(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Job Trends
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课时跟踪检测3
Unit 14 Careers
新课导学自主探究板块
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
step 1
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
step
2
step 3
step 4
(1)What's your ideal job What do you think is the most
useful thing in one's job
答案：Being a designer is my ideal job. I think
communication skills is the most useful thing in one's job.
(2)What do they do Fill in the blanks according to the
following pictures
True (T) or False (F)．
(1) Toffler's prediction has come true. (T)
(2) There is nothing we can do to keep up with the
demand for change. (F)
(3) The idea of “job for life” is still fashionable. (F)
(4) People will work for small, dynamic companies as well
as big companies. (T)
(5) People prefer to work from home rather than go to
office. (T)
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
（1）According to the passage, to fit the changing world,
we must be ________.
A．successful B．flexible
C．skillful D．changeable
（2）What does the sentence “For them, the future will arrive
too soon.” mean in the first paragraph
A．Time goes fast.
B．The future arrives suddenly.
C．People in the world find it's hard to keep up with
the demand for change.
D．The future will change too rapidly to predict.
（3）What will you do facing the greatly changed future
A．Be panic.
B．Just wait and watch.
C．You need to become a genius.
D．Try your best to improve your working skills
and personal qualities.
（4）There will be many changes in job areas in the future
EXCEPT ______.
A．the number of jobs in IT will rise rapidly
B．many big companies will dismiss
C．the workplace will change a lot
D．the companies will change to be more flexible
答案：1～4 BCDB
Survival of the Fittest
Now, the speed of change is becoming (1)
fast. What should we do to keep up with it Let‘s
(2) and try to sense the good things the future offers.
increasingly
take a deep breath
The job areas will be most affected by technological change. Jobs in farming and heavy industry are decreasing while the service industry, the media are (3) .
(4) doubt, the number of jobs in IT will (5) . There are also many other important changes
(6) . The job is getting more and more (7)
In the same way, companies will change to be more (8) . Good communication skills will be (9) important. New technology is the (10) force, so don’t get left behind.
booming
Without
multiply
taking place
flexible
dynamic
Extremely
driving
A．词义配对
1．decrease A．to give a spoken or written
answer to sb./sth.
2．branch B．to use or control a machine or
make it work
3．operate C．to wish you had the same
qualities, possessions,
opportunities, etc. as sb.else
4．respond D．a local office or shop/store
belonging to a large
company or organization
5．envy E．to become or make sth.
become smaller in size,
number, etc
6．flexible F．to suddenly feel frightened
so that you cannot think
clearly and you say or do
sth.stupid, dangerous, etc ...
7．bother G．the state of being physically
relaxed and free from pain;
the state of having a pleasant
life, with everything that you
need
8．continent H．one of the large land masses
of the earth such as Europe,
Asia or Africa
9．comfort I．to interrupt sb.; to talk to
sb.when they do not want
to talk to you
10．panic J．be able to change to suit
new conditions or situations
答案：1～5 EDBAC 6～10 JIHGF
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
11．John has good , so we make him of
our games.(judgement)
12．The old couple bought a big house,
which made them live in in their old
age.(comfort)
13．It is Lincoln who abolishes and frees in
America.(slave)
judgement
judge
comfortable
comfort
slavery
slaves
1．decrease
[教材原句] Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy
industry are decreasing rapidly.
农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。
(1)vi.减少， 降低
①People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。
decrease to ... 减少到
decrease by ... 减少了
decrease from ...to ... 从…… 减少到……
②The average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
去年的平均房价下降了13%。
③The sales of this product have seven million five million.
这种产品的销售量已从七百万下降到五百万。
decreased from
to
(2)n.减少， 降低
④There has been a decrease in our imports.
我们的进口减少了。
a decrease in sth. 在某方面减少
2．operate
[教材原句] Similarly, companies will operate in
different ways.
同样， 公司也将以不同的方式运作。
(1)vt.操作；经营
①They planned to operate a football club.
他们计划经营一个足球俱乐部。
(2)vi.运转， 运作；动手术
②This machine operates night and day.
这台机器日夜运转。
operate on sb. 给某人做手术
③The patients will again.
这个病人需要再次做手术。
be operated on
operation n． 运转， 操作；手术；经营
come/go into operation 开始生效
in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
bring/put sth.into operation
使……实施；使……开始
工作
④When does the law
这个法律什么时候生效？
come into operation
3．respond vi.回复， 回答；作出反应；响应
[教材原句] Many more people will work for small,
dynamic companies which can respond quickly to
changes in the market.
许多人会供职于小型且有活力的公司， 这样的公
司能对市场变化作出快速反应。
respond to ...with ... 用……回复/回答……
respond that ... 回答……
respond (to sth.) with sth./by doing sth.
通过(做)某事对……作出反应
①She didn't respond to my question somehow.
不知怎的， 她没有回答我的问题。
②The government all future demonstrations.
政府的反应是今后禁止一切示威活动。
responded by banning
response n． 回答， 答复；反应， 响应
make (no) response to 给予(不给予)回答
in response to 作为……的回应
③The foreign ministry made no response to the question.
外交部对这一问题未作出答复。
④The law was passed public pressure.
在公众压力下该法规获得通过。
in response to
4．envy vt.& n．羡慕， 妒忌
[教材原句] According to Dr Laurence Lyons of
Future Work, women will be envied because they
have an advantage in this area.
根据劳伦斯·莱昂斯的《未来工作》一书的说法， 女
性将被人羡慕， 因为她们在这一领域占有优势。
(1)vt.羡慕， 妒忌
①She envied me my go
她羡慕我的好运气。
②I such a close family.
我羡慕你有一个亲密的家庭。
envy sb.sth ... 羡慕某人……
envy sb.doing sth. 因某事妒忌或羡慕某人
envy you having
(2)n.羡慕， 妒忌
③Her colleagues were green .
她的同事都非常妒忌(她)。
④His success is the envy of us all.
他的成功令我们所有人羡慕。
with envy
5．bother
[教材原句] English will probably remain the
international business language, so don't bother
learning Russian or Spanish.
