(共50张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Jection to the Antarctic
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 8 Adventure
Step
2
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
Step
1
Scan the text and choose the best answers.
(1)Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain
Scott
A．Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
B．Captain Scott started on 1 June 1910 and marched
non stop till 17 January, 1912.
C．On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the
way with them.
D．The whole team died from hunger.
(2)Which of the following can NOT be the cause of the failure
of the race for Captain Scott
A．They had to push the sledge themselves.
B．A storm broke out at a wrong time.
C．They spent time writing home instead of struggling.
D．The horses began to have serious difficulties with the
snow and the cold.
(3)The story mainly tells us ________.
A．an experience of the race to the Pole
B．the lesson from Captain Scott
C．the way to the South Pole can be too hard
D．enough food will ensure us to go to and come back
from the Pole
答案：(1)C (2)C (3)A
A．Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1)Who was the first to start the journey to the Antarctic，
Captain Scott or Roald Amundsen And who was the
first to leave
Captain Scott was the first to start; Roald Amundsen was the first to leave.
(2)What were the difficulties Captain Scott's team
encountered (遭遇)
(3)Why did Captain Scott's team lose the goal of their
ambition
His two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
Because Amundsen had arrived at the Pole before them.
(4)What was the weather like on their return journey
(5)What made Captain Scott and his men into heroes
It was terrible.
The extraordinary courage shown during the journey.
B．Read the text again and finish the table.
A．词汇拓展
1． n．准备，预备→ v．准备，筹备
2． adj.没有希望的→ v．&n.希望，期望
→ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的
3． adj.愉快的，高兴的→ adv.高兴地
v．&n.欢呼，喝彩
4． adj.远处的，久远的→ n．距离；远
处，远方
preparation
prepare
hopeful
hope
hopeless
cheerful
cheerfully
cheer
distant
distance
5． n．悲哀，忧伤→ adj.难过的，悲伤的
→ adv.伤心地
6． n．目标，目的→ adj.无目标的，无目的的
→ adv.无目标地
7． n．耐心，忍耐力→ adj.忍耐的n.病人
8． n．国家→ n．国籍→
adj.国家的
sadness
sad
nation
aim
sadly
patience
patient
aimless
aimlessly
nationality
national
B．词义配对
9．function a．something that you want to do very
much, usually something that is
difficult to achieve
10．ambition b．something that you hope to achieve
11．goal c．to work or operate in the correct or
normal way
12．shock d．inside a certain area and not beyond it
13．within e．if something bad and unexpected shocks
someone, they are very surprised or
upset by it
答案：9.c 10.a 11.b 12.e 13.d
1.preparation n．准备，预备
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910～1911，both
teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys
the next year.
在1910年到1911年的极地夏天，两队人马都在为来年的探险
做食物储备。
(鲜活例句)Preparation for the party started early.
聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
in preparation for 准备……
make preparations for 为……作准备
be in preparation 在准备中
①They've sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国。
②Mrs. White is busy her
daughter's wedding.
怀特夫人正忙着为她女儿的婚礼作准备。
③Plans for the new school are now .
针对新学校的计划正在准备中。
2.shock
(教材原句)They were shocked when they saw the
Norwegian flag.
当他们看到挪威国旗时，感到非常震惊。
making preparations for
in preparation
(1)vt.震惊，惊骇
be shocked by / at 被……震惊
It shocks sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人震惊
①We were all shocked at the news of his sudden death.
听到他突然去世的消息，我们都感到震惊。
②It shocked me how they treated the miners.
看到他们这样对待矿工，我感到震惊。
to see
(2)vt.(通常用被动)使受电击
③He got shocked when he touched the wire.
他触到电线时遭到了电击。
(3)n.[C，U]激动，震惊，惊愕，令人震惊的事
④His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。
shocked adj.惊愕的，(感到)震惊的
shocking adj.可怕的；令人震惊的；令人气愤的；非常糟糕的
3.within prep.在……里面，在……内部，不超过……(时间
或范围)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Scott and two of his team members carried on
and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特和两名队友继续前行，到达距离食品储存处不足
11英里的地方。
(鲜活例句)You should receive a reply within seven days.
你会在七天之内收到答复。
(鲜活例句)There is a bell within the patient's reach.
在病人伸手可及的地方有个电铃。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 within, in
within 表示“在……里面，在……内部”，可指空间范围，也可指时间范围
in 意为“在……以后，在……以内”，以现在为起点，谈论将来的情况，常与将来时连用
用within或in填空
①We'll have dinner a few minutes.
②This disease seems only to occur a very narrow age
band.
4.aim
(1)n. 目标，目的
①He had only one aim at that time — go out of the mountain.
他当时就一个目标——走出大山。
②The main aim of the course is to improve your writing.
这门课程的主要目的是提高你们的写作能力。
in
within
(2)vt.& vi.瞄准，对准；目的在于
aim sth.at sth. / sb. 瞄准某人/某物
aim at / for sth. 瞄准(对准)某物；(向某方向)努力，力争
aim to do sth. 打算做某事
be aimed at 旨在，目的是
③The hunter aimed at the deer and fired, but missed it.
猎人瞄准那只鹿并开火，但未打中。
④When he was a child, he a doctor.
他小时候立志当个医生。
aimed to be
1． one's way 在途中
2．make 取得进步
3．break 损坏，不能运转
4．run out 用完，耗尽
5．have difficulty (in) sth. 做某事有困难
6．carry 继续做某事
progress
down
on
of
doing
on
1.on one's way在途中
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)On his way, he received a message from the
Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen：“I'm going
South.”
在途中他收到了一封来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的信：
“我正向南极进发。”
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
on one's / the way to ... 在去……的路上；在接近
(某状态)；趋于……
①We will pass by many small towns on our way to London.
前往伦敦的路上我们将会经过许多小镇。
② success, you must keep your direction.
在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。
[点津] on one's way to中的介词to，后跟副词时应省略。如：on one's way home在某人回家的路上。
On your way to
③I put her downstairs so that she shouldn't be .
我让她住在楼下免得碍事。
④They are planning to travel to France by way of London.
他们计划经过伦敦去法国。
in the way 挡道
in no way 决不
by way of 经由
by the way 顺便说一下
in a / one way 在某种程度上
in the way
2.break down损坏，不能运转；失败；垮掉；分解
(教材原句)First his two sledges broke down, and then the
horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and
the cold.
先是他的两个雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒
的天气。
观察下列各句，写出break down在句中的含义。
①Our car broke down on our way to the park.
②If you continue to drink so much, you will break down sooner or later.
③I left London when my marriage broke down.
④Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the stomach.
损坏，不能运转
垮掉
失败
分解
3.run out of用完，耗尽
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)The men were soon exhausted and were running
out of food.
队员们很快就筋疲力尽了，而且食物也快吃完了。
(鲜活例句)It's terrible that the aircraft will run out of fuel
in another hour.
真糟糕，飞机再过一小时燃料就要用完了。
(鲜活例句)We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
我们的煤用完了，所以不得不烧柴。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 run out of, run out
run out of 是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人
run out 是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词
用run out of或run out填空
①You'd better go home before your money .
②We are time.Hurry up!
runs out
running out of
4.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)The next to go was Captain Oates, who was
having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是欧茨上校，他行走艰难。
(鲜活例句)I know what I want to say but I have difficulty
in putting it across.
我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以表达清楚。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
have little difficulty (in) doing sth./ with sth.
在做某事方面没有困难
have a great deal of / great / much difficulty in doing sth./ with sth.
在做某事方面有很大/很多困难
have problems (in) doing sth.
在做某事方面有困难
have some trouble (in) doing sth.
在做某事方面有困难/麻烦
①Whenever we have difficult with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
无论何时我们学习上有困难，老师都会耐心帮助我们。
②Though I've learnt English for several years, I
(in) communicating with foreigners.
尽管我已学习了几年英语了，我与外国人交流还有些困难。
have some
trouble
5.carry on 继续做某事
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)We must try to carry on as if nothing had
happened.
我们必须尽力继续下去，只当作什么都没有发生过。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
carry on with sth. 把……继续下去，继续做某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
①Carry on with your work while I'm away.
我不在的时候，你要继续做你的工作。
②We must for the best.
我们必须继续抱最好的希望。
carry off 运走，拿走
carry away 搬走，运走
carry out 实行，执行，进行
carry through 进行到底；完成，实现；使渡过难关
③No matter what difficulty you will meet with,
your plan.
不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。
carry on hoping
carry out
[句型展示] Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。
[典例背诵]
Down jumped a monkey from the tree.
从树上跳下一只猴子。
Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。
本句是以副词then为首的倒装句，即“副词＋不及物动词＋主语”结构，需要全部倒装。全部倒装有以下几种情况：
(1)副词 now, then, thus 引导的句子里，谓语动词是 come, follow,
begin, end, be 等，且句子主语为名词时。
①Then came the final exam.
接着是期末考试。
(2)there，here 引导的句子及there / here be (exist)引导表
“存在”的句子，若主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。
②Here .
公共汽车来了。
(3)off, out, away, in, out, down, up, over, back等作状语置于
句首时，当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。其谓语
动词通常是 come, go, rush, run 等不及物动词。
comes the bus
③Away ran the children.
孩子们跑开了。
[点津] ①完全倒装结构一般只用于一般时，不用于进行时。
②主语为代词时句子不使用完全倒装。
Here it comes.
它来了。(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Sea Stories
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 7 The Sea
Step
2
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
Step
1
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)The writer is an old man. ( )
(2)The writer and his brothers were trapped in the
whirlpool. ( )
(3)The writer tried his best to tie himself to a barrel to help
him float. ( )
F
T
T
(4)The writer and his brothers caught no fish that day. ( )
(5)At last the writer escaped, but his brothers didn't. ( )
(6)Some fishermen jumped into the sea and saved the writer
and his brothers. ( )
F
T
F
A．Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
(1)What did the writer notice while he and his brother were
going round and round on the inside of the whirlpool
A．The smaller and lighter objects went down more quickly.
B．The heavier objects went down more quickly.
C．His boat went down more quickly.
D．Trees and barrels went down more quickly.
答案：B
(2)What made the writer's hair change from black to white
A．Medicine. B．Sorrow.
C．Something terrible. D．The old age.
答案：C
(3)Who did not save the writer
A．The barrel. B．The writer himself.
C．Some fishermen. D．The writer's brother.
答案：D
(4)Which one of the following is TRUE
A．The fishermen didn't recognize the writer because his
hair turned all white.
B．The writer's brother didn't die because he stayed in
the boat.
C．The writer didn't die because the fishermen told him
to tie a barrel to him.
D．The writer had his legs and arms broken in the terrible
things.
答案：A
(5)What did the writer mean by the last sentence of the passage
A．He was not sure that the readers would believe him.
B．He was sure that the readers would believe him, though
the fishermen didn't.
