学家对些手势的意思不清楚,并解释了原因:另外，黑猩猩的手势交流方式与其他动物的手势交流方式无异，即还是和人类语言交流方式存在不同，故可推知gulf表示“差异”。故选A项。
【答案】A
30．【解析】根据第一段首句Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.以及下文关于这方面研究的讨论可知，文章主要介
绍科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,D项(黑猩猩语言翻译出来的交流手势)能涵盖文章的内容。故选D项。
【答案】D
31．【解析】上文描述了一种现象：你排队结账时选择了自认为最快的一队，但你选错了，你认为应该比你慢的另一队的人已经结完账离开了。根据下一段中的I turns out, it's just math workinge against you可知，下文给出了原因。由此可推知，此处应是提出问题,且应是针对前文所描述现象提出的问题，故A项(为什么这种事似乎总是发生在你身上 )符合语境，在此处起到承上启下的作用。
【答案】A
32．【解析】设空上句提到杂货店尽量雇用足够的员工来让所有顾客的等待时间最短。结合下句Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer... 提到的任何一个小的“插曲”都可能会影响、阻碍整列队伍的前进可推知，此处应讲到某些时间可能出现特殊情况，故G项(但有时,比如周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙)承上启下，符合语境。
【答案】G
33．【解析】根据空前的Think about the probability 可知，设空处应说明的是概率,结合上文的If there are three lines in the store和选项可知,D项(你的队伍前进得最快的概率只有三分之一)符合语境,D项中的chances和one in three 分别与上文的probabilty和three lines 相呼应。
【答案】D
34．【解析】根据本段首句中的a good way to deal with this problem和空前的serve each person at the front with the next available register可知，本段介绍了一种新的排队方法，即蛇形排队法。而后文介绍的是这种方法在生活中的应用场景和实际效果——整体上提高了队伍的移动速度。结合选项可知，F项(如果有三位收银员，这种方法就比传统方法快得多)符合语境;F项中的three registers承接上文描述的每位顾客对应一位不同的收银员 ,而F项中的much faster又与后文的speed up checkout overall相呼应。
【答案】F
35．【解析】上文介绍了新式排队方法的优点;下文的It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores cant afford the space or manpower.则解释了某些店无法采取蛇形排队法的理由;由此可推知，设空处应是提出问题，指出为何有些地方无法采用新式排队方式 故B项(为什么大多数地方不鼓励蛇形排队呢 )与下文相呼应，符合语境。
【答案】B
第三部分 语言运用
36．【解析】句意为：我开始在网上查询并且发现"美国志愿者"。根据前文的"Last year I decided to do some volunteer work."可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。calculate计算；negotiate协商；advertise登广告；research研究。
【答案】D
37．【解析】 句意为：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。根据前文的"I began to on the Internet…"可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。imagined想象； introduced介绍； enjoyed喜欢；found发现。
【答案】D
38．【解析】 句意为：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。根据后面的"my worries had gone."可知，我一开始很担忧。annoyed烦恼的；surprised惊讶的；scared害怕的；excited兴奋的。
【答案】C
39．【解析】 句意为：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。根据"feel at home"得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。arriving到达； sleeping睡觉；thinking思考； walking行走。
【答案】A
40．【解析】句意为：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据后文"and like﹣minded"可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。confident自信的； friendly友好的；energetic活力的；curious好奇的。
【答案】B
41．【解析】句意为：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据 "that like﹣minded"和"feel at home"得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。funny搞笑的； good好的；lucky幸运的；easy容易的。
【答案】D
42．【解析】 句意为：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。根据下文"for having taken part in the project"可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。tour游览；project项目；campaign活动； course课程。
【答案】B
43．【解析】 句意为：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。根据下文"with a heavy pack"可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。drop掉下； make制作； carry携带； buy购买。
【答案】C
44．【解析】句意为：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。根据前文"walk three miles"可知，作者他们走的路程不远。nice好的；safe安全的；long长的；quick快的。
【答案】C
45．【解析】 句意为：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。根据下文"climbing up and down the side of a mountain."可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。build建造；test测试；clean清洁；guard保卫。