英语可能仍然是国际商业语言， 因此不用费心学习
俄语或西班牙语。
(1)vt.打扰， 烦扰
①Will it bother you if I talk with you just a moment
如果我和你谈一会儿不会打扰你吧？
(2)vt.&vi.花费时间、精力(做某事)
bother doing/to do sth. 费心做某事
bother with/about sth. 花费时间、精力(做某事)
can't be bothered to do sth. 不想花时间、精力做某事
②You needn't the door.
你不必锁门。
③Don‘t bother running after the bus. The next one is in sight.别费劲去追赶那辆公共汽车了， 下一趟已经来了。
④I don't know why you that crowd.
我弄不懂你为什么和那伙人浪费时间。
bother to lock
bother with
点击下图进入应用落实
1． all 最重要的是
2．keep with 跟上， 赶上
3． case 以防， 万一
4．leave 遗留；把……抛在后面
5．work 解出， 制定出
6． doubt 毫无疑问
7．do sb.a 帮某人个忙
8． the last twenty years 在过去的20年里
9． one's own business 开办自己的企业
10．have an 有优势
above
up
in
behind
out
without
favor
in
start
advantage
1．keep up with跟上， 赶上；与(某人)保持联系；熟悉，
了解(消息、形势等)；继续支付；继续做
[教材原句] Between now and the 21st century, citizens
of the world's richest and most advanced nations will
find it more and more difficult to keep up with the
demand for change.
从现在开始到21世纪， 这个世界最富有和最先进的国
家的公民都会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。
①Don't walk so fast.I can't keep up
with you.
别走这么快。我跟不上你。
②He still us after he went to university.
他上大学后依然与我们保持联系。
③She likes to keep up with the latest fashions.
她喜欢赶时髦。
kept up with
catch up with 跟上， 追上
come up with (针对问题等)想出；提出
put up with 忍受， 容忍
④I'm not going to their smoking any longer.
我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
put up with
2．in case
[教材原句] Work with more than one program
in case you have to use them at work, and try to
read about new technology.
学习几种软件以备工作之需， 努力了解最新的技术。
(1)conj.以防， 万一
既可引导目的状语从句， 又可引导条件状语从句。
①In case anything important happens, please call me up.
万一发生什么重要的事情， 请给我打电话。
(2)adv.以防万一， 免得
单独用作副词， 在句中作状语。
②It may not rain, but you'd better take an umbrella
.
可能不会下雨， 但是你最好还是带上雨伞， 以防万一。
in case
in case of ... 假如发生……；万一发生……
in no case 决不， 在任何情况下都不(置于句
首， 句子要部分倒装)
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何， 总之
③Leave me a number where I can reach you
an emergency.
给我留个电话， 万一有什么紧急情况可以找到你。
④In no case should wrong ideas be allowed to spread freely.
决不能让错误思想自由泛滥。
in case of
点击下图进入应用落实
1．[句型展示] There are currently over 100,000,000
computers in the world and by 2020 there will be
.
现在世界上有1亿多台电脑， 到2020年， 这个数字将
增加十倍。
[典例背诵]
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校是我们学校的三倍大。
10 times more
2．[句型展示] “It's about making men more like
women, helping men to communicate as well.”
它并不是关于如何使男人更像女人， 而是帮助男人
也进行交流。
[典例背诵]
She drives not carefully but slowly.
她开车不是细心而是慢。
not
but
1．There are currently over 100,000,000 computers in
the world and by 2020 there will be 10 times more.
现在世界上有1亿多台电脑，到2020年，这个数字将
增加十倍。
本句中...10 times more是表达倍数的一种方法。
表示倍数的常用句式有：
(1)倍数(或分数、百分数)＋形容词比较级＋than＋被比
较的对象
①Our room is three times bigger than yours.
我们的房间是你们房间的3倍大。
(2)倍数(或分数)＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋被比较对象
②Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的面积有欧洲的4倍之大。
(3)倍数(或分数)＋the size (length/width/depth ...) of＋被
比较的对象
③The new factory is the old one.
新厂的规模是旧厂的5倍。
five times the size of
2．“It's about making men more like women,
helping men to communicate as well.”
它并不是关于如何使男人更像女人， 而是帮助男
人也进行交流。
(1)not ...but ...不是……而是……， 有两者对比的转折
意思， 用于连接两个并列的结构， 如主语、表语、
谓语、宾语等。
but
not
①The story I have read is not a comedy but a tragedy.
我读的那个故事不是个喜剧而是个悲剧。
②Our purpose is not to do it for you you to do it by yourself.
我们的目的不是替你做这事， 而是教会你自己来做。
③I didn't say anything but cried.
我没有说话而是哭了。
but to teach
(2)当not ...but ...连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词一般要与
就近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
④Not I but Tom is fond of watching television.
不是我， 而是汤姆喜欢看电视。
点击下图进入应用落实
点击下图进入课时跟踪检测(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop ＆ Culture Corner
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课时跟踪检测4
Unit 14 Careers
写作讲座求职信
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
根据首字母提示和英文释义写出单词
1． ：to put sth.in the same envelope, parcel or
package, etc.as sth.else
2． ：to recognize the difference between two
people or things
3． ：having or causing problems or difficulties
enclose
distinguish
tough
4． ：to choose sb./sth., usually carefully, from a
group of people or things
5． ：to try to reach an agreement by formal
discussion
6． ：able to change or be changed in order to
deal successfully with new situations
select
negotiate
adaptable
1．tough adj.困难的， 费力的；坚强的， 健壮的；强硬
的， 严厉的
[教材原句] This makes the job market very tough to
get into and therefore good exam grades in school alone
do not make an applicant stand out from the crowd.
这使职场非常难以进入， 因此， 光靠在学校的考试中
取得好成绩并不能使求职者鹤立鸡群。
①A mountain climber must be tough.
登山运动员必须身体健壮。
②Don't be too tough on him — he was only trying to help.
别对他过于严厉， 他只是想帮忙。
be/get tough on/with 对……严厉
③It's time to drunk drivers.
该严厉地对待那些醉酒驾车者了。
get tough with
2．distinguish vt. & vi.区分，区别，辨别；表现突出；成
为……的特征；使有别于；使出众；使著名
[教材原句] Getting on well with others and having
skills in negotiating and giving presentations will
distinguish one candidate from another and give him or
her an advantage.