C．He was sure that the readers would believe half of his
story.
D．He expected the readers would believe him rather than
the fishermen.
答案：A
terror
horrible
whirlpool
calmer
whirlpool
floating
sank
escaped
picked
recognise
A．词汇拓展
1． adj.可怕的，令人厌恶的→ adv.可怕
地；令人恐惧地→ n．恐怖
2． vt.令人感到恐惧→ adj.恐惧的，惊吓
的→ adj.令人恐惧的
3． vi.幸存；生存下来→ n．幸存
→ n．幸存者，生还者
4． vi.痊愈，康复→ n．恢复，痊愈
horrible
horribly
terrified
terrifying
horror
terrify
survive
survival
survivor
recover
recovery
5． adj.不能的，不会的→ (反义词)
6． (＝ recognize)vt.辨认出→ n．认
出；承认
7． n．恐怖，恐惧→ n．恐怖分子
→ n．恐怖主义
8． n．对立的人(物)；反义词→ n．对
立，意见相反
unable
able
recognition
terror
recognise
opposite
opposition
terrorist
terrorism
B．根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
9． ：to stay or move on the surface of a liquid
without sinking
10． : to let the gas or liquid flow out or flow through
11． : to get away from a place
12． : the spiritual part of a person
13． : to make a loud high noise with your voice
float
leak
escape
soul
scream
1.terrify vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I tried to make my brother understand, but he
was terrified and stayed in the heavy boat.
我努力使哥哥明白这一点，但他那时太恐惧了，呆坐在沉
重的船里。
(鲜活例句)That sort of thing terrifies people and you'd
better not go and see it.
那样的事(或东西)会使人们感到恐怖的，你最好别去看。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
terrify sb. into (doing) sth. 恐吓某人做某事
be terrified of (doing) ... 对(做……)感到害怕
be terrified that ... 害怕……
①They terrified her into handing over the key to the safe.
他们恐吓她，使她交出了保险柜的钥匙。
②He he would fall.
他很害怕会跌倒。
was terrified that
terrified adj. 恐惧的，受惊吓的
terrifying adj. 令人惊恐的
terror n. 恐怖，恐惧；可怕的人或事物
2.escape
(教材原句)Without waiting, I dived into the sea to try and
escape.
刻不容缓，我跳入海里设法逃生。
being punished
made his escape
3.survive
(教材原句)Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover
when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and
screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”
我们的船免遭劫难，正当我努力恢复平静的时候，我哥哥
把嘴凑到我的耳边，声嘶力竭地喊出了那个令人恐惧的词：
“漩涡！”
(1)vi.幸存，生存下来
①His doctor says it's a miracle that he survived.
他的医生说他能活下来是个奇迹。
②Of the 100 people in the plane that crashed, only three
survived.
在坠毁的飞机上，100人当中只有3人幸存下来。
(2)vt.幸免于；比……活得长
③He is lucky to survive the massive earthquake in Japan.
他很幸运能够在日本大地震中幸存下来。
[点津] survive用作及物动词时，可直接跟“疾病、灾难、
事故”等名词，表示“从……中幸存下来”。
④She five years.
她比她丈夫多活了5年。
Survived her husband by
survival n． 幸存，生还
survivor n. 幸存者，残存物
4.recover
(1)vi.痊愈，恢复健康
①Doctors say she will recover quickly.
医生说她很快就会康复。
②Under the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually
his heart operation.
在护士们的精心照料下，那个男孩正从心脏手术中逐渐康复。
(2)vt.重新获得；恢复
③The police recovered the stolen jewellery with the help of
the local government.
在当地政府的帮助下，警察追回了失窃的珠宝。
④It took some hours for her to recover consciousness.
她过了几个小时才恢复知觉。
recovering from
5.recognise
(教材原句)The fishermen were my old friends, but they
were unable to recognise me.
那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们却认不出我了。
(1)vt.认识，认出，辨别出
recognise sb. / sth.by / from sth.
从……辨别出……
①I recognised him as soon as he came in the room.
他一进屋我就认出了他。
②I Mary her red hat.
我凭玛丽的红帽子认出了她。
recognised
by
(2)vt.承认；公认，认可
recognise ... as / to be ... 把……当作……，
承认……为……
recognise that ... 承认……
③People in the world Mao Zedong a great man.
世人认为毛泽东是个伟人。
④Many countries recognised the new government in Libya.
许多国家承认了利比亚的新政府。
recognise
as / to be
比较 recognise, know
recognise 指“认出(以前认识的人或物)”，是非延续性动词
know 指“认识”，是延续性动词
用recognise或know填空
⑤Pretty Goat has Big Big Wolf, but she can't
him after he dressed up.
美洋洋认得灰太狼，但灰太狼乔装打扮后，美洋洋没有认出来。
known
recognise
1． the edge of 在……的边沿；濒临……
2．make 有意义，讲得通
3．go 下去；(船等)下沉
4．pick 取，接载
5．all once 突然，忽然
6．bring a conclusion 使……结束
7． the direction of 朝着……的方向
sense
down
in
up
at
on
to
1.all at once忽然，突然；同时，一齐
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds
and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.
突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们被卷入了可怕的暴
风雨中。
(鲜活例句)We didn't know why the machine stopped all at once.
我们不知为什么机器忽然停了下来。
(鲜活例句)I can't do everything all at once — you'll have to be patient.
我不能万事一把抓呀——你得有点耐心。
[点津] all at once表示“忽然，突然”时，可与suddenly和all of a sudden互换；表示“同时，一齐”时，可与at the same time和all together。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
once in a while 偶尔，有时
once more ＝ once again 再一次，又一次
once upon a time 从前
at once 立刻，马上
①Theatre tickets are expensive so we only go to the theatre once in a while.
戏票很贵，所以我们只是偶尔去看一场戏。
② there was a beautiful princess who
lived a happy life.
从前有一位公主，她过着幸福的生活。
2.in the direction of朝着……的方向
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)With the wind and waves we were going in the
direction of the whirlpool, and nothing could save us!
风浪把我们推向漩涡，什么也救不了我们！
(鲜活例句)After a week in Dalian we sailed in the direction
of Shanghai.
在大连停泊了一个星期后，我们起锚驶向上海。
Once upon a time
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
in all directions / in every direction 朝四面八方
under the direction of 在……的指导下
from the direction of 从……的方向
①When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions / in every direction.
警察赶到后，人群便向四面八方散开了。
②It seemed to me we were getting farther and farther away
home.
看起来我们离家的方向越来越远了。
from our direction of
3.pick up
(教材原句)In the end, a boat picked me up.
最后，一艘船把我救了起来。
(1)捡起，拾起
①He picked up the wallet lying on the ground.
他拾起地上的钱夹。
(2)(车辆等)中途接人，中途带货
②The train stopped to pick up passengers.
火车停下来让乘客上车。
(3)接收(电台节目)
③My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.
我的收音机能清楚地收听BBC广播节目。
(4)偶然学会
④I some French while I paid a visit to France.
我在访问法国期间学到了一些法语。
picked up
(5)收拾，整理
⑤Children, it's time and have dinner.
孩子们，该收拾东西吃饭了。
(6)(尤指无意中)发现，得到；(去某地或做某事)得到，买到
⑥I an evening paper on the way home.
我在回家的路上买了一份晚报。
to pick up
picked up
1．[句型展示] One day, my two brothers and I were coming
back from the islands, our boat full of fish.
一天，我和我的两个兄弟正从岛上往回返，船里载满
了鱼。
[典例背诵]
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，我们打算明天去看你。
2．[句型展示] As you can see, I did escape.
如你所见，我的确逃脱了。
[典例背诵]
Li Na did win a gold medal in France.
李娜在法国的确获得了金牌。
1．One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the
islands, our boat full of fish.
那一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海上打鱼回来，船上载满了鱼。
our boat full of fish是独立主格结构，作伴随状语。
独立主格结构是由名词/代词＋分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介
词短语构成，名词/代词与这些词之间有主谓或动宾关系。该
结构常用逗号与句子的主干部分隔开，可以作句子的状语。
①Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
②He stood there, his eyes closed and his teeth set.
他站在那里，眼睛紧闭，牙关紧咬。
③The headmaster came into the room,
.
一群学生跟着校长进了房间。
④He hurriedly dashed out, a telegram in his hand.
他手里拿着一封电报，匆匆忙忙地跑出去了。
a group of students following him
2．As you can see, I did escape.
如你所见，我的确逃脱了。
(1)do/does/did用在动词之前，起强调作用，译为“的确，真
的”。通常用于一般过去时和一般现在时的肯定句中，也
可用于祈使句中。
①He does come from California.
他的确来自加利福尼亚。
②Do come on time next time.
下一次一定按时来。
③He in the exam yesterday.
昨天他考得很好。
(2)在一般现在时或一般过去时的句子中，do/does/did一般
不用于强调be，但在祈使句中可以。
④Do be happy!
一定要高兴！
[点津] do只能用来强调动词，不能用来强调主语、宾
语、状语等，此时应用It is/was ...that ...进行强调。
did do well(共49张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Car Culture
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 9 Wheels
Step
2
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
Step
1
Step
3
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)In Britain the number of cars in the last ten years has
increased very quickly. ( )
(2)The average global temperature 100 hundred years ago was
about 0.5 degree centigrade lower than it is today. ( )
(3)Many people refuse to use cars because they think cars are
bad for us. ( )
(4)Regular exercise can help avoid heart attack. ( )
T
T
F
T
(5)Sharing journeys with someone else by car is more
environmentally friendly and less expensive. ( )
(6)New car will make you more attractive. ( )
(7)You can always drive your new car on an empty country
road. ( )
(8)Human can do nothing about the noise, pollution and
danger of traffic. ( )
T
F
F
F
Read the text again and choose the best answers.
(1)The A10, the M11 and the M25 are ________.
A. roadworks B．roads C．traffic cones
(2)The reason for our being stressed out, tired and angry is
________
A．that we often hear those conversations
B．the real cost of the motor car
C．getting stuck in traffic jams
(3)We carry on using our cars so much because ________.
A．we are addicted to our cars
B．we know cars are bad for us
C．we want to make ourselves healthy
(4)Jenny Trowe advises me not to ________.
A. walk or cycle in a short journey
B．use my car as often as possible
C．travel in buses
(5)Which of the following best summaries the writer's
attitude to cars
A．He thinks cars have more advantages than
disadvantages.
B．He knows what he should do, but uses his car
because it is convenient.
C．He thinks it would be easy for all of us to use our
cars less.