【答案】A
46．【解析】 句意为：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。根据"climbing up and down"可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。helped帮助；ended结束；allowed允许；meant意味。
【答案】D
47．【解析】句意为：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。根据前文"although I should say they were only heard"可知，作者以前没有见过。hunted捕猎；trained训练；seen看到；fed喂养。
【答案】C
48．【解析】句意为：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。satisfaction满意；ambition雄心；expectation期待；intention意图。
【答案】A
49．【解析】句意为：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"My job was to""a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，修台阶是我的工作。work工作，作品；memory回忆；record记录；story故事。
【答案】A
50．【解析】句意为：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。根据下文"I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent"可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。left离开；caught捉住；attacked袭击；separated分离。
【答案】B
51．【解析】 句意为：温度接近零度。根据下文"trembling"得知温度很低。boiling煮沸的；average平均的；normal正常的； freezing冰冻的。
【答案】D
52．【解析】句意为：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。根据上文的"thunderstorm"和后文的"part of my tent"可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。tidy干净的；dry干的；new新的；soft软的。
【答案】B
53．【解析】句意为：不用说我受了很多苦。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。By the way顺便问一下； Regardless of that尽管这样；Needless to say 不用说；In either case在这两种情况下。
【答案】C
54．【解析】 句意为：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。根据上文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there."可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。survived生存； resisted反抗； escaped逃离，抓牢； recovered恢复。
【答案】A
55．【解析】句意为：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。根据前文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。smarter更聪明的；stronger更强壮的；happier更快乐的；busier更忙碌的。
【答案】B
56．【解析】句意为:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们都在变胖，大部分的增长源于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，此处that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise... 是两个由that引导的宾语从句，两者是并列关系，故填and。
【答案】and
57．【解析】句意为： BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool 是先行词，且在从句中做主语。
【答案】that/which
58．【解析】句意为：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person 是修饰weight的，用person的名词所有格person's.
【答案】person's
59．【解析】句意为：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系。
【答案】is considered
60．【解析】句意为：研究发现，1985 年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1，increase by表示“增加了”： increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（8.5﹣23.9）可知，increase by符合语境。
【答案】by
61．【解析】句意为：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3， 男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时。
【答案】was
62．【解析】句意为： 1985 年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系。
【答案】studied
63．【解析】句意为：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，修饰动词narrow，要用sharp的副词形式sharply。
【答案】sharply
64．【解析】句意为：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式。
【答案】living
65．【解析】句意见上一题解析。根据后文and连接的并列结构higher costs of healthy foods和fewer sports facilies 可知，此处应使用比较级，故填lower。
【答案】lower
第四部分 写作
略
（1月）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分7.5分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1．What did the woman do yesterday？
