课件67张PPT。English Song
English Class
Language Data
Video Data课时分配Period 1Module 4 Music born in America
Introduction
Vocabulary&ReadingIntroduction-1 Brainstormmusic light musicfolk musicclassical musicjazzgospel musicsoul musicIntroduction-2. Speaking What is the difference between a choir and a band ? A choir is large group of singers. A band is small
group of musicians . They play music and may also
sing.What instruments do jazz musicians play?
Saxophones, drums and a double bass, etc.What is the difference between the soul singer and
the blues singer?Blues is often quieter than soul music, and people
don’t usually dance to it.Introduction-3 Filling Read the short passage on A2, then match the types of music with their features.church
southern United States
rhythmic
nineteenth centurymaking it up as you play
using unusual rhythms
New Orleans
African Americansophisticatedguitar,piano,harmonica
southern U.S
African American
nineteenth centuryReading-1. Pre-reading Role-playTask: Suppose you’re going to have an interview
with two dancers. What questions will you
ask? Reading-2. Fast-reading Read the whole passage, then, finish the exercise on Activity 2. Page 45. Answers:
True
False
True
True
Reading-3. Careful reading - Read Part 1 , then fill in the blanks.whatwhenwheremain aspectsAmerican cultural movementstarted in 1970sat block parties in New Yorkbreakdance, graffiti art,
DJ-ing,rapping Reading-4. Careful reading - Read Part 2 , then answer the questions on Activity 4,page 46. Answers:
Because he noticed that people didn’t like it.
By using two records on two turntables.
MCs
Hours
Breakdancing
Reading: Read Part 3&4 , then finish the exercise on Activity 5,page 46.in decline (a) becoming more popular
(b) becoming less popular
took advantage of (a) used (b) didn’t use
the next generation (a) the people who follow
immediately
(b) people 20 years later
spread (a) went to other places
(b) stayed in the same place
strongly (a) affected a lot
(b) didn’t affected at all
6. emerged (a) disappeared (b) appeared Reading: Post readingDiscussion
What did you know about hip hop before you read the article?
Do you know the names of any rap artists?
If you have heard rap music and hip hop,what is your opinions about it?Homework Write a short passage about Hip Hop and show your opinions about it.
then share with your classmates tomorrow. Period 2Module 4 Music born in America
Listening&Vocabulary
Grammar(2)&Function
Everyday EnglishListening -1. Matching Match the instructions on the left with the meaning on the right.turn the music up
turn the music down
turn the music on
turn the music offmake the music quieter
start playing the music
make the music louder
stop playing the music Listening-2.Answering Listen to the tape ,and finish the exercise on Activity 2, page49.Who are the people?
(a) two sisters
(b) a mother and a daughter
(c) two friends
What are they talking about?
(a) music the someone else is listening to
(b) music that they both like
(c) music that one of them is listening to
3. Why was it difficult for one speaker to hear the other
speaker?
(a) The music was too loud.
(b) The band was American.
(c) someone was waiting for a phone call.
Why was one of the speakers listening to music, instead
of being outside?
(a) It was a beautiful day.
(b) She was waiting for a phone call.
(c) She like hip hop music. Listening -3. Underlining Listen again , then underline the stressed words.A: Band are so much noisier than they used to be.
B: Not true! I listened to one of your CDs the other day.
It was really loud!
A: Well, when I was your age , we didn’t listen to loud
music.
B: I bet you did!
A: We didn’t !
B: Really?
A: All right, we did. But we didn’t play music as loudly
as you do these days.
B: OK. I’ll turn it down.
A: Thank you. Everyday English -1. Conversion Change the expression of the underlined sentences with the expressions form E.E.A: Can you turn that music down a bit?
That’s not my cup of tea!
B: Sorry! Wait a minute!
A: When I was your age, we didn’t play music as loudly
as you do these days! Why are you inside listening to
to music? It’s a beautiful day. Why not go for a walk?
B: I’m waiting for a phone call form Angela.
A: Why don’t you call her?
B: It’s her turn to call me!Can you make it quieter?That isn’t the kind of thing I like.You like listening to musiclouder than we did.Why don’t you turn the musicoff and go out?I called her last time!Grammar (2) -1. Answering Look at the following sentences, say which one is better and why.Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t.避免重复,减少累赘
EllipsesGrammar (2) -2.Observation Add words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences.Sorry to have kept you waiting.
Seen the movie before?
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.
-- What did you do yesterday?
-- Just slept. Nothing else.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.Have you seen the movie before?John was the winner in 1994 and Bob was the winner in 1998.-- I just slept. I did nothing else.连接紧密，结构紧凑
强调重点，突出信息Grammar (2) -3.Exercises Finish Activity 1 and 3 ,page 50Activity 1
I
It’s
Have you
gave it to me
I lent it to
called meActivity 3
Garry: I’m; Have you
Matt: do you mean
Garry: I mean
Matt: Have you; It
Garry: That’s a; Has
Matt: I; I’mGrammar (2) -4.Rules Task 1: Find out what’s been left out in the following
sentences.
I will hand it in if I have to.
You can use my computer if you want to.
He didn’t come though he promised to.
The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 不定式的省略，保留不定式符号to，省略动词。有些动词或助动词，如have, ought, want, be going, wish, hope, like, live, try, forget, prefer, mean, expect, be about, be sure, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等的后面，为避免重复，只用不定式符号to表示不定式。Grammar (2) -4.Rules Task 2: Find out what’s been left out in the following
sentences.
John and I forgot to finish the homework.
Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework.
His advice made me happy, but Jim angry.
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob in 1989.
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won’t.并列句的省略：在不影响句意的情况下，并列句中后边分句与前边分句相同的词语都可以省略。Grammar (2) -4.Rules Task 3: Find out what’s been left out in the following
sentences.
While waiting, I was reading some magazines.
Though tired, they went on working.
She hurried out of the room, as if angry.
You shouldn’t come to his party unless invited.
If heated, water will boil.复合句的省略：在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。Grammar (2) -4.Rules Task 4: Find out what’s been left out in the following
sentences.
I will give you all I have.
The girl you met just now is my sister.
Where is the book I bought yesterday?
The bridge built in 1927 broke down.
The child standing under the tree is my cousin.复合句的省略：在一些定语从句中，可以省略作宾语的关系代词that, which, 或whom。Grammar (2) -5.Practice Change the sentences into elliptical sentences.She likes singing and she likes dancing.
Is this the driver that you talked about yesterday?
The man who is sitting by the window is Mr. Smith.
He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car.
When it is heated, the metal expands.
You can do it if you want to do it.
My father planed all these houses and my father built all these houses.
He is the last person that I want to see.
He worked hard but his brother did not work hard.While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time.
He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.
The reference books which were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet.
We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water.
Although he is very busy, he will do it for us.
You may leave if you wish to leave.
He told me the truth after he was asked three times.注意:由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be动词后，before和after就成了介词。asking three timesHomework 1.Write a short passage on the music you like, share with your classmates tomorrow.
2. Preview the grammar (1).
Period 3Module 4 Music Born in America
Grammar (1)Grammar(1)-1 Exercise Finish the exercise on Activity 1, page 47. The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely
New kind of music.
I only heard it for a moment---
For a few seconds when I heard it---
As soon as I heard it---Grammar(1)-2 Exercise Finish the exercise on Activity 3, page 48. Answers:
the first time
the moment
by the time
The next time
The last time
It was the first time I’d
the first timeGrammar(1)-３ Observation can you figure out some rules about Adverbial clauses of time. Now (that) you’ve grown up, you must stop this
childish behavior.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help
us.
People do not know the value of health till they
lose it.1．时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as。Grammar(1)-4 Observation Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shenzhen.
He left Europe the year World War Ⅱbroke out.
He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.
2．某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the day, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引导时间状语从句。Grammar(1)-4 Observation I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
My sister came directly she got my message.
The machine will start instantly you press the button.
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
3. 有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly, the (very) moment, the minute, the instant等，当用于 as soon as 的意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句。Grammar(1)-5 Observation 1. She had no sooner heard the news than she cried.
2. No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.
3.They had hardly started to work when the trouble began.4．有些关联从属连词，如 no sooner … than / hardly … when / scarcely … when 等，也能引导时间状语从句。
△ 如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, 置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装。Grammar(1)-6 Exercises Translate the following sentences by using the words in bracket.我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。(as soon as)
2. 她一来到教室，就开始读英语。(as soon as)
3. 我刚一到家天就下雨了。(no sooner … than…)
4. 他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。(hardly … when…)I’ll tell him the news as soon as I see him.As soon as she came into the classroom, she began to read English.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang.
Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang.5.他一来，你就可立即离开。(immediately)
6.我一见到你，就认出你来了。(the moment)
7.每次见面，他都向我问候，说“你好！”(each time / every time)
8.到18岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。(by the time) You may leave immediately he comes.I recognized you the moment I saw you.He greeted with “hello!”each time he saw me.By the time she was 18, she had already graduated from the university.Homework
Finish the exercises on WB Activity 1 ,Page 109.