答案：(1)B (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)B
Jenny Trowe's Advice on How to Solve Traffic Problems
A．根据所给词性和汉语意思写出下列单词
1． n． 公路
2． n. 人行道
3． n. 十字路口
4． adj. 身体的，物质的
5． n. 马达，发动机
6． n. 发动机，引擎
7． adv. 以某种方式
highway
crossroads
pavement
physical
motor
engine
somehow
8． pron. 无论哪个
9． n. 建造，建筑业→ v．构筑；
建造
10．addicted adj.沉溺于……的→ vt.使沉溺，使沉迷
B．根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
11． : to be right or good for sb./ sth.
whichever
suit
addict
construction
construct
12． : to live or work in a room, house or building
13． : a quantity of sth.
14． : a symbol rather than a word representing one
of the numbers between 0 and 9
15． : to agree, often unwillingly, that sth. is true
occupy
amount
figure
admit
1．amount n．数量
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)He owed me ￡50, but could only pay half that amount.
他欠我五十英镑，但只能还总数的一半。
(鲜活例句)English learning needs a large amount of memory work.
学习英语需要大量的记忆工作。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
＝ Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
(建)这座桥花了很多钱。
②Water exists on this planet.
这个星球上存在大量的水。
[点津] a large / good amount of和large / good amounts of都表示“许多的”，后面接不可数名词。该结构作主语时，谓语的数与amount的数保持一致，而与所修饰的名词的数无关。
in large amounts
形
象
记
忆
2．figure
(教材原句)Here are some figures.
这里有一些数据。
(1)n.数字，数目；身材；人物；图形
形象记忆
①My uncle has an income of seven figures a year.
我叔叔一年的收入有七位数。
②There is a group of figures on the left of the painting.
这幅画的左边是一组人像。
(2)vt.认为；估计；计算
③We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait.
我们认为，明智的做法是等待。
figure out 算出；弄懂；弄明白
figure on 料想；估计到(后跟动名词)
④He's trying a way to solve the problem.
他正在努力找出解决问题的方法。
⑤I hadn't getting home so late.
我没有预料到这么晚回家。
to figure out
figured on
3．admit
(1)vt.承认，供认
admit doing sth. 承认做了某事
admit that ... 承认……
①Rose admitted taking my dictionary by mistake.
罗斯承认错拿了我的词典。
②You may not like her, but you have to she is good at her work.
你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。
admit that
was admitted to /into
4．addicted adj.沉溺于……的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I'm addicted to my car.
我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。
(鲜活例句)People who often smoke are likely to be addicted to nicotine.
经常抽烟的人很可能对尼古丁上瘾。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be / become addicted to ... 对……痴迷；沉溺于……
addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾
n. (吸毒)成瘾者；有瘾的人
addict oneself to ... 沉溺于……
①Zhang Mo, the son of Zhang Guoli, is addicted to drugs, and he can't give up.
张国立的儿子，张默沉溺于毒品而无法戒掉。
②The young man alcohol after the failure of his marriage.
自从婚姻失败后，那个年轻人沉溺于酒精难以自拔。
addicted himself to
addiction n． (毒)瘾
addictive adj. (药物)使人上瘾的
5．occupy vt.居住；占有；占据(时间、空间、某人的头脑等)；
使忙于(做某事)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)How much memory does the program occupy
这个程序占用多少内存？
(鲜活例句)The Smiths occupy a large house in the town and live a happy life.
史密斯一家住在城里一所大房子里，过着幸福的生活。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
occupy oneself in (doing) / with sth.
忙于(做)某事
be occupied with / in doing sth.(＝be busy with / in doing sth.) 从事某事，忙于做某事
①The workers occupied themselves in building new houses.
＝The workers were occupied in building new houses.
工人们正在忙着盖新房子。
②Only half of her time politics.
她只用自己一半的时间从事政治活动。
is occupied with
6．suit vt.适合
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Do whichever of these things that suit you.
做任何适合你的事。
(鲜活例句)If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
如果你想乘公共汽车去那儿，那也适合我。
(鲜活例句)It suits me to start work at a later time.
对我来说，最好晚一点开始工作。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①A good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his pupils.
一位优秀的老师应使他的课适合学生的年龄。
②I don't have anything suitable at the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
to wear
(三)明辨易混失误防范
比较 suit, fit, match
suit 侧重“合乎条件、身份、口味、需要”等
fit 侧重“尺寸、大小合适”，因而引申为“吻合”
match 指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
用suit, fit或match填空
③This dress doesn't me. Have you got another style
④This shirt doesn't me. Have you got a larger size
⑤I don't think your red skirt your green blouse.
suit
fit
matches
1．if 如果是这样
2．be /get stuck 困入；陷入
3．go 上升，上涨
4．be related 与……有关
5．be addicted 对……上瘾
6． average 通常，平均
7．sit 闲坐
8． excuses 找借口
in
up
to
to
around
so
on
make
1．go up上升，上涨，增长
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%.
在过去的十年中，英国公路上行驶的汽车数量增加了30%。
(鲜活例句)The price of oil has gone up by over 50 percent in less than a year.
油价在不到一年内就涨了超过50%.
(鲜活例句)Spending on research went up from $4 million to $4.5 million.
研究的经费从400万美元增加到了450万美元。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
go over 仔细查看；复习
go against 反对；对……不利
go without 没有……也可应付
go with 相配
①He went over the plans again and discovered two mistakes.
他再次审查了计划，发现了两处错误。
②He my wishes when he did that.
他那样做违背了我的意愿。
2．on average (＝ on the / an average) 通常，平均
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)On average, men smoke more cigarettes than women.
平均看来，男子比女子吸烟多。
went against
(鲜活例句)On average, we receive 5 e mails each day.
我们平均每天收到五封电子邮件。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
above / below (the) average 在平均水平之上/下
up to (the) average 接近一般水平
①Temperatures are above / below the average for the time of year.
温度高于/低于此时的年平均温度。
②Harry is in his lessons and Jim is about up to the average.
哈利的功课在中等以下，吉姆的功课刚到达一般水平。
below average
1．[句型展示] How often do we arrive at work or school
stressed out, tired and angry
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？
[典例背诵]
To our relief, the children returned home safe and sound at last.
令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地回到了家里。
2．[句型展示] On average, about forty people travel in one
bus, while the same number occupy thirty three cars.
平均而言，大约40个人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。
[典例背诵]
He likes coffee, while she likes tea.
他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。
1．How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired
and angry
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？
(1)stressed out，tired and angry 为形容词作状语，表伴随情况。
①He finally climbed up the mountain, tired but happy.
他最终爬到了山顶，很疲惫但很高兴。
(2)形容词作状语有以下几种情况：
②Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself in the corner.
由于害怕被抓住，小偷藏在角落里。(表原因)
③Ripe, these apples are very sweet.
熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。(表时间)
④The rabbit turned over, .
兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)
dead
⑤Helpless, we watched half a year's food destroyed before us.
我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前被毁掉
了。(表动作发生的情况或方式)
2．On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the
same number occupy thirty three cars.
平均而言，大约40个人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。
while为并列连词，连接两个并列句，表示转折、对比，意为“而，却”；另外，while还可以用作从属连词，意为“只要；当……时候；尽管”。
①You like sports, while I'd rather read.
你喜欢体育，而我却喜欢读书。
②He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.
我准备晚餐的时候他在洗澡。
③While there's life there's hope.
只要活着就有希望。
④While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。(共64张PPT)
Section I Warm-up ＆ On Your Bike
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 9 Wheels
Step
2
Step
3
Step
4
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
Step
1
Do you know who invented the automobile (汽车)？Many people think Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车), is it true And what is Henry Ford's dream according to the passage
Please read the following passage to get the answer.
Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.
In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.
The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream.
Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”
The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals.They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years.
Look at the following pictures and discuss which means of transportation do you like best with your partner why
参考答案：
I like bicycles best because it has the following advantages. First，it can reduce pollution and protect the environment Second，it is more convenient when you are stuck in the traffic jam. Third, it can build our body and save money.
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)Using a computer chip is to stop bikes from being stolen.( )
(2)Now in Amsterdam all the bicycles are painted white. ( )
(3)In Amsterdam riding a bicycle is very convenient. You can
find a bicycle anywhere. ( )
(4)Over 40 years people have been enjoying the benefits of
cycling in Amsterdam. ( )
(5)In Amsterdam no car is allowed in the city centre and only
bicycles are. ( )
T
F
F
F
F
Read the text again and choose the best answers.
(1)Which is TRUE according to the text
A．The bikes are all painted white.
B．The project doesn't succeed in the end.
C．Anyone with a special card can use the bike.
D．There are some people who watch over the bikes.
(2)Why is Amsterdam called the “City of Bicycles”？
A．There are plenty of places for bicycle parking.
B．The land in Amsterdam is flat.
C．It is convenient to ride a bike.
D．Most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.
(3)Who suggested the idea of cycling
A．Some of the cycling fans.
B．The people who don't have money to buy a car.
C．The government.
D．The common people.
(4)Why didn't the project succeed for the first time
A．It couldn't be carried out at first because many people
were against it.
B．The thieves took all the bicycles within weeks.
C．They didn't have money to buy enough bikes.
D．The people who suggested the idea changed their
minds because they were afraid that someone would
steal the bikes.
答案：(1)C (2)D (3)A (4)B
A．词汇拓展
1． adv.实际地，真实地→ adj.真实的，实际的
2． vi.&n.得益；好处→ adj.有益的，有利的
3． adj.方便的，便利的→ n．方便，
便利
4． adj.有希望的→ adv.充满希望地→
n．&v.希望，期望
actually
actual
benefit
beneficial
hope
convenience
convenient
hopeful
hopefully
5． n．后果，结果→ adj.作为结果的
→ adv.因此，所以
6． vi.争辩，争吵→ n．争论，论点，论据
7． vi.骑自行车→ n．骑自行车的人
B．根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
8． : take someone to a police station because the police
think he has done something illegal
consequence
consequent
argue
consequently
cycle
argument
cyclist
arrest
9． : someone who steals something
10． : to put something inside or into something else
11． : as a result of something that has just been
mentioned
12． : a boat that carries people, vehicles and goods
across a river or across a narrow part of the sea
13． : a person walking in the street and not
travelling in a vehicle
thief
therefore
ferry
pedestrian
insert
1．benefit
(教材原句)People have been enjoying the benefits of
cycling in Amsterdam for years.
多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。
(1)n.利益，好处
be of benefit to ... 对……有益处
for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益
①The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our
customers.
这种新信用卡将对我们消费者有很大的益处。
②They try to make inventions for people's benefit /
people.
他们努力为人们的福利进行发明创造。
(2)vt.& vi.有益于，对……有好处；得益
③They are working together to benefit the company.
他们在为整个公司的利益共同努力。
for the
benefit of
benefit from / by ... 得益于……
beneficial adj. 有益的
be beneficial to ... 对……有益
④Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
新鲜空气有益于健康。
⑤I have benefited a lot from my father's advice.
我从父亲的建议中受益良多。
2．convenient adj.方便的，便利的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and
therefore is convenient for bikes.
它是骑自行车的好地方，因为那里道路平坦，因此骑自
行车很方便。
(鲜活例句)A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in
towns.