与别人友好相处以及具有谈判和介绍方面的技巧将使
求职竞争者优于其他人， 并使他或她具有一定的优势。
①Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.有时候现实和幻想很难区分开来。
distinguish A from B 区分/辨别A与B；使A
有别于B
distinguish between A and B 区分/辨别A与B
distinguish oneself as 使自己作为……而出名
②Can you distinguish between red and green
你能区分红色和绿色吗？
③Speech man animals.
语言使人类区别于动物。
④She a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。
distinguishes
from
distinguished herself as
点击下图进入应用落实
1．apply 申请， 请求
2．stand 显眼， 突出
3．regardless 不管， 不顾
4．distinguish ... ... 把……和……区别开
5． addition 此外
6．due 由于
7．get (sth.) (to sb.) 使(某事)为(某人)理解
for
out
of
from
in
to
across
1．due to由于
[教材原句] I think I would be a good journalist
due to my language skills.
我想我的语言技能会使我成为一个好记者。
①The air crash was due to the pilot's carelessness.
这次空难是由于飞行员的疏忽造成的。
[点津] due to表原因时， 常在句中用作表语，
但不常位于句首。
②Rose is due school in January.
罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
③Have they been paid the money that is due to them
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
to start
be due to do/for sth.预期/预计发生某事
be due to 应支付；应给予；应归于
2．in addition另外， 此外
[教材原句] In addition, I am also a good photographer,
which might be useful for some of the articles.
此外， 我也是一名好摄影师， 这也许对写一些文章有用。
①In addition, there are some grammatical mistakes in
your composition.
除此之外， 你的作文中还有一些语法错误。
②I was paid 1,000 yuan for the work in addition.
我干的这活又另外多给1 000元。
in addition to除……以外， 相当于besides/apart from，其后接名词或动名词。
③He's good tempered, being kind and honest.
除善良、诚实之外， 他脾气也好。
in addition to
点击下图进入应用落实
1．[句型展示] I would also like to learn more about
things that are going on in the city I feel that it is
important to know about the city we live in.
我也想更多地了解这个城市发生的事情， 因为我觉得
了解我们居住的城市很重要。
[典例背诵]
People can't afford to buy houses as the price is too
high.
人们买不起房子因为房价太高。
as
2．[句型展示] Today, five years in a job is a long time and some people even change jobs .
今天， 在一个工作中做五年是很长的时间， 有些人甚
至每两年就换个工作。
[典例背诵]
Olympic Games are held every four years.
奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次。
every two years
1．I would also like to learn more about things that are
going on in the city I feel that it is important to know
about the city we live in.
我也想更多地了解这个城市发生的事情， 因为我觉得
了解我们居住的城市很重要。
1)此句是as引导的原因状语从句。
①As you weren't there, I left a message.
因为你不在， 我留了个便条。
as
2)as用作连词时， 还可引导下列状语从句：
(1)引导时间状语从句， 强调主句谓语动词与从句谓
语动词的同时性。
(2)引导让步状语从句， “尽管”， “虽然”， “即使”
(用倒装)。
(3)引导方式状语从句， “以……方式”。
(4)引导比较状语从句。
②As I was riding a bike, I noticed an eagle flying after me.
我骑自行车的时候发现一只鹰跟在我后面飞。
③Tired as they were, the students went on practising.
尽管已经很疲乏， 学生们仍继续练习。
④We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
在警察到来以前，我们最好让现场保持原样。
⑤The work was not so easy as you imagined.
这工作不像你想象的那么简单。
2．Today, five years in a job is a long time and some people
even change jobs .
今天， 在一个工作中做五年是很长的时间， 有些人甚
至每两年就换个工作。
该句中的every是一个形容词， 表示时间或距离上的间
隔， 意为“每……， 每隔……”
every two years
①He takes the medicine every eight hours.
他每八小时服一次药。
②They went to Hainan every fourth month.
他们每隔三个月去一次海南。
表示“每……， 每隔……”， 其具体表达法是
(1)every＋ ＋可数名词的
(2)every＋ ＋可数名词
基数词
复数形式
序数词
单数形式
点击下图进入应用落实
李明从广告上得知某公词需要一名秘书，写信应聘。以下是李明的简历。
年龄20岁，即将从职业学校毕业。专业：经济管理(business management)。学英语8年， 会计算机。在过去三年中一直是本校学生报编辑之一， 学习成绩在班上优秀。主要是本人喜欢办公室工作， 相信能胜任秘书工作。如果能得到这个机会将十分感谢。
请以李明的名义向公司写信应聘。
参考词汇：职业学校： vocational school 专业： major
How do you do？①Through the ad, I know you need a secretary.②I would like to have this job.③Now let me introduce myself to you.
④My name is Li Ming.⑤I am twenty and will soon graduate from a vocational school.⑥My major is business management.⑦I have been learning English for 8 years and I have computer experience.⑧I have been one of the editors for the student newspaper in our school
for the past three years.⑨My grades remain upper level in my class.⑩The most important thing is that I like office work very much. I am sure I can do it well. I will appreciate it very much if you would give me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming,
第一段用一句话说明消息来源；
第二段写明申请的原因， 介绍个人情况(或优势)；
第三段企盼回复。
(1)文中运用了一系列高级词汇：如③句中的
introduce ...to ...；⑤句中的graduate from。
(2)另外文章还使用了一些句式结构：如②句中的would like to do；⑦句中的现在完成进行时；⑩句中的表语从句； 句中的I will appreciate it if ...。
如何写求职信
求职信属于应用文的范畴， 写作时， 重点应放在对自己各方面能力的描述上， 要突出自己的优势和特长， 以增加自身的竞争力。
写求职信的原则应是严肃、认真的。具体应注意以下几点：
1．简洁、明了。求职信要突出求职的主题， 开场应直截了当。介绍个人情况时除年龄、学历、所学专业、工作经历及特长等必须说明以外， 尽可能不要写与求职无关的事情。
2．求实、自信。写求职信时应如实地介绍自己的情况， 实话实说。不要夸夸其谈， 过分渲染自己。当然， 故作谦卑也是不可取的， 应充满自信。
3．工整、美观。英语中有句谚语：Dress makes the man.(佛要金装， 人要衣装。)因此， 求职信的“外表”也很重要。一封书写工整、字迹美观的求职信无疑会给人留下美好的印象。
4．求职信属正式文体， 在语言的运用上应尽可能避免使用口头语。
1．I wish to apply for the job you are offering in ...
