2022年高考英语真题模拟试题点拨：阅读理解-科技类（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2022年高考英语真题模拟试题点拨：阅读理解-科技类（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-07-27 21:27:56 | ||
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（3）阅读理解-科技类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
1. 【2022年全国乙卷，阅读C】
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
2. 【2022年重庆高三模拟，阅读C】
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once - revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped(翻动)on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV +.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, "It's show time." The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.1. Where does the magic of consumer technology come from A. Streaming service. B. iCloud storage. C. Server farms. D. Video games.2. What does the underlined word "revenue" in Paragraph 5 probably mean A. Income. B. Advertisements. C. Equipment. D. Games.3. What does the author tend to agree with A. The sales of iPhone have been taking the lead in the world.B. Apple expects to develop many new functions in its phone.C. People are crazy about getting some new electronics in life.D. Apple provides a lot of new services for its consumers now.4. What is the main idea of the passage A. Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors.B. Electronics will play important roles in technology.C. Some companies do better than Apple in technology.D. Apple is able to benefit a lot from its diverse service.
3. 【2022年辽宁大连一模，阅读C】
Teachers are one of the professions least at risk of being automated. A job that requires emotional intelligence and flexibility -in adapting lesson plans on the fly to a particular group of children, for example -is not one particularly well-suited to robots.
Artificial intelligence (AI), however, still deserves a role in the classroom. This is not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance.
The principle of machine learning is to enhance humans' existing capacities. The best AI apps promise to improve teachers' knowledge of what their students need, how best they deliver the teaching, and which students require the most help-from a human teacher —to keep up with their learning. Besides, poor and unequal schooling, leaving too many children behind, is one of the deepest roots of inequality and low productivity. If AI can help target existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable.
Therefore, smart policy is urgent. There must be a focus on the teaching philosophy behind the programs, as well as ensuring that any decisions made by machine learning are under human control. In education, choices made by AI could set a direction for the rest of a child's life.
These may be common concerns about AI, but education is particularly sensitive-especially the ownership and control of any data generated through the platforms. Schools, too, will need to prevent teachers, who already have plenty of responsibilities, from also having to keep up to date with thousands of apps. AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind.
1.What role should AI play in the classroom
A.An assistant to help teachers. B.An aid to punish students.
C.A machine to replace teachers. D.A tool to protect students.
2.Which is the benefit of using AI apps in teaching
A.It tells which teacher needs the most help.
B.It instructs teachers how to deliver speeches.
C.It provides ways for teachers to make money.
D.It helps balance the existing teaching resources.
3.What matters most in Al teaching
A.Improving the humankind. B.Setting a direction for education.
C.Preventing teachers from using apps. D.Producing data through online platforms.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Popularity of E-Teaching Apps B.The Application and Flexibility of AI
C.Rules for Bringing AI into the Classroom D.Approaches to Enhancing Teaching Online
4. 【2022年安徽安庆二模，阅读B】
Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Let's break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.
First, the computer needs to see. So, it needs a camera. But a computer doesn't see like we do, and it only gets a stream of data from the camera. So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body, and then map out the key points of our body. Some poor souls have to teach a computer what all of our different body parts look like in lots of different lighting conditions, and lots of different body types.
But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesn't do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily.
But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.
If I'm a self-driving car approaching a crosswalk and I see an upheld hand in front of me, I can infer the human wants me to stop as they intend to cross the street. If I instead see that same human using the "move along" gesture, that's a strong indication that they would prefer me to continue on my journey instead of waiting. A car has just read your body language.
1.What is the most important for computers to understand human body language
A.A camera. B.A stream of data. C.Software. D.A lighting condition.
2.Why are emotions divided into body language and facial expressions
A.To encourage people to know about genes.
B.To make computers watch emotions closely.
C.To save the time of analysing a ton of data.
D.To get computers to recognise them easily.
3.What does the underlined word "stance" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Attitude. B.Meaning. C.Behavior. D.Expression.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.How Computers Read Body Language B.When Self-driving Cars Will Be Born
C.Why Emotions Are of Importance D.What the Unknown Future Holds
5. 【2022年安徽马鞍山模拟，阅读D】
Every time mask wearers cough, or make certain facial expressions, their face covering shifts-and a busy worker may not have time to recheck mask fit each time one of these movements occurs. "This can cause anxiety," says Josiah Hester, developer of FaceBit-a device that tracks a face covering's fit and wear time, as well as its wearer's vital signs. His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'm going about my clinical duties, taking care of this influx (涌入)of patients. "And that's where it started, Hester explains.
Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device, a little larger than a quarter, that attaches to a face covering with a clip (夹子) and contains several sensors. A pressure sensor detects leaks, indicating how well a mask is fitting. Pressure changes also let the FaceBit determine when the mask is over someone's face, so it can record wear time. The FaceBit additionally monitors heart rate and measures breathing rate. A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app. The device is powered by a battery, charged with energy harvested from the mask's motions as its wearer moves and breathes.