Period 4Module 4 Music Born in America
Reading Practice
Cultural Corner
Reading & Practice–1. Brainstorm Do you know who they are?
2. Do you know other Hong Kong pop singers
3. What do you know about the music in Hong Kong?Reading & Practice –2. Scanning Read the passage and check the true sentences. Cantopop has spread all over the world.
Moms think it OK for their kids to watch the
performances by Cantopop stars because they are well
behaved.
Some Contopop stars are abandoned by their
companies because they have released too many albums.
Cantopop stars have more fans in Hong Kong than in
mainland.
The writer thinks Cantopop is more than a type of
pop music.Reading & Practice –3. Discussing Decide which of the statements expresses the writer’s opinion.The writer___________.
doesn’t approve of Cantopop
is devoted to the stars of Cantopop
likes the music but thinks the stars make too many
films
4. is very enthusiastic about CantopopReading & Practice –4. Exercises Read the passage again , then finish the exercises on Activity 5, page54.Cantopop has spread offshore means it is known
beyond Hong Kong.
The consensus of most people means most people
agree.
As a bonus for their fans means as an extra attraction
for the fans.
Swap information means share information.
Their fame is their pension means their fame will
make sure they have enough money for the rest of
their lives.Reading & Practice –4. Skimming Read the passage again , then find the main idea of each paragraph.Main idea of each paragraphPara.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
Para.7Main idea of each paragraphPara.1: Cantopop has become one of the world’s
greatest pop music and it has spread offshore.
Para.2: Cantopop is different from most of the world’s
pop music. It expresses only harmony and virtue.
Para.3: Their fans expect regular makeovers.
Para.4: Nearly every Cantopop singer also act in the
movies.
Para.5: Hong Kong stars work hard, and the pace is hot.
Para.6: The fans are devoted to their fans.
Para.7: Cantopop is a music empire. It has millions of
fans. It must be doing something great.Homework According what you have learnt during the class, write a passage to introduce one of the Cantopop singers you like, then share with your classmates tomorrow.
Period 5Module 4 Music Born in America
Reading & Writing
Speaking Reading & Writing-1. Brainstorm What do you think of Classical music?Reading Practice-2. Answering Read the passage , then answer the questions on Activity 1, page 52. What is probably the best type of music to listen to
while you are studying?
What effect did listening to music before a test have
on some students?
3. Does music have the same effect on all students?MozartTheir test scores improved temporarily.No, it doesn’t.Reading Practice-3. Discussion Discuss the following questions, share your ideas with group members Do you agree with the writer that listening to music
helps you study?
Does music make you fall asleep or concentrate?
Do you prefer studying in a quiet or noisy environment?
What type of music is best for studying?
Is there any type of music you cannot listen to while you
are studying?
What will your parents think if they hear music coming
from your bedroom when you are supposed to be
studying?
Do you think your test scores will improve if you listen
to Mozart when you revise?
Reading Practice-4. Writing Task: Based on what you have discussed just now,
write a description of your study habits.Reading Practice-5. Peer checking and rewriting Read your writing to your partner. Check and rewrite your writing according to the following. Then share it with the whole class.
Do you know the writer’s attitude and emotion?
Are there any good connecting words or phrases?
Are there any good phrases or sentences?
Are there any spelling mistakes? Homework organizing a class concert
Discuss the kind of music you like with your group
members.
Make a short introduction about the music you
have chosen.
Bring the recordings of the music to class. Introduce it
the music to the class and play it.Language Date BankLanguage points for Reading Language Date Bank20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐的主持人（DJ）播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家很喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to ________ ________. dance todance to …：随着……跳舞
你喜欢跟着节奏快的音乐跳舞吗？
Do you prefer to dance to fast music?Language Date Bank2. 纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。
There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who ___________ the idea _________ them.broughtwithbring sth. with sth. 随身带去某物
你下次来的时候带点钱。
Bring some money with you next time when you come.
bring … into 使……处于某种状态，使卷入
bring down 使倒下，使（价格等）降低
bring in 邀请，生产，逮捕，介绍引进Language Date Bank3. 这些打击乐通常很短，但埃而克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, ________ ________ _________.side by sideside by side：一面有一面地，反复地
The couple sat side by side.
那对夫妇肩并肩坐着。Language Date Bank4. 后来他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，所使用的压韵词汇，经常是来自美籍非洲人的文化当中。
Later they _____________ _____________ different vocal and rhythmic approaches, using rhyming words, often words from African – American culture.experimented withexperiment with …：to try something new, especially in order to gain experience 用……做实验
他们正在实验新的教学方法。
They are experimenting with new methods of teaching.
by experiment：通过实验
make / carry out / do an experiment on / upon / in / with
做……实验（试验）Language Date Bank5. “我一听”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”
“_______ ________ I heard it” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” The momentthe moment = as soon as 一……就……
我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错了。
The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.
引导时间状语从句的连词类似的有：
the second, the minute, immediately, directly,
hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … thanLanguage Date Bank6. 其次，人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐---20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。
_________, people _______ _______ _______ the pop music of the day – disco music and rock music were both ________ ________ in the mid – 1970s.Secondlybe bored with …： 对……厌烦
她已经对过去的事情不感兴趣了。
She has been bored with the past.
in decline：在下降，在衰退中
他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。
His interest in computer games is now in decline.were bored with in declineLanguage Date Bank7. 嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！
Hip hop _________ __________ _________ that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco!took advantage of take advantage of ：利用
她建议他利用这个机会。
She advised him to take advantage of the opportunity.
你应该利用这好天气去郊外踏青。
You should take advantage of the fine weather to go for a walk in the country.Language Date Bank8. 这种风格很快就传到了美国的其他地方。
The style soon ________ ________ other parts of the United States.spread tospread to a place：（指消息等）传到某个地方
The news soon spread to other cities.
spread解释为“传播”时还可与其他介词连用。
In the 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe.
The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.
The illness spread through the village.Language Date Bank9. 歌曲是说唱的而不是敲打出来的。
Songs that are spoken ________ ________ songs are called rap.rather than rather than：与其说…倒不如说…,宁愿…不愿…
该短语为从属连词，引导比较从句，而且这个从句经常是省略的。其用法有：
她在工作中的表示是好，而不是坏。
Her performance in work is good rather than bad.
我决定写信给她，而不愿打电话。
I decided to write to her rather than telephone her.
与其说他是位诗人，不如说他是位作家。
He is a writer rather than a poem.Language Date Bank Key phrases of Reading PracticeAt the __________ of most people is that the music is very good.
But she _______ she isn’t vain.
It’s _________ being a part-time job.
The fans ______________ their stars.
They yell their names at concerts and___________ autography.consensusclaimsfar fromare devoted tobeg forModule 4 Music Born in America
Period 5 Function
■Goals
● To learn the way to compare the present and the past
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming-up exercises
First read these opinions from LISTENING on page 49 and answer the questions. Then do this individually, and then check your answers with a partner. Finally call back answers from the whole class.
For reference
1. The mother
2. –er… than; such as; as…. as; much more
3. used to /didn’t use to
Step 2: While reading
Check the opinions that your parents have about the music you listen to.
Now work in pairs and discuss your answers. You are asked to do this individually, and then compare answers with a partner. Finally I’ll call back answers from the whole class. You can ask them to start with “My parents (don’t ) think that….”
Step 3: Exercises
Complete these sentences, making similar comparisons between the present and the past. Use the words in brackets. Do this individually, and then check answers with a partner. Finally I’ll call back answers from the whole class.
For reference
1. Modern pop stars earn more money than pop stars used to in the sixties.
2. Old rock bands used to work harder than young rock bands do today.
3. These days, bands don’t sing and play instruments as well as the old bands used to.
4. These days, music fans spend less money in buying records than people used to do.
5. In the old days, there used to be less opportunity to listen to music than there are now.
Period 6 Speaking
■Goals
● To find helpful information from the text
● To talk about the fun_ction of classical music
■Procedures
Step 1:
Now read the following sentences on page 51 and choose the correct meanings. Do this individually, and then check answers with a partner. Finally I call back answers from the whole class, having one student read a phrase and another a paraphrase.
For reference
1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (a)
Step 2: Exercises
Work in groups. Discuss what you have learnt in this module about the following:
＊the origins of jazz ＊the origins of hip hop
Work in groups of four to do this activity. Then appoint a secretary to note down their answers. Finally I’ll call back suggestions from the secretaries in a whole-class setting.
Step 3:
Look at the photos of musicians in this module (on pages 44-45). Discuss the following questions. Work in groups for this activity, but change the secretaries. Then I will call back ideas from the secretaries in a whole-class setting. Try to develop it into a class discussion.
For reference
1. They dress less formally now; they play electric instruments now, or their instruments and voices are amplified.
2. Yes, but often they are electric versions
3. Students’ answers.
Step 4:
Discuss the questions about modern music. Work in groups for this activity, but change the secretaries. Then I’ll call back ideas from the secretaries in a whole-class setting.