A. She played football.
B. She watched a game.
C. She worked in the lab.
2．What will the weather be like tomorrow evening？
A. Cloudy.
B. Rainy.
C. Windy.
3．What will Jack do this weekend？
A. Go on a school trip.
B. Have a family picnic.
C. Prepare for an exam.
4．Why does the man make the call？
A. To arrange a meeting.
B. To cancel a visit.
C. To ask for assistance.
5．How does the man feel now？
A. Refreshed.
B. Anxious.
C. Sleepy.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？
A. Husband and wife.
B. Hostess and guest.
C. Chef and customer.
7．What is the man most likely to have for dinner？
A. French fries.
B. Ham sandwiches.
C. Fish and vegetables.
8．Where will George go after the business trip？
A. Milan.
B. Rome.
C. Florence.
9．What is banned in Florence？
A. Eating in the street.
B. Dressing up as soldiers.
C. Singing on public transport.
10．What does George think of the new rules？
A. They're effective.
B. They're timely.
C. They're reasonable.
11．Why does Ms. McDaniel talk to Frank？
A. He missed a speech.
B. He failed to pass a test.
C. He wanted to drop a class.
12．How would Ms. McDaniel's students react if a speaker made a mistake？
A. Laugh at the speaker.
B. Sympathize with the speaker.
C. Persuade the speaker to try again.
13．How does Ms. McDaniel sound？
A. Optimistic.
B. Humorous.
C. Encouraging.
14．What makes the man surprised？
A. The number of job applicants.
B. The experience of employees.
C. The candidates' language skills.
15．How many candidates are the speakers going to meet？
A. 2.
B. 12.
C. 20.
16．What do the speakers talk about at the end of the conversation？
A. Job description.
B. Interview procedure.
C. Candidates' background.
17．What did Gallo receive yesterday？
A. A call from her sister.
B. A bottle from her aunt.
C. A letter from a stranger.
18．Where did the fisherman find the bottle？
A. On Monhegan Island.
B. At Cumberland.
C. In Spain.
19．How old was Gallo when she threw out the bottle？
A. Fight.
B. Eleven.
C. Fourteen.
20．Where is the bottle now？
A. In the ocean.
B. At Gallo's home.
C. With the fisherman.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分25.0分）
第一节（共3小题；每小题2. 5分，满分25.0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和ID四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
More than 25 years ago， Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day， he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone， the 4﹣year﹣old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him﹣so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets，and then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There，he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book， A Long Way Home， Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks， but since he didn't know his town's name， finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011， he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's﹣eye view. He thought，"On the right﹣hand side you should see the three﹣platform train station"﹣and there it was. "And on the left﹣hand side you should see a big fountain"﹣and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child，he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about me，" he thought﹣and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says，"My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward， and I walked forward， and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain， you know， it was like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say， because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am， standing in front of her. "
21．Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago？
A. He got on a train by mistake.
B. He got lost while playing in the street.
C. He was taken away by a foreigner.
D. He was adopted by an Australian family.
22．How did Brierley find his hometown？
A. By analyzing old pictures.
B. By travelling all around India.
C. By studying digital maps.
D. By spreading his story via his book.
23．What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview？
A. His love for his mother.
B. His reunion with his mother.
C. His long way back home.
D. His memory of his hometown.
B
At the start of the 20th century， an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth， mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction： that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today， in Australia， most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s，40 percent of children walked to school，while in 2010， it was as low as 15 percent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time，many with both parents working to pay for their house， often working hours not of their choosing， living in car﹣dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation： for health and well﹣being， as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day， only to meet with a "good"， quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school﹣bus routes（路线），with days of regular，parent﹣accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning﹣running shoes by the front door， lunches made the night before， umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones﹣but it's certainly worth trying.
24．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph？
A. To make comparisons.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument.
D. To provide examples.
25．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity？
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time.
D. Security concerns.
26．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile？
A. She can get relaxed after work.
B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study.
D. She can know her son better.
C
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩） use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda， and examining more than 5，000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter， who led the research， said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps， she said， had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures，" she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. "
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call， the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures， Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case， a mother presents her foot to her crying baby，signaling："Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species（物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication，so that's not unique to humans，" said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz，an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester，said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But，she added，the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions，" she said. "Moreover，the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non﹣verbal communication. So，it seems the gulf remains. "
27．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter？
A. Memorizing specific words.
B. Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate.
D. Communicating messages on purpose.
28．What did Dr Shultz think of the study？
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
29．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Difference.
B. Conflict.
C. Balance.
D. Connection.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees： the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language： communication gestures translated
第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need， head to the front， and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. （31）
It turns out， it's just math working against you； chances are， the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. （32） Any small interruption ﹣ a price check， a chatty customer﹣can have downstream effects， holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability：（33） So it's not just in your mind： Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long，snaking line﹣ called a serpentine line ﹣ and serve each person at the front with the next available register.（34） This is what they do at most banks and fast﹣food restaurants. With a serpentine line， a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead， it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
（35） It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be： Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you？
B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines？
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line？
F. With three registers， this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes， as on a Sunday afternoon， the system gets particularly busy.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to（36） on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I（37） myself on a plane to Phoenix，Arizona. I was（38） at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However，within fifteen minutes of（39） ， my worries had gone. Everyone was so（40） and like﹣minded that it was very（41） to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8﹣day（42） . We had to（43） everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a（44） way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack， my legs were on fire.
My job was to（45） a stairway out of rock. This（46） climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited （栖息） by mountain lions， although I should say they were only heard never（47） .
Three days later， a beautiful stairway came into being. The（48） of knowing that my（49） will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were（50） in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to（51） . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only（52） part of my tent.
（53） ， I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I（54） . I think I am much（55） for having taken part in the project.
36．A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
37．A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
38．A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
39．A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
40．A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
41．A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
42．A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
43．A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
44．A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
45．A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
46．A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
47．A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
48．A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
49．A. work B. memory C. record D. story
50．A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
51．A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
52．A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
53．A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either ease
54．A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
55．A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
第二节（共1小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数） across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier （56） that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool（57） gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a
（58） （person） weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 （59） （consider） healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017， average rural BMI increased
（60） 2.1 in women and men. In cities， however， the gain（61） （be）1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries
（62） （study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later， the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed （63） （sharp）.