A fit monitor could be very useful for health care workers wearing a mask all day, says Lisa Brosseau, a research consultant. But she is not convinced that FaceBit can consistently measure fit. "It has some promise, perhaps, but they have not validated it in a way that I would accept."
Hester plans to continue testing and improving the project. His team will distribute some FaceBits and let people use them, experiment and play with them. Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life. They could even add new sensors that would open up more uses for such a device.
1. Where did Josiah Hester's inspiration to develop FaceBit come from
A. One of his patients. B. A research consultant.
C. His personal experience. D. His co-workers' request.
2. How can a mask wearer get information from FaceBit
A. By checking the companion phone app. B. By reading the measurer on it.
C. By communicating with a wearable recorder. D. By viewing the watch attached to it.
3. What can we infer about Josiah Hester's project
A. It is of unlimited use. B. It is well received.
C. It calls for cooperation. D. It has gained profits.
4. What is the purpose of the text
A. To share a clinical experiment. B. To introduce an electronic device.
C. To recommend a smart face covering. D. To analyze risks of not wearing masks.
6. 【2022年云南高三模拟，阅读C】
Facebook has been actively working on virtual reality to build a VR "Metaverse" focused on online work. It recently launched a free version of Horizon Workrooms for the public to download and use. Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web to connect and work together. It is meant to provide an immersive(沉浸式的) experience for teams working remotely.
Users will have to purchase the company's headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices. Then they should follow the instructions to set up an account. Once the user registration is complete, users from the team can sign up and create a new Workrooms team. They can also invite colleagues to their existing team. Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the same virtual room.
Every meeting room in Workrooms comes with multiple functions. You can capture notes, share links and files, and chat with your team while you're in a meeting. The web platform allows users to schedule and share meetings while being able to store data with ease.
The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to make profit. Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party apps connected with Workrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meetings.
Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work. Its ability to allow for better cooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culture could revamp the digital cooperation setups as we know them today.
1.How does the author develop the first paragraph
A.By giving a definition. B.By presenting date.
C.By making comparisons. D.By describing a scene.
2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A.How to benefit from Workrooms. B.How to create a Workrooms team.
C.How to get started with Workrooms. D.How to set up a Workrooms account.
3.What can we infer about Workrooms
A.It has access to the data used in meetings. B.It is built with safety and privacy in mind.
C.It offers the headsets to users free of charge. D.It makes profit from connecting with other apps.
4.What does the underlined word "revamp" probably mean
A.Make changes to. B.Put an end to. C.Make room for. D.Draw attention to.
7. 【2022年广东茂名高三模拟，阅读D】
Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI), scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.
Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, "Some of the most challenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see."
They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected "big five" mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.
This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, "Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear."
1.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.An explanation of artificial intelligence.
B.A background of researchers' study.
C.The reasons for creative destruction.
D.The result of researchers' new study.
2.What can we infer from Dr.Hoyal Cuthill's words
A.AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.
B.Understanding the history of life is very difficult.
C.New AI machines learn applications better.
D.The result of researchers' new study.
3.What is the researchers' discovery
A.Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation.
B.The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption.
C.The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation.
D.The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.New processes of biological evolution.
B.New view of radiation from natural species.
C.New understanding of mass extinction.
D.New outbreaks of biological populations.
8. 【2022年云南丽江模拟，阅读B】
Animal rescuer and cinematographer Douglas Thorn's passion for animals began when he was a little kid. "I started rescuing orphaned baby animals," Thron says. "And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer."
When Thron grew up, he did just that, working for shows like Discovery Channel's Shark Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz, California, But Thron says it was the Paradise Fire in California in 2018 that "pushed" him to do animal rescue activism work, putting his aerial cinematography skills to good use.
At the time, Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using an infrared(红外线)hand-held camera. The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night. Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone(无人机)to detect animals more easily. "The animal's body temperature will glow on the screen and you can pick them out among the bricks and stones," explains Thron.
The first animal Thron ever rescued was n dog in the Bahamas after a category-5 hurricane hit, which wiped out hundreds of houses. Thron tested out putting an infrared scope on a drone and found the dog.
"The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued." Thron says. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal",Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.
Thron has basically been "going non-stop since then". His TV show, Doug to the Rescue, shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues, including after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon. Thron also helped rescue koalas after fires damaged parts of Australia in 2020.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Researching rare animals. B.Rescuing homeless animals.
C.Becoming a disaster rescuer. D.Working as a cinematographer.
2.What's Thron's purpose for attaching the infrared camera to the drone
A.To locate an animal quickly. B.To shoot more inviting photos.
C.To take animals' body temperature. D.To give warnings of dangers timely.
3.What's the fifth paragraph mainly about
A.The difficulties Thron has to overcome.
B.The skills Thron will need to operate the drone.
C.The way Thron uses the drone to rescue animals.
D.The reason why Thron chooses his present job.
