2022年高考英语真题模拟试题点拨：完形填空（15空）（含解析）

（10）完形填空（15空）——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷】
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 1 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 2 along Chalk Creek. I was 3 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 4 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 5 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 6 —he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 7 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 8 our peaceful morning trip. The 9 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 10 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 11 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 12 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back. We were 13 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 14 , wondering what camping fun and 15 we will experience next.
1.A.ideas B.jokes C.memories D.discoveries
2.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled
3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried
4.A.unhurt B.unfortunate C.uncomfortable D.unafraid
5.A.due to B.instead of C.apart from D.as for
6.A.worked B.happened C.mattered D.changed
7.A.signed up B.calmed down C.checked out D.headed off
8.A.arranged B.interrupted C.completed D.recorded
9.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed
10.A.find B.hide C.start D.fix
11.A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal
12.A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly
13.A.sorry B.brave C.safe D.right
14.A.relief B.duty C.pride D.excitement
15.A.failure B.adventure C.performance D.conflict
二、【2022届广东省四校高三第二次联考】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike What about your first heartbreak 1 moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades, powerfully shaping who we are as individuals. But for those who experience severe trauma(创伤), such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions. So, what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much 2 For now, the work is happening in mice.
Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram -- a physical change in brain tissue 3 a particular recollection. While at MIT in 2013, Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that 4 one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice 5 in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.
In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether 6 memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones. In their experiments, positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. After a surgical operation on the mice, the researchers find that 7 positive memories while mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful. They think that this memory “retraining" may be helping to 8 some of the mouse's trauma. 9 , it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed (抑制).
10 Ramirez’s team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary (初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories 11 , for instance, so that they don’t have a strong 12 response to painful recollections.
If it’s one day possible to alter human memory, who should be allowed to receive that treatment And would the 13 system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime These are questions New York University bioethicist (生物伦理学家) Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.
As neuroscientists progress with their research, they say these 14 issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of 15 memories as neither good nor bad. Like water, it just depends on how you use it.
1.A.Forgettable B.Memorable C.Sustainable D.Believable
2.A.dignity B.struggle C.pain D.movement
3.A.associated with B.exchanged for C.sentenced to D.rid of
4.A.put off B.pick up C.turn on D.make up
5.A.reacted B.hurried C.stunned D.resolved
6.A.short-term B.negative C.enjoyable D.reliable
7.A.deleting B.decreasing C.activating D.pausing
8.A.recreate B.erase C.liberate D.memorize
9.A.However B.Besides C.Indeed D.Therefore
10.A.Since B.Unless C.Until D.While
11.A.removed B.strengthened C.altered D.stimulated
12.A.emotional B.physical C.controversial D.mechanical
13.A.immune B.justice C.medical D.commerce
14.A.mental B.equality C.criminal D.ethical
15.A.killing B.multiplying C.controlling D.justifying
三、【2022届辽宁省大连市部分学校高三联合模拟考试】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On March 11, 2021, World Kidney (肾脏) Day, the actress Raisa wrote on Twitter: “I‘ve kept my kidney donation process pretty private. However, I think I‘ve got to a point where I feel comfortable in speaking about my experience ...” Showing her 1 , the singer Gomez responded, writing: “Thank you for blessing me.
In 2015, Gomez was diagnosed with a terrible disease and soon she became seriously ill. She even had to deal with the mental health problems 2 from her battle with the disease.
Although she was then living with Raisa, Gomez did not tell her long-time friend about the 3 of her health troubles. “I hadn‘t asked anything. I knew that she hadn‘t been feeling well,” Raisa recalled in an interview. “She couldn‘t open a water bottle one day. She then started crying, and I asked, What‘s wrong ‘ “ That‘s when Gomez revealed that she needed a kidney transplant(移植), but that the waiting list was 4 long. Deeply 5 about her friend‘s condition, Raisa decided that she would get tested to see if she could be a 6 for her. Gomez immediately refused, not wanting to make Raisa put her entire career and life 7 for her, but the actress insisted, and amazingly turned 8 to be a match indeed.
With physical and psychological evaluations(评估) taking place over the 9 of a single day rather than the usual six months, Gomez and Raisa began their 10 journey. The surgery was 11 successful. It wasn‘t long, however, before Gomez‘s new kidney began to turn around inside her body, which then resulted in a second surgery, 12 by a lengthy process of recovery. Gomez, now back to normal, is certain that she 13 her life to Raisa, a true friend indeed.
Both Gomez and Raisa said it was their 14 that guided them through their emotional journey. The pair also hope that sharing their story can have a positive impact on others. “I don‘t think what we went through was 15 . I just hope this inspires people to believe that there‘re really good people in the world,” said Gomez.
1.A.gratitude B.generosity C.determination D.anticipation
2.A.suffering B.resulting C.escaping D.hearing
3.A.extent B.prevention C.meaning D.recovery
4.A.violently B.respectfully C.hopelessly D.greedily
5.A.curious B.fascinated C.excited D.concerned
6.A.donor B.helper C.volunteer D.carrier
7.A.in order B.at risk C.in doubt D.in vain
8.A.away B.out C.down D.over
9.A.duration B.procedure C.concept D.cause
10.A.shared B.similar C.smooth D.safe
11.A.gradually B.naturally C.originally D.instantly
12.A.driven B.enhanced C.depressed D.followed
13.A.owes B.contributes C.introduces D.devotes
14.A.effort B.fortune C.faith D.bravery
15.A.complicated B.easy C.realistic D.peaceful
四、【2022届山东省高三第一次模拟考试】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ms. Salomon had only been working at Sainsbury’s for a year when she was diagnosed (诊断) with A1zheimer’s disease. Before that, she had been 1 to leave her job as a bookkeeper because she was becoming increasingly 2 .