This may be due to some disadvantages for people（64） （live） in the countryside，including（65） （low） levels of income and education. higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66．假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 介绍活动安排；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
67．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin （南瓜） carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field， I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home， and as the eldest child I have an advantage﹣I carried an 85﹣pounder back last year.
This year， it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14﹣year﹣old brother， Jason， was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides， but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table，with my mom filming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter，but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table，hole uppermost，I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to quit，my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it，like a cork（软木塞）forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short﹣lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm going to set it down，now，" I said，and with Jason helping to support its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle， but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.
参考答案
第一部分听力
1-5．CBABA
6-10．A CBAC
11-15．CBCAB
16-20．BCCBA
第二部分阅读理解
21．【解析】根据第一段最后一句中的the 4-yea-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him- so he got on以及第二段中的That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. 可知,布赖尔利在25年前和家
人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A项。
【答案】A.
22．【解析】根据第四段中的Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011，he came across something familiar.可知，布赖尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选C项。
【答案】C
23．【解析】根据最后一段中的My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered.. because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true.可知，布赖尔利在采访中讲述了与母亲团聚时的心情与感受。故选B项。
【答案】B
24．【解析】第一段最后一句But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.提到沃特金斯关于人们每天走10英里路的预言是错误的。结合后文对此的解释一人们忙于生存，进而讲到人们也没有时间陪孩子走路上学。由此可推知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了引出文章的主题。故选B项。
【答案】B
25．【解析】根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing,living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.可知，导致澳大利亚儿童走路减少的原因是父母忙于工作挣钱，没有时间陪他们锻炼。
故选C项。
【答案】C
26．【解析】根据倒数第二段中的This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.可知,作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她听到儿子的更多想法,更了解她的儿子。故选D项。
【答案】D
27．【解析】根据第二段中的"Only humans and chimps， she said， had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们有意向其他成员发送信息）"可知，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于有意传递信息。
【答案】D
28．【解析】根据倒数第二段... the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a litle disappointing".可知，舒尔茨博士认为这项研究是一个好的尝试，但结果有些令人失望。故选B项。
【答案】B
29．【解析】根据第三段中的They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respeet. 可知，前文提到科学家认为黑猩猩的手势交流像我们人类语言的交流方式。结合最后一段的内容可知，科学家对些手势的意思不清楚,并解释了原因:另外，黑猩猩的手势交流方式与其他动物的手势交流方式无异，即还是和人类语言交流方式存在不同，故可推知gulf表示“差异”。故选A项。
【答案】A
30．【解析】根据第一段首句Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.以及下文关于这方面研究的讨论可知，文章主要介
绍科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,D项(黑猩猩语言翻译出来的交流手势)能涵盖文章的内容。故选D项。
【答案】D
31．【解析】上文描述了一种现象：你排队结账时选择了自认为最快的一队，但你选错了，你认为应该比你慢的另一队的人已经结完账离开了。根据下一段中的I turns out, it's just math workinge against you可知，下文给出了原因。由此可推知，此处应是提出问题,且应是针对前文所描述现象提出的问题，故A项(为什么这种事似乎总是发生在你身上 )符合语境，在此处起到承上启下的作用。
【答案】A
32．【解析】设空上句提到杂货店尽量雇用足够的员工来让所有顾客的等待时间最短。结合下句Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer... 提到的任何一个小的“插曲”都可能会影响、阻碍整列队伍的前进可推知，此处应讲到某些时间可能出现特殊情况，故G项(但有时,比如周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙)承上启下，符合语境。
【答案】G
33．【解析】根据空前的Think about the probability 可知，设空处应说明的是概率,结合上文的If there are three lines in the store和选项可知,D项(你的队伍前进得最快的概率只有三分之一)符合语境,D项中的chances和one in three 分别与上文的probabilty和three lines 相呼应。
【答案】D
34．【解析】根据本段首句中的a good way to deal with this problem和空前的serve each person at the front with the next available register可知，本段介绍了一种新的排队方法，即蛇形排队法。而后文介绍的是这种方法在生活中的应用场景和实际效果——整体上提高了队伍的移动速度。结合选项可知，F项(如果有三位收银员，这种方法就比传统方法快得多)符合语境;F项中的three registers承接上文描述的每位顾客对应一位不同的收银员 ,而F项中的much faster又与后文的speed up checkout overall相呼应。
【答案】F
35．【解析】上文介绍了新式排队方法的优点;下文的It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores cant afford the space or manpower.则解释了某些店无法采取蛇形排队法的理由;由此可推知，设空处应是提出问题，指出为何有些地方无法采用新式排队方式 故B项(为什么大多数地方不鼓励蛇形排队呢 )与下文相呼应，符合语境。
【答案】B
第三部分 语言运用
36．【解析】句意为：我开始在网上查询并且发现"美国志愿者"。根据前文的"Last year I decided to do some volunteer work."可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。calculate计算；negotiate协商；advertise登广告；research研究。
【答案】D