4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Thron
A.Modest. B.Creative. C.Generous. D.Outgoing.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 ACAD
解析：1. 细节理解题。题干问什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能。根据文章第二段中的"Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure"可知, 无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路, 它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选A。
2.词义猜测题。题干问"maintenance"是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境"节省_____费用"以及该词在下文中的语境, 即第三段第二句"It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure"(据计算, 单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知, 铁路"maintenance"包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time"(因为能提前看到, 无人机可以感知到任何问题, 这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知, 期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题, 并给列车发出警告。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。题干问的是本文最佳标题是什么。第一段是导入, 综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景; 第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用; 第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用; 第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故选D。
2.答案：1-4 CABA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据倒数第三段"The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.(消费者技术的真正魔力越来越少地出现在人们随身携带的设备内部，而越来越多地出现在散布在世界各地的服务器群中，在那里，大量数据被处理，然后传输到像亚马逊Echo或谷歌Home这样的电子设备上。)"可知，消费科技的魔力来自于服务器群。故选C。2.词义猜测题。 根据划线词前面的"And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft(在这个领域，苹果已经落后于谷歌、亚马逊和微软等公司)"可知，苹果落后于别的公司就说明别家公司赚到钱了，which指代先行词"companies"， 因此"now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services"的意思是"现在通过销售云服务获得了可观的收入"，因此划线词的意思是"收入"，即Income。故选A。3.推理判断题。 根据第二段的"Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.(苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。)"可知，苹果希望为其手机开发许多新功能。故选B。4.主旨大意题。 通读全文， 尤其是第二段的"Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.(苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。 其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。)"和第三段的"Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.(据分析人士称, 苹果预计每年将投资数十(亿美元制作视频内容，以在包括亚马逊(Amazon)、Netflix、Hulu和迪士尼(Disney)在内的拥挤市场中竞争。)"可知，本文主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争，也就是本文主要讲的是"苹果公司与竞争者竞争的新举措"， 即Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors。 故选A。
3.答案：1-4 ADAC
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二 段This is not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance.(这不是作为教师的替代品，而是作为一种工具或助手，可以帮助他们缩小贫富差距，弥补失去的教学时间。)可知，人工智能是作为一种教师的工具或助手而存在于课堂上的。故选A。2.推理判断题。 根据第三段If AI can help target existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable.(如果人工智能能够更好地利用现有的教学资源，其好处可能是无法估量的。)可知，更好地利用现有的教学资源会是课堂上利用人工智能的好处。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind.(人工智能只有在提高人类素质的前提下，才能进入课堂。)可知，人工智能课堂最重要的是要提高人类素质。故选A。4.标题判断题。 根据第二段Artificial intelligence (AI), however, still deserves a role in the classroom.(然而，人工智能(AI)仍然值得在课堂上发挥作用。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述要把人工智能带入课堂。所以C.Rules for Bringing Al into the Classroom(将人工智能带入课堂的规则)作为题目最合适，故选C。
4.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中"So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body...and then map out the key points of our body.所以,软件首先要识别人体的形状,然后绘制出我们身体的关键点)"可知,要让计算机理解人类的肢体语言,最重要的是软件。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesn't do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily. (但理解图像中包含肘部。膝盖或一张脸并没有多大帮助。所以,现在电脑正在密切关注我们的脸和手。将情绪归类为肢体语言和面部表情是由我们的基因决定的,所以很容易就能做到)以及第四段But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples,。identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.(但是计算机需要看到大量的任何一种肢体语言的例子,然后被告知这种肢体语言是什么或意味着什么,然后它们可以,随着时间的准移,通过越来越多的例子,识别出那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的意义)可知,因为时部。膝盖或一张脸的图像对计算机理解人类肢体语言并没有多大好处,所以计算机关注情绪:脸(面部表情)和手(肢体语言),把情绪被分为肢体语言和面部表情,是为了让计算机好识别它们肯后的意义。故选D。
3.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.(但是,计算机需要看到任何一种特定肢体语言的大量例子,然后被告知这种肢体语言是什么或意味着什么,然后随着时间的推移,通过越来越多的例子,他们可以用这种情绪识别那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的stance)"可知,计算机识别的是特定肢体语言背后的意义,通过越来越多肢体语言的例子,计算机就可以识别出那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的意思。故画线词意思是意义"。A.Attitude.态度;B.Meaning.意义;C.Behavior.行为;D.Expression.表情。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Let's break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.(让电脑理解人类的肢体语言并不是一件简单的事情。让我们分解这些步骤,以便更好地理解你的肢体语言在说什么)结合文章,主要说明了计算机理解人类肢体语言的详细步骤。可知,A选项计算机是如何识别肢体语言的最符合文章标题。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'll taking care of this influx (涌入) of patients." And that's where it started, Hester explains.(他在临床环境中工作的同事一直在向他表达他们的担忧，他们说："给我一些可以观察我的东西，因为我没有时间照顾自己，因为我正在履行我的临床职责，照顾大量涌入的患者。"海丝特解释说，这就是它的起源。)可知，约西亚·海丝特开发FaceBit的灵感来自他的同事的要求。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第二段的A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app.(蓝牙连接会将这些数据发送到配套的手机应用程序。)可知，戴口罩的人通过检查配套手机应用程序，从FaceBit上获取信息。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.(其他研究人员也将能够改进能量收集组件并延长电池寿命。)可知，Josiah Hester的项目需要合作。故选C。4.写作意图题。根据第二段的 Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device(海丝特的团队没有开发出一个可能无法重复使用的完整的"智能面具"，而是创造了一种电子设备)可知，文章的目的是介绍一种电子设备。故选B。