2．Learning from ...that you are looking for ...，I should
like to apply for the post.
3．I'm writing in the hope that you will be able to offer
me a summer job.
4．I graduated from ...in 2003.
5．I am majoring in .../My major is ...
6．I am experienced in driving cars.
7．I'm twenty three and have had two years' experience
in my present post as a ...
8．I shall be glad to call for an interview at any time.
9．I hope to have the pleasure of an interview.
10．I look forward to your call at 66182347./I would
appreciate your call at 66182347.
点击下图进入课时检测
点击下图进入课时跟踪检测(共91张PPT)
Section ⅡInterviews ＆ Nine to Five
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课时跟踪检测2
Unit 14 Careers
新课导学自主探究板块
语法讲座间接引语(Ⅱ)
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
step 1
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
step
2
step 3
知识必备
专题练习
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
(1)What is not the characteristic that made Wang Junyan
a success
A．Curiosity. B．Perseverance.
C．A commitment to truth. D．Good luck.
解析：细节判断题。从课文第一段最后一句可以判断。
答案：D
(2)What kind of person is Wang Junyan's mother
A．She is an emotional woman.
B．She was curious about nature and had a strong
character.
C．She was always complaining about life.
D．She forbad her daughter to play outside.
解析：细节判断题。从第二段Wang Junyan对母亲
的介绍中可以看出。
答案：B
(3)Which is the FALSE statement about Wang Junyan's job
A．She became a TV presenter as soon as she graduated.
B．She once won an award for a report.
C．At first，she worked in a local newspaper.
D．She found being a reporter interesting and challenging.
解析：细节判断题。从第三段第一句话可以判断A项是不
对的。
答案：A
(4)Why did Wang Junyan choose to be a journalist
Because________.
A．it can make her famous quickly
B．her mother asked her to do so
C．she can make a lot of money to help her mother
D．she felt it is important to report news and to
reveal the truth
解析：细节判断题。从第三段第二句话可以判断。
答案：D
(5)The whole passage mainly tells us________.
A．Wang Junyan is a great woman
B．how Wang Junyan became a journalist
C．why Wang Junyan chose to be a journalist
D．how Wang Junyan achieved success
解析：概括判断题。整篇阐述的是主人公Wang Junyan
的成功。
答案：D
Read the text carefully and number these events in the order that they happened.
________ As a child, Wang Junyan never dreamed of
becoming a famous person on TV.
________ She studied at Fudan University.
________ She was asked to inspect an illegal business and
report it.
________ She won an award for the report.
________ She became a reporter for a local newspaper.
________ Her mother had taught her a lot.
答案：(1) (3) (5) (6) (4) (2)
The Road to Success
Wang Junyan is the (1) for Universe TV's news programs.She said it is curiosity, perseverance, and a commitment to truth that made her success today.
As a child, she never dreamed of being a famous
(2) on TV.Her mother taught her to be curious and (3) her (4) and (5) by her attitude towards life and truth.
presenter
person
influenced
thoughts
actions
After (6) , Wang Junyan became a reporter for a (7) newspaper.The reason why she chose to be a (8) is that she thought it is important to report news and to (9) the truth.She once was asked to (10) an illegal business，and her report helped people who had been affected.Her perseverance (11) off because she won an
graduation
local
journalist
grasp
inspect
paid
(12) for the report.When asked what she liked most about being a reporter, she said she found it interesting and (13) .She added that she was (14) challenged to learn more and to be curious as a journalist.“I still feel like I‘m turning over stones to see what might be hiding (15) .”
award
challenging
constantly
beneath
A．根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
1． n． 托儿所， 保育室
2． n. 童年， 儿童时代
3． n. 打字机
4． n. 片刻， 瞬息
5． n. 战斗， 战役
6． adj. 民间的， 国民的， 国内的
7． n. 智慧
nursery
childhood
typewriter
instant
battle
civil
wisdom
8． n. 习语， 成语
9． vt. 仔细检查
10． adv. 在底下
11． vi. 弯腰， 倾身
12． n. 舞台；阶段，时期
13． vt. & vi. 旋转， 转动
idiom
inspect
beneath
bend
stage
twist
B．根据首字母提示和英文释义写出单词
14． ：having a low rank in an organization or a
profession
15． ：the whole of space and everything in it
16． ：all human beings thought about as one
large group; the human race
17． ：to succeed in dealing with or controlling a
problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth.
junior
universe
mankind
overcome
18． ：to understand pletely
19． ：to be completely loyal to one person,
organization, etc.or give all your time and effort to
your work, an activity, etc.
20． ：fame, praise or honour that is given to
sb.because they have achieved sth.important
21． ：to be slow to speak or act because you
feel uncertain or nervous
grasp
commit
glory
hesitate
C．用所给词的适当形式填空
22．Mr Smith has been as principal of the key
university and the will be announced at
the next meeting.(appointment)
23． by green hills and blue waters, the little
village has pleasant . So you can see
many rare birds in the areas.(surrounding)
appointed
appointment
Surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
24．We had rain for 3 days; it rains
here at this time of the year.(constant)
25．Does life on Mars, and how did they come into
？(exist)
26．It's to drive after drinking, and we all should
drive as drivers.(illegal)
existence
constant
constantly
exist
illegal
legal
1．appointment
[教材原句] I turned up for the appointment five
minutes late ...
我约会迟到了5分钟……
(1)n.约见， 约会
①Phone his secretary and make an appointment.
打电话给他的秘书约定时间。
②It looks as if I won't be able to keep the appointment we made.
看来我不能如期赴约了。
③The Director sees students only.
系主任只按约定的时间见学生。
by appointment
(2)n.任命， 委任；职位
appointment as/to ... 任命为……
④His appointment as head of department has caused a lot of friction.
任命他为部门经理引起了很大的矛盾。
2．surrounding adj.附近的， 周围的
[教材原句] The town has many surrounding farms.
这个镇周围有许多农场。
①I visited Beijing and the surrounding countryside in
a few months.
我用了几个月的时间考察了北京及其周边郊区。
③The patients will again.