Upon being informed of her diagnosis. 3 , the Sainsbury’s staffers started doing all they could to make sure that Ms. Salomon felt comfortable and 4 . For the next four years, Sainsbury’s did everything to keep Ms. Salomon on the team. They changed her 5 ; they stayed in 6 with her family so they could provide 7 on her condition at work; they 8 retrained her. When the disease progressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely 9 job for her as a “tote box cleaner”.
In 2017.Ms.Salomon’s received a medical 10 that said her Alzheimer’s had progressed to the advanced stage. and she was 11 unemployable. Again, Sainsbury’s kept her on the team.
Ms. Salomon’s 12 finally came to an end 6 months later, and though it was an emotional 13 , she was also relieved.
“There have been so many times Sainsbury’s could have let her 14 ,” Ms. Salomon’s son Doron said. “Instead, they have always 15 her, going above and beyond to make sure she’s happy and feeling valued. On a human level, they have shown sensitivity, kindness and care.”
1.A.warned B.allowed C.inspired D.forced
2.A.disorganized B.worried C.bad-tempered D.ill-mannered
3.A.meanwhile B.therefore C.however D.moreover
4.A.appreciated B.interested C.amazed D.connected
5.A.1ifestyle B.hours C.diet D.attitude
6.A.harmony B.contact C.agreement D.cooperation
7.A.opinions B.suggestions C.instructions D.updates
8.A.rarely B.occasionally C.regularly D.temporarily
9.A.traditional B.new C.strange D.easy
10.A.assessment B.program C.paper D.certificate
11.A.made B.proved C.declared D.found
12.A.fortune B.adventure C.employment D.treatment
13.A.problem B.experience C.consequence D.departure
14.A.go B.survive C.work D.suffer
15.A.counted on B.stood by C.focused on D.dropped by
五、【2022届辽宁省辽南部分学校高三第二次模拟考试】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On the sports field, athletes compete not only with others but against themselves. And in each race they try hard to 1 a new personal best.
For one teen Brandon Schutt, in his final cross-country(越野的) outing, his personal best turned out not to be about marking the fastest time, but displaying the biggest 2 . A mile into the 3.1-mile race, Schutt realized he couldn’t keep up the necessary speed, so he just 3 to a comfortable pace to simply enjoy the moment.
Another runner Blake Cerveny aimed to beat his own personal record. After a fast start, he continued to push himself 4 . However, with less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up(抽筋) and 5 him. His will didn’t though.
6 to finish, Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on his way, only to fall again after another 150 meters. Feeling 7 , his coach asked Cerveny if he wanted to 8 . He didn’t. The young runner pulled himself up and with 9 steps, he moved forward for one final push. It wasn’t enough. At 100 meters from the finish line, he 10 curled(蜷缩的) on the ground. His legs had simply given out. Then it was Schutt who went to Cerveny’s side to offer a 11 hand.
His first 12 to get Cerveny up failed, but Schutt refused to quit. With a second try, Cerveny was on his feet. The two 13 the final 75 meters.
In today’s competitive world, the 14 of athletics is usually put on breaking records. It was inspiring to see that for athletes like Schutt, the value of true 15 still mattered.
1.A.achieve B.demand C.expect D.accept
2.A.heart B.brain C.patience D.luck
3.A.applied B.slowed C.moved D.added
4.A.slightly B.carefully C.hard D.casually
5.A.joined B.failed C.ignored D.forced
6.A.Curious B.Excited C.Easy D.Resolved
7.A.confused B.amused C.disappointed D.concerned
8.A.stand up B.calm down C.back off D.break down
9.A.unsteady B.unadjusted C.unaffected D.unskilled
10.A.waved B.lay C.mounted D.stood
11.A.soft B.helping C.greeting D.firm
12.A.experiment B.plan C.request D.attempt
13.A.recorded B.valued C.emphasis D.completed
14.A.habit B.problem C.measured D.permission
15.A.sportsmanship B.honesty C.workmanship D.independence
六、【2022届湖南省高三下学期第二次联考】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My boss recently asked me, “Do you know why 1 hired you Because you didn't sell yourself. Instead, you said, 'I researched your website and saw how many 1 vets you have, and I want to learn from them.' and that's why I hired you. You showed vulnerability(脆弱).” So,what is vulnerability For me,vulnerability means 2 your fear of embarrassment and allowing personal 3 . It has traditionally been viewed as a(n) 4 in the workplace. The very thought of 5 your weaknesses is terrifying. However, we can 6 the views surrounding it. I'm talking about the vulnerability that strengthens courage and 7 more success as a vet.
After graduation, I started working in a clinic where I didn't have the help I required. Quickly becoming 8 within 18 months, I didn't want to be a vet anymore. During this period, I realized without the support I wanted, I was potentially making mistakes I wasn't even 9 of. Was I treating patients 10 I wouldn't know.
I decided to be vulnerable. I accepted that I was living with poor mental health and 11 important knowledge. I wanted to find somewhere I'd be able to continue building my knowledge, not as a(n) 12 vet, but as an excellent one. After two and a half years working as a vet, I have finally found a place where I get the support I need. My 13 is: be vulnerable and have the 14 to accept it. Find somewhere that will support you and push you to do better. Vulnerability should be viewed as a(n) 15 rather than a liability(不利因素) in the workplace. It is the ability to show people that you are human.