6.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的"Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web to connect and work together. It is meant to provide an immersive (沉浸式的) experience for teams working remotely.( Horizon Workrooms是一项跨虚拟现实工具,可以提供给团队跨越虚拟现实和网络的空间去联系和协同工作,它意味着能够给团队提供沉浸式的团队体验进行远程办公)"可知,第一自然段中作者使用了下定义的方法展开内容。故选A。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的"Users will have to purchase the company's headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices. Then they should follow the instructions to set up an account. Once the user registration is complete, users from the team can signup and create a new Workrooms team. They can also invite colleagues to their existing team. Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the same virtual room.(使用者需要购买该公司的头戴设备并且在设备上下载Workrooms客户端。之后,他们应该按照说明书建立一个账户。一旦用户注册完成, 来自工作团队的用户就可以登录并且创建一个新的工作群组。他们也可以邀请同事加入已有的工作群组。之后用户就可以体验使用虚拟现实会议并且和在同一一个虚拟会议室的同事联系)"可知,第二自然段主要谈及如何启用Workrooms。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的"The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to make profit. Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party apps connected with Workrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meeting.(Workrooms将不会使用工作对话或会议期间使用的材料来盈利。Facebook还明确表示, 该公司以及甚至与Workrooms相连的第三方应用程序都无法访问会议中使用的数据r可知,Workroom不会使用工作对话和在会议中使用的资料去获益,同时也表明公司以及客户端接入的第三方软件也没有权限获取会议中使用的数据,因此推断它的建立考虑到了安全和隐私。故选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段中的"Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work. Its ability to allow for better cooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culture could revamp the digital cooperation setups as we know them today(虚拟现实具有改变我们工作方式的能力。它允许更好的合作的能力,弥合常规办公室设置和远程工作文化之间的差距的同时,可以revamp我们今天所知道的数字合作设置)"可知,虚拟现实拥有可以改变的工作方式的能力。允许我们更好地协作,弥补常规办公室组织方式缺陷以及远程工作文化,因此推断这种能力可以改变我们当前所认知的数字协作方式,故此处的revamp意为make changes to,即做出改变。故选A。
7.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.C
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第一段后两句Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.(与传统知识相反,他们的研究表明,更大规模的灭绝并不总是一种使得新生物辐射和进化的"创造性破坏"。相反,它表明,大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)可知,本段主要讲了这项研究的发现(结果)。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段后两句"New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human---readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.(新的机器学习应用程序可以帮助我们以人类可读的形式理解这些信息。这意味着,可以说,我们可以将5亿年的进化掌握在手中,并从我们所看到的东西中获得新的见解)可知,科学家可以借助"New machine learning applications"即AI人工智能来掌握5亿年的进化情况,由此可推知,人工智能技术对进化的研究贡献很大。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段中Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.(相反,它表明,大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)和倒数第二段中的'It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation.(看来,大规模的物种灭绝肯定不是进化辐射的导火索)可知,大规模灭绝不可能引起进化辐射。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句"Using the power of artificial intelligence(AI),scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.(利用人工智能的力量,科学家们对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏有了新的见解)"及后文的讲述可知,文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新认识,C项对大灭绝的新认识符合文意。故选C。
8.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.词句猜测题。根据第一段中"And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer."以及画线词后文"working for shows like Discovery Channels Shark Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz, California"可知,Thron小时候就想成为一名野生动物电影摄影师,结果当Thron长大后,他真的成了野生动物电影摄影师,为探索频道的《鲨鱼周》这样的节目工作,在加州圣克鲁兹海岸拍摄大白鲨。故that指的是"野生动物电影摄影师"。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily.(该摄像机利用热量在夜间探测动物,Thron和此人谈到,如果在无人机上安装-一个摄像头,可以更容易地探测动物,那将是多么不可思议)"可推知,Thron把红外摄像机安在无人机上的目的是快速定位动物。故选A。
3.主旨大意题。根据第五段"The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued," Thronsays. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal", Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.("无人机真的缩短了关键时间,所以真正严重受伤的动物能够获救,"Thron说。 一旦瞄准镜捕捉到"动物的热信号",Thron就把聚光灯对准动物并放大,这样他和救援人员就可以去救动物了)"可知,第五段主要讲了Thron使用无人机拯救动物的方式。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第三段中The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily..(该摄像机利用热量在夜间探测动物,Thron和此人谈到,如果在无人机上安装一个摄像头,可以更容易地探测动物,那将是多么不可思议)以及第五段The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued,"Thron says. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal". Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it,。so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal..(无人机真的缩短了关键时间,所以真正严重受伤的动物能够获教,"Thron说。一旦瞄准镜捕捉到动物的热信号",Thron就把聚光灯对准动物并放大,这样他和救援人员就可以去救动物了)可推知,Thron想到了利用红外摄像机和无人机教助动物的办法,可见他具有创造性。故选B。
1. 【2022年全国乙卷，阅读C】
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
2. 【2022年重庆高三模拟，阅读C】
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once - revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped(翻动)on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV +.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, "It's show time." The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.1. Where does the magic of consumer technology come from A. Streaming service. B. iCloud storage. C. Server farms. D. Video games.2. What does the underlined word "revenue" in Paragraph 5 probably mean A. Income. B. Advertisements. C. Equipment. D. Games.3. What does the author tend to agree with A. The sales of iPhone have been taking the lead in the world.B. Apple expects to develop many new functions in its phone.C. People are crazy about getting some new electronics in life.D. Apple provides a lot of new services for its consumers now.4. What is the main idea of the passage A. Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors.B. Electronics will play important roles in technology.C. Some companies do better than Apple in technology.D. Apple is able to benefit a lot from its diverse service.