在城镇骑自行车常常比开车方便。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
It is / was convenient (for sb). to do sth.
(某人)做某事很方便
...be convenient for / to sb.
对某人来说……是方便的
①It is not convenient for me to ring him up.
我现在不便于给他打电话。
②Come to see me whenever it is convenient .
你什么时候方便就什么时候来看我。
to you
[点津] convenient作表语时其主语一般是“物”或是形式主语it，而不是“人”。
convenience n． 方便；便利
at sb's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for sb.'s convenience (＝ for the convenience of sb.)
为了某人方便
③Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting
你能不能在你方便的时候给我来个电话，安排见一次面？
3．hopeful adj.有希望的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)They were hopeful that this would help to save energy，reduce pollution and provide free public transport.
他们希望这样能够帮助节约能源，减轻污染，并且(给大家)提供免费的公共交通工具。
(鲜活例句)I feel hopeful that we'll find a suitable house very soon.
我对很快找到合适的房子抱有希望。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be hopeful of / about sth. 对某事抱有希望
be hopeful of doing sth. 有希望做某事
be hopeful that ... 对……抱有希望
①We are all hopeful about the future and we have enough confidence.
我们对前途充满希望并且有足够的信心。
②The police finding more clues to the murder.
警方有望找到更多有关这宗谋杀案的线索。
are hopeful of
hopefully adv. 有希望地
hopeless adj. 无希望的
hope n. & v. 希望
4．consequence n．后果，结果(常用复数)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Climate change could have disastrous consequences for humans.
气候变化可能给人类带来灾难性的后果。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
as a consequence ＝ in consequence 结果，因此
as a consequence of ＝ in consequence of
由于……的缘故
①It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。
②She worked hard at her lessons and
got high marks.
她努力学习功课，因而得了很高的分数。
as a consequence
5．arrest vt.逮捕，拘留
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Why was he arrested
他为什么被捕？
(鲜活例句)He was arrested for dangerous driving.
他因危险驾驶而被拘留。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
arrest sb. for sth. 由于某事逮捕某人
arrest n. 逮捕；拘留
be under arrest 被拘留
①The arrest of the judge is reported on the front page.
法官被捕的报道被刊登在了头版。
②He and awaiting trial.
他被拘留候审。
6．argue
(1)vi.争辩，争吵
is under arrest
argue with sb.about / over sth. 与某人辩论某事
argue for 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
①I'm not going to argue about the plan with you.
我不想与你争辩这个计划。
②I do not want you my idea.
我不希望你反对我的想法。
(2)vt.坚决主张，论证；说服，劝说
to argue against
argue sb.into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 主张……；坚持认为……；
为证明……而提出理由
argument n. 争论，争辩
③We argue her out of going on such a dangerous journey.
我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。
④He she shouldn't go.
他争论说她不应该去。
argued that
1．fed 不愉快的，厌烦的
2．plenty 许多，大量
3． the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
4．work 锻炼身体，做运动
5．thanks 多亏了，幸亏
up
in
out
to
of
1．fed up不愉快的，厌烦的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)You look fed up!
你看起来不高兴！
(鲜活例句)Mother will be fed up if you don't telephone.
如果你不打电话，妈妈会不高兴的。
[点津] fed up为形容词短语，常位于系动词之后，在句中作表语。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be / get fed up with (＝ be / get tired of)
对……感到厌烦
①We're fed up with listening to his story.
他的故事我们已经听腻了。
②Some people modern city life, and moved to the countryside.
有一些人厌倦了现代化的城市生活而搬到农村去住。
were fed up with
2.work out锻炼身体，做运动；设计，制订；解出，算出；结
果；发展
①The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour
every morning.
那个著名的男演员每天早上锻炼一个小时以保持健康。
观察下列各句，写出work out在句中的含义。
②She worked out the problem with no difficulty.
解出
③The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately.
④To his satisfaction, everything is working out well.
制订
发展
work at 从事，致力于，钻研
work on 继续工作；影响
⑤Scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer space.
科学家们仍致力于发明到达外层空间的方法。
[句型展示] Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.
不管人们在哪里结束旅程，他们都将把自行车放在那里以便别人使用。
[典例背诵]
Wherever Jay Chou goes, there are crowds of fans waiting to see him.
无论周杰伦走到哪里，总有许多“粉丝”等着见他。
Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.
不管人们在哪里结束旅程，他们都将把自行车放在那里以便其他人使用。
本句中wherever引导了一个让步状语从句。wherever作连词，表示“无论在何处；无论在哪里；无论什么情况下”，既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
(1)引导让步状语从句
①May happiness follow wherever you go!
愿快乐永远跟随着您！
②English is useful .
无论你去哪里，英语都很有用。
(2)可引导名词性从句
③Wherever he goes has nothing to do with me.
无论他去哪里都与我无关。
④I will go wherever you go.
你去哪里，我就去哪里。
wherever you go
比较 wherever, no matter where
wherever 可以引导让步状语从句，这时等于 no matter where；也可以引导名词性从句，如主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句
no matter
where 只能引导让步状语从句
用wherever或no matter where填空
⑤ you study, try your best.
⑥He doesn't care about his son goes.
[点津] no matter＋疑问词(where / when / how / what / who / which)只能引导让步状语从句，此时相当于疑问词＋ ever；疑问词(where / when / how / what / who / which)＋ ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
Wherever/No matter where
wherever
一、现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时由“have / has been＋现在分词”构成，
主语是第三人称单数时用has，其他人称用have。疑问
句和否定句形式根据助动词have / has而变化。
[考题印证1]
(2012·安徽高考)In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.
A．did B．do
C．had done D．have been doing
解析：考查动词时态。句意：为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。根据句中的“can”及时间状语“over the past five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，故选D。
答案：D
二、现在完成进行时的主要用法
1．表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不
远的时间，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。
这种时态多用持续性动词。如 learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study 等，常和this week，this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等状语以及 since 和 for 所引导的时间状语或从句连用。
My sister has been learning English since 1995.
自从1995年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
I have been reading this book for two hours, but I haven't finished it.
这本书我已读了两小时了，但我还没读完。
[考题印证2]
(2011·北京高考)Tom______in the library every night over the last three months.
A．works B．worked
C．has been working D．had been working
解析：考查时态。 由句中的时间状语“over the last three months” 可知应用现在完成进行时。
答案：C
2．表示重复动作
有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
You've been saying you can succeed for five years.
五年来你一直在说你能成功。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的几个城市。
[考题印证3]
(2010·江苏高考)—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting
解析：考查时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
答案：D
3．用于得出结论
Your clothes are covered with dust. You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才在打扫教室吧。
You look thin and tired.You have been working too hard.
你看起来又瘦又累，你近来工作一定很辛苦。
4．表示感彩
现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感彩。
She's been saying that twenty times.
这话她已经说了二十遍了。
三、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行
时，只能用现在完成时。如see, hear, know, have, like, be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
2．不具有延续意义的动词。如finish, come, go, marry等不能
用于现在完成进行时。(共95张PPT)
Section I Warm-up ＆ The Spirit of Explorers
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 7 The Sea
Step
2
Step
3
Step
4
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
Step
1
1．Did you ever find some marks on your skin after
swimming
2．Why are the seas salty And will they get saltier
Please read the following passage to get the answer.
Have you ever noticed that, in the summer, when your sweat dries it will leave marks on your T shirt The marks are tiny bits of salt.
If you go to the seaside, you will know that seawater does the same to your clothes, because it also has a lot of salt in it.
Water evaporates (蒸发) from the surface of the sea but the salt remains. Have you ever thought about whether the seas will keep getting saltier The answer is no. The oceans have stayed at about 3.5 per cent salt content for hundreds of millions of years. It maintains a constant level of salt in different ways.
Pick up a clamshell (蛤壳) and weigh it in your hand. It is heavy. All creatures need sodium (钠) to live and most need calcium to build bones and shells. The clam, like all sea creatures, gets its sodium and calcium from seawater. When creatures die, their salt is locked up in bones and shells, which drop to the bottom of the sea.
Reactions between seawater and rocks are not just one way. Sea salt not only dissolves (溶解) from rocks; it also reacts with the rocks of the ocean crust (地壳) and volcanic lava (熔岩). The reactions take some of the salts in seawater away from the sea.
The outer hard crust of Earth is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift (漂流) on extremely hot, soft rock like floating islands on a sea. The heat within Earth is not the same everywhere and the plates move due to the heat.
When an ocean plate bumps into a land plate, the less dense land plate floats over the ocean one. The ocean floor gets pushed under, and its salty rocks, along with shells and bones, are lost deep within Earth.
So, that's why the seas are salty but don't get any saltier.
A．Do you know about how many navigators (航海家)
Please write down their names.
Zheng He, Magellan (麦哲伦), Vasco da Gama (达·伽马), Bartholomeu Dias (迪亚斯), James Cook (库克船长), Christopher Columbus (哥伦布)．
B．Match the following navigators with their main sailing
experiences.
a．sailed directly from Europe to India
b．led seven expeditions to what the Chinese called“the
Western Ocean”(Indian Ocean)
c．led to general European awareness of the American
continents
d．sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488
答案：(1)～(4) cbad
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings. ( )
(2)The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia. ( )
(3)Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD. ( )
(4)Eric the Red left Iceland because he had committed a
murder. ( )
F
T
F
T
(5)All of Eric's twenty five ships reached Greenland
successfully. ( )
(6)Leif chose different directions from Biarni's and
sailed to Canada. ( )
F
F
Scan the text and choose the best answers.
(1)It's said that Eric the Red got into trouble ________.
A．when he left Greenland
B．when he reached Greenland
C．when he committed a murder
D．when he returned to Iceland
(2)After Eric the Red discovered Greenland，________.
A．people started to live on that island
B．he thought people couldn't live on it
C．some people went back with him to Greenland
D．he set sail further west
(3)Who does“he”in line 23 refer to
A．Eric the Red. B．Biarni.
C．Biarni's father. D．Eric's father.
(4)Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．Biarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.
B．Newfoundland lies north to Canada.
C．No people lived in Newfoundland when Leif
discovered it.
D．Biarni's directions were of great use to Leif.
(5)What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How the Vikings discovered America.
B．The life of Vikings in Scandinavia.
C．Eric the Red's life story.
D．Old stories about the Vikings.
