2023届高考英语语法点梳理：被动语态 课件-（12张PPT）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语语法点梳理：被动语态 课件-（12张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 99.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-07-27 18:01:15 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共12张PPT)
8 被动语态 passive voice
被动语态的10种时态
“一般时”家族 “进行时”家族 “完成时”家族 “混合时”家族
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 完成进行时 /
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去将来时
一般将来时 将来进行时 / 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
is/am/
are done
was/
were done
shall/
will be done
was/
were being done
is/am/
are done
had been done
has/
have been done
shall/ will have been done
should/would be done
should/would have been done
【提示】被动语态无完成进行时和将来进行时，因此将谓语动词为完成进行时或将来进行时的句子变为被动句时，可用完成时态或一般时态来代替。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。
用现在完成时替代现在完成进行时，不能用...has been being repaired...
This subject will be discussed by us tomorrow morning.
明天早上这个题目将由我们讨论。
用一般将来时替代将来进行时，不能用...will be being discussed...
被动语态的句型
1.肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+（by...）
The child is well loved by people. 这个孩子很招人喜爱。
2.否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by...）
The battery wasn’t charged yesterday. 电池昨天没有被充电。
3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by...）
Was the package posted 包裹被寄出去了吗？
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by...）
Who was the flying disk invented by 飞碟是由谁发明的？
主动语态转换为被动语态
The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.
定语
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.
主语
谓语
by + 施动者
状语
主动语态转换为被动语态步骤
1：把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。
2：原主动句中的主语，如有必要，转换成宾格形式，放在介词by之后，如无必要，可省略。
3：把动词的主动形式改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”。
4：其他成分（定语、状语）不变，句子的时态不变。
被动语态的类型
1. 主语+谓语+宾语
Jack broke the window. → The window was broken (by Jack).
2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
间接宾语作主语：
I have asked Joe the question. →Joe has been asked the question (by me).
直接宾语做主语：
I have asked Joe the question. → The question has been asked (of) Joe (by me).
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
They will make Beijing more beautiful.
→Beijing will be made more beautiful (by them).
4. 主语+ 动词短语【不及物动词+介词/副词】+宾语
She looks after her grandmother.
→Her grandmother is looked after (by her). 介词after不可去掉
5. 主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语
We can easily download new books from the Internet.
我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。
→New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet (by us).
6.祈使句的被动语态（当主动句为肯定祈使句时）
（1）主动句：动词原形+宾语
（2）被动句：Let+原宾语+be+过去分词
Empty the rubbish bin at once!
→Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱！
被动语态的注意事项
1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
The toys are intended for children aged six and up. 那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。
2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时，不能用被动语态。
The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。
3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。
Does the pair of shoes suit you 那双鞋子你穿着合适吗？
4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时，不能用被动语态。
The jade weighs one ton. 这块玉石重1吨。
主动语态表被动含义的情况
（1）主语 + be worth + doing sth.
The novel is well worth reading. 这篇小说很值得一读。
（2）主语 + have/ get + sth. / sb. + done
I had my watch stolen. 我的手表被偷了。
（3）主语 + want/need/ require + doing sth.
The room needs cleaning. 这间屋子需要打扫。
（4）主语 + be + under / in + 抽象名词
The car is in repair. 那辆车正在修理。
被动语态与系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示动作；作表语的过去分词表示状态。
The store is closed at five p.m..
The store is closed.
2. 过去分词作表语，不能跟“by+名词（动作发出者）”结构，但常可以与其他介词短语连用。
I am not satisfied with her work.
He seemed worried about her health.
表动作，是被动语态
表状态，是系表结构
系表结构
系表结构
8 被动语态 passive voice
被动语态的10种时态
“一般时”家族 “进行时”家族 “完成时”家族 “混合时”家族
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 完成进行时 /
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去将来时
一般将来时 将来进行时 / 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
is/am/
are done
was/
were done
shall/
will be done
was/
were being done
is/am/
are done
had been done
has/
have been done
shall/ will have been done
should/would be done
should/would have been done
【提示】被动语态无完成进行时和将来进行时，因此将谓语动词为完成进行时或将来进行时的句子变为被动句时，可用完成时态或一般时态来代替。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。
用现在完成时替代现在完成进行时，不能用...has been being repaired...
This subject will be discussed by us tomorrow morning.
明天早上这个题目将由我们讨论。
用一般将来时替代将来进行时，不能用...will be being discussed...
被动语态的句型
1.肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+（by...）
The child is well loved by people. 这个孩子很招人喜爱。
2.否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by...）
The battery wasn’t charged yesterday. 电池昨天没有被充电。
3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by...）
Was the package posted 包裹被寄出去了吗？
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by...）
Who was the flying disk invented by 飞碟是由谁发明的？
主动语态转换为被动语态
The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.
定语
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.
主语
谓语
by + 施动者
状语
主动语态转换为被动语态步骤
1：把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。
2：原主动句中的主语，如有必要，转换成宾格形式，放在介词by之后，如无必要，可省略。
3：把动词的主动形式改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”。
4：其他成分（定语、状语）不变，句子的时态不变。
被动语态的类型
1. 主语+谓语+宾语
Jack broke the window. → The window was broken (by Jack).
2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
间接宾语作主语：
I have asked Joe the question. →Joe has been asked the question (by me).
直接宾语做主语：
I have asked Joe the question. → The question has been asked (of) Joe (by me).
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
They will make Beijing more beautiful.
→Beijing will be made more beautiful (by them).
4. 主语+ 动词短语【不及物动词+介词/副词】+宾语
She looks after her grandmother.
→Her grandmother is looked after (by her). 介词after不可去掉
5. 主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语
We can easily download new books from the Internet.
我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。
→New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet (by us).
6.祈使句的被动语态（当主动句为肯定祈使句时）
（1）主动句：动词原形+宾语
（2）被动句：Let+原宾语+be+过去分词
Empty the rubbish bin at once!
→Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱！
被动语态的注意事项
1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
The toys are intended for children aged six and up. 那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。
2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时，不能用被动语态。
The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。
3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。
Does the pair of shoes suit you 那双鞋子你穿着合适吗？
4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时，不能用被动语态。
The jade weighs one ton. 这块玉石重1吨。
主动语态表被动含义的情况
（1）主语 + be worth + doing sth.
The novel is well worth reading. 这篇小说很值得一读。
（2）主语 + have/ get + sth. / sb. + done
I had my watch stolen. 我的手表被偷了。
（3）主语 + want/need/ require + doing sth.
The room needs cleaning. 这间屋子需要打扫。
（4）主语 + be + under / in + 抽象名词
The car is in repair. 那辆车正在修理。
被动语态与系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示动作；作表语的过去分词表示状态。
The store is closed at five p.m..
The store is closed.
2. 过去分词作表语，不能跟“by+名词（动作发出者）”结构，但常可以与其他介词短语连用。
I am not satisfied with her work.
He seemed worried about her health.
表动作，是被动语态
表状态，是系表结构
系表结构
系表结构