这个病人需要再次做手术。
be operated on
surroundings n． 环境；周围的事物
surround vt. 环绕， 围绕；(使)包围
surround ...with ... 环绕/包围……
be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕
②It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.
我花了几个周的时间才适应了新环境。
③Taiwan the sea.
台湾四面环海。
is surrounded with/by
surroundings, environment
surroundings 专指自然环境， 从周围的事物这一客体着眼
environment 可指自然环境， 也可指精神环境， 均从环境给人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。所以我们说， 美丽的surroundings，幸福的environment
[自填助记] 用surroundings或environment填空
The child grew up in a beautiful but not in a happy home .
这个孩子是在美丽的自然环境中长大的， 但却缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。
surroundings
environment
3．overcome vt.战胜， 克服
[教材原句] Although there were lots of difficulties
to overcome, she never let her problems defeat her.
尽管生活中有许多困难要克服， 但她从未被困难击倒。
①In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
②He struggled to overcome his shyness.
他努力克服羞怯。
4．grasp
[教材原句] She said she chose to be a journalist
because it is important that people grasp what is
going on around them.
她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是
很重要的。
(1)vt.理解， 领会；抓牢， 抓紧
①He grasped her firmly by the arm.
他紧紧地抓住她的胳膊。
grasp that/wh 从句 理解……
grasp a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物
②I to work abroad.
我毫不犹豫地抓住了去国外工作的机会。
grasped the opportunity
(2)n.抓，紧握；理解(力), 领会
③He held my hand in a friendly grasp.
他友好地握着我的手。
have a grasp of sth. 理解某事
beyond one's grasp 超出某人的理解能力
④How come you have such a good grasp of English
你的英语是怎么掌握得这么好的？
5．commit
(1)vt.投入；花(时间或金钱等)
commit ...to ... 投入
committed adj. 效忠的， 忠于……的
be committed to (doing) sth.
献身于/致力于某事
①They called on western countries to commit more money to the poorest countries.
他们呼吁西方国家给最贫穷的国家投入更多的资金。
② the cause of world peace.
他献身于谋求世界和平的事业。
He was committed to
(2)vt.犯(错误、罪行等)
commit a mistake/crime 犯错误/罪行
commit suicide 自杀
③Whoever will be punished by law.
任何人犯了罪都要受到法律的制裁。
commits a crime
(3)vt.保证；答应， 承诺
④We can't commit ourselves to any concrete proposals.
我们不能允诺提供什么具体的建议。
commit sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证做某事
点击下图进入应用落实
1．make 编造；化妆；组成；补上
2．make 假装
3．go detail(s) 讨论，细谈
4．speak 大声地说，自由而大胆地说出
5．sit 坐直
6．believe 信任，信仰
7．turn 反转
8．pay 得到好结果；取得成功
9．dream 梦到， 梦想
10． like doing sth. 想做某事
up
out
into
up
up
in
over
off
of
feel
1．make up编造；组成， 构成；把……补上；化妆；和解
[教材原句] Make up information about yourself.
组织一下你自己的信息。
①Jack made up a story to amuse his little brother.
②We rehearsed all day on Saturday，to make up for
lost time.
③Women make up 56% of the student numbers.
④Most women make up on formal occasions.
⑤They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon.
把……补上
组成， 构成
化妆
和解
编造
make up one’s mind 下决心
make up for 弥补， 补偿
make use of 利用， 使用
be made up of 由……组成
⑥She has made up her mind to work hard.
她已下定决心努力学习。
⑦Human tissue is made up of cells.
人体的组织是由细胞组成的。
2．make out
[教材原句] Make out you understand something
when you don't!
假装明白你根本不明白的事情！
(1)假装， 声称
①Let's make out that we know nothing about it.
我们就假装对那事一无所知。
②They aren't as rich as they .
他们并不像所声称的那么富有。
made out
(2)看清；听清；分清
③I could hardly make out anything in the thick fog.
在浓雾中我几乎什么也看不见。
(3)理解；明白
④It's difficult for us to his ideas.
我们很难理解他的想法。
make out
3．go into detail(s)讨论， 细谈
[教材原句] Go into a lot of detail about your personal life.
详细讲述你的个人私事。
①The mayor didn't have time so far to go into detail, but
he gave us an idea about his plan.
市长还没来得及详尽地说明， 但他向我们透露了该计划的
总体构想。
②Please tell me what happened in a few words; don't
.
请扼要告诉我发生了什么事情，不必讲得太细。
go into details
in detail 详细地
③The teacher explained the text in detail.
老师详细地解释了课文。
4．believe in信任， 信仰；相信
[教材原句] I asked her how she had achieved success
and she told me that being curious, working hard, and
believing in what was true made her the success she is
today.
当我问她是如何取得成功时， 她告诉我保持好奇心，
努力工作和相信真实的事情使她获得今天的成功。
①The manager believes in him very much.
经理很信任他。
②If I do not see the aliens with my own eyes, I will not
their existence.
如果不亲眼看见外星人， 我不会相信他们的存在。
believe in
[语境串记]
I believe him, but I don't believe in him
because he always tells lies to me.
我相信他说的话， 但我并不信任他， 因为他总对我撒谎。
5．turn over
[教材原句] ...and we would even turn over stones to
look at the little creatures there.
……我们甚至会翻过石头来看那儿的小生物。
(1)反转；翻身
①I turned the record over to see what was on the other side.
我把唱片翻过来， 看看另一面录制的是什么内容。
②She and went back to sleep.
她翻了个身， 又睡过去了。
turned over
(2)移交，送交
turn sb./sth.over to sb.将某人/某物移交给某人
③He turned the business over to his daughter.
他把生意交给女儿。
(3)认真思考，仔细考虑
④She the problem in her mind.
她仔细考虑了这个问题。
turned over
6．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清债务
[教材原句] This paid off because she won an award
for the report.
她的坚持获得了成功， 因为她的报道获奖了。
①His hard work paid off and he was admitted into
Qing Hua University after a year.
他的努力得到了回报， 一年之后， 他被清华大学录取了。
②After all these years we've at last our debts.
经过这么多年， 我们总算把所有的债务都还清了。
paid off
③He promised that he would pay back the money within two weeks.