Module 4 Music Born in America
Period 7 Writing
■Goals
● To understand the two-sides effect of music to study
● To learn to describe one’s own study habit with or without music
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming-up exercises
Read the passage and answer the questions. You will answer individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class, having one student ask and another answer the question.
I. a diagram for reference
Music effect
In a psychology experiment
Mozart → before a test → scores improved
In some case
light music → when writing an essay → concentrate well
doing revision
loud music/rap/rock → when writing an essay → handwriting getting bad
doing revision thoughts disordered
In some other case
music of any kind → when studying → can’t think
II. Answer for the questions
For reference
1 classical music such as Mozart
2 Their test scores improved temporarily.
3 No, it depends.
Step 2: While reading
Write a description of your study habits. Use the questions in the text to help you. Do this individually, as homework. Then have the students exchange their writing for peer correction and I’ll choose students to read their work to the whole class.
For reference
I never listen to music of any kind when I study because I find it distracts me from what I am doing. I like to study in a very quiet place, on my own. When I listen to music, I don’t like to do anything else, because I want to concentrate on the music whether it is classical, folk, pop or rock. So if my parents heard music coming from my room they would know I wasn’t studying. I think that for people who like to study with music, either light classical music or some gentle jazz is probably best. I don’t think my test scores would improve if I listened to Mozart when I revised; on the contrary, I think they would get worse.
Period 8 Reading Practice
■Goals
● To get a general idea about Music born in Hong Kong
● To learn to use some useful expressions
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up exercises
Look at the title of the passage. What do you think the passage will be about? Now you have several minutes to read it and I’ll call back suggestions from the whole class.
Do this work individually, and then check your answers with a partner. Finally I’ll call back answers from the whole class; if you wish, list names on the board.
Read the passage and choose the sentence which best expresses its main idea.
For reference (d)
Decide which of the statements expresses the writer’s opinion.
For reference (d)
Step 2: While reading
Choose the best answers first, and then check with a partner. Finally, I’ll call back the answers from the whole class as complete sentences
For reference 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (d) 4 (c) 5 (b)
Complete the sentences in your own words
For reference
1… it is becoming popular throughout the world.
2… of the clean and presentable image of the stars
3…to change their image regularly and make a lot of CDs.
4… they have to make lots of CDs and films, and do lots of concerts and TV appearances.
5... it is a whole way of life
Think about your favorite pop stars. Why do you like them and their music? Are they well known outside china? Now write a passage to describe your favorite pop stars.
Do this individually, as homework. Work in pairs and exchange your homework for peer correction of the language.
Step 3: Exercises
1. This is a mixture ______ ____flour and water. ( 由…组成)
2. The crowd _____ _____ ____ ______ (高兴的发狂)at the carnival party.
3. ____ him mind _____(他走神了), he didn’t catch even a single word of what the teacher was saying.
4. Most of my family are musicians with gift which ____ ___ _____ _____( 与生俱来的).
5. The doctors are ______a surgical ____ ___the injured worker. (给…做手术)
6. The thief was arrested ___ ____ ___ _____(就在现场)where he committed the theft.
7. Many ______ _____ ______. (很多罪行逃脱了惩处)
8. There is an _______ ____ ____ people to work on farms. (立即需要)
9. It was _____(极冷) last night. Two persons ____ _____ ___ _____on the mountain(冻死).
10. The police ___ ______ ______ ______illegal dealers. (严厉打击)
Period 9 Cultural Corner
■Goals
● To enjoy the reading of Americans who changed the World of Music
● To find information needed from the text
● To organize a class concert if possible
■Procedures
Step 1: Reading
Read the passage and answer the questions. Do this individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I will call back the answers from the whole class.
For reference
1 Louis Armstrong: Jazz
Robert Johnson: Blues
Woody Guthrie: folk
2 Eric Clapton / The Rolling Stone / Bob
Step 2: Cultural Box
The Benefit After the September 11th terrorist attack
Some of the best known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States.
The benefit, called “America: a Tribute to Heroes” was sponsored by all four major U.S. Television networks, ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC. It was broadcast by three dozens television, cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.
Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks.
Actors, including Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood, told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Former heavy weight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support.
The appeals alienated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springs teen, Mariah Carey, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon and the rock band U -2.
They appeared on stages in New York, Los Angeles and London, decorated with hundreds of burning candles.
Singer Billy Joel sang, “New York State of Mind” with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano, Sting dedicated his song “Fragile” to a friend who died in the World Trade Center. Stevie Wonder condemned hatreds in the name of religion before singing his song “Love’s in Need of Love Today”. Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities, including Jack Nichlson, Meg Ryan, Whoopie Goldberg, Cindy Crawford, Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.
Organizers said the two hour telethon raised millions of dollars. All participants, from stars to stage hands, worked without money.
Step 3: Organizing a class concert
In order for this to work, you probably need to do a little organization yourself. You may care to divide the class into groups, depending on whether they can play and sing or not.
Thereafter, have them follow the instructions, and research and rehearse out of class. Meanwhile, find out what they are all offering to perform or play, and design a programmer.
Finally produce the concert. If you wish, have other classes, teachers and parents attend.
Module File
This section lists the main areas of language dealt with in this music.
You may want to use it formally for reception, and pronunciation revision, or you may want to give the students 10 minutes to go through it, checking the things they are confident they know, putting a question mark next to those things they are not sure of, and a cross next to those they don’t know. This should then be the basis of their own revision of the module.
课件27张PPT。状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。
从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。??（1）when, as, while （从属连词）
when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：
When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）
When the lesson was over, we began our writing.
（从句动作在前）1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once,the moment, immediately, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by the time, every time, last time…等引导。??as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.
He sang as he walked.While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在… 期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：
While he was in London, he studied music.
While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.当when, as, while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：
While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.*when 可表示“如果”。如：
Don’t be afraid of asking for help_____ it is needed. (’03全国）
A. Unless B. since C. although D. when*while可表示“虽然，尽管”。如：
1)____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(’04浙江）
A. While B. Since C. As D. If2)_____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(’04江苏）
A. While B. Since C. Before D. UnlessWhen和while（并列连词），while表示对照的意思。When 表示“这时，突然…”
I do every single bit of housework____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(’04广西）
A. since B. while C. when D. as
2) He was about to tell me the secret____ some one patted him on the shoulder. (’02上海）
A. as B. until C. while D. when
3) We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(’04北京春招）
A.When B. while C. until D. before
4) Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park____she was bitten on the leg by a lion.(’04上海）
A. When B. while C. since D. before(2)till和until
①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：
I worked till (until) he came back.1) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story.(’03上海）
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
2) We were told that we should follow the main road ___we reached the central railway station.(’04辽宁）
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever② 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。
如：I didn’t go to bed until (till) he came back.③放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：
Until he returns, nothing can be done.3) ---Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
---Yes. He had never praised him _____ he became one of the top students in his grade.(’03春招）
A. after B. unless C. until D. when4) Not until all the fish died in the river ___ how serious the pollution was.(NMET95)
did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才” 等。如：
The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.1) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ____ I could answer the phone.(’00全国）
A. as B. since C. until D. before
2) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ___ it got worse.(’03北京）
A. until B. when C. before D. as(3)before “在…之前”
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.3) Scientists say it may be five or six years____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(’04福建）
A. since B. after C. before D. when
4)It was evening _____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(’04天津）
A. that B. until C. since D. before(4) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：
By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.
Each time he came, he would call on me.
You must show him in immediately he comes.
I recognized him the moment I saw him.注意：
时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。--- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--- Yes, I gave it to her ______ I saw her.(’01全国春招）
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once2、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Go back where you came from.
Wherever you go, you must write to your parents.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.1) The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(’02上海春招）
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
2) She found her calculator _____ she lost it.(’00上海）
A. where B. when C. in which D. that3、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because, as, since, now that引导。注意：
① 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如：
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.② because可以引导表语从句,而 as, since不可以，这时状语一 般都是it, this, that It’s because he is too lazy.③ for也表示“因为”，但是并列 连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.1) Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(’04上海）
A. because B. though C. unless D. if
2) The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ____ they will save us money in the long run.(’00全国春招）
A. or B. since C. for D. but4、目的状语从句： 通常由that, so that, in order that, so…that, lest, in case（以防、免得）等引导： He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.
She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.
I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.注意:
目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情态动词。 *lest (以免，免得), for fear that
I hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it.1) John shut everybody out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.(’02全国）
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
2) Roses need special care_____ they can live through winter.(’04全国）
A. because B. so that C. even f D. as
3) Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ___ her boss could read it first next morning.(’03北京春招）
A. so that B. because C. before D. or else
5、结果状语从句： It was very cold, so that the river froze.
The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.
There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in.