3. 【2022年辽宁大连一模，阅读C】
Teachers are one of the professions least at risk of being automated. A job that requires emotional intelligence and flexibility -in adapting lesson plans on the fly to a particular group of children, for example -is not one particularly well-suited to robots.
Artificial intelligence (AI), however, still deserves a role in the classroom. This is not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance.
The principle of machine learning is to enhance humans' existing capacities. The best AI apps promise to improve teachers' knowledge of what their students need, how best they deliver the teaching, and which students require the most help-from a human teacher —to keep up with their learning. Besides, poor and unequal schooling, leaving too many children behind, is one of the deepest roots of inequality and low productivity. If AI can help target existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable.
Therefore, smart policy is urgent. There must be a focus on the teaching philosophy behind the programs, as well as ensuring that any decisions made by machine learning are under human control. In education, choices made by AI could set a direction for the rest of a child's life.
These may be common concerns about AI, but education is particularly sensitive-especially the ownership and control of any data generated through the platforms. Schools, too, will need to prevent teachers, who already have plenty of responsibilities, from also having to keep up to date with thousands of apps. AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind.
1.What role should AI play in the classroom
A.An assistant to help teachers. B.An aid to punish students.
C.A machine to replace teachers. D.A tool to protect students.
2.Which is the benefit of using AI apps in teaching
A.It tells which teacher needs the most help.
B.It instructs teachers how to deliver speeches.
C.It provides ways for teachers to make money.
D.It helps balance the existing teaching resources.
3.What matters most in Al teaching
A.Improving the humankind. B.Setting a direction for education.
C.Preventing teachers from using apps. D.Producing data through online platforms.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Popularity of E-Teaching Apps B.The Application and Flexibility of AI
C.Rules for Bringing AI into the Classroom D.Approaches to Enhancing Teaching Online
4. 【2022年安徽安庆二模，阅读B】
Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Let's break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.
First, the computer needs to see. So, it needs a camera. But a computer doesn't see like we do, and it only gets a stream of data from the camera. So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body, and then map out the key points of our body. Some poor souls have to teach a computer what all of our different body parts look like in lots of different lighting conditions, and lots of different body types.
But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesn't do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily.
But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.
If I'm a self-driving car approaching a crosswalk and I see an upheld hand in front of me, I can infer the human wants me to stop as they intend to cross the street. If I instead see that same human using the "move along" gesture, that's a strong indication that they would prefer me to continue on my journey instead of waiting. A car has just read your body language.
1.What is the most important for computers to understand human body language
A.A camera. B.A stream of data. C.Software. D.A lighting condition.
2.Why are emotions divided into body language and facial expressions
A.To encourage people to know about genes.
B.To make computers watch emotions closely.
C.To save the time of analysing a ton of data.
D.To get computers to recognise them easily.
3.What does the underlined word "stance" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Attitude. B.Meaning. C.Behavior. D.Expression.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.How Computers Read Body Language B.When Self-driving Cars Will Be Born
C.Why Emotions Are of Importance D.What the Unknown Future Holds
5. 【2022年安徽马鞍山模拟，阅读D】
Every time mask wearers cough, or make certain facial expressions, their face covering shifts-and a busy worker may not have time to recheck mask fit each time one of these movements occurs. "This can cause anxiety," says Josiah Hester, developer of FaceBit-a device that tracks a face covering's fit and wear time, as well as its wearer's vital signs. His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'm going about my clinical duties, taking care of this influx (涌入)of patients. "And that's where it started, Hester explains.
Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device, a little larger than a quarter, that attaches to a face covering with a clip (夹子) and contains several sensors. A pressure sensor detects leaks, indicating how well a mask is fitting. Pressure changes also let the FaceBit determine when the mask is over someone's face, so it can record wear time. The FaceBit additionally monitors heart rate and measures breathing rate. A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app. The device is powered by a battery, charged with energy harvested from the mask's motions as its wearer moves and breathes.
A fit monitor could be very useful for health care workers wearing a mask all day, says Lisa Brosseau, a research consultant. But she is not convinced that FaceBit can consistently measure fit. "It has some promise, perhaps, but they have not validated it in a way that I would accept."