1.A.amusing B.alarming C.amazing D.astonishing
2.A.stepping aside B.putting aside C.building up D.picking up
3.A.crash B.contact C.protest D.growth
4.A.quality B.advantage C.weakness D.competence
5.A.sheltering B.exposing C.rescuing D.covering
6.A.regard B.change C.reserve D.ignore
7.A.devotes to B.turns to C.contributes to D.adapts to
8.A.exhausted B.appreciated C.inspired D.threatened
9.A.fond B.proud C.aware D.confident
10.A.effectively B.effortlessly C.positively D.traditionally
11.A.gaining B.lacking C.tracking D.applying
12.A.potential B.professional C.average D.reliable
13.A.intention B.point C.issue D.problem
14.A.honor B.sense C.courage D.power
15.A.talent B.experience C.lesson D.strength
七、【2022届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班第三次联考】
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t move. What' s worse, he was unable to ask for help--his mobile phone went out of 1 as a result of exhausted (用尽的) battery. Nothing could be done but 2 in cold wilderness. It was 8 hours later that the rescue 3 .
It was almost 4 that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long. “First of all I 5 my physical conditions and found myself not in deadly danger, so I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from 6 . In this way I dozed(打盹) off.
I recalled an exploration adventure that happened last year. A group of young men 7 to explore a mountain cave and got lost. 8 to find a way out in the dark cave, they were frightened and ran 9 without a sense of direction. Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the 10 people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the opening of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to 11 themselves they would probably sense a faint light flashing no far away,
Don’t you think that you can compare it with 12 itself When you meet with difficulties in life, you are lost in 13 . Don't lose heart. 14 you that it’s unclear yet and you needn't put up struggle immediately It seems to be a negative (消极的) attitude, 15 a person who can do so must have foresight as well as a great courage in the first place.
1.A.work B.way C.control D.service
2.A.cry B.lie C.wait D.sleep
3.A.delayed B.arrived C.canceled D.succeed
4.A.untrue B.unimaginable C.possible D.useless
5.A.checked in B.checked out C.checked for D.checked up
6.A.rotting B.spreading C.bleeding D.running
7.A.had B.managed C.planned D.tried
8.A.Willing B.Unable C.Determined D.Deciding
9.A.anxiously B.sadly C.fortunately D.quickly
10.A.rescue B.village C.local D.brave
11.A.save B.help C.stop D.calm
12.A.adventure B.life C.work D.mankind
13.A.darkness B.yourself C.thought D.despair
14.A.Mind B.Watch C.Imagine D.Warn
15.A.and B.so C.but D.while
八、【2022届辽宁省高三3月联考】
When Sheppard began to go blind in her 40s, she cried. Hadn't she suffered too much since she became partly deaf as a child That 1 had made her strong and determined.
"This isn't fair, she whispered. The doctors said she'd never regain her 2 Since childhood, Sheppard has always been a dancer. But she was so scared that she 3 left her apartment. She worried about her appearance. She wondered，"What if people 4 me differently "
However, several months later, Sheppard wanted to show her work still 5 . As hard as it was, Sheppard forced herself to 6 . She attended a party for people with sight problems, and was shocked to find they all sat, still and physically 7 . "No!" she told herself. "That's not the way I want to live!"She pushed herself not to be 8 .
Sheppard continued to work until her vision further 9 in her 50s.She kept dancing, just as her 10 since childhood had instructed her. Sheppard was 61 when she 11 a summer camp for the blind, where she taught line dancing. Then, she was invited to teach at a community centre. Her classes proved to be so 12 that she was hired soon.
Sheppard taught over thirty students, most of whom were 13 whose eyesight had worsened. With 14 , she equipped them with confidence and independence. These days, Sheppard 15 a light exercise class for those blind elders via conference call. As Sheppard says, "We may be blind, but we can make a difference."