He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.由that, so that, so…that, such…that引导：6、条件状语从句: 由 if, unless, so/as long as (只要), so/as far as, in case (that) (如果，万一)等引导： If plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases. You can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven. In case I forget, please remind me about that.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来
时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。As far as I can tell , the whole thing should cost about $500. Unless you work hard, you will fail,1) John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ____ he phones.(’00全国）
A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that
2) The WTO cannot live up to its name ______ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (’00全国）
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
3) The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.(’01全国春招）
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
4) ____you can call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.(’04吉林）
A. Though B. Whether C. until D. Unless
5) You will succeed in the end______ you give up halfway.(’01上海春招）
A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless
6) ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.(’03北京）
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While
7) --- How far apart do they live?
--- ____ I know, they live in the same neighborhood. (’03上海）
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as
8) ____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(’04北京春招）
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if7、方式状语从句：The teacher told the students to do as he did.
Leave it as it is.
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。
He treats me as if I were his own son.
He walked as if he were drunk. 由连词：as, as if, as though引导：8、比较状语从句：由连词as…as, not so(as) …as, than等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.
Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area. No one can be more fit for his office than he is. He can’t run so fast as she.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如： The more you study, the more you know.
The harder we work, the happier we feel.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _____ . (’02上海）
A. the more for life are you equipped
B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for
D. you are equipped the more for life9、让步状语从句：由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引导.1) Though he is old, yet he is active.
2) Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.
3) Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
We wouldn’t lose heart even if we should fail ten times.4) Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.
5) Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.
6) Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.7) No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8) Whether he comes or not, we’ll discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：
（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。 （2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.（3）as, however引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language. （表语提前）
You should report any incident, however serous or minor it is. （表语提前）Child as he was, he had to support the family.
（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）
Try as she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.（动词提前）
We ‘ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
I really want the car, however much it costs.(副词提前）1) ____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.(’01上海）
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled to much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I gave traveled to much
2) Mr. Hall understands that ____ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.(’03北京）
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
3) --- Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
--- Good, and _____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.(’03 上海）
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
4) You can eat food free in my restaurant____ you like. (’04 重庆）
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however5) _____, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(’04上海）
A.However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
6) You should try to get a good night’s sleep____ much work you have to do.(’04湖北）
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
课件18张PPT。省略句 为了避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为省略.简单句中的省略7.前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时可以单纯使用不定式符号to并列句中的省略惯用的省略结构复合句中的省略2.宾语从句中的省略3.状语从句中的省略1.The research is so designed that once _______nothing can be done to change it. (2002年全国高考)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun 状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。表现你的聪明才智：2.What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it. (2004湖北高考)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略； 关系副词 that在先行词reason/ way后的省略。3.A computer does only what thinking people _________. (1999上海高考)
A. have it do B. have it done
C. have done it D. having it done不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 4.--- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car ?
--- Not at all. ________. (1995NMET)
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。5.--- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?
--- ______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏高考)
A.I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so 替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及 I’m afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose 等词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I don’t think so.6._____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海高考 )
A. Were B. Should
C. Would D. Will 在书面语中, 当条件从句有were, had, should 时省略if , 把它们提至句首, 形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should + V ，should 可以省略。7.--- Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
--- _____ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004重庆高考)
A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot .
C. Yes, I’d like to D. Why not ?省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整, 做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。 英语中常见句式的省略有：
1.It is … (that…) 强调句式中that 部分省略。
2.(It is) No wonder … ( 难怪……)
3.(Is there) Anything else ?
4.(You’d) Better do
5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth 等词组中 8.--- Where did you see him last night?
--- It was in the hotel ____ he stayed.
A. where B. that
C. which D. /补全强调句式that 部分： It was in the hotel （where he stayed） that I saw him last night.
hotel 后为定语从句。Module 4 Music Born in America-Period 1教案
Part One Teaching Design
Module 4 Music Born in America
教学设计说明
话题介绍
本模块主题是“美国音乐”
Period 1 Introduction
美国是一个多民族融合而形成的国家，在其形成的过程中，也出现了不同风格的音乐，这就是本单元探讨的主题。
Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary
READING AND VOCABULARY为第一课时“阅读课”。课文“ All you need to know about Hip Hop”属于说明文体，介绍了美国的嬉蹦乐的知识，主要包括嬉蹦乐的形成、嬉蹦乐在自身的形成中的突破及其成功的原因，让我们对美国的嬉蹦乐有了一个基本的认识。
在阅读的过程中能通过语境识别新学词汇、短语并推断出其意义；能读懂课文、识别课文的文体特征；能够迅速获取有关美国音乐的主要信息并进行加工处理。
Period 3 Grammar
Grammar(1) Adverbial clauses of time 和 Grammar(2) Ellipse 合为语法课，学习时间状语从句和省略的用法。语法教学的方法一般采用演绎法。
Period 4 Listening
能识别对话和语段中新学词汇、短语并正确理解；能听懂教材配套听力材料中有关音乐的交谈。
Period 5 Function
Function 中主要是比较一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，能够正确的使用这两种时态。
Period 6 Speaking
在 Everyday English 中能够使用本模块学过的词汇介绍美国各种类型的音乐。
Period 7 Writing
能够熟练的运用本模块学的语法结构和词汇表达自己的意思；能够写出自己对音乐的某种看法。
Period 8 Reading Practice
学习美国音乐的部分知识后，这一模块我们主要认识香港产生的音乐。香港音乐一直在中国甚至世界特别流行，我们将在课文中了解香港音乐的特点和一些著名的香港歌手。
Period 9 Cultural Corner
通过本模块的学习，了解美国音乐的知识及音乐领域中的重要任务，了解中外音乐的相互影响，了解音乐在人们生活中的作用。可以通过各种途径（如报刊、因特网、图书馆等）获取更多也音乐相关的资料，并能用恰当的词汇表达出来。
Period 1 Introduction
■Goals
To learn something about four kinds of American music
To learn to analyze the text
To learn to get useful information while reading
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by questioning
Hello, everyone. We shall look at the photos and answer the questions. Have you ever heard any kind of American music? What kind of American music would you like to hear? How will you hear it? What kind of music do you think in the photos is being played?
For reference
1. A choir is a large group of singers. A band is a small group of musicians. They play music and may also sing.
2. In the picture we can see saxophone, drums and a double bass, and other instruments, piano, trumpet, etc. are also common.
3. The woman is a black soul singer. Her music is often quite loud, and people often dance to it. The man is probably a white blues singer who is singing and is also playing a guitar and a harmonica. Blues is often quieter than soul music, and people usually don’t dance to it.
Step 2: Before you read
Please go over the word list for this part, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
Step 3: While you read
Read the passage and match the types of American music with their features. Pay attention to the fact that some types of music have the same features as others.
Answers
Soul music
Sophisticated
Blues
Guitar, piano, harmonica
Southern united states
African American
Nineteenth century
Gospel music
Church
Southern united states
Rhythmic
Nineteenth century
Jazz
Making it up when you play
Using unusual rhythms
New Orleans
African American
Module 4 Music Born in America-Period 2练习
Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary
■Goals
● To learn something about hip hop
● To learn to use some expressions in the text
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up
Now work in pairs. Look at some words about music from the passage and try your best to guess what they mean. Pay attention to the words where the stress doesn’t fall on the first syllable: graffiti, improvisation, and percussion.
Read through the words in the box and repeat them chorally and individually.
Step 2: Before you read
Read the passage and check the true statement. You are asked to read and check individually, and then check answers with a partner. Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class, having one student read a statement and another say whether it is true or false.
For reference
True statements are: 1/3/4
Step 3: While you read
Read part 1 again, to find the answers individually, and then check with a partner. Finally call back the answers from the whole class, having one student give the definition and another answer.
For reference
(a) block (b)DJ (c)percussion (d) reggae (e) DJ-ing
(f) Jamaica (g) break dancing (h) graffiti (i) rapping (j) soul music
Read part 2 again and answer the questions and you are asked to do this individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class.
For reference
1. Because he noticed that people didn’t like it.
2. By using two records on two turntables.
3. MCs
4. Hours
5. Breakdancing
Read part 3 and 4 of the passage again. Look at the words and phrases and choose the correct meanings. You are asked to do this individually, and then check with a partner.
Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class
For reference
1 (b) 2 (a ) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (a) 6 (b)
Complete the sentences with the correct words and the whole classes are required to read through the words and repeat them chorally and individually. Pay particular attention to the words where the stress does not fall on the first syllable: electronic, percussion, record
For reference
1 backing track 2 percussion 3 Disco music 4 rap 5 Reggae 6 beat 7 Electronic music 8 Rock music 9 record
Nowadays pop music songs become more and more popular with the young people. Unfortunately few people know the origin of the music. The following passage may give you a hand in the question.
Cultural Box:
*Pop music is the name for various popular, commercial music.
*It originated in the U.S.A. and spread the whole world during the 1950s and 1960s.
*It is widely liked by the young people. The best—known early form of pop music was “rock and roll”; another was “blues”. A more recent development is “folk rock”.
*Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world. It has caused the number of people for “jazz” music to become much smaller than in the 1950s and earlier, and it now began to rule the music stage productions.