他答应两周内还钱。
④It’s very convenient to things by credit cards.
用信用卡付款非常方便。
pay for
pay back 偿还， 还钱给(某人)；回报
pay for 付款；为……付出代价
点击下图进入应用落实
1．[句型展示] she stopped asking questions,
I got up and went out of the room.
她一停止问问题， 我就站起来， 走到房间外。
[典例背诵]
The instant I heard China's first aircraft carrier the
Varyag started its first sea trial, I jumped with joy.
一听到中国首艘航母平台“瓦良格号”开始第一次海试，
我就高兴地跳了起来。
The instant
2．[句型展示] I discovered then that I am
committed and never give up I will be able to
produce high quality reports.
那时我发现只要坚持不懈， 永不放弃我就能写出高
质量的报道来。
[典例背诵]
As long as it can protect the environment, I am
willing to live a low carbon life.
只要能保护环境， 我就愿意过低碳生活。
as long as
1． she stopped asking questions，I got up and
went out of the room.
她一停止问问题， 我就站起来， 走到房间外。
the instant ...“一……就……”是名词性短语引导时间状
语从句， 相当于as soon as。
①We recognized Zhang Ziyi the instant she entered the
room.
章子怡一进房间， 我们就把她认出来了。
The instant
②I started the moment/the minute/the instant your letter arrived.
我一收到你的信就动身了。
③I'll tell you instantly/immediately/directly I know.
我一知道就马上告诉你。
④No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他一到就又被支走了。
⑤Scarcely/Hardly had I got to the station when the train left.
我刚到火车站， 火车就开走了。
⑥名词性短语 , the instant等可引导时间状语从句， 表示“一……就……”。
⑦副词 , ,directly等也可引导时间状语从句， 表示“一……就……”。
⑧连词 , 等也可引导时间状语从句， 表示“一……就……”。
the moment , the minute
immediately
instantly
no sooner ...than
hardly/scarcely ...when
2．I discovered then that I am committed and
never give up I will be able to produce high quality
reports.
那时我发现只要坚持不懈， 永不放弃我就能写出高质
量的报道来。
as long as
(1)as long as表示“只要”，相当于so long as, 引导条件状语从句。
①As/So long as we can buy Jay Chou's new album, I'll go
with you.
只要我们能买到周杰伦的新专辑， 我就和你去。
②We will get a good result we work hard.
只要我们努力工作， 就能得到好的结果。
as/so long as
[点津] as long as还有“与……一样长”之意。
This road is as long as that one.
这条路与那条路一样长。
(2)引导条件状语从句的连词还有：on condition that,
provided/providing (that), only if, if等。
③I'll come my parents are invited, too.
在我的双亲也受邀请的条件下， 我才会来。
④We'll buy everything you produce, provided of course
the price is right.
当然了， 倘若价格合适， 我们将采购你们产品的全部。
on condition that
点击下图进入应用落实
当我们要用自己的语言转述别人的话语时， 称为间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句， 用陈述句语序。而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。
1．直接引语变成间接引语分成以下几种情况
(1)直接引语为陈述句：间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。
John said，“I like reading adventure stories.”
→John said that he liked reading adventure stories.
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句：间接引语变成if/whether引导的
宾语从句。
He asked Mary，“Do you want to go to the concert with
me？”
→He asked Mary if/whether she wanted to go to the
concert with him.
(3)直接引语是选择疑问句：间接引语变成whether ...or
...引导的宾语从句， 主句谓语动词一般用ask。
She said，“Would you like tea or coffee？”
→She asked (us) whether we would like tea or coffee.
(4)直接引语是特殊疑问句：间接引语变成该疑问句的疑
问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked “What is it all about？”
→He asked what it was all about.
2．直接引语变成间接引语时， 除语序要变成陈述句
语序外， 还有下列内容需要做出相应的变化。
(1)人称的变化。
a．“一随主”。直接引语的主语为第一人称时， 变
为间接引语时从句主语应与主句主语一致。
He said，“I like pop music.”
→He said he liked pop music.
b．“二随宾”。直接引语的主语为第二人称时， 变为间接引语时从句主语应与主句中的宾语一致。
He told me，“You should hand it in on Friday.”
→He told me that I should hand it in on Friday.
c．“三不变”。直接引语中的主语为第三人称时， 变为间接引语时从句主语可以不需要变化。
Mr.Smith said，“She is my workmate.”
→Mr.Smith said that she was his workmate.
(2)时态的变化。
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时， 直接引语变间接引
语时， 从句谓语动词的时态一般也要作相应的变化。
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时， 则从句可不变时态。
直接引语变成间接引语时的时态变化 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时→
一般过去时 He said，“I'm afraid I can't finish the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish the work.
现在进行时→过去进行时 He said，“I'm using the bike.” He said that he was using the bike.
现在完成时→过去完成时 “I have been to Sydney，” said John. John said that he had been to .
一般过去时→过去完成时 “We went water skiing.”the boys said. The boys said that they had gone water skiing.
一般将来时→过去将来时 She announced，“I'm going to write a new book soon.” She announced that she was going to write a new book soon.
含情态动词的→该情态动词的过去式 “Which chair shall I sit on？” she asked. She asked which chair she should sit on.
(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 the day before yesterday two days before
ago before
tomorrow the next/following day
next week/year the next/following week/year
地点状语 here there
动词 come/bring go/take
(4)以上是直接引语变间接引语应遵循的规则， 但应特
别注意下面几点：
①直接引语如果是客观真理、 自然现象、 名言警句
等， 变为间接引语时， 时态不变。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun
and the moon moves around the earth.
②当直接引语阐述的是一个固定的过去事实， 变为间接引语时， 时态不变。
My history teacher taught us, “The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.”
→My history teacher taught us that the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
③如果直接引语中从句的谓语动词是虚拟语气， 变为间接引语时，其时态不变。
“I insist that you give up smoking”， said the doctor.
→The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.
(5)当直接引语前面的主句的谓语动词是一般现在时， 变为
间接引语时， 其时态不变。
He says, “I have accepted her suggestion.”
→He says that he has accepted her suggestion.