Hester plans to continue testing and improving the project. His team will distribute some FaceBits and let people use them, experiment and play with them. Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life. They could even add new sensors that would open up more uses for such a device.
1. Where did Josiah Hester's inspiration to develop FaceBit come from
A. One of his patients. B. A research consultant.
C. His personal experience. D. His co-workers' request.
2. How can a mask wearer get information from FaceBit
A. By checking the companion phone app. B. By reading the measurer on it.
C. By communicating with a wearable recorder. D. By viewing the watch attached to it.
3. What can we infer about Josiah Hester's project
A. It is of unlimited use. B. It is well received.
C. It calls for cooperation. D. It has gained profits.
4. What is the purpose of the text
A. To share a clinical experiment. B. To introduce an electronic device.
C. To recommend a smart face covering. D. To analyze risks of not wearing masks.
6. 【2022年云南高三模拟，阅读C】
Facebook has been actively working on virtual reality to build a VR "Metaverse" focused on online work. It recently launched a free version of Horizon Workrooms for the public to download and use. Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web to connect and work together. It is meant to provide an immersive(沉浸式的) experience for teams working remotely.
Users will have to purchase the company's headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices. Then they should follow the instructions to set up an account. Once the user registration is complete, users from the team can sign up and create a new Workrooms team. They can also invite colleagues to their existing team. Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the same virtual room.
Every meeting room in Workrooms comes with multiple functions. You can capture notes, share links and files, and chat with your team while you're in a meeting. The web platform allows users to schedule and share meetings while being able to store data with ease.
The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to make profit. Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party apps connected with Workrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meetings.
Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work. Its ability to allow for better cooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culture could revamp the digital cooperation setups as we know them today.
1.How does the author develop the first paragraph
A.By giving a definition. B.By presenting date.
C.By making comparisons. D.By describing a scene.
2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A.How to benefit from Workrooms. B.How to create a Workrooms team.
C.How to get started with Workrooms. D.How to set up a Workrooms account.
3.What can we infer about Workrooms
A.It has access to the data used in meetings. B.It is built with safety and privacy in mind.
C.It offers the headsets to users free of charge. D.It makes profit from connecting with other apps.
4.What does the underlined word "revamp" probably mean
A.Make changes to. B.Put an end to. C.Make room for. D.Draw attention to.
7. 【2022年广东茂名高三模拟，阅读D】
Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI), scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.
Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, "Some of the most challenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see."
They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected "big five" mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.
This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, "Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear."
1.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.An explanation of artificial intelligence.
B.A background of researchers' study.
C.The reasons for creative destruction.
D.The result of researchers' new study.
2.What can we infer from Dr.Hoyal Cuthill's words
A.AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.
B.Understanding the history of life is very difficult.
C.New AI machines learn applications better.
D.The result of researchers' new study.
3.What is the researchers' discovery
A.Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation.
B.The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption.
C.The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation.
D.The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.New processes of biological evolution.
B.New view of radiation from natural species.
C.New understanding of mass extinction.
D.New outbreaks of biological populations.
8. 【2022年云南丽江模拟，阅读B】
Animal rescuer and cinematographer Douglas Thorn's passion for animals began when he was a little kid. "I started rescuing orphaned baby animals," Thron says. "And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer."
When Thron grew up, he did just that, working for shows like Discovery Channel's Shark Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz, California, But Thron says it was the Paradise Fire in California in 2018 that "pushed" him to do animal rescue activism work, putting his aerial cinematography skills to good use.
At the time, Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using an infrared(红外线)hand-held camera. The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night. Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone(无人机)to detect animals more easily. "The animal's body temperature will glow on the screen and you can pick them out among the bricks and stones," explains Thron.
The first animal Thron ever rescued was n dog in the Bahamas after a category-5 hurricane hit, which wiped out hundreds of houses. Thron tested out putting an infrared scope on a drone and found the dog.
"The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued." Thron says. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal",Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.
Thron has basically been "going non-stop since then". His TV show, Doug to the Rescue, shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues, including after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon. Thron also helped rescue koalas after fires damaged parts of Australia in 2020.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Researching rare animals. B.Rescuing homeless animals.
C.Becoming a disaster rescuer. D.Working as a cinematographer.
2.What's Thron's purpose for attaching the infrared camera to the drone
A.To locate an animal quickly. B.To shoot more inviting photos.
C.To take animals' body temperature. D.To give warnings of dangers timely.
3.What's the fifth paragraph mainly about
A.The difficulties Thron has to overcome.
B.The skills Thron will need to operate the drone.
C.The way Thron uses the drone to rescue animals.
D.The reason why Thron chooses his present job.