答案：(1)C (2)C (3)B (4)D (5)A
A．词汇拓展
1． n．探险家→ vt.探险
2． adj.不知道的，未知的→ adj.出名的，
已知的
3． adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ n．惊吓；
恐怖→ vt.使惊吓；使惊恐→ adj.惊
吓的；受惊的；害怕的
explorer
explore
unknown
known
frightening
fright
frighten
frightened
4． n．水手；海员→ vi.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行
5． vt.说服；劝服→ n．说服；劝说
→ adj.有说服力的
6． vi.道歉→ n．道歉
B．根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
7． ：an inner part of someone that includes their
thoughts and feelings
8． : a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
9． ：a person, typically one more remote than a
grandparent, from whom one is descended
sailor
sail
persuade
persuasion
persuasive
apologise
apology
spirit
voyage
ancestor
10． : beyond the point already reached or the
distance already covered
11． : a thing that somebody does that is usually very
good or very bad
12． : an act of travelling from one place to another
13． ：an educational talk to an audience, especially
students in a university
14． ：at the end of a period of time or a series
of events
further
deed
journey
lecture
eventually
1.frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)The earthquake that hit Japan on March 11, 2011
was really frightening, causing more than 10,000 deaths.
2011年3月11号袭击日本的地震真的很可怕，造成了1万多
人死亡。
(鲜活例句)Travelling in an airplane can be a frightening experience for some people.
乘飞机旅行对有些人来说可能会是一次骇人的经历。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
frightened adj. 惊吓的，受惊的，害怕的
be frightened of 害怕
be frightened to do ... 害怕做……
be frightened that 害怕……
①Don't be frightened of making mistakes when you speak English.
说英语时别害怕犯错误。
②He was to move.
他太害怕了以至于一动不动。
too frightened
(三)明辨易混失误防范
比较 frightened, frightening
frightened 意为“受惊的，惊吓的，害怕的”，当主语为人或作定语修饰人或与人有关的名词时使用frightened
frightening 意为“令人惊恐的，骇人的”，当主语为物或修饰物时用frightening
用frightened或frightening填空
③He was to death when he saw the
scene.
当他看到这令人惊恐的一幕时他吓得要死。
frightened
frightening
fright n． 恐怖，惊吓
frighten vt. 使惊吓，使恐怖
2.voyage n．航海；航空；航程；航行
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)China's first aircraft carrier Varyag set out on
its maiden voyage on August 10, 2011.
中国第一艘航空母舰瓦良格号于2011年8月10日开始了它
的处女航。
(鲜活例句)They planned a voyage for crossing the Pacific
Ocean.
他们计划做穿越太平洋的航行。
voyage 主要指海上的旅行，有时也用于太空的旅行
travel 常指长距离旅行或国外旅行(可数或不可数名词)并往往暗示会回到原出发地
journey 常指远距离的陆地旅行(可数名词)
trip 指从一个地方到另一个地方所花的时间和所走的路程，常为短途旅行
tour 着重指路线比较曲折，最后回到原出发点的旅行，常表示(周游各地的)参观、访问、(巡回)旅游、视察、购物、演出等。可作动词和名词
用voyage, travel, journey, trip或tour填空
②We'll make a to Beijing by train.
③My father has gone downtown on a shopping .
④We had eight days' by car.
⑤Tom will take a weekend to the seaside.
⑥Can you go on a to Australia in a small boat
journey
tour
travel
trip
voyage
3.further
(教材原句)In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red
decided to set sail further west, there were as many as
10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.
公元982年，冰岛生活着多达10 000的北欧海盗，就在此
时，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。
(1)adv. (时间、距离)更远，较远；(程度)进一步，进一层
①We had walked further than I had realized.
在不知不觉中我们已走得很远。
②We must go further into the question.
我们必须进一步研究这个问题。
[点津] far — farther — farthest多指具体的距离“较远”、
“最远”；far — further — furthest多指程度上“进一步”、
“最深”等抽象意义。
(2)adj. 较远的；更进一步的
③For call this number.
欲知详情，请拨打这个电话号码。
further details
(3)vt. 促进，增进
④She took the new job to further her career.
她接受了这项新工作以进一步发展她的事业。
4.persuade
(教材原句)He persuaded some people to go back with
him to Greenland.
他说服一些人与他一起回到格陵兰岛。
(1)vt. 说服，劝服
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
①I have persuaded him to give up smoking.
我已说服了他戒烟。
②We her taking the job.
我们说服她接受这份工作。
③She persuaded her father out of drinking.
她劝服了父亲戒酒。
persuaded
into
(2)vt. 使信服，使相信
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. that ... 使某人相信……
④I persuaded him of its truth and he accepted it silently.
我使他相信这是真的，他默默地接受了。
比较 persuade, advise
persuade 指劝说对方并且使对方接受，强调结果“说服了”
advise 表示劝说对方却未必使对方接受，强调动作“劝说”
用persuade或advise填空
⑤I my father to stop working, but I couldn't
him.
我劝说父亲不要工作，但未能说服他。
advised
persuade
5.apologise (＝ apologize) vi.道歉
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.
约翰逊先生因为这个错误而道歉。
(鲜活例句)I don't know why I should apologise. I
didn't do anything wrong.
我不知道我为什么要道歉，我可没做错什么。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
apologise to sb. for (doing) sth.
因(做了)某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉
offer / make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
因(做了)某事而向某人道歉
accept an apology 接受道歉
①Japanese government apologised to the Japanese people for the nuclear radiation leaks.
日本政府因核泄漏向日本人民道歉。
②Harry his teacher coming to school late.
哈利为上学迟到而向老师认错。
③We should our teacher for being late.
我们应该因迟到向老师道歉。
apologised to
for
make an apology to
1． sail 启航
2．according 根据，依照
3．get trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境
4．make it 到达
5．in search 寻找，寻求
6．be known 作为……而出名；
被称为，被叫作
7．succeed doing sth. 成功地做某事
8．be the control of 在……的控制之下
set
to
into
to
of
as
in
under
1.set sail启航
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)We set sail at dawn and headed for New York.
我们在黎明启程，直驶纽约。
(鲜活例句)The light faded as we set sail from the harbour.
当我们从海港启航时，天色逐渐变黑。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
set about 开始做(某事)
set aside 把……放置一旁，不理会
set out 动身，出发；着手，开始
①We need to set about finding a solution.
我们得着手寻找一个解决方法。
②Du Li set out the world record.
杜丽一心努力要打破世界纪录。
[点津] set about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动名词作宾语；set out表示“着手/开始做某事”时后跟不定式作宾语。
to break
2.according to根据，依照
(教材原句)According to the old stories of Iceland and
Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he
had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威古老的传说，埃里克·雷德因犯了谋杀罪而
惹上麻烦，被迫离开冰岛。
①According to these figures, our company is doing well.
从这些数字来看，我们的公司经营得不错。
②The work was done her instructions.
这项工作是依照她的指示办的。
according to
③According to me, the film is wonderful.(×)
应该为：In my view, the film is wonderful.(√)
依我看，这部电影很精彩。
[点津] according to后不能接view，opinion等词充当宾语。according to 是指按照他人的意见或其他事物，因此不能说according to me。
3.get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)He is always getting into trouble when he is out.
他出门时总会碰到麻烦。
(鲜活例句)He got into trouble when he got to America.
到美国时，他碰到了麻烦。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
ask for / look for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦
get (sb.) out of trouble (使某人)摆脱困境
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
in / out of trouble 处于困境中/摆脱困境
①No one can help you out of trouble.
没有人能帮你摆脱困境。
②Don't until trouble troubles you.
麻烦不找你，别自找麻烦。
③We have some trouble (in) writing the article.
我们写文章有些困难。
ask / look for trouble
4.make it to 到达
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships,
of which only 14 make it to Greenland.
埃里克再次启航，这次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有
14艘最终到达格陵兰岛。
(鲜活例句)Can you make it to Lily's birthday party
tomorrow
你明天可以去莉莉的生日派对吗？
(鲜活例句)We live in a world where only the strongest can make it to the top.
我们生活在一个只有最坚强的人才能到达顶峰的世界。
(鲜活例句)Brazil and Argentina had been the most likely to make it to the finals, but they both stopped at the quarter finals.
巴西队和阿根廷队曾经最有可能晋级决赛，但两支球队都在四分之一决赛中铩羽而归。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
make it 获得成功，约定时间
make up 化妆，编造，组成
make out 理解，明白
①Deng Yaping was once told she had no talent in table tennis and would never make it as a table tennis player.
邓亚萍曾被告知没有打乒乓球的天赋，做一名乒乓球运动员永远也无法获得成功。
②Three doctors and five nurses the medical team.
三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队。
made up
5.in search of 寻找，寻求
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Not long after Eric the Red had landed in
Greenland, a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in
search of Eric's party.
埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人也
从冰岛启航来寻找埃里克一伙人。
(鲜活例句)One of the greatest joys known to man is to take a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge.
人类认识到的最大乐趣之一是置身于愚昧之境去寻求知识。
(鲜活例句)We drove around the town in search of a good hotel.
我们开车在城里转，想找一个好旅馆。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
in one's / the search for 寻找，寻求(＝in search of)
search sb./ sp. 搜查某人/某地方
search for 搜寻，寻找(某个特定的目标)
search ... for ... (在某地或某人身上)搜寻(某东西)
①They are in the search for their relatives lost in the earthquake.
他们正在寻找在地震中失踪的亲人。
[点津] search 前常有the或one's，其后介词常用for；但in search of结构中search前不带任何限定词。
②She all the shops a Mother's Day present.
为了买一件母亲节的礼物，她找遍了所有的店铺。
searched
for
(语境串记)The Customs were searching for drugs when I came through the airport. They searched everybody's luggage for them, and they searched the man in front of me from head to foot.
我经过机场时，海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李，并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。
6.be known as 作为……而出名，被认为是
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)He then sailed further south to an island which
is now known as Newfoundland.
然后他继续南行至现在叫做纽芬兰的岛屿。
(鲜活例句)These chocolate bars are known as something
else in the US, but I can't remember what.
这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法，但我记不起来叫什么了。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be known to 为……所知
be known for 因……而众所周知
①He is known to the police because of his previous criminal record.
他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。
②The Great Wall its long history and its magnificence.
长城以其悠久的历史和其雄壮伟丽而出名。
is known for
1．[句型展示] They achieved this long before Columbus
ever set sail.
早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
[典例背诵]
The invention had been widely studied long before it was put into use.
这项发明在投入使用前进行了广泛研究。
2．[句型展示] Biarni was hoping to join his father who was
with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in
an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但飓风使他偏离航线，刮到一个不知名的地方。从那里他最终抵达了格陵兰岛。
[典例背诵]
He found himself lost in the forest, anxious and frightened.
他发现自己在森林里迷了路，又不安又害怕。
1．They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.
早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
(1)long before“早在……以前，在……之前很早”，后面
跟表示时间概念的词语或句子，多用于过去时或过去完
成时中。
①She had seen the film long before she came to work here.
她在来这儿工作之前很早就看过这部电影了。
(2)long before还可以单独使用，意为“很久以前”。
②They left their hometown .