*It is a big industry. Much pop music is without artistic value, but the works of some pop singers for example: the Beatle, Bob Dylan, the groups like Pink Floyd and Crosby, Stills and Nash, are on a higher musical level.
And there is still great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world.
Work in groups of four. Read the following comments about hip hop music and answer the questions. Students are required to do the job in-group to do the activity. Students are asked to appoint a secretary to note the answers. At last I’ll call back the answers from the secretaries in a whole-class situation.
Step 4: After you read
Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. If possible, you’re required to make up sentences with them.
Useful expressions from All You Know About Hip Hop
consist of, prefer to, be bored with, in decline, make an impression on sb., stare at, take advantage of, the moment, rather than, in order, come out, be devoted to, dance to, be short for, side by side,
Sentences made with useful expressions from All You Know About Hip Hop
1. How many chapters does the book consist of?
2. Do you prefer to dance to fast music?
3. He has been bored with the past.
4. His interest in computer games is now in decline.
5. I made a bad impression on the boss by leaving too early.
6. It’s not polite to stare at the foreign visitors.
7. I took advantage of the good weather to paint the wall.
8. The moment I picked up the telephone, I realized that someone had dialed the wrong number.
9. It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.
10. It’ll be quite in order for you to speak now.
11. When will her new book come out?
12. Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem.
13. If you can’t dance to the rhythm, we can make the rhythm dance to your tune.
14. UNESCO is short for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
15. The two bottles stood side by side on the table.
Exercise for consolidation
I. Multiple choice
1. Tom, ________ studying, knows nothing about what is happening.
A. devoted to B. having devoted ? C. being devoted D. devoting to
2. The demand in workers in the factory is in_______.
A. influence B. imagination C. rejection D. decline
3. My opinions are in ________ with the aims of the projects.
A. human B. harmonious C. harmony? D. humor
4. The protest ______ by the local people lasted only for several hours.
A. made B. taken C. broken D. caught
5. I'll attend your meeting, if ______.
A. possibly B. possible C. I'm possible D. it possible
6.____ I came into the office, the teacher ______ the students' homework.
A. As, was correcting B. When, was correcting C. While, correcting D. When, corrected
7. Scientists have been making a scientific _______ to the problem.
A. experiment B. friction C. approach D. movement
8. Most of the countries are ________ advantage of modern technology to develop economy.
A. using B. carrying C. making D. taking
9. WTO __________ World Trade Organization.
A. is short for B. is short of C. are short for D. are short of
10. Having lost the prepared draft, I have difficulty ________.
A. to improvise B. in improvising C. with improvising D. to improvise
11. The beautiful scene of the West Lake made a good _________ on me.
A. effort B. deal C. impression D. decision
12. John shouted angrily, protesting _______ the unfair treatment.
A. with B. forward C. for D. against
13. I know you better than_____.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
14. According to the __________ custom, people in the country usually go out for a trip during the holidays.
A. controversial B. conventional C. continental D. considerate
15. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _______ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
Keys: 1-5 ABCDA 6-10 BCDAB 11-15 CDABD
II. Cloze
用下面方框中所给的单词或短语的正确形式完成下面短文.
be blessed with, conventional, rock and roll, mix, audience, start as, rhythm, spread, arise
America _1_ the most _2_ music scene in the world. From the continent has _3_ some of the greatest music. As well as attracting huge _4_ in the home; they have _5_ offshore. Gospel music developed?in the churches are strong?and _6_. Jazz was _7_ by African-?American musicians. Blues _8_ songs sung by working people. Soul music is a _9_ of blues, gospel and a little _10_.
Keys: 1. is blessed with 2.conventional 3. arisen 4.audience 5. spread,
6.rhythmic 7.developed 8. started as 9. mixture 10.rock and roll
Module 4 Music Born in America-Period 3练习
Period 3 Grammar
■Goals
● To understand adverbial clauses of time
● To learn to make sentences containing the adverbial clauses of time
● To understand ellipses
● To note ellipses while reading
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by questioning
Read this sentence from the passage on page 45. Choose the best explanation. You are asked to answer the questions by yourselves, and then check with a partner. Finally I’ll collect the answer from the whole class. (c)
Complete the sentences in your own words. Write sentences for the last two blanks using the moment ….You are asked to answer this by yourselves, and then check with a partner.
Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class.
Step 2: Learning about Adverbial clauses of time
1. Adverbial clauses of time can not only use the following words and phrases to introduce: when, while, as, before, after, the moment, but also phrases such as every time, ever since, the first time, the last time, by the time
状语从句
the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, the first time, last time, each/every time, next time, by the time等少数表示时间概念的短语可引导时间状语从句。例如： The first time we met, we were at a rock concert.
I recognized her the minute I saw her. Her son was born the day Hongkong returned to its motherland. He left Europe the year World War Ⅱ broke out. He was attracted by the beauty of the city the first time he went there. Last time I saw her, she was writing a book. Don’t refer to the dictionary each/every time you come upon a new word. I will go to the seaside next time I go to Dalian. He had finished learning advanced mathematics by the time he was 14.
高考链接
I thought her nice and honest ___ I met her. （98上海）
A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time
答案：C
2. Answer the questions with the adverbial clauses of time
Firstly, look at the sentences and think about the meaning of the time expression. Secondly complete the passage with the correct time expression. Thirdly answer this by yourselves, and then check with a partner. Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class.
For reference
(1) the first time (2) the moment (3) by the time (4) The next time (5) The last time (6) It was the first time I’d (7) the first time
Step 3: Learning about ellipses
省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析, 句子应该具备的成分, 有时出于修辞上的需要, 或为了避免重复，在句中并不出现, 这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences, 这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分, 但仍能表达其完整的意义。
??省略形式多样, 从单词、短语到分句, 都可以省略, 而且各有一定的衔接关系。“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法, 而且也是一种简便至极, “虽无胜有”的修辞手段。
一·省略主语
Heard this song?(= Have you heard this song?)
Beg your pardon. （我）请你再说一遍。（Beg前省略了主语I）
Take care! 当心！（Take前省略了主语you）
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it）
二·省略谓语动词
I sat near the window, and Mike near the door. (Mike 后面省略了sat)
The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice后面省略了was）
We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do）
三·省略宾语
Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry.
咱们来洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes）
四·省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest后面省略了定语of the money）
五·省略状语
He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how）
六·省略不定式符号后的部分
--- What you said hurt her deeply.
---- I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to. (= I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt her.)
He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他愿意的话。（to后面省略了动词leave）
Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。（to后面省略了动词go）
Step 4: Exercise for consolidation
1. --- I won’t do it any more. --- ________?
A. Why don’t B. Why don’t do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to
2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told
3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.
A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no
4. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.
A. attended B. didn’t attend C. didn’t D. did
5. --- What’s Joan doing?
--- _________ newspapers in the room.
A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading
6. _________ always succeed.
A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever
C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever
7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ?
A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me
8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.
A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more
9. --- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--- Not at all. _________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like to D. I’d be happy to
10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- _________. It’s too expensive.
A. Why not B. I agree C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure
Keys: CDCDD ADBDC
Step 5:
Read the conversation in Activity 2. Put brackets around the words that can be left out. The first example is done for you. Second do the exercise individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I will call back the answers from the whole class, having one student read the full version and another student give the elliptical version.
Step 6: Extension
1. Work in groups and practice both conversations – the “full” version and the elliptical version, changing roles to do both parts. Circulate and monitor their pronunciation.
I will have some pairs perform the elliptical version for the whole class, and then we will discuss the difference between the two versions, and decide which is more natural.
2. Read the conversation and add words to make it clearer and do the exercises individually, and then check with a partner. Finally I will call back the answers from the whole class.
For reference
Garry: I’m / Have you
Matt: do you mean
Garry: I mean
Matt: Have you / It
Garry: That’s a / Has
Matt: I / I’m
Module 4 Music Born in America-Period 4练习
Period 4 Listening
■Goals
● To listen to the text about the dialogue between the mother and the child
● To learn to get useful information while listening
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming-up before listening
Now work in groups. Match the instructions on the left with the meaning on the right. And then I’ll ask the students to answer this by themselves. Thirdly check with a partner. Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class, having one student give an instruction and another meaning.
For reference
Turn the music up---make the music louder
Turn the music down--- make the music quieter
Turn the music on----- start playing the music
Turn the music off----- stop playing the music
Step 2: While listening
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answers, I will ask the students to read through the questions first. At the beginning, I play the recording only once. At the same time you focus on the questions, then I will play it again for you to answer the questions; you can check with a partner. During the third time you should check, complete and correct
Finally I’ll call back the answers from the whole class.
For reference
1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (b)
Tape script
Fx Noisy music
Mother: Can you turn that down a bit?
Daughter: What?
Mother: Turn down the music please! It’s too noisy.
Daughter: Sorry, I can’t hear you. Wait a minute please.
Fx music turned down
Daughter: Sorry, mum. What did you say?
Mother: I asked you to turn down the music.
Daughter: Pardon?
Mother: I’m not surprised that you couldn’t hear me.