1.A.signal B.advantage C.story D.struggle
2.A.emotion B.feeling C.sight D.hearing
3.A.horribly B.firmly C.rarely D.cautiously
4.A.assist B.treat C.describe D.expect
5.A.performed B.reacted C.deserved D.mattered
6.A.go out B.get off C.take off D.leave behind
7.A.forgiven B.injured C.withdrawn D.refreshed
8.A.reliable B.fearful C.merciful D.lonely
9.A.declined B.reappeared C.progressed D.interrupted
10.A.strength B.carelessness C.deafness D.imagination
11.A.donated B.planned C.created D.attended
12.A.popular B.active C.pleasant D.proper
13.A.juniors B.seniors C.teenagers D.adults
14.A.protection B.laughter C.approval D.encouragement
15.A.conducts B.abandons C.imitates D.honors
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-5 CADCB 6-10 ADBAC 11-15 ADCDB
解析：1.前文说过去10年作者一家有美好的野营经历(My husband...over the past ten years), 下文说"especially from the early years when our children were little", 由此判断此处应选C, 表示"记忆, 回忆"。idea"想法"; joke"玩笑"; discovery"发现"。
2.根据下文的"He was 4 , and his crying let the whole campground know it"可知, 此处表示作者一家选择在Chalk Creek旁边露营, 因此应选A, 表示"露营, 野营"。
3.根据空后的"that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪)"可知, 这里说的是作者担心自己15个月的孩子会掉进小溪里, 因此选D。
4.前文说作者"tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot", 下文提到孩子哭叫。由此可推知, 孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服(uncomfortable), 因此选C。注意文中细致的描述并厘清故事的脉络才能正确解答本题: 被绳子拴住→不舒服→哭叫。
5.前文说作者给15个月大的孩子系上绳子, 孩子因不舒服而哭叫, 下文说"I just kept a close eye on him", 由此可知, 这里表示作者不再用绳子拴着他, 因此选B, 表示"而不是, 代替"。
6.根据上文内容和下文中的"he didn't end up in the creek"可知, 这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的孩子, 这一招很有效, 孩子没有掉进小溪里, 故选A。
7.根据语境可知, 此处指作者一家人出发时天气还是晴朗的, 但暴风雨快速来临了。因此这里应用head off表示"出发"。
8.根据语境及常识可知, 这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断了作者一家平静的旅途, 因此选B, 表示"打断"。
9.前文说山中暴风雨来得很快, 再结合空后的"picked up and thunder rolled"可知, 此处应选A, 表示"风越来越大"。
10.根据空前的"stopped fishing"及下文中的"We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor"可知, 作者一家人乘坐的船原本停在湖面, 作者的丈夫在钓鱼, 暴风雨来临之后丈夫赶紧启动(start)船只的发动机, 因此选C。
11.结合前文的"Nothing"和下文中的"We were stuck in the middle of the lake"可知, 作者的丈夫再次启动发动机, 不幸的是还是发动不了, 故选A。
12.前文说发动机发动不了, 船被困在湖中, 由此可推知, 当时作者一家人无计可施, 因此选D, 表示"无助地"。
13.前文说作者一家人被困湖中, 此时一个渔民把作者一家人拖到岸边, 由此可推知最终我们"安全"了, 因此选C。
14.下文说"wondering what camping fun and 15 we will experience next", 由此可知, 作者很喜欢这样的经历, 因此选D, 表示"兴奋"。
15.根据前文对两次野营经历的描述可知, 此处应用名词adventure表示"奇遇, 冒险"。
二、
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D; 5.A; 6.B; 7.C; 8.B; 9.A; 10.D; 11.C; 12.A; 13.B; 14.D; 15.C
解析：1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那些记忆深刻的时刻和他们激起的情感可以几十年在我们的头脑中产生共鸣,塑造着我们是谁。A.Forgettable 忘记了的;B. Memorable 记忆深刻的; C.Sustainable 可持续的; D. Believable 可以相信的。根据上句“Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike ”(作者问第一次骑车的时候)可知,作者在讲过去的记忆。故选 B。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果这些创伤不会造成如此多的伤害,那会怎么样呢 A.dignity 尊严;B.struggle 奋斗; C.pain 痛苦; D.movement 运动。根据上句“such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions.(这些痛苦的记忆会给人们带来改变生活的精神状况。)“创伤”应该是痛苦的经历,所以会造成“痛苦”。 故选 C。
3.考查动词短语辨析。句意:神经系统科学家通常定义一个记忆为“一个印迹符号”--在大脑组织中的和一个特定的记忆有关的物理改变。A.associated with 和...有关;B.exchanged for 交换; C.sentenced to 判刑;D.rid of 摆脱。“ define a singular memory as ”本句解释的是“memory”的定义, recllection 是它的近义词,因此应该是“和它相关的”。故选 A。