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语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法讲座间接引语(Ⅰ)
课时跟踪检测1
Unit 14 Careers
Section I Warm-up ＆ Your Choice
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
识记掌握
理解拓展
应用落实
知识必备
专题练习
1．What did Yin Chengji ask higher education authorities
to do
2．According to Mo Rong, what‘s the shortcoming of most
of the curriculums in Chinese universities？Please read
the following passage to get the answer.
高校“扩招”， 在缓解民众旺盛的教育需求的同时， 也增加了毕业生的就业难度。面对这样的现状， 大学课程改革应更加注重实际与创新的结合， 以培养更多的高素质人才。
College students must be given the right skills to meet employers' demands, so they have less trouble finding a job once they graduate.
Despite 2.89 million new jobs created in China 's urban areas during the first three months this year, employment pressure for college graduates remained intense, said Yin Chengji, a spokesman for the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS)．
Yin called for higher education authorities to reform the existing college curriculum.The curriculum and teaching methods should be changed to increase college students' skills and encourage new thinking.
Mo Rong, an expert on employment issues and deputy director of the Labor Science Research Institute under the MOHRSS, said that most of the curriculums in Chinese universities put too much emphasis on theory while neglecting work related skills.
“There was a mismatch (错配) between what graduates can offer and what most Chinese employers really need，” Mo said. “I often hear employers complain about a shortage of people with the right skills. Universities in China often produce people who are good at memorizing existing facts rather than coming up with new ideas, who are good at executing (执行) orders rather than solving problems independently.”
He also offered a series of measures to help reach the goal, including more targeted and effective training and more support for graduates planning to start their own business.
A．根据首字母提示和英文释义写出单词
1． ：money received over a certain period，
especially as payment for work or as interest on
investment
2． ：something that you get because you have
done something good or helpful or have worked hard
3． ：to ask an amount of money for goods or
services
income
reward
charge
8． ：to go to sb.for information or advice; to look
in or at sth.to get information
9． ：map, diagram, graph or table giving clear
information，especially about sth.that changes over a
period of time
10． ：an angry argument or disagreement
consult
chart
quarrel
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
11．All our activities will take place under the of
an experienced , who will us through the
forests.(guidance)
12．My father is a who has studied for
30 years.(chemist)
13．In his , he just used three words to
Jenny's character.(summary)
guidance
guide
chemist
chemistry
summary
summarize
guide
1．reward
[教材原句] The old lady is offering a reward of
$50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
老妇人拿50美元给为她找到猫的人！
(1)n.奖赏， 报酬；回报
give/offer a reward for (doing)sth.
为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for) 作为(对……的)报答/奖赏
①A reward was offered for the return of the jewels.
为找回珠宝而悬赏。
②She got nothing her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点报偿。
in reward for
(2)vt.报答；酬劳；奖赏
③They him saving the child.
他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。
④She started singing to the baby and was rewarded
with a smile.
她开始唱歌， 孩子则报以微笑。
reward sb.for (doing) sth.
因为(做了)某事而回报某人
reward sb.with sth. 奖赏某人某物
rewarded
for
reward, award
reward 名词 指赏金、酬金或一些非金钱的报酬， 多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答
动词 表示“报答， 酬谢”
award 名词 指奖品、奖金， 其义与prize近似。指一种官方的奖励行为， 往往指对在工作中取得成就或完成所提出要求的人而进行的一种奖励， 强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。还可指某种奖
动词 表示“(正式地或官方地)授予， 给予；(法庭)判给”
[自填助记] 用reward或award的适当形式填空
①He received a medal as a for his courage.
②He won the for the best student of the year.
reward
award
2．charge
[教材原句] Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors.
律师比医生收费高。
(1)vt.收费， 要价；控告；指控
charge sb.money for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而收
某人钱
be charged with 被指控犯……罪
charge sb.with ... 指控某人犯……罪
①Does the bank charge a fee for opening an account
在这家银行开设账户要收费吗？
②Man Wenjun drug taking.
满文军被指控犯有吸毒罪。
was charged with
(2)n.费用， 价钱；控告；负责
free of charge 免费的
in charge of 负责；掌管
take charge of 负责；掌管，接管，控制
in the charge of 被……掌管
③Your order will be delivered .
您的订单将免费派送。
④The patients are in the charge of the nurse.
这个护士负责照顾病人。
⑤Tom will the company during the boss' absence.
老板不在期间由汤姆负责管理公司。
free of charge
take charge of
3．aid
[教材原句] You are working for an institute that
gives aid to the poor in a small village.
你在一家给小村子里的穷人提供帮助的机构工作。
(1)n.援助， 帮助
①China was one of the first countries to react to calls for
international aid.
中国是最早对国际社会援助需求作出回应的国家之一。
with the aid of ...(＝ with the help of ...)
借助于……
in aid of ... 为了帮助……
come/go to sb.’s aid 前来(去)援助某人
②The students are collecting money in aid of charity.
学生们正在为资助慈善事业募捐。
③It breaks my heart to see you like this, but I cannot
.
看到你这样， 我心都要碎了， 但是我没法帮忙。
come to your aid
④They were accused of him his escape.
他们被指控帮助他逃跑。
⑤We should do our best to aid the disabled to live a better life.
我们应尽最大努力帮助残疾人过更好的生活。
aiding
in
4．consult vt.& vi.请教， 查阅；(与人)商量
[教材原句] He should consult Mr Jensen about the
new account on the 24th.
24日的新账目他应该请教延森先生。
①He consulted the manual before repairing the machine.
修理机器前,他查阅了使用说明书。
②Have you consulted a doctor about your disease
关于你的病， 你咨询过医生了吗？
③I'm going to consult with my best friend on/about the matter.
这件事我要与我最好的朋友商量。
④ . 请教/咨询某人某事
⑤consult with sb.on/about sth.
就某事与某人商量
consult sb.about sth
consult 表示“请教”时， 后跟人作宾语；表示“查阅”时， 后跟字典等工具书或参考书作宾语
look up 表示“(在字典中)查阅”， 后跟a word等需要查找的内容作宾语
consult, look up
[自填助记] 用consult或look up的适当形式填空
①I have a number of law books in the British Museums.
②You should the right pronunciation of this word in the dictionary.
consulted
look up
5．quarrel vi.& n．争吵， 吵架
[教材原句] don't quarrel with anyone
不要和任何人争吵
①We're not going to quarrel about a few dollars.