4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Thron
A.Modest. B.Creative. C.Generous. D.Outgoing.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 ACAD
解析：1. 细节理解题。题干问什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能。根据文章第二段中的"Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure"可知, 无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路, 它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选A。
2.词义猜测题。题干问"maintenance"是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境"节省_____费用"以及该词在下文中的语境, 即第三段第二句"It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure"(据计算, 单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知, 铁路"maintenance"包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time"(因为能提前看到, 无人机可以感知到任何问题, 这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知, 期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题, 并给列车发出警告。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。题干问的是本文最佳标题是什么。第一段是导入, 综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景; 第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用; 第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用; 第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故选D。
2.答案：1-4 CABA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据倒数第三段"The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.(消费者技术的真正魔力越来越少地出现在人们随身携带的设备内部，而越来越多地出现在散布在世界各地的服务器群中，在那里，大量数据被处理，然后传输到像亚马逊Echo或谷歌Home这样的电子设备上。)"可知，消费科技的魔力来自于服务器群。故选C。2.词义猜测题。 根据划线词前面的"And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft(在这个领域，苹果已经落后于谷歌、亚马逊和微软等公司)"可知，苹果落后于别的公司就说明别家公司赚到钱了，which指代先行词"companies"， 因此"now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services"的意思是"现在通过销售云服务获得了可观的收入"，因此划线词的意思是"收入"，即Income。故选A。3.推理判断题。 根据第二段的"Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.(苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。)"可知，苹果希望为其手机开发许多新功能。故选B。4.主旨大意题。 通读全文， 尤其是第二段的"Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.(苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。 其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。)"和第三段的"Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.(据分析人士称, 苹果预计每年将投资数十(亿美元制作视频内容，以在包括亚马逊(Amazon)、Netflix、Hulu和迪士尼(Disney)在内的拥挤市场中竞争。)"可知，本文主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争，也就是本文主要讲的是"苹果公司与竞争者竞争的新举措"， 即Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors。 故选A。
3.答案：1-4 ADAC
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二 段This is not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance.(这不是作为教师的替代品，而是作为一种工具或助手，可以帮助他们缩小贫富差距，弥补失去的教学时间。)可知，人工智能是作为一种教师的工具或助手而存在于课堂上的。故选A。2.推理判断题。 根据第三段If AI can help target existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable.(如果人工智能能够更好地利用现有的教学资源，其好处可能是无法估量的。)可知，更好地利用现有的教学资源会是课堂上利用人工智能的好处。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind.(人工智能只有在提高人类素质的前提下，才能进入课堂。)可知，人工智能课堂最重要的是要提高人类素质。故选A。4.标题判断题。 根据第二段Artificial intelligence (AI), however, still deserves a role in the classroom.(然而，人工智能(AI)仍然值得在课堂上发挥作用。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述要把人工智能带入课堂。所以C.Rules for Bringing Al into the Classroom(将人工智能带入课堂的规则)作为题目最合适，故选C。
4.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中"So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body...and then map out the key points of our body.所以,软件首先要识别人体的形状,然后绘制出我们身体的关键点)"可知,要让计算机理解人类的肢体语言,最重要的是软件。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesn't do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily. (但理解图像中包含肘部。膝盖或一张脸并没有多大帮助。所以,现在电脑正在密切关注我们的脸和手。将情绪归类为肢体语言和面部表情是由我们的基因决定的,所以很容易就能做到)以及第四段But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples,。identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.(但是计算机需要看到大量的任何一种肢体语言的例子,然后被告知这种肢体语言是什么或意味着什么,然后它们可以,随着时间的准移,通过越来越多的例子,识别出那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的意义)可知,因为时部。膝盖或一张脸的图像对计算机理解人类肢体语言并没有多大好处,所以计算机关注情绪:脸(面部表情)和手(肢体语言),把情绪被分为肢体语言和面部表情,是为了让计算机好识别它们肯后的意义。故选D。
3.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.(但是,计算机需要看到任何一种特定肢体语言的大量例子,然后被告知这种肢体语言是什么或意味着什么,然后随着时间的推移,通过越来越多的例子,他们可以用这种情绪识别那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的stance)"可知,计算机识别的是特定肢体语言背后的意义,通过越来越多肢体语言的例子,计算机就可以识别出那种肢体语言情绪状况下相同或相似的意思。故画线词意思是意义"。A.Attitude.态度;B.Meaning.意义;C.Behavior.行为;D.Expression.表情。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Let's break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.(让电脑理解人类的肢体语言并不是一件简单的事情。让我们分解这些步骤,以便更好地理解你的肢体语言在说什么)结合文章,主要说明了计算机理解人类肢体语言的详细步骤。可知,A选项计算机是如何识别肢体语言的最符合文章标题。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'll taking care of this influx (涌入) of patients." And that's where it started, Hester explains.(他在临床环境中工作的同事一直在向他表达他们的担忧，他们说："给我一些可以观察我的东西，因为我没有时间照顾自己，因为我正在履行我的临床职责，照顾大量涌入的患者。"海丝特解释说，这就是它的起源。)可知，约西亚·海丝特开发FaceBit的灵感来自他的同事的要求。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第二段的A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app.(蓝牙连接会将这些数据发送到配套的手机应用程序。)可知，戴口罩的人通过检查配套手机应用程序，从FaceBit上获取信息。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.(其他研究人员也将能够改进能量收集组件并延长电池寿命。)可知，Josiah Hester的项目需要合作。故选C。4.写作意图题。根据第二段的 Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device(海丝特的团队没有开发出一个可能无法重复使用的完整的"智能面具"，而是创造了一种电子设备)可知，文章的目的是介绍一种电子设备。故选B。