4.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们能够瞄准那个构成记忆符号的细胞,然后植入一个虚假的记忆。A.put off 推迟;B.pick up 捡起;C. turn on 打开; D.make up 构成。根据“a physical change in brain tissue ____,a particular recollection. ”(科学家对“engram”的定义)可知,那个细胞储存着记忆,构成了记忆符号。故选 D。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在他们的工作中,老鼠会对某个特定的刺激作出惊恐的反应,即使当它们提前没有遭遇到这种情况。A. reacted 反应;B.hurried 匆忙; C.stunned 震惊; D.resolved 决心。根据“They were able to target the cells that _____ one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. ”(科学家们在做研究,“往它们体内植入虚假的记忆”),所以应该是老鼠对此作出反应。故选 A。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在他们当前的工作中,他和同事正在调查是否这些消极的记忆可以被积极的记忆改写。A.short-term 短期的;B.negative 消极的;C.enjoyable 快乐的; D.reliable 可靠的。根据后文的“ be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知,本空应该是它的反义词。故选 B。
7.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在对老鼠进行外科手术之后科学家们发现,当老鼠在笼子里的时候激活那些积极的记忆会让它不再那么恐惧。A.deleting 删除;B.decreasing 减少;C.activating 激活; D.pausing 暂停。根据“positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour”,(科学家们对老鼠输入了积极的记忆),所以推测本句指“激活”这些积极记忆。故选 C。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们认为这种记忆的“重新训练”有助于去除掉老鼠的一些创伤。A.recreate 重新创造;B.erase 消除;C.liberate 解放;D.memorize 记住。根据下文,“it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed”(不知这些原始恐惧是否完全消失)可知,本句指这样做可以“消除”掉一些创伤。故选 B。
9.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,是否这些原始的恐惧记忆完全消除或抑制是不清楚的。A. However 然而;B.Besides 另外;C.Indeed 实际上;D. Therefore 因此。根据上文“They think that this memory “retraining" may be helping to ______some of the mouse's trauma. ”,这样做有助于消除恐惧记忆,下句又讲“能否完全消除还不清楚”,因此两句之间是转折关系。故选 A。
10.考查连词词义辨析。句意:尽管他们的团队强调他们在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的,但是他们也看到了在这条路上为人类治疗的潜力。A.Since 因为; B.Unless 除非;C.Until 直到; D.While 然而。根据从句中“preliminary(初步的)”一词,及主句中“潜力”一词,可推出主从句之间为转折关系。故选 D。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:例如,那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换,以致于他们对痛苦的经历没有一种强烈的反应。A.removed 移除;B.strengthened 加强;C.altered 转换;D.stimulated 刺激。根据“Ramirez’s team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary(初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road”,“科学家们在对老鼠做实验的成效中,看到了人类治疗的潜能”,所以本句是这种“潜能”应用的例子,就是可以转换人的记忆。故选 C。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:例如,那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换,以致 于他们对痛苦的经历 没有一种强烈的反应 。 A.emotional 情感的 ;B.physical 身体的 C.controversial 有争议的;D.mechanical 机械的;本空修饰“response to painful recollection”’(人对痛苦回忆的反应),这种反应应该是“情感上的”。故选 A。
13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果关键的证人和受害者不能记得犯罪事件,那么执法系统会处于不利地位吗 A.immune 免疫的;B.justice 公正的,正义,执法制度;C.medical 医疗的; D.commerce 商业。根据 “system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime ”意思,证人和受害者不记得犯罪事件后,那么“执法部门”就无法找到确切的犯罪证据。故选 B。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:伴随着神经科学家们的研究进展,他们说这些道德上的问题也正在被考虑中。A.mental 精神的;B. equality 平等性;C.criminal 罪犯的;D. ethical 道德上的,伦理的。根据“These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about ”作者提出,如果这种技术应用在人身上后,会出现的各种问题可知,这些问题都属于 “道德”方面的。故选 D。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:Ramirez 认为这种控制记忆的想法既不是好的,也不是坏的,这取决于你怎样使用它。A.killing 杀害;B.multiplying 繁殖;C.controlling 控制;D.justifying 证明...合法,辩护。根据“memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知,本文主要讲“改变人的记忆”的问题,所以这里应该是“控制记忆”。故选 C。
三、
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C; 5.D; 6.A; 7.B; 8.B; 9.A; 10.A; 11.C; 12.D; 13.A; 14.C; 15.B
四、
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B; 6.B; 7.D; 8.C; 9.B; 10.A; 11.C; 12.C; 13.D; 14.A; 15.B
解析：1.因为患有疾病,她被迫离开记账员的工作岗位。force“被迫,迫使”。
2.disorganized“杂乱的,紊乱的”。她离开工作岗位是因为她的精神状态变得越来越紊乱。
3.however“然而”。然而,塞恩斯伯里超市的工作人员竭尽全力让她感到舒适和受重视。