Daughter: Was I playing the music too loud?
Mother: Yes, you were.
Daughter: Sorry, didn’t mean to.
Mother: What kind of music are you listening to?
Daughter: A new American hip-hop band.
Mother: They are very loud.
Daughter: Yes, great. Aren’t they?
Mother: What are they called?
Daughter: Don’t know. It’s not my CD. It’s my friend Angela’s.
Mother: Well they are not my cup of tea. Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
Daughter: Not true. I listened to one of your CDs the other day. It was very loud.
Mother: Well, when I was your age, we didn’t listen to such loud music.
Daughter: I bet you did.
Mother: We didn’t.
Daughter: Really?
Mother: All right, we did. But we didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days.
Daughter: Ok. I’ll turn it down.
Mother: Thank you. But why are you inside listening to music anyway? It’s a beautiful day. When I was young, we used to spend much more time in the open air than you do. Why don’t you turn the music off and go for a walk?
Daughter: I don’t want to. Anyway, I am waiting for a phone call.
Mother: Who from?
Daughter: Angela. She said she’d call me but she hasn’t.
Mother: Why don’t you call her?
Daughter: It’s her turn to call me.
Mother: Well, why don’t you go and see her? She only lives round the corner.
Daughter: Yes! Good idea. She’s got some more CDs than me.
Mother: Honestly….
Step 3: After Listening
Work in pairs. Read this extract from the conversation and underline the stressed words. First read through the text and underline the stressed words individually. You can then check with a partner. Second I’ll call back your suggestions. You are expected to write the text on the board and mark the words. Now listen again and check
For reference
A: Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
B: Not true. I listened to one of your CDs the other day. It was really loud
A: Well, when I was your age, we didn’t listen to loud music.
B: I bet you did!
A: We didn’t.
B: Really?
A: All right, we did. But we didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days.
B: Ok! I’ll turn it down.
A: Thank you.
Module 4 Music Born in America-Section 1 Background Readings素材
Part Two Teaching Resources
Section 1 Background Readings for Module 4 Music Born in America
1. something about music
Classical music is the one that happened in European country such as Germany, France, Poland…before the second world war. It includes serenade, symphony, piano music, concerto, violin music, quartet etc.
After the second world war, most of the music is "Pop'', including Jazz, Hip-hop, Rock and Roll, R&B, Nature music, Rap, light music, etc.
Folk music is created by one people through many years. Polka, Mazurka are foreign country's folk music. Chinese zither music, Chinese flute music, erhu fiddle music…are our country's folk music.
2. DJ (disc jockey): A person who plays records and talks about music on the radio or in a club.
3. The Rolling Stones: The Rolling Stones are the longest surviving rock band in the world. Formed by Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Brian Jones and Charlie Watts in the early 1960s, they had their first UK No. 1 hit all over now in July 1964. They then went on to have another 7 No 1 hits, and another 12 UK Top Ten hits. After the mystery death of Brian Jones, Mick Taylor, and now Ronnie Wood took over as lead guitarist, and in the 1900s Wyman left the band but was not replaced by another full time members. They continue to tour and make records.
4. Jazz: Jazz is a kind of music with strong rhythms, in which the players often improvise (make up music as they are playing). Jazz was originally created by African-American musicians in New Orleans in the early 20th century. There are many different styles of Jazz, including Dixieland and swing. Syncopation is also very important to Jazz.
5. Blues: Blues is a type of music which started as songs sung by African Americans while they were working. The first blues music was played in the southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, using instruments such as guitar, piano and harmonica. The words of early blues songs often consisted of a single line repeated two or three times before changing.
6. GRAFFITI: In the text there is an expression “graffiti art”, first we should know what graffiti is. It refers to words or drawings, especially humorous, rude or political, on walls, doors, etc. in public places.
GRAFFITI, 汉语为“涂鸦”，可以说是一种书法。因为GRAFFITI是以字体为根本，利用喷漆的独特表现手法，与墙体上去创造有震撼性和视觉感的画面。 ????? GRAFFITI起源于六十年代初。由于当时贫民区里有一群被视为社会问题的失业、失学的西裔或黑人青年,他们在反种族歧视、反战、反性压抑、反权力压抑的运动思潮中,形成一种地域性的反文化社会行为,发展其有独特风格的GTAFFITI艺术。
????? GRAFFITI(涂鸦)意大利文之意是(乱写),初时的GRAFFITI的确是以类似的形态的出现。利用概括的符号, 扼要的去表明意图。有些人更会写上自己的名字和门牌号码，以此告之世人他们的存在。之后随着GRAFFITI的发展,GRAFFITI不单是一种表达意图和宣传自己名字的工具， 而且更成为了GRAFFITI创作者(WRITER)之间相互竞争方式和工具。起初他们会比赛谁的签名大,谁写得漂亮。他们最初的工具是水笔，但很快他们发觉水笔太细不能造出更大的签名。很快他们发现了喷漆。喷漆凭借它鲜艳的颜色和方便快捷的使用方法，很快地成为了 GRAFFITI 爱好者创作工具的最爱。因为喷漆的方便使用,?颜色丰富，使更多的GRAFFITI创作者向创作有画面美感的大幅GRAFFITI发展，使GRAFFITI不再是单一的概括符号、签名和门牌号码，?而是一些通过字体变形扭曲创作出来的一幅幅色彩鲜艳的美丽画面。到此他们不再单是比赛谁的签名大、漂亮。更比赛谁的字体画得更漂亮, 更有自己的风格。
????? 因为他们觉得抄袭别人的东西是一种耻辱。所以创造出有自己独特风格的字体是每个WRITER最希望做到的事情。慢慢地GRAFFITI演变出一种独特的艺术表达形式出现。
Module 4 Music Born in America-Section 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences素材
Section 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences from Module 4 Music Born in America
1. The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to.
20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐的主持人（DJ）播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家很喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
dance to, 随着…跳舞 to 在这里是伴随,和着节奏的含义，如：sing to piano, chant to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song
常见带介词to的短语归纳
在高中阶段的英语学习中，常常会遇见许多含有to的短语，而其中有些短语所含的to为介词，后面要求接名词，代词或动名词形式。往往容易将这种情况与不定式符号后接动词原形相混淆，为了帮助区别记忆，现将高中阶段常见带介词to的短语归纳如下：
be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be related to 与…有关系
be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于
be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被…录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为
reduce…to…使…沦为 be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应
be known to 为…所知 be married to 和…结婚 be sentenced to被判处
be connected to 和…连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be compared to 被比喻成
compare… to…把…比作… be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯
be engaged to 与…订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致
object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持
attend to 专心；注意；照料； see to 负责；注意 contribute to对…作贡献；有助于
make contributions to对…作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to几乎；将近
reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to 加起来 in addition to除…之外
turn to转向；求助于 feel up to 能胜任于 look up to 尊敬 admit to承认
belong to 属于 take to 喜爱；开始 cling to 附着 fall to 开始
respond to 回答；对…作出回应 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于 amount to等于
set an example to 给…树立榜样 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅prefer… to…更喜欢
agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事）
take/make a trip to到…地方去 join…to…把…和 …连接起来 turn a blind eye to对…视而不见
turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻 show honour to向…表示敬意 put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束
drink (a toast) to为……干杯 propose a toast to 提议…… set fire to 放火烧……
happen to…发生了……事 occur to sb. 想起；想到 total up to 总计达
be close to 几乎；将近 hold to 坚持；抓住 help oneself to 随便用……
hold on to 抓住；固守 do harm to 对……有害处 do wrong to 冤枉某人
date back to 追溯到 give an eye to着眼于 have an eye to doing 打算
come to 来到；达到；结果为 (比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事) when it comes to… 谈到……时
describe to 向……描述 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃…… trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人
pay a visit to 参观…… the key to ……的答案 access to 进入；取得的方法
on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中 be a stranger to 不习惯；对……陌生
be kind to 对……和善 be important to 对……重要 be senior to 年龄长于……
be junior to年龄小于…… be equal to 和……相等 be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患
be particular to ……所特有的 （比较：be particular about 对……过于讲究；挑剔）
be familiar to 为 ……熟悉 be similar to 和……相似 be open to 对……开放
be loyal to 对……忠诚 be helpful to对……有益处 be useful to对……有用
be good to sb对某人好 （比较：be good for 对……有益处）
be bad to 对……不好 be bad for（比较：对……有害处）
be new to 对……不习惯；对……陌生 next to（否定词前）几乎； next to ……的旁边
due to 由于；归因于…… be due to do sth.预定要做某事 owing to 由于；因……的缘故
thanks to 多亏了；由于 as to 关于；至于 in/with regard to 关于
in/with relation to 关于；就……而论 according to 根据 subject to 在……条件下；依照
专项练习：
1. The engine of the plane was out of order and the thunderstorm ______ the helplessness of the pilot in the sky.
A. added to B. made up C. led to D. took over
2. ---What a large and bright room! Is it a classroom?
---No. It ______ the students’ reading—room.