他们很久以前离开了家乡。
比较 long before, before long
long before
long before 作“很久以前”讲时，相当于long long ago，常用于过去时或过去完成时中
before long 意为“不久之后”，相当于soon。常用于将来时(不久将要怎么样)，也可以用于过去时
(讲述过去某个时间点之后怎么样)
用long before或before long填空
③ he stayed in Germany for half a year and he will go to Germany again.
很久以前他在德国住了半年，不久他将再次去德国。
[点津] long before的意思是“很久以前”；before long“不久以后”。记忆方法：long在前“很久以前”；long在后“不久以后”。
Long before
before long
2．Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,
but he was blown off course and found himself in an
unknown land，from where he eventually reached
Greenland.
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但飓风使他偏离航线，刮到一个不知名的地方。从那里他最终抵达了格陵兰岛。
句中found himself in an unknown land为find的复合结构，其基本用法如下：
①We all found Qingdao very beautiful the first time we went there.(形容词)
我们第一次去青岛的时候，都觉得青岛很美。
②I find the book hard to understand because it contains too many new words.(形容词＋不定式)
我发现这本书很难理解，因为里面有太多的生词。
③She found an ID on the ground on the way home.
(现在分词)
在回家的路上，她发现地上有一个身份证。
④We found a whale washed up to the shore.(过去分词)
我们发现一头鲸被冲到了岸上。
⑤When he woke up he found himself .(介词短语)
他醒来时发现自己在医院里。
lying
in hospital
一、when, where, why 引导的定语从句
1．when引导的定语从句
先行词是指时间的名词，如：time, day, year, month,
moment, week, hour, minute等，when在从句中作时间
状语。
I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
我仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。
It was an exciting moment for the Spanish fans, when for the first time their team won the World Cup.
对于西班牙球迷来说，那是一个激动人心的时刻，因为在那一刻，他们的球队第一次赢得了世界杯。
2．where引导的定语从句
先行词是指地点的名词，如：place, factory, farm, station, town, meeting room等，where在从句中作地点状语。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
(先行词是town)
Some pre school children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs.
有些学龄前儿童去上日托，在那儿他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。(先行词是day care center)
[点津] 当先行词表示抽象的地点或带有地点的意味且在从句中充当类似于地点状语的作用时，定语从句用where引导。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
生命就像一场长跑比赛，其间我们互相竞争，超越自我。(先行词是race)
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
那些成功的盲人舞蹈演员认为，舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更重要的活动。(先行词是activity)
3．why引导的定语从句
先行词常为reason，why在定语从句中作原因状语。
We didn't know the reason why he refused our help.
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
There's no reason why we shouldn't be so rude.
我们不该那么无礼，这没有理由。
[考题印证1]
1－1(2012·浙江高考)We live in an age ________ more
information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A．why B．when
C．to whom D．on which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从
句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所
以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。
答案：B
1－2(2011·安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the
refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which
C．where D．while
解析：考查定语从句。句意： 无论剩下什么东西，都可以放
入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will
keep for two or three weeks” 是定语从句，关系副词 where
在从句中作地点状语。
答案：C
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引
导非限制性定语从句。关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
这是我们引以为豪的英雄。(whom不能省略，不能用who代替)
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这是我用来写信的那支钢笔。(which不能省略，也不能用that代替)
2．当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/ which(指物)，
that/ whom/ who(指人)作介词宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往可以省略。
This is the pen (that/ which) I wrote the letter with.
这是我用来写信的那支钢笔。
This is the hero (that/ who/ whom) we are proud of.
这是我们引以为豪的英雄。
3．“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句与
先行词常用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵高大的树。
4．关系代词前面的介词使用情况：
(1)根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远也不会忘记我第一次遇到他的那一天。(表示具体
的某一天时，用介词on)
She wanted to find the way in which she could make
everyone live more happily
她想找到一种能让每个人生活得更幸福的方法。(介词in与
way搭配，表示“用……办法，以……方式”)
(2)根据定语从句后面的动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of my aunt's.
你刚才跟他说话的那个人是我姑姑的一个亲戚。(speak to意为“对……说话”)
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.
让他们感到自豪的两样东西是吉姆的金表和黛拉的头发。(be / feel proud of为固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”)
(3)有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的
搭配关系。
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
那个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了个洞，通过那个洞可以看到屋内正在发生的一切。
5．像listen to, look after, look at, look for, look into, get in,
take care of, take for, take off, be used to (习惯于), make
use of, take part in, depend on, pay attention to等固定短
语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
这就是她照顾的那个男孩子。
[考题印证2]
2－1(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,
________ half wear glasses.
A．in whom B．in them
C．of whom D．of them
解析：考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用
人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46
个学生当中，表所属关系，应用of。故选C。
答案：C
2－2(2012·湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process
________ even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what
C．which D．in which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，
在这一过程中，即使是生活中最细小的细节也应该考虑在内。
________ even the smallest details of life should be considered
是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整，所以选关系副词；先行
词是process，表抽象地点，所以选in which，相当于where。
答案：D
三、“介词＋关系代词”结构与关系副词的转换
通常“介词＋关系代词”结构可以与相对应的关系副词相互转换，表示地点的where相当于in/ at which；表示时间的when相当于in/ at/ on which；表示原因的why相当于for which。
This is the house where (＝ in which) his grandfather once lived.
这就是他的祖父曾经住过的房子。
Do you remember the day when (＝on which) you joined our club
你记得你加入我们俱乐部的那天吗？
That is the reason why (＝ for which) he must apologise.
这就是他必须道歉的原因。(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅱ On the Move & Clean Machines
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 9 Wheels
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
A．词汇拓展
1． adj.敏感的；能理解的→ n．意义；感官
→ adj.意识到的；明智的
2． adj.和善的，温和的→ adv.温柔地，温和地
→ n．温和；文雅
3． adj.残忍的，凶猛的→ adv.猛烈地，厉害地
4． n．译员，口译者→ v．翻译
sensitive
sense
interpret
sensible
gentle
gently
gentleness
fiercely
fierce
interpreter
5． adj.愚蠢的→ adv.愚蠢地→ n．
傻瓜v.愚弄
6． n．负责，责任，职责→ adj.负责
任的，有责任的→ adv.负责任地，可信赖地
7． n．女主人→ n．主人
8． adj.可靠的→ v．依赖，依靠
9． v．给……深刻的印象；使铭记→ n．
印象，感觉
10． n．操作人员，接线员→ v．操作；运转
11． vt.欣赏，鉴赏→ n．欣赏，感激
foolish
host
foolishly
fool
responsibly
responsibility
reliable
impression
rely
responsible
appreciation
hostess
impress
appreciate
operator
operate
B．词义配对
12．accent a．all the words that a person knows or
uses
13．platform b．bags，cases，etc.that contain sb.'s
clothes and things when they are
travelling
14．baggage c．a plan that lists all the work that you
have to do and when you must do each
thing
15．vocabulary d．a way of pronouncing the words of a
language that shows which country or
area a person comes from
16．schedule e．the raised flat area beside the track at
a train station where you get on or off
the train
答案：12～16 debac
1．sensitive adj.能理解的，敏感的；容易生气的；易受伤
害的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)She is always sensitive and caring.
她总是善解人意，有爱心。
(鲜活例句)Do not laugh at him; he is very sensitive.
千万别笑他，他很敏感。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be sensitive to ... 对……体贴的
be sensitive about / to ... 对……敏感的
①She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
她很能体谅他人的感情。
②Some students especially making mistakes.
有些学生对出错很在意。
are
sensitive about
sense n． 感官；感觉
sensible adj. 可感觉到的，识别力强的；明智的
2．likely adj.可能的；有希望的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)She is the most likely girl to win the prize.
她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事
It is likely that ... 很可能……
①John is likely to go to the beach tomorrow.
约翰明天可能去海滩。
② the weather will be fine.
天气可能好转。
It is likely that
(三)明辨易混失误防范
比较 likely, possible, probable
likely 强调“表面上看起来有可能”，与 probable 意思相近，有时可以互换
possible 指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思。可作宾语补足语，常用句型：It is possible that ...; It is possible for sb. to do ...
probable 语气比 possible 强，指有根据的、合情理的、值得相信的事物，含有“大概；很可能”的意思。常用句型：It is probable that ...
形
象
记
忆
用likely, passible或probable填空
③We'll do everything to help you.
④It's highly that they will win the match.
⑤I think I'm to get the job.
3．schedule
(教材原句)And Hao Qi has Mary's schedule.
并且郝奇有玛丽的日程表。
possible
probable
likely
(1)n.时间表，进度表；日程安排
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 晚于预定时间
on schedule 准时，按时间表
①The new bridge has been finished two months ahead of schedule.
新桥提前两个月完工。
②The boss demanded that the work (should) be finished
.
老板要求工作要按时完成。
on schedule
(2)vt. 安排，预定
be scheduled for ... 预定……
be scheduled to do ... 预定做……
③It's said that the meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon.
据说会议定于周五下午举行。
④President Obama is scheduled a speech tomorrow.
总统奥巴马定于明日发表演说。
to make
4．responsibility n．负责，责任，职责
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Kelly's promotion means more money and more responsibility.
凯利的提升意味着钱多了，责任也更大了。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take / bear (the) responsibility for ... 对……负有责任
It's one's responsibility to do sth.
做某事是某人的职责
①Would someone take responsibility for bringing Paul home
有人负责带保罗回家吗？
②It's my responsibility to take good care of my parents and child.
照顾好父母和孩子是我的责任。
responsible adj. 负责的；负有责任的，应承担
责任的
be responsible for ... 对……负责
③Parents must their children's behaviour.
父母必须为他们孩子的行为负责。
be responsible for
5．content
(1)n.内容；目录；容纳的东西；含量
①He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table.
他把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。
②I like the style of this book but I don't like the content.
我喜欢这本书的文笔，但不喜欢它的内容。
形
象
记
忆
(2)adj.满足的，满意的
be content with ... 满足于……
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
③He got a new job at a hotel and he it.
他在一家旅馆得到一份新工作并且对它很满意。
④He was content nearly all his time lying in bed now.
他现在整天躺在床上，对此他很满意。
was content with
to spend
6．impression n．印象，感觉
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I want people to have a good impression of solar cars.
我想让人们对太阳能汽车有个好印象。
(鲜活例句)First impression is often misleading.
第一印象常常会误导人。
(鲜活例句)I had a very good impression of the Shanghai World Expo.
我对上海世博会印象极好。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)make / leave a good / bad / lasting impression on sb.
给某人留下好的/坏的/永久的印象
have / get a good / bad impression of sb. / sth.
对某人/某事物的印象好/不好
be under the impression that ... 以为……，误认为……
(2)impress vt. 给……留下深刻印象
impress sth.on / upon sb. 使某人明白(重要性或严重性等)
impress sb.with ... 给某人留下……印象
be impressed with / by sth. 对……印象深刻
①Punishment seemed to make no impression on the child.
惩罚对这孩子似乎没什么效果。
②I'm sorry and I was you were the manager.