4.appreciated“受重视的,受赏识的”。文章最后一段“feeling valued”可得到提示。
5.塞恩斯伯里超市为了帮助萨洛蒙女士改变了她的工作时间。
6.他们还与她的家人保持联系以便为家人提供她在工作时身体状况的最新动态。stay in contact with“保持联系”。
7.updates“更新”。
8.他们还经常对她进行再培训。regularly“有规律地,经常”。
9.当疾病恶化的时候,塞恩斯伯里超市甚至为她设置了一份全新的工作。
10.assessment“评估”。在 2017 年,萨洛蒙女士收到了一份医疗评估。
11.因为她的疾病已经发展到了晚期,她被宣布不能继续工作了。declare“声明,宣布”。
12.萨洛蒙女士最终在六个月后离开了工作岗位。employment“工作,雇佣”。
13.departure“离开,分别”。
14.有很多次塞恩斯伯里超市本可以让她离开。let sb. go “让某人走,放手”。
15.相反的是,他们总是支持她,确保她开心和感到受重视。stand by“继续支持”。
五、
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C; 5.B; 6.D; 7.D; 8.C; 9.A; 10.B; 11.B; 12.D; 13.D; 14.C; 15.A
解析：1.考查动词词义辩析。句意:在每一场比赛中,他们都努力达到新的个人最好成绩。A.achieve实现;B.demand要求;C.expect期待;D.accept接受;根据上文“On the sports field, athletes compete not only with others but against themselves(运动员在运动场上不仅和其他人竞争也和自己竞争)可知,此处应该是尽力实现最好的自己,所以空格处用achieve表示实现”,符合语境。故选A项。
2.考查名词词义辩析。句意:少年布兰登舒特Brandon Schutt在最后一次越野比赛中,他的个人最佳成绩并不是跑出最快的速度,而是展现出最大的勇气。A.heart心、勇气;B.brain大脑;C.patience耐心;D.luck幸运。根据下文“A mile into the 3.1-mile race, Schutt realized he couldn't keep up the necessary speed(在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后,舒特意识到他无法保持必要的速度)'和下文“a comfortable pace to simply enjoy the moment.(以舒适的步伐享受当下)"可知,觉得自己无法保持状态就享受比赛,不在乎输赢这需要很大的勇气,所以此处用heart表示“勇气”,符合语境。故选A项。
3.考查动词词义辩析。句意:在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后,舒特意识到自己无法保持必要的速度,所以他放慢了速度,只是为了享受这一刻。A.applied申请、运用;B.slowed减缓、放慢;C.moved移动;D.added增加。根据上文“Schutt realized he couldn't keep up the necessary speed(他意识到达不到必需的速度)"可知,他意识到达不到必需的速度,所以此处指减慢到舒服的速度享受比赛,符合语境。故选B项。
4.考查副词词义辩析。句意:在快速开始后,他继续努力。A.slightly稍微、轻微地;B.carefully仔细地:C.hard努力地、艰难地:D.casually随意地。根据上文“Another runner Blake Cerveny aimed to beat his own personal record.(另一名运动员布雷克塞文尼的目的是打破自己的个人记录)可知,赛文尼的目的是打破自己的纪录,所以此处用push himself hard表示“努力推动自己'符合语境。故选C项。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,在离终点不到400米的时候,赛文尼的腿抽筋了,他失败了。A.joined加入;B.failed失败;C.ignored忽视;D.forced强迫。根据上文“Cerveny's legs cramped up(赛文尼的腿抽筋了)可知,腿抽筋了,可以推断腿让他失望了,无能为力了,所以用failed表示他“失败了"符合语境。故选B项。
6.考查形容词词义辩析。句意:赛文尼下定决心要完成任务,他从地面上起来,继续前进,但在150米后又跌倒了。A.Curioust好奇的;B.Excited兴奋的:C.Easy容易的;D.Resolved下定决心的。根据下文“Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on his way(赛文尼从地面上站了起来继续参加比赛)可知,腿抽筋了还要爬起来完成比赛,很有决心,所以此处用resolved表示“下定决心"完成比赛,符合语境。故选D项。
7.考查形容词词义辩析。句意:他的教练很担心,问赛文尼是否想退场。A.confused困惑的B.amused觉得好笑的;C.disappointed失望的:D.concerned担心的。根据上文Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on his way,。only to fall again after another 150meters.(赛文尼摔倒以后,站起来,跑了150米,又摔倒了)"可知,此处指教练担心他的情况,所以用concerned表示教练是“担心的”,符合语境。故选D项。
8.考查短语辩析。句意:他的教练很担心,问赛文尼是否想放弃比赛。A.stand up起立;B.calm down平静下来;C.back off放弃;D.break down倒塌、分解、发生故障。根据根据上文Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on his way,。only to fall again after another 150 meters.(赛文尼摔倒以后,站起来,跑了150米,又摔倒了)可知,教练担心他的情况,所以此处用back off指询问是否“放弃比赛,符合语境。故选C项。
9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:年轻的跑步者爬了起来,踉踉跄跄地向前推了最后一把。A.unsteady不稳定的;B.unadjusted味调整的;C.unaffected不受影响的:D.unskilled不熟练的。根据上文Cerveny's legs cramped up(赛文尼的腿抽筋了)"可知,塞文尼腿抽筋,一直坚持比赛,应该是脚步不稳,所以此处用unsteady表示脚步“不稳定”,符合语境。故选A项。
10.考查动词词义辩析。句意:在距离终点线100米处,他蜷缩着躺在地上。A.waved挥动;B.lay躺;C.mounted爬上;D.stood站立。根据下文“His legs had simply given out(他的退没有力气了)可知,他的腿没有力气了,Schutt试图把他扶起,可知此处指他蜷缩着“躺"在地上。故选B项。
11.考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意:接着,舒特走到塞文尼身边,伸出了援助之手。A.soft柔软的;B.helping有帮助的;C greetingl问候;D.firm坚定的。根据上文“Then it was Schutt who went to Cerveny's side(然后是舒特去了塞文尼那边)可知,舒特试图把塞文尼扶起,所以此处用helping hand表示申出“援助之手符合语境。故选B项。
