2023年中考英语复习被动语态精讲课件（共30张PPT）

(共30张PPT)
英语语法
被动语态
Passive Voice
目录
什么是被动语态
谓语动词被动语态的用法
非谓语动词被动语态用法
什么是被动语态
语态概述
语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者；
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受着。
例：Many people speak English.
例：English is spoken by many people.
被动语态用法（一）
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）
Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，这个时候在执行者前要用by
The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
被动语态用法（二）
做客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型：
It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It’s reported that it will rain tomorrow.
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
谓语动词的被动语态
被动语态构成
be＋及物动词的过去分词
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的
一般现在时被动语态结构
am／is／are＋过去分词（P.P）
Many students study English.
Do they speak French
They don’t use the room.
被动语态：
English is studied by many students.
Is French spoken by them
The room isn’t used by them.
How to…
主动语态变被动语态
am／is／are＋过去分词（P.P）
1、Many students study English.
English is studied by many students. St
uden
2、Do they speak French
Is French spoken by them
3、They don’t use the room.
The room isn’t used by them.
变换方法
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后
“过分”来使用
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格
练一练
We play football on Sunday.
Football is played by us on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
He often uses those computers in the class.
Those computers are often used by him in the class.
We make these machines in BeiJing.
These machines are made by us in BeiJing.
一般过去时被动语态结构
was／were＋过去分词（P.P）
The hunter killed a tiger .
He wrote many stories last year.
被动语态：
A tiger was killed by the hunter .
Many stories were written by him last year .
一般将来时被动语态结构
will/shall ＋be +过去词（P.P）
be going to be＋过去分词（P.P）
I shall make a plan .
They are going to fix the radio in an hour .
被动语态：
A plan will be made by me .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
现在进行时被动语态结构
am／is／are being＋过去分词（P.P）
These workers are building a new bridge .
He is mending his car.
被动语态：
A new bridge is being built by these workers .
His car is being mended by him.
过去进行时被动语态结构
was／were being＋过去分词（P.P）
He was selling books .
They were discussing the plan at that time .
被动语态：
Books were being built by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时被动语态结构
have／has been＋过去分词（P.P）
She has learned many English words .
He has finished the work .
被动语态：
Many English words have been learned by her .
The work has been finished by him .
情态动词被动语态结构
can / may / must / should + be + p.p.
We should hand in our homework .
You must answer the question in English .
被动语态：
Our homework should be handed in by us .
The question must be answered in English by you .
被动语态需要注意的关键问题（一）
时态一致
I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.
带双宾语的句子
间接宾语(sb.)变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语(sth.)不变
直接宾语(sth)作为被动语态的主语, 则需要在间接宾语前加for或者to
Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直)
-- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.
I bought him a book.
--He was bought a book by me.
--A book was bought for him by me.
被动语态需要注意的关键问题（二）
含动词短语的句子：谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词
His best friend often looks after him.
--He is often looked after by his best friend.
They take good care of my child.
--My child is taken good care of (by them).
含否定词的否定句
1、主动句的主语是nobody, no one等否定意义的词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody
2、否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
不用被动语态的情况之一
表示东西本身特性
This kind of pens write very smoothly.
Mo Yan’s novels sell very well.
This coat costs me 500 yuan.
The shop opens at 9 a.m.
This book is worth reading. Be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
不用被动语态的情况之二
系动词不用被动语态
感官动词：feel, sound, taste, smell, look, touch
be动词和seem
表状态的动词：keep, stay, turn, grow, go, become, get
不用被动语态的情况之三
固定短语
happen,
last,
take place,
break out,
come out(出版，发表),
come true,
run out,
give out（分发，公布，用完）
如： The accident took place/happened this morning.
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
答案： B D D D C
练一练
( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( ) 6 His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
答案： B C B B C A
非谓语动词的被动语态
动词不定式
v. + to be done
I want to be praised by teachers.
Everyone does not hope to be laughed at.
done充当句子成分
作主语 Being done
Being laughed at makes me unhappy.
作宾语 being done/ to be done
Every child looks forward to being praised by parents.
作定语 done
The boy called Tom is my best friend.
The book bought by him interests me.
作宾补 vt. + sb. / sth. + done
Speak aloud to make yourself understood by others.
Done与doing的区别就是主动和被动的区别
三个特殊的词
need
require
Want
My computer is broken, and it needs repairing.
= needs to be repaired
The trees want watering. = want to be watered
接doing sth.表示被动
一个重要问题
动词不定式作宾语补足语不加to的动词
一感feel
二听listen to, hear
三让make , let, have
四看see, watch, look at, notice
半帮助help
He often makes us laugh.
We are often made to laugh.
We saw them enter the classroom.
They were seen to enter the classroom.
主动语态不加to
被动语态要加to
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