对不起，我还以为你是经理呢。
③Everyone was deeply impressed by Wen Jiabao's speech.
温家宝的演讲给大家留下了深刻的印象。
under the impression that
7．appreciate vt.感谢，感激；欣赏，鉴赏
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)She'll appreciate it.
她会对此表示感激的。
(鲜活例句)We appreciate your efforts for the development of company.
我们非常感谢你为公司的发展所做的努力。
(鲜活例句)He knows how to appreciate poetry.
他知道如何欣赏诗歌。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
appreciate sb. / sb.'s doing sth. 感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
appreciation n. 欣赏，感激
①Catherine don't appreciate being treated like a difficult student.
凯瑟林不愿被当作问题生。
②I'd you paid in cash.
如果你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。
[点津] 英语中表示爱憎的动词，如like, hate, appreciate, enjoy等其后面接if或其他疑问词引导的从句时，一般要在这些动词后加it。
appreciate it if
1．rely 依赖，依靠
2．check 登记，报到
3．pull (车辆)停止，停车
4．pull (火车)驶离车站，出站
5．complain 抱怨
6． far 迄今为止
7．take 发生
on
up
out
about
in
so
place
1．rely on依赖，依靠，取决于；信任，依赖
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
如今，我们越来越依赖计算机的帮助。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
rely on sb.doing / to do sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on sb. / sth.for sth. 依靠……，(为生活
或生存)依赖……
rely on it that ... 依靠/指望/信赖……
①Can we rely on him to help us
我们能指望他来帮助我们吗？
②They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只能依靠这条河。
③You may he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来接你的。
rely on it that
2．check in登记，报到
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I have already checked in my luggage.
我已经办理了行李登记手续。
(鲜活例句)Passengers should check in for Flight BA125 to Berlin.
去柏林的英航125航班旅客请办理登机手续。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
check out 调查，查证；办理手续(结账)离开；
(从图书馆等)借出
check up 检查，核对
①Departing guests are asked to check out by noon.
离开旅馆的宾客须在中午前办理结账手续。
②I'm sure he knew I was on him.
我确信他知道我在暗中调查他。
checking up
3．pull up(车辆)停止，停车
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)He didn't pull his car up at a red light.
他看见红灯没有停车。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
pull in (列车)到达，进站；(船、车)靠向一边
pull out (火车)驶离车站，出站
pull on 穿上(衣服、袜子等)
pull through 渡过难关，摆脱危难；完成，做成
①The train pulled in and pulled out exactly on time.
火车正点进站和出站。
②She her boots and then left the house.
她穿上靴子，然后离家走了。
③I can put up a good means to him to .
我可以向他建议一个好办法以使他渡过难关。
pulled on
pull him through
4．so far迄今为止
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I've designed five or six different cars so far.
到目前为止，我已经设计了五、六款不同的汽车。
(鲜活例句)It's a shame that I have not been abroad so far.
真遗憾，我至今还没有出过国。
(鲜活例句)So far, the economic crisis has been spreading in European countries.
迄今为止，经济危机还在一些欧洲国家蔓延。
[点津] so far在句中用作时间状语，表示从过去某时到“现在”(即说话时)的一段时间，相当于until now，因此常与现在完成时连用。它在句中的位置较为灵活，既可位于句首，也可位于句末。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 so far, by far
so far 副词词组，意为“到目前为止；迄今”，所在句子常用现在完成时
by far 介词词组，一般作表示程度的状语，常用来修饰比较级或最高级，是“非常；……得多”的意思
用so far或by far填空
①He is the best student in our class.
②I have read three English novels .
5．take place产生；发生；进行，举行
(教材原句)Where do these races take place
这些汽车赛是在哪儿举行的？
by far
so far
①Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1992.
自1992年以来我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②As is known to us all, the 31st Olympic Games will take place in Brazil.
众所周知，第31届奥运会将在巴西举行。
③The interview is well planned and it is on time.
采访计划周密，会按时进行的。
[点津] take place是不及物动词，无被动式；常指经过安排的事情。
to take place
1．[句型展示] He was going through passport control
when he realised he didn't have his passport.
他正在通过护照检查处，这时他意识到自己没带护照。
[典例背诵]
I was watching TV when the doorbell rang.
我正在看电视，这时门铃响了。
2．[句型展示] People have been worried about pollution
caused by fuels like petrol and gas for a long time now.
人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料造成的污染担忧。
[典例背诵]
They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.
他们减少了用于实验的动物数量。
1．He was going through passport control when he realised
he didn't have his passport.
他正在通过护照检查处，这时他意识到自己没带护照。句中when用作并列连词，意为“突然，正在那时”，相当于and just at this / that time，常用句型有：
(1)be doing ... when ... 某人正在做……这时……
(2)be about to do ... when ... 某人刚要做……这时……
(3)be on the point of doing ... when ...
某人刚要做……这时……
(4)had just done ... when ... 某人刚做完……这时……
①He was going to sleep when the light went out.
他正准备睡觉突然灯灭了。
②Frank when it began to rain.
弗兰克正要离开，这时天开始下雨了。
③I had just finished my homework when Jack came in.
我刚完成作业，这时杰克来了。
was about to leave
2．People have been worried about pollution caused by fuels
like petrol and gas for a long time now.
人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料造成的污染担忧。
(1)“caused by fuels like petrol and gas”是过去分词短语，在
句中作后置定语修饰“pollution”，相当于“which is caused by fuels like petrol and gas”。
①The book written by him is very popular.
他写的那本书很受欢迎。
②The bridge is under repair.
30年前建的那座桥正在维修中。
built 30 years ago
(2)过去分词作宾语与其所修饰词之间为动宾关系，强调被动
和完成。如果与所修饰词之间为主动关系，表示未发生用
动词不定式，表示正在发生用动词 ing形式。
③The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有一栋舒适的房子可以住。
④The house belonging to my uncle is located on the seashore.
我叔叔的房子坐落在海边。
⑤The question now involves pollution.
现在正在讨论的问题涉及污染。
being discussed
一、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的基本用法
现在完成时由“have / has＋过去分词”构成，表示过去
所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果；现在完
成进行时由“have / has been＋现在分词”构成，表示
某一动作在过去某一时间发生，一直延续到现在，有可
能到此为止，也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼
有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；又由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也表示某一动作的延续性、现时性、重复性、生动性乃至感彩。
二、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1．相同点：
(1)现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻
开始一直延续到现在的动作。
I have worked in this school since 2010.
I have been working in this school since 2010.
自从2010年以来，我一直在这所学校工作。
(2)现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内延
续的动作。
Mr Smith has lived here for 20 years.
Mr Smith has been living here for 20 years.
史密斯先生已经在这里住了20年了。
[点津] 以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时，含
义上没有什么差别，两种时态可以互换。但两种时态也
存有用法上的差别。
2．不同点：
(1)从定义上来看，现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完
成的动作或者状态，常常与already“已经”或ever“曾
经”连用。
We have already learnt Unit 2.
我们已经学习了第二单元。
She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
(2)而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直
延续到现在，并且还要进行下去的动作，具有未完成的
特点；一般不与already或ever等连用。
We have been learning Unit 2.
我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完)
注意以下两组句子含义上的区别：
I have read the novel.(已看完)
I have been reading the novel.(一直在看，还没有看完)
Who has eaten my dinner？(全吃光了)
Who has been eating my dinner？(还有一些剩下)
[考题印证1]
(2010·辽宁高考)Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name？”in Russian.
A．has been going B．went
C．goes D．has gone
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名
字？”。根据句意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。
答案：A
(3)相对于现在完成时表示一次性动作，现在完成进行时可以
表示动作的重复。
I have met him at the library.
我已在图书馆见过他。
I have been meeting him at the library.
我经常在图书馆看见他。
(4)现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作，
但在含义上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果，而
现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。
You look so tired; what have you been doing
你看起来很累，做什么了？(强调动作)
We've cleaned the house; you may come in now.
我们打扫过房子了，你现在可以进来了。
(强调结果“房子干净”)
[考题印证2]
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The manager________ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
A．has told B．is telling
C．has been telling D．will have told
解析：考查时态。句意：经理自从上午9点起一直在告诉工人们如何改进项目。根据句末的时间状语since 9 am及句意可知，此处强调的是动作的持续进行，所以此处用现在完成进行时，表示“一直不断地告诫……”。
答案：C(共73张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Protecting the Sea ＆ The Sea Word
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 7 The Sea
Step
2
Step
3
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
Step
1
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)The tiniest fish in the world is as big as a fly in your
house. ( )
(2)You can see the most beautiful coral and the most unusual
fish in the world in the “Sea Theatre”． ( )
(3)We can see polar bears and a real iceberg in the “Polar
World”． ( )
(4)Children can touch crabs and other smaller creatures in the
“Discovery Pool”． ( )
F
F
T
T
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks according to the text.
polar bears， a real iceberg， acrobatic
seals and friendly penguins
the most beautiful coral and the most
unusual fish
intelligent dolphins
crabs and other smaller creatures
B．a.The noisiest fish can produce sounds almost as
sound as your speaking voice.
b．The prettiest fish have a on their body.
c．The tiniest fish is than a fly.
twice
smaller
light
real
friendly
coral
intelligent
Discovery
strangest
attract
noisiest
tiniest
shark
A．根据所给词性和汉语意思写出下列单词
1． n. 过度捕捞
2． vt. 禁止
3． adv. 完全
4． vt. 对付
n. 把手，拉手
5． n. 部，系，局，部门6． n. 港口，海港
over fishing
ban
handle
department
altogether
port
7． adj.工业的→ n．工业
8． adj.农业的→ n．农业
9． n．化学物→ n．化学
→ n．化学家，药剂师
10． vt.讲演，演示→ n．介绍，赠送
11． vt.解决，处理→ n．答案，解决办法
agriculture
industrial
industry
chemical
agricultural
present
presentation
solve
chemistry
solution
chemist
12． vt.使污染→ n．污染
13． adj.有才智的；理解力强的→
n．智力，理解力
14． adj.有活力的→ n．精力，活力
15． n．发现→ v．发现
pollute
intelligent
intelligence
energetic
energy
pollution
discovery
discover
16． vt.教育→ n．教育→
adj.有教育意义的
17． vt.吸引→ n．吸引人之物
→ adj.诱人的
18． v．测量→ n．测量；(某物
的)尺寸
19． n．长度→ adj.长的→ v．
(使)变长；延长
educate
education
educational
attract
attraction
attractive
measure
measurement
length
long
lengthen
B．词义配对
20．up to date a．an amount of money that is taken
off the usual cost of sth.
21．discount b．a large sea fish with very sharp
teeth and a pointed fin on its back
22．trick c．modern; fashionable
23．melt d．a clever action that sb./sth.performs
as a way of entertaining people
24．shark e．to become or make sth.become
liquid as a result of heating
答案：20～24 cadeb
1.ban
(1)vt.禁止
①The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
②Smoking in public places will be banned from January lst,
2011.