我们不想为了几个美元而吵架。
②They each other money.
她们两个因为钱争吵起来了。
quarreled with
about/over
[点津] quarrel的过去式、过去分词、现在分词可以双写“l”也可不双写“l”， 即quarrel—quarrel(l)ed—quarrel(l)ed—quarrel(l)ing。
③They had a quarrel with each other about/over trifles.
他们两个因鸡毛蒜皮的小事而争吵。
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1．be rude 对……(很)无礼
2．have (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
3．make 确信
4． an example 树立榜样
5．take charge 对……负责；接管，控制
6．keep 保持镇静
to
problems
sure
set
of
calm
7．send ... 将……寄出；发出
8．run 跑着穿过；偶然遇到或看到
9．so 迄今为止
10．rather 与其……倒不如，不是……而是
11． time (in) doing sth. 花(多少)时间做某事
12． the guidance of 在……指导下
off
across
far
than
spend
under
1．have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
[教材原句] A friend is having problems writing a plot
summary for a book report.
一位朋友正苦恼于怎样为一篇有关书的报道写一个情节
摘要。
①I have problems solving their quarrel.
我难于解决他们之间的争吵。
②I (in) making out his handwriting.
我辨认他的字迹有些困难。
③She has trouble with spoken language.
她在口语方面有困难。
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing/with sth.
做某事有困难
have some difficulty/trouble
2．set an example树立榜样
[教材原句] Choose one of the hardest jobs for yourself
to set an example.
为自己选一项最艰苦的工作来树立个榜样。
①Lei Feng set a good example to us.
雷锋给我们树立了好榜样。
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样
for example 例如
take sth.as an example 以某物为例
take ...for example 以……为例
give an example 举例
②I suggest you and start doing regular exercise.
我建议你效仿杰克， 经常锻炼身体。
③A lot of students here are from America, for example, Tom and his sister.
这里有许多学生是美国人， 例如汤姆和他的妹妹。
follow Jacr's example
3．run across偶然遇到或看到；跑着穿过
[教材原句] You are on a school trip and the coach
has an accident when a deer runs across the road.
你在参加一次学校组织的旅游的， 有一头鹿跑着穿过
一条公路时， 长途公共汽车出了事故。
①I ran across the famous movie star Wang Baoqiang
yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇到了著名电影明星王宝强。
run after 追逐，追求
run out of 用光/用完……
run away 逃跑， 跑掉
run into 撞上， 偶然遇见
run out 用完；耗尽
②Her dog was running after a rabbit.
她的狗在追赶一只兔子。
③Time for the trapped miners.
被困矿工的时间不多了。
is running out
4．rather than与其……倒不如；而不是；宁愿……而
不愿……
[教材原句] listen rather than speak — learn as
much as possible about your job and the company
与其多说不如聆听——尽可能多地了解你的工作和
公司的情况
(1)rather than用于连接平行结构， 可用于连接两个形容词、
名词、代词、状语、动词不定式、动词 ing形式。
①The project will take months rather than weeks.
完成这项工程需要几个月， 而不是几周。
②I prefer to go in summer in winter.
我宁愿夏天去， 不愿冬天去。
rather than
(2)rather than构成的常见句型如下：
③Tom prefers to get up early rather than
without breakfast.
汤姆宁愿早起床， 不愿不吃早饭去上学。
④I would walk there rather than take a taxi.
我宁愿步行去那里也不愿打车去。
go to school
(3)rather than连接句子主语及其附属成份时， 谓语动词
应与rather than前面的部分在人称和数上保持一致。
⑤I think Tom, rather than you, to blame.
我认为该受责备的是汤姆， 而不是你。
is
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1．[句型展示] Make sure they know .
确保他们知道做什么。
[典例背诵]
I haven't decided whether to accept the invitation or not.
我还没决定是否接受邀请。
what to do
2．[句型展示] at all times
让你的桌子始终保持整洁
[典例背诵]
We should keep our country united.
我们应该使国家保持统一。
keep your desk tidy
1．Make sure they know .
确保他们知道做什么。
此句使用了“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构， 在此结构中
疑问词的选择可依据疑问词在句中充当的成分而定，
如疑问代词what, who, whom, which, whose等一般充
当句子的主语、宾语或定语；疑问副词when, where,
how等一般充当句子的状语。“疑问词＋不定式”结构
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语成分。
what to do
①When to leave hasn't been decided yet.(作主语)
何时动身尚未决定。
②We must know next.(作宾语)
我们必须知道下一步该做什么。
③My question is the answer.(作表语)
我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
④She had no idea which book to read first.(作同位语)
她不知道先读哪本书。
what to do
where to find
[点津] 在“what＋动词不定式”结构中， 动词不定式中的动词为及物动词， 与疑问词what有动宾关系， 但动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
2． at all times
让你的桌子始终保持整洁
此处使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构， keep意为“
使……保持某种状态”。keep复合结构的具体形式有：
keep your desk tidy
①We try to keep the major roads open right through winter.
我们设法使主要道路整个冬天畅通无阻。
②He always keeps his books .
他总是把书放得整整齐齐。
in good order
[点津] 在“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构中， 现在分词和过去分词都可做宾补， 二者区别的实质在于宾语和宾补之间是主动还是被动关系。
③Don't keep the machine running all the time.
不要让机器一直运转。
④They keep their eyes .
他们闭着眼睛。
closed
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转述他人的请求与命令
当我们要转述别人的请求或命令时， 我们通常用“ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.”结构。若要转述别人否定的请求或命令， 则用“ask/tell/order sb.not to do sth.”结构。
在这种情况下， 被转述之前的直接引语通常是祈使句或一般疑问句(表示请求)。
一般地， 直接引语表示请求的语气时， 间接引语用ask；直接引语表示命令的语气时， 间接引语用tell/order。
“Please sit down.” she said to us.
→She asked us to sit down.
“Don't enter my room，” he said.
→He told me not to enter his room.
[助记] 祈使句由直接引语变间接引语时的口诀：
去掉引号要加to，ask，order须记住；
直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
[点津] 根据实际情况，在转述直接引语中的请求或命令时，间接引语中我们还可用advise, suggest, remind等。
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