6.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的"Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web to connect and work together. It is meant to provide an immersive (沉浸式的) experience for teams working remotely.( Horizon Workrooms是一项跨虚拟现实工具,可以提供给团队跨越虚拟现实和网络的空间去联系和协同工作,它意味着能够给团队提供沉浸式的团队体验进行远程办公)"可知,第一自然段中作者使用了下定义的方法展开内容。故选A。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的"Users will have to purchase the company's headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices. Then they should follow the instructions to set up an account. Once the user registration is complete, users from the team can signup and create a new Workrooms team. They can also invite colleagues to their existing team. Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the same virtual room.(使用者需要购买该公司的头戴设备并且在设备上下载Workrooms客户端。之后,他们应该按照说明书建立一个账户。一旦用户注册完成, 来自工作团队的用户就可以登录并且创建一个新的工作群组。他们也可以邀请同事加入已有的工作群组。之后用户就可以体验使用虚拟现实会议并且和在同一一个虚拟会议室的同事联系)"可知,第二自然段主要谈及如何启用Workrooms。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的"The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to make profit. Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party apps connected with Workrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meeting.(Workrooms将不会使用工作对话或会议期间使用的材料来盈利。Facebook还明确表示, 该公司以及甚至与Workrooms相连的第三方应用程序都无法访问会议中使用的数据r可知,Workroom不会使用工作对话和在会议中使用的资料去获益,同时也表明公司以及客户端接入的第三方软件也没有权限获取会议中使用的数据,因此推断它的建立考虑到了安全和隐私。故选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段中的"Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work. Its ability to allow for better cooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culture could revamp the digital cooperation setups as we know them today(虚拟现实具有改变我们工作方式的能力。它允许更好的合作的能力,弥合常规办公室设置和远程工作文化之间的差距的同时,可以revamp我们今天所知道的数字合作设置)"可知,虚拟现实拥有可以改变的工作方式的能力。允许我们更好地协作,弥补常规办公室组织方式缺陷以及远程工作文化,因此推断这种能力可以改变我们当前所认知的数字协作方式,故此处的revamp意为make changes to,即做出改变。故选A。
7.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.C
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第一段后两句Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.(与传统知识相反,他们的研究表明,更大规模的灭绝并不总是一种使得新生物辐射和进化的"创造性破坏"。相反,它表明,大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)可知,本段主要讲了这项研究的发现(结果)。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段后两句"New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human---readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.(新的机器学习应用程序可以帮助我们以人类可读的形式理解这些信息。这意味着,可以说,我们可以将5亿年的进化掌握在手中,并从我们所看到的东西中获得新的见解)可知,科学家可以借助"New machine learning applications"即AI人工智能来掌握5亿年的进化情况,由此可推知,人工智能技术对进化的研究贡献很大。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段中Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.(相反,它表明,大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)和倒数第二段中的'It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation.(看来,大规模的物种灭绝肯定不是进化辐射的导火索)可知,大规模灭绝不可能引起进化辐射。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句"Using the power of artificial intelligence(AI),scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.(利用人工智能的力量,科学家们对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏有了新的见解)"及后文的讲述可知,文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新认识,C项对大灭绝的新认识符合文意。故选C。
8.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.词句猜测题。根据第一段中"And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer."以及画线词后文"working for shows like Discovery Channels Shark Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz, California"可知,Thron小时候就想成为一名野生动物电影摄影师,结果当Thron长大后,他真的成了野生动物电影摄影师,为探索频道的《鲨鱼周》这样的节目工作,在加州圣克鲁兹海岸拍摄大白鲨。故that指的是"野生动物电影摄影师"。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily.(该摄像机利用热量在夜间探测动物,Thron和此人谈到,如果在无人机上安装-一个摄像头,可以更容易地探测动物,那将是多么不可思议)"可推知,Thron把红外摄像机安在无人机上的目的是快速定位动物。故选A。
3.主旨大意题。根据第五段"The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued," Thronsays. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal", Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.("无人机真的缩短了关键时间,所以真正严重受伤的动物能够获救,"Thron说。 一旦瞄准镜捕捉到"动物的热信号",Thron就把聚光灯对准动物并放大,这样他和救援人员就可以去救动物了)"可知,第五段主要讲了Thron使用无人机拯救动物的方式。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第三段中The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily..(该摄像机利用热量在夜间探测动物,Thron和此人谈到,如果在无人机上安装一个摄像头,可以更容易地探测动物,那将是多么不可思议)以及第五段The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued,"Thron says. Once the scope picks up the "heat signature of an animal". Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it,。so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal..(无人机真的缩短了关键时间,所以真正严重受伤的动物能够获教,"Thron说。一旦瞄准镜捕捉到动物的热信号",Thron就把聚光灯对准动物并放大,这样他和救援人员就可以去救动物了)可推知,Thron想到了利用红外摄像机和无人机教助动物的办法,可见他具有创造性。故选B。
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