12.考查名词词义辩析。句意:他的第一次尝试失败了,但舒特拒绝退出。A.experiment实验;B.plan计划;C.request要求;D.attempt尝试。根据上文第1l题可知,Schutt帮助Cerveny,所以此处应该指试图把他扶起,符合语境。故选D项。
13.考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:两人完成了最后的75米。A.recorded记录:B.valued重视、估价;C.emphasis强调:D.completed完成。根据上文“With a second try,Cerveny was on his feet.(又试了一次,塞文尼站了起来)'可知,舒特把塞文尼扶起可知两个人一起“完成了比赛。故选D项。
14.考查名词词义辩析。句意:在当今竞争激烈的世界,衡量体育运动的标准通常是打破记录。A.habit习惯:B.problem问题:C.measure测量;D.permission许可。根据第一段“On the sports field,athletes compete not only with others but against themselves(在运动场上,运动员不仅与他人竞净,而且与自己竞争)可知,此处指在今天竞争的社会,“衡量”体育运动的标准应该是打破记录。故选C项。
15.考查名词词义辩析。句意:对于像舒特这样的运动员来说,真正的体育精神仍然很重要,这令人鼓舞。A.sportsmanship体育精神;B.honesty诚实;C.workmanship技艺;D.independence独立。根据上文第13题可知,舒特扶起塞文尼,一起完成比赛,应该是体现了真正的“体育精神”。故选A项。
六、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C; 5.B; 6.B; 7.B; 8.A; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.C; 13.B; 14.C; 15.C
解析：1.考查形容词及语境理解。A.amusing逗乐的;B.alarming引起恐慌的;C.amazing不可思议的,了不起的;D.astonishing令人震惊的。句意:相反,你说:"我研究了你的网站,看到了很多了不起的兽医"。根据后文"I want to learn from them"(我想向他们学习)可知,这些兽医是了不起的,故选C。
2.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.stepping aside避开;B.putting aside搁置;C.building up建立;D.picking up捡起。句意:对我来说,脆弱意味着抛开对尴尬的恐惧,允许个人成长。根据后文"your fear of embarrassment and allowing personal(3)"可知此处指"抛开对尴尬的恐惧",把自己放在一个低位,故选B。
3.考查名词及语境理解。A.crash撞车;B.contact联系;C.protest抗议;D.growth成长,增长。句意:对我来说,脆弱意味着抛开对尴尬的恐惧,允许个人成长。根据上文语境,抛开对尴尬的恐惧,把自己放在一个低位,虚心向别人学习,才能进步和成长,故选D。
4.考查名词及语境理解。A.quality质量;B.advantage优势;C.weakness弊端,缺点,劣势;D.competence能力,胜任。句意:这在传统上被视为职场上的一个劣势。根据后文weaknesses原词复现可知,脆弱性传统上被视为职场上的一个劣势,故选C。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.sheltering掩蔽;B.exposing暴露;C.rescuing救援;D.covering覆盖。句意:一想到要暴露自己的弱点就很可怕。根据后文"your weaknesses is terrifying."可知此处指"暴露自己的弱点",故选B。
6.考查动词及语境理解。A.regard看作;B.change改变;C.reserve预订;D.ignore忽视。句意:但是,我们可以改变关于它的看法。表示转折关系的However表明此处表示"改变关于它的看法",故选B。
7.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.devotes to致力于;C.contributes to促成,有助于;B.turns to转向;D.adapt to适应。句意:我说的是脆弱性增强了勇气,有助于成为一名更成功的兽医。根据上文" strengthens courage "可知,脆弱性增强了勇气,有助于成为一名更成功的兽医,故选B。
8.考查形容词及语境理解。A.exhausted筋疲力竭的;B.appreciated被欣赏的;C.inspired受鼓舞的;D.threatened受到威胁的。句意:很快我就精疲力竭了。根据上文"I didn't have the help I required"可知,由于没有必要的帮助,作者很快就感到筋疲力竭了,故选A。
9.考查形容词及语境理解。A.fond喜欢的;B.proud骄傲的;C.aware意识到的,知道的;D.confident自信的。句意:在那段时间里,我意识到如果没有我想要的支持,我可能会犯一些我甚至都没意识到的错误。我的治疗有效吗 根据上文语境,由于疲劳工作,作者可能会犯一些自己当时都没有意识到的错误,be aware of意识到,故选C。
10.考查副词及语境理解。A.effectiely有效地;B.effortlessly轻松地;C.positively积极地;D.traditionally传统上地。句意:在那段时间里,我意识到如果没有我想要的支持,我可能会犯一些我甚至都没意识到的错误。我的治疗有效吗 作者意识到由于疲劳工作,自己可能会犯一些当时都没有意识到的错误,因此对自己治疗的有效性产生了质疑,故选A。
11.考查动词及语境理解。A.gaining获得;B.lacking缺少;C.tracking追踪;D.applying申请。句意:我承认我的精神健康状况不佳,缺乏重要的知识。根据上文"I accepted that I was living with poor mental health "可知,作者承认自己的精神健康状况不佳,缺乏重要的知识,故选B。
12.考查形容词及语境理解。A.potential潜在的;B.professional专业的;C.average普通的,不好不坏的;D.reliable可靠的。句意:我想找到一个可以继续积累知识的地方,不是作为一名普通的兽医,而是作为一名优秀的兽医。后文的but表明此处与excellent (优秀的)形成对比,故选C。
13.考查名词及语境理解。A.intention打算;B.point观点;C.issue议题;D.problem问题。句意:我的观点是一要表现出脆弱性,要有勇气接受。后文这句话是作者的观点,故选B。
14.考查名词及语境理解。A.honor荣誉;B.sense感觉;C.courage勇气;D.power力量。句意:我的观点是一要表现出脆弱性,要有勇气接受。根据语境和上一段中的"strengthens courage"可知此处指"有勇气接受自己的脆弱",故选C。
15.考查名词及语境理解。A.talent天赋;B.experience经历;C.lesson教训;D.strength长处。句意:在工作场所,脆弱性应该被视为一种优势而不是劣势。根据后文"rather than a liability"可知,脆弱性应该被视为一种优势而不是劣势,故选C。
七、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B; 5.D; 6.C; 7.D; 8.B; 9.A; 10.A; 11.D; 12.B; 13.A; 14.D; 15.C