A. refers to B. stands for C. is meant for D. makes up of
3. It was foolish of him to _______ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to
4. Eating too much fat can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. result from B. devote to C. attend to D. contribute to
Keys: 1-4 ACBD
2. “The moment I heard it,” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” “我一听，”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”
the moment 用作连词来引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，表示“一……就……”
1. 时间状语从句由下列连词引导，如：after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as
She started the job after/shortly after she left the university.她大学毕业后不久就开始做这份工作。
I’d like to see you whenever （it’s ）convenient. 在你方便的时候我想来看看你。
Let’s wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停再说吧。
Once the train is moving, there’s no way to stop it. 火车一旦开动就没办法让它停下来。
They were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他们上学迟到都挨骂。
2. 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句，如：?the minute, the moment, every time, the first time
The moment he reached the country, he started his search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before. 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。
3. 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：
Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.
校长一进来， 大家就安静下来。
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。
1. ---Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
---He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word. (2006四川)
A. before B. until C. when D. after
2. “You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东)
A. until B. when C. since D. because
3. A dozen ideas were considered ____ the chief architect decided on the design of the building. (2006上海)
A. because B. before C. whether D. unless
4. ____ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统) to recover. (2006江苏)
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
5. ---How long do you think it will be ____ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? (2006福建)
---Perhaps two or three years.
A. when B. until C. that D. before
6. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps. (2006湖南)
A. while B. when C. since D. after
7. He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came his ears. (2006辽宁)
A. why B. where C. when D. while
8. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? (2006山东)
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
Keys: 1-5 AABDD 6-8 BCD
Module 4 Music Born in America-Section 3 Words and Expressions素材
Section 3 Words and Expressions from Module 4 Music Born in America
vain adj. 自负的； 爱虚荣的unsuccessful or useless; of no value: The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover. FORMAL It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed.
She is very vain about her good looks. 无用的；无结果的；徒劳的
But she claims she isn’t vain. 但是她声明她并不自负。
a vain attempt 无用的尝试
vain promising 空头许诺
in vain 徒然，枉然unsuccessful or useless: I tried in vain to start a conversation. All the police’s efforts to find him were in vain.
All our work was in vain.
The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.
devote v.
1 to give all of sth., especially your time, effort or love, or yourself, to sth. you believe in or to a person: He left government to devote more time to his family. She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people. [R] At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God. Madam Curie was devoted to the study of science.
2 [often passive] to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose: Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment. The report recommends that more resources be devoted to teaching four year olds.
Net chat may be interesting, but you should not devote all your time to doing it.
The doctor is determined to devote his whole life to studying SARS virus.
beg v.
1 [I or T] to ask for sth. urgently and without pride because you want it very much: They begged for mercy. [+ speech] “Please, please forgive me!” she begged (him). [+ object + to infinitive] He begged her to stay, but she simply laughed and put her bags in the car. 2 [I or T] to ask for food or money because you are poor: There are more and more homeless people begging on the streets these days. She had to beg for money and food for her children. They yell their names at concepts and beg for autographs.
3 [I] If a dog begs, it sits with its front legs in the air as if to ask for sth.: They have trained their dog to sit up and beg.
quit v. to stop doing sth. or leave a job or a place: Would you quit your job if you inherited lots of money? [+ ing form of verb] I’m going to quit smoking. Quit wasting my time! Press Q to quit the program.
I have quit my job.
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly paid but demanding position in his company recently.
refreshing adj. 爽快的，凉爽的，使人精神振奋的
1 making you feel less hot or tired: There’s nothing more refreshing on a hot day than a cold beer. I had a refreshing drink.
2 pleasantly different and interesting: It’s a refreshing change to see a losing team shaking hands and still smiling after a match.
common sense of a most refreshing sort 与众不同的常识
decline n.
when sth. becomes less in amount, importance, quality or strength: industrial decline Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline (= not so many people are doing it). a decline in the number of unemployed She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline.
The protesting activities went into decline when the new government came to power.
v. to gradually become less, worse, or lower: His interest in the project declined after his wife died. The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls. FORMAL The land declines sharply away from the house.
Helen angrily declined to attend the meeting.
harmony n.
1 when people are peaceful and agree with each other, or when things seem right or suitable together: racial harmony (= good feelings between different races) domestic harmony (= good feelings in the family or home) Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in (perfect) harmony. People in the small town live in perfect harmony.
We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.
2 a pleasant musical sound made by different notes being played or sung at the same time: singing in harmony The tune is in harmony with the rhythm in the music.
It is a simple melody with complex harmonies.
protest n. 1 [C or U] a strong complaint expressing disagreement, disapproval or opposition: Protests have been made/registered by many people who would be affected by the proposed changes. A formal protest was made by the German team about their disqualification from the relay final. Conservation groups have united in protest against the planned new road. 2 [C] an occasion when people show that they disagree with sth. by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc: a public protest against the war a peaceful/violent protest v. 1 to show that you disagree with sth. by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc: A big crowd of demonstrators were protesting against cuts in health spending. US Outside, a group of students were protesting research cuts. 2 to say sth. forcefully or complain about sth.: A lot of people protested about the new working hours. They protested bitterly to their employers, but to no avail. [+ that] A young girl was crying, protesting that she didn’t want to leave her mother. All through the trial he protested his innocence (= strongly said he was not guilty).
technique n.
a way of doing an activity which needs skill: We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. She's a wonderfully creative dancer but she doesn't have the technique of a truly great performer.
improvise v.
1 to invent or make sth., such as a speech or a device, at the time when it is needed without already having planned it: I hadn't prepared a speech so I suddenly had to improvise. To sleep on, we improvised a mattress from a pile of blankets. 2 When actors or musicians improvise, they perform without fixed speech or music, making it up as they perform it: During certain scenes of the play there isn't any script and the actors just improvise (the dialogue).
emerge v.
1 to appear by coming out of sth. or out from behind sth.: She emerged from the sea, blue with cold. 2 to come to the end of a difficult period or experience: The Prince emerged unscathed from the scandal.
arise v.
to happen: (arose, arisen) Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to China. Could you work on Saturday, should the need arise (= if it were to be necessary)? Are there any matters arising from (= caused by) the last meeting?
boom
n. a period of sudden economic growth, especially one that results in a lot of money being made: This year has seen a boom in book sales. The insurance business suffered from a vicious cycle of boom and bust. the property boom
v. The leisure industry is booming (= is very successful).
pace n.
1 the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes: a slow/fast pace When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace. Could you slow down a bit - I can’t keep pace with (= walk or run as fast as) you. For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry. These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace. I don’t like the pace of modern life. 2 force the pace to make other people in a race go faster by going faster yourself
3 a single step, or the distance you move when you take a single step: Take two paces forwards/backwards. The runner collapsed just a few paces from the finish.
tight adj., adv. (held or kept together) firmly or closely: I can’t untie the knot – it’s too tight. This lid is on very tight. The people stood talking in tight groups. Hold on tight when we go round this corner. Check that windows and doors are shut tight (= completely closed) before you leave. The plastic cover was stretched tight (= stretched as much as it could be) across the tank.?? adj. 1 If you have a tight feeling in your chest you have an uncomfortable feeling of pressure, caused by illness, fear, etc. 2 Controls or rules that are tight are ones which severely limit what can happen. 3 If time or money is tight, there isn’t enough of it: I’m sorry I can’t stop, time’s really tight. They’re raising three kids on one small salary so money is very tight. 4 Clothes or shoes that are tight fit the body too closely and are uncomfortable: That jacket’s too tight - you want a bigger size.
deadline n.
a time or day by which sth. must be done: There’s no way I can meet that deadline. We’re working to a tight deadline (= We do not have much time to finish the work). I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline - the deadline for applications was May 30th.
swap v.
to give sth. and be given sth. else instead; to exchange: When you’ve finished reading your book, and I’ve finished mine, shall we swap? We swapped addresses with the people we met on holiday. When he got a job in a bank, he had to swap his jeans and T-shirt for a suit (= he had to wear formal clothes instead of informal ones). [+ two objects] I’ll swap you my chocolate bar for your peanuts. We spent the evening in the pub, swapping (= telling each other) stories/jokes. n. UK ALSO swop ?? an exchange, or sth. that is going to be or has been exchanged: I thought Simon’s food looked nicer than mine, so we did a swap. This comic is a swap (= something that was exchanged) that I got from Nick.
经典时文背诵
Homework Suggestions
Many beginning college students have not developed good study habits and find the transition (转换) to college work to be quite difficult. You may find some aspects of this course to be frustrating (使感到灰心) to you; this is natural, but you should try not to let that block you from succeeding at the course.
Here are some hints that you should consider:
Don't do your homework in front of the TV or with the radio or stereo going. These are distractions (分心的事物) and will prevent you from concentrating on the material you are studying. Some students say: "But I work better with music going"; they are deluding (迷惑) themselves. What they actually mean is "I enjoy it more when there's music going". That may be true, but studies indicate that it takes students longer, and the results are worse, if there are distractions like music and television when they are working on their homework. If you must listen to music while studying or doing homework, at least listen to classical music; studies show that this makes you smarter.