37．【解析】 句意为：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。根据前文的"I began to on the Internet…"可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。imagined想象； introduced介绍； enjoyed喜欢；found发现。
【答案】D
38．【解析】 句意为：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。根据后面的"my worries had gone."可知，我一开始很担忧。annoyed烦恼的；surprised惊讶的；scared害怕的；excited兴奋的。
【答案】C
39．【解析】 句意为：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。根据"feel at home"得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。arriving到达； sleeping睡觉；thinking思考； walking行走。
【答案】A
40．【解析】句意为：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据后文"and like﹣minded"可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。confident自信的； friendly友好的；energetic活力的；curious好奇的。
【答案】B
41．【解析】句意为：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据 "that like﹣minded"和"feel at home"得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。funny搞笑的； good好的；lucky幸运的；easy容易的。
【答案】D
42．【解析】 句意为：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。根据下文"for having taken part in the project"可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。tour游览；project项目；campaign活动； course课程。
【答案】B
43．【解析】 句意为：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。根据下文"with a heavy pack"可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。drop掉下； make制作； carry携带； buy购买。
【答案】C
44．【解析】句意为：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。根据前文"walk three miles"可知，作者他们走的路程不远。nice好的；safe安全的；long长的；quick快的。
【答案】C
45．【解析】 句意为：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。根据下文"climbing up and down the side of a mountain."可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。build建造；test测试；clean清洁；guard保卫。
【答案】A
46．【解析】 句意为：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。根据"climbing up and down"可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。helped帮助；ended结束；allowed允许；meant意味。
【答案】D
47．【解析】句意为：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。根据前文"although I should say they were only heard"可知，作者以前没有见过。hunted捕猎；trained训练；seen看到；fed喂养。
【答案】C
48．【解析】句意为：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。satisfaction满意；ambition雄心；expectation期待；intention意图。
【答案】A
49．【解析】句意为：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"My job was to""a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，修台阶是我的工作。work工作，作品；memory回忆；record记录；story故事。
【答案】A
50．【解析】句意为：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。根据下文"I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent"可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。left离开；caught捉住；attacked袭击；separated分离。
【答案】B
51．【解析】 句意为：温度接近零度。根据下文"trembling"得知温度很低。boiling煮沸的；average平均的；normal正常的； freezing冰冻的。
【答案】D
52．【解析】句意为：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。根据上文的"thunderstorm"和后文的"part of my tent"可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。tidy干净的；dry干的；new新的；soft软的。
【答案】B
53．【解析】句意为：不用说我受了很多苦。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。By the way顺便问一下； Regardless of that尽管这样；Needless to say 不用说；In either case在这两种情况下。
【答案】C
54．【解析】 句意为：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。根据上文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there."可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。survived生存； resisted反抗； escaped逃离，抓牢； recovered恢复。
【答案】A
55．【解析】句意为：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。根据前文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。smarter更聪明的；stronger更强壮的；happier更快乐的；busier更忙碌的。
【答案】B
56．【解析】句意为:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们都在变胖，大部分的增长源于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，此处that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise... 是两个由that引导的宾语从句，两者是并列关系，故填and。
【答案】and
57．【解析】句意为： BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool 是先行词，且在从句中做主语。
【答案】that/which
58．【解析】句意为：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person 是修饰weight的，用person的名词所有格person's.
【答案】person's
59．【解析】句意为：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系。
【答案】is considered
60．【解析】句意为：研究发现，1985 年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1，increase by表示“增加了”： increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（8.5﹣23.9）可知，increase by符合语境。
【答案】by
61．【解析】句意为：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3， 男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时。
【答案】was
62．【解析】句意为： 1985 年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系。
【答案】studied
63．【解析】句意为：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，修饰动词narrow，要用sharp的副词形式sharply。
【答案】sharply
64．【解析】句意为：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式。
【答案】living
65．【解析】句意见上一题解析。根据后文and连接的并列结构higher costs of healthy foods和fewer sports facilies 可知，此处应使用比较级，故填lower。
【答案】lower
第四部分 写作
略
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