解析：1.考查名词及语境理解。A.work工作;B.way方式;C.control控制;D.service服务。因为电池用尽,手机不能用了,go out of work;意为"不工作”。故选A。
2.考查动词及语境理解。A.cry哭;B.lie躺;C.wait等;D.sleep睡觉。此处表示除了"等"之外,别无选择。此处是固定句型nothing can be done but do,相当于have no choice but to do从作者叙述的朋友在深夜受伤但非常填静这一事实可和其他动词不合题意。故选C。
3.考查名词及语境理角解。A.delayed延迟;B.arrive到达;C.canceled取消;D.succeed成功。根据It was 8 hours later that day broke, and then the(4) of the rescue(救援)。从后文看,作者的朋友最终获救了,因此此处应是援救"到来”了。"耽误"不合题意,因为作者已经说明朋友没有办法呼救;此处作者强调的也不是”成功”。故选B。
4.考查形容词及语境理解。A.untrue不真实的;B.mimaginable无法想象的;C.possible可能的;D.useless无用的。在,黑夜里如此长时间忍受恐惧,作者认为这是令人”无法想象的”。作者此处是在赞扬朋友在那样的情况下能如此镇静,其他选项不合题意。故选B。
5.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.checked in入住;B.checked out结账离开;C.checked for检查;D.checked up了解,查清。首先,我检查了自己的身体状况,发现自己没有致命的危险,所以我向后靠在座位上。故选C。
6.考查动词及语境理解。A.rotting腐烂;B.spreading扩张;C.bleeding流血;D.running跑步。根据I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from(9)可知因为朋友在车祸中受了重伤,又没法"呼救”,因此应实施自救,阻止伤口"流血”。故选C。
7.考查动词及语境理解。A.had有;B.managedi设法;C.planned计划;D.tried尝试。探险没有成功,因此此处只能是“尝试"去做。try to do sth尝试,尽力做某事,manage to do sth.表示"设法干成了某事”,与整个事情的结局矛盾。故选D。
8.考查形容词及语境理解。A.Willing乐意的;B.Unable不能的;C.Determined坚决的;D.Deciding决定性的。从后文"这群年轻人乱作一团"可知,他们找不到出口。故选B。
9.考查副词及语境理解。A.anxiously,焦虑地;B.sadly悲伤地;C.fortunately幸运地;D.quickly快地。他们害怕,焦急地跑着,设有方向感。故选A。
10.考查名词/形容词及语境理解。A.rescue解救;B.village村庄;C.local当地的;D.brave勇敢的。发现年轻人失败真相的应是“营救"人员。由具体的语境the place where they got lost was only about10 meters away from可排除其他选项,此处不是指"当地的人”,作者强调的也不是"勇敢的人”。故选A
11.考查动词及语境理解。A.save节省;B.help帮助;C.stop停止;D.calm镇定。作者强调的就是人们处于危急或困境时应"保持镇静”,故用calm.故选D。
12.考查名词及语境理角解。A.adventure冒险;B.life生话;C.work工作;D.mankind人类。根据后文When you meet with obstacles in life and work,you are lost in darkness.可知作者由上述两个事例联想到"生活”。life意义最具有概括性。作者把上述的经验和教训与人们的实际生活联系起来,其他选项都太片面。故选B。
13.考查名词及语境理解。A.darknesss黑暗;B.yourself你自己;C.thought思想;D.despair绝望。当你在生活中遇到困难时,你会迷失在黑暗中。故选A。
14.考查动词及语境理解。A.Mind介意;B.Watch看;C.Imagine想象;D.warn告诫,警告。告诫你,目前还不清楚,你不必立即进行斗争。故选D。
15.考查连词及语境理解。A.and并且;B.so所以;C.but但是;D.while当。的时候。前后文构成的是转折关系。根据前文It seems to be a negative attitude;可知这种态度似乎是消极的,但却表现了一个人的智慧和勇气。故选C。
八、
答案：1-5 DCCBD 6-10 ACBAC 11-15 DABDA
解析：1.根据上文的内容可知，听力障碍给谢帕德带来不便，几十年的经历让她变得坚强。struggle意为“斗争，努力，搏斗”，这里表示“与自己的身体残疾抗争”。2.根据第一段的“When Sheppard began to go blind in her 40s”可知，医生告诉谢帕德她将失明。所以答案选C项。3.根据上文的“she was so scared”可知，在听到诊断结果后，谢帕德非常害怕，她很少出门（不敢见人）。rarely意为“很少地，极少地”，符合语境。4.根据上文的内容可知，谢帕德经常担心别人会对她区别对待。treat sb. differently意为“区别对待”。5.根据上文的内容可知，谢帕德在家待了几个月之后，心态发生了变化，她想表明自己的舞蹈对别人依旧有重大影响。比较选项可知，D项符合。6.根据第二段的“But she was so scared that she ____ left her apartment.”可知,谢帕德强迫自己走出门。 go out意为“出去，外出”，符合语境：get off意为“下车”；take off意为“起飞；脱掉”；leave behind意为“留下”。7.根据上文的“they all sat，still”可知，在那次晚会上，谢帕德吃惊地发现那些视力有问题的人都静静地坐在一旁，不愿起身参加活动。physically withdrawn意为“在身体方面退缩”，即他们不愿起身参加活动。8.根据上文谢帕德所说的话可知，她鼓励自己不必担心，晚会上那些人的生活方式不是她想要的。fearful意为“害怕的，担心的”。9.根据第一段的“When Sheppard began to go blind in her 40s, she cried.”和上文的“her vision further”可知，谢帕德的视力继续下降。decline意为“下降”，符合语境。10.根据第一段的“Hadn't she suffered too much since she became partly deaf as a child ”可知,谢帕德小时候的听力障碍让她养成了坚毅的性格，所以当她的视力出现状况时，她也不会放弃舞蹈。故答案选C项。11.根据下文的“a summer camp for the blind”可知，谢帕德参加了一个夏令营活动，她在那里教队列舞，故答案选D项。12.根据下文的“she was hired soon”可知，谢帕德的舞蹈课挺受欢迎，因此，她被雇请到那里当舞蹈老师，故答案选A项。13.根据下文的“for the blind elders”可知，谢帕德教了三十多个学生，其中大部分是那些视力有问题的老年人。故答案选B项，seniors意为“老年人”。14.根据下文的“she equipped them with confidence and independence”可知，谢帕德经常鼓励自己的学生，让他们信心满满。故答案选D项。15.根据下文的“a light exercise class”可知，最近，谢帕德通过电话会议的形式上轻度运动课。故答案选A项，conduct意为“主持，指挥”。