课件61张PPT。Music Born in America Unit 4America music is the blend of all kinds of culture and music. On the other hand, America is a free country for the music development.BreakdancingA Movie about Breakdancing
The Breakdancing shows on the stage and in the street.Graffiti ArtworksGraffiti ArtworksDJs play a important role in the rock musicA Famous America Rap SingerA rap singer being awarded a prize作为被剥夺文化的奴隶，早期非洲-美国黑人认为只有教堂才是他们能抒发和抚慰在新处境里心境的地方，并通过寓言和歌唱形式传播单纯的“转世投胎”的理论，使黑人教堂在19世纪异常繁荣。他们早期通过口耳传播非洲化的基督教圣歌，由此转化、形成了黑人精神——和谐的福音音乐（GOSPEL MUSIC）。
福音音乐（GOSPEL MUSIC）Rap：
扣击责骂使着迷发敲击声交谈理解
也叫说唱乐 (美国人说)说唱乐在早期的时候被称作“旧式说唱乐”。而其形式也总是由DJ刮擦唱片或播放连续的鼓曲从而产生多变的和节奏感极强的音乐，伴着这种音乐MC在一旁快速地，极富节奏感地用语言诠释着自己对生活的感悟或精神状态。说唱乐就是这样默默地，却是极生动地开端了它发展的坎途。随后，乐器的搭配上说唱乐融入了硬式摇滚吉他，第一支“硬核说唱乐(HardcoreRap)”组合Run—D.M.C.也将“hard—hittingbeats”引进了说唱乐的表现方法里，而旧式的刮擦唱片的技术也经由声音采样技术的提高和普及取而代之。
Grammar: Ellipsis小议省略
为避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。一般说来，句子的省略都发生在句子的主要成分上，即发生在主语，谓语，宾语上。1.省略主语
(1) 在祈使句中省略主语，如：(You) Come here.
(2) 在表达对某事物的看法时，有时也把主语省略，如：
(It) Sounds like a good idea.
(I) Have no idea.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(1) 在并列句中省略重复的部分，如：
He repaired the computer and I (repaired) the loudspeaker.
Mary learns French and John (learns) German.
(2) 当并列句或从句中有助动词时，可以省略相同的动词，如：
She might sing, but I don’t think she will (sing).
(3) 在there be句型中省略there be，如：
(Is there) Anything I can do for you?3.省略宾语
作为宾语的单词或从句有时都可以省略，如：
He wrote down the new words and I wrote down (the new words), too.
—Is our teacher in the office?
—Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is or not ).4.主语和谓语一起省略
(You come) This way please.
—What do you want to eat?
—(I want) Some rice and vegetables.5.不定式符号to后面的动词可以省略
(1) 在回答话语中，如：
—Would you like to come to the party?
—I’d love to (come to the party).
(2) 在状语从句中，如：
You can go with us to the concert if you want to.
(这里特别要注意动词可以省略，但是不定式符号to不可以省略。)??涂鸦艺术(Graffiti art) 涂鸦艺术在 HIP HOP文化中，一直是较静态的一个部份，因为它一直游走在法律与艺术之间，其实说起来，其中违法的部份在于许多人仍将它用在地盘的区分上，而非用在真正的艺术创作上。但谁都不能就此否认它们的存在价值，因为涂鸦的起源本是如此。 所以在欧洲，有许多艺术家组成联盟，为的只是要争取它们在艺术上的价值。pianosaxophonesaxophonefluteA Music Band pianoLanguage Point1. Cantopop expresses only harmony and virtue, and Hong Kong is blessed with the most conventional music scene in the world. (P53)
在这个句子中，be blessed with 表示“幸运的享有”，“有幸得到”，“具有……”，后加名词。类似的用法还有:
e.g. He is blessed with good health. 他享有好的健康。
此外，bless一词还常用于一些常用语中，如：
God be blessed! 感谢主！
God bless me! 上帝保佑我！2. People were bored with the pop music of the day—disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s. (P45)
句中，be bored with sth/ sb, 表示“对……感到厌烦”，这里要注意区别bored和boring, bored 表示“感到厌烦的”，而boring表示“令人厌烦的”，如：
This job is so boring that everyone intends to give it up.
Everyone is bored with this tough job.3. The fans are devoted to their stars. (P53)
句中，be devoted to 后加名词或动名词，表示“致力于”，“专心于”
e.g. He has been devoted to the research of artificial intelligence.
People are devoted to finding the main contradiction.
devote还可以用于短语devote oneself to…表示“献身于”，“致力于”。4. They yell their names at concerts and beg for autographs. (P53)
beg for sth. 表示“请求得到某物”，也可用于beg sb. to do sth. 表示“请求某人做某事”，如：
The children begged for the best rewards for their excellent performance in the exams.
The stray children begged that old man to give them some food to eat.5. When new albums come out, the stars are marketed as consumer products, (…) (P53)
come out意为“出来”，“出现”，“发行”，“出版”，“发表”，“揭露”等，这里表示“专辑发行”。
e.g. The author’s new book just came out and it was soon becoming a best-seller. 作者的新书刚刚出版, 很快就变得很畅销。
The whole story came out during the process of trial. 整个事情在审讯过程中揭露出来。6. It is far from being a part-time job. (P53)
far from在这个句子中表示“远远不”，“完全不”。它的本义是“远离……”，如：It is far from here.
7. I wanted black music to make an impression on white audience and we got some great blues, jazz and gospel artists. (P55)
make an impression on sb.表示“给某人留下印象”，“给……以影响”，另外还可以用make no impression on sb.，意为“对某人无影响”。 8. (…), but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, side by side. (P44)
side by side表示“并排”，“一起”，“肩并肩”。类似的短语还有：neck and neck “并驾齐驱地”, head to head “交头接耳地”。9. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco. (P45)
take advantage of sth. 表示“利用”，“很好的使用某物”，take advantage of sb.表示“欺骗”，“占便宜”，与advantage的相关短语还有：have the advantage of 比……强, 胜过，make one’s advantage of 利用，占便宜。10. The teacher told us that she would try out the theory and play us some classical music, (…) (P52)
try out的意思是“试验”，“尝试”，另外还可以表示“参加选拔”，如：
He has tried out for the football team, but failed.1.in decline
(a)becoming more popular
(b)becoming less popular
2.took advantage of
(a)used
(b)didn’t use√√Exercises3.the next generation
(a)the people who followed immediately
(b)people 20 years later
4.spread
(a)went to other places
(b)stayed in the same place
√√
5.strongly influenced (by)
(a)affected a lot
(b)didn’t affect at all
6.emerged
(a)disappeared
(b)appeared
√√Backing tracks beat disco music electronic music
Percussion rap reggae rock music record1.The instrumental music behind a singer’s voice is called the ______________ .
2.Drums and similar instruments are called__________.
3.______________ is music that people dance to in clubs.
backing trackspercussionDisco music4.Songs that are spoken rather than sung are called________________.
5.____________ is a kind of music that comes from the Caribbean.
6.The__________ of a song makes you want to dance!
rapReggaebeat
7._____________ is produced on a computer.
8._____________ can be very noisy.
9.Musicians__________ their songs in a studio. Electronic musicRock musicrecordEveryday English1.can you turn that music down a bit?
(a)can you make it louder?
(b)can you make it quieter?
2.It isn’t my cup of tea.
(a)It isn’t the kind of thing I like.
(b)This tea belongs to someone else.
√√3.We didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days.
(a)You like listening to music louder than we did.
(b)We listened to louder music than you.
4.why are you inside listening to music?
(a)Why don’t you turn the music off and go out?
(b)Why don’t you listen to the music outside?√√5.It’s her turn to call me.
(a)I called her last time.
(b)She wants to call me.
√Louis ArmstrongCultural CornerRobert JohnsonWoody GuthrieWoody Guthrie was playing his guitar.Questions:1.Do you like Hongkong Music?
2.What do you know about Cantopop?
3.Which Hongkong singer do you like?The kings of CantopopJackie Cheung Andy LauLeon LaiAaron Kwok 1. You should this opportunity, for it may not occur again.
2. He was being satisfied with the current position in the company so at last he quit.
3. It is evident from his words that he has been this task, because he said he would never do it again.Test Yourselftake advantage offar frombored with4. The girl talked eloquently (富有表现力地) in order that she could ____________________the interviewers.
5. The city _______________ the favorable situation for the future development.
6. As soon as the book Chicken Soup _______________, it became popular among the young people pretty soon.make an impression oncame outis blessed with7. The scientist has been _______________ the research for nearly 30 years.
8. The workers are on strike recently because they ___________ the increase of the salary.
9. Apparently, he has an intention to ___________ if the machine works.
10.He put two favorite toys, Snoopy and Kitty, on the bookshelf ,_______________ side by sidetry outbeg fordevoted toGood bye