从2011年1月1日起，公共场所将严禁吸烟。
③He has been driving for half a year for
drinking.
他因喝酒已被禁止驾驶半年。
[点津] ban的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为：
banned, banned; banning。
(2)n.禁令
banned from
④There is smoking in the theatre.
该剧院禁止吸烟。
⑤The government put a ban on eating wild animals.
政府下令禁止吃野生动物。
a ban on
2.solution n．答案，解决办法
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)The solution to the problem required many hours.
解决这个问题需要好几个小时。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
a solution to ... ……的解决方法
find / seek a solution 寻找解决的方法
solve vt. 解决
①What is the solution to the radiation found in the
vegetables
解决蔬菜里发现的放射性物质的办法是什么？
[点津] solution的用法类似于answer、key，后面接介词to，
表示“……的解决方法”。
②It may take a long time to the problem.
也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。
③The little boy helped his father the mystery.
小男孩帮他的父亲解开了谜团。
find a solution to
to solve
3.present
(教材原句)How will you present your project
你将如何演示你的计划？
(1)vt. 讲演，演示；授予；赠送；介绍；引见
present sth.to sb. 向某人提交某物
present sb.with sth.＝ present sth.to sb.
给某人颁奖，向某人赠送某物
present sb.to sb. 向某人介绍/引见某人
①After making careful preparations, I presented the report to the manager.
详细准备之后，我把报告交给了经理。
②On his retirement, colleagues him a set of golf clubs.
在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆。
③Allow me Mr. Brown you.
请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。
presented
with
To present
to
(2)n.礼物；赠品；现在；目前
④We gave him a present, but he wouldn't accept it.
我们给他一件礼物，但他不肯接受。
at present 现在；目前
for the present 暂时
⑤He is away on his holidays.
目前他去休假了。
at present
(3)adj.在场的，出席的；现在的，目前的
⑥Something must be done about the present situation.
关于目前的状况必须采取某种措施。
⑦People present at the meeting were in favor of the plan.
出席会议的人们都赞成这个计划。
[点津] present意为“在场的，出席的”时，作定语时
后置；意为“现在的，目前的”时，作定语时前置。
4.attract vt.吸引，引起(反应)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Jim was attracted by the Italian girl at the party.
晚会上，吉姆被那位意大利女孩吸引住了。
(鲜活例句)The salesman banged a drum to attract a crowd.
那个推销员击鼓以吸引人群。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
attract sb.to ... 把某人吸引到……
attract one's attention (＝attract the attention of sb.)
吸引某人的注意力
①What I said didn't attract his attention.
我所说的话没有引起他的注意。
attraction n． 吸引(力)，有吸引力的人或物
attractive adj. 有吸引力的，引人注意的
②Shanghai Disneyland Park which began to be built on April 8, 2011 will be a great attraction to tourists.
于2011年4月8日动工的上海迪斯尼乐园将对游客有很大的吸引力。
5.trick
(教材原句)I think it's cruel to make them do tricks.
我认为让它们做这些把戏太残忍了。
(1)n.戏法，把戏
①Liu Qian, a young magician from Taiwan, performed
many tricks for the audience.
台湾年轻魔术师刘谦为观众表演了许多戏法。
②We them and they fell right into it.
我们设了个圈套，他们就正好中计了。
played a trick on
(2)vt.欺骗，诈骗
trick sb. into (doing) sth. 骗某人(做)某事
trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
③At last he found he was tricked into signing the
contract.
最后他发现他被骗签了合同。
6.discount n．折扣，减价
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Special discount before the 22nd so the sooner the
better!
22日前特价，所以越早订票越好！
(鲜活例句)Customers are allowed a discount on orders over ￡500.
订单超过500英镑的顾客可以享受优惠。
(鲜活例句)We can give you a small discount if you want to buy it.
如果你想买，我们可以给你打个折扣。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①These goods will be sold at a discount of 30 percent.
这些货物将打七折出售。
②They are offering a 10% discount on all sofas this month.
他们本月给沙发售价统统打九折。
at a discount 打折扣
get / give / offer a discount 得到/给予/提供折扣
discount prices 折扣价
[点津] discount原意为“不计算(在内)”，因而指某物减价
出售时所减去的百分比。也就是说，中文说九折，英文是
10% discount；中文说八折，英文是20% discount。
7.measure
(教材原句)Bigger dolphins can measure four metres in
length but common dolphins are usually less than two
metres long.
大一些的海豚可达4米长，但一般的海豚通常不到两米长。
(1)vi & vt.度量(大小、长短等)，测量
①Success isn't measured by how much money you have.
成功不是由你拥有多少钱来衡量的。
②The classroom measures about 10 meters by 8 meters.
教室大约是10米长8米宽。
(2)n.尺寸；措施；方法
take sb.'s / sth.'s measure / take the measure of sb./sth.
给某人/某物量尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ... to one's measure 按照某人的尺寸做
③The government the farmers to sell vegetables.
政府已采取措施帮助农民卖菜。
④I made a coat to my own measure.
我按照自己的尺寸做了一件外套。
has taken measures to help
1．deal 处理
2．be responsible (doing) sth. 对(做)某事负责
3．make a 谋生
4． two hours 每两小时
5．watch 注意，当心，小心
6．on the one hand ... the other hand ...
一方面……另一方面……
7． length 在长度方面
with
living
for
every
out
on
in
1.deal with处理，安排；对付；与……做买卖；论述，涉及
(教材原句)How can we deal with this problem
我们怎样才能处理这个问题呢？
观察下列各句，并写出deal with在句中的含义。
①We should deal with every case on its merits.
处理
②Be careful. She is very difficult to deal with.
③These ideas are dealt with more fully in Chapter Four.
④We've been dealing with Mr Wang for many years.
[点津] how 通常与deal with连用；what 通常与do with连用。
对付
论述
与……做买卖
2.make a living谋生
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)They also try to help people to get other kinds of
jobs so there are less people trying to make a living from
fishing.
他们也正在努力帮助人们找到其他工作，因此就会有较少
的人以捕鱼为生。
(鲜活例句)How can people make a living in this cold area
在这片寒冷的地方人们是怎么谋生的？
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①He makes a living by painting after graduation.
毕业后，他靠画画谋生。
②Her dream is to make a living as a singer.
她的梦想是当歌手谋生。
③It is easier in the city.
在都市中谋生比较容易。
to earn a living
3.every two hours每两小时
(教材原句)There are fantastic shows every two hours.
每两小时就有精彩的表演。
(1)every＋基数词＋复数名词＝every＋序数词＋单数名词，
作“每(多少)”讲。every three days 每三天或每隔两天，
相当于every third day.
①She waters the flowers every two days to keep it grow well.
她每两天给花浇一次水，以便它们长得好。
②The bus goes and it's convenient for you to go to the city.
每10分钟有一辆公共汽车，方便你进城。
(2)every＋序数词＋单数名词，意为“每……第……”。
③He comes to see his uncle every third Sunday every month.
他每月第三个星期天来看他的叔叔。
every 10 minutes
(3)every other＋单数名词，意思是“每隔一……”。
④He goes to town to buy things.
他每隔一天进一次城买东西。
(4)every few＋复数名词，意思是“每隔几……”。
⑤He stopped and turned around every few metres.
他每走几米就停下来向四周看一看。
every other day
4.watch out(相当于look out)注意
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Watch out! There is a car coming!
小心，有车！
(鲜活例句)But watch out that you don't get her into trouble.
当心，别让她惹上麻烦。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
watch out for 留心，留意，密切关注
watch over 看守；照顾
watch for 等待；留意，当心
①Watch out for cars when you cross the road.
过马路时当心车辆！
②She is her sick child day and night.
她在日夜照料自己生病的孩子。
watching over
5.on the one hand ... on the other (hand) ...一方面……另一方
面……(引出不同的，尤其是对立的观点、思想等)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)On the one hand, we loved most of the attractions,
especially the one for the children.On the other hand, I didn't
think that the café was as good as it should be.
一方面，我们喜欢大部分景点，特别是为孩子设置的地方。
另一方面，我认为这个小餐馆不那么好。
(鲜活例句)On the one hand I want to go to Sanya for a holiday, but on the other hand I have no time.
一方面我想去三亚度假，另一方面我又没有时间。
(鲜活例句)On the one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
for one thing ..., (and) for another ...
一来……，二来……(常被用来列举一些理由)
first(ly) ...second(ly) ... 第一……第二……
—Why don't you get a car
—Well, , I can't drive！ , I don't have enough money.
——你为什么不买辆汽车呢？
——啊！首先，我不会开车，其次，我钱不够。
for one thing
For another
1．[句型展示] It's three times as big underwater.
它的水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
[典例背诵]
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
2．[句型展示] You certainly won't find a noisier fish.
你肯定找不到比这还要吵闹的鱼了。
[典例背诵]
How well Song Zuying sings! I've never heard a better voice.
宋祖英唱得多好啊！这是我听到过的最美的歌声。
1．It's three times as big underwater.
它的水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
three times as big为倍数表达法。倍数表达法的常见形式为：
(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as ...
①Sound travels nearly five times as fast in the water as in
the air.
声音在水中的传播速度差不多是在空气中传播速度的五倍。
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than ...
②The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the
Pearl River.
长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
(3)倍数＋the size / weight / height / width / length / depth ...
＋of ...
③The size of the newly broadened square is four times
that of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。
five times the depth of
twice as much money as
2．You certainly won't find a noisier fish.
你肯定找不到比这还要吵闹的鱼了。
比较级用在否定句中，表达最高级或者“再也不
能……”之意。
①I have never met a stronger man than him.
他是我遇到的人中最强壮的。
②Nobody can do the work better than he did.
这项工作他做得最出色。
③I am too tired! I cannot walk a step farther.
我太累了！我一步也走不动了。
1．“形容词(副词)比较级＋than＋ ...”表示两者中的一方
比另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子，也可接
名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、
v. ing结构和v. ed结构。
The street is narrower than that one.
这条街比那条街窄一些。
2．如要表示“……不如……”用“less＋原级＋than”结构。
He is less handsome than his brother.
他不如他哥哥长得帅。
3．表示“两人/物之间比较……的”，用“the＋比较级＋
of＋the＋名词或代词”结构。
The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the
east of Ireland.
两个岛屿中较大的一个是英格兰，位于爱尔兰的东面。
4．不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变，用“比较级＋
and＋比较级”结构，译作“越来越……”。
Our city is now becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。
5．表示一方随另一方程度变化时，用“the＋比较级，
the＋比较级”结构。
The fatter he becomes, the less confident he will be.
他变得越胖，他就越没有自信。
6．“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”结构表否定意义，意
为“非……所能，……不能”。
That is more than I can tell you.
这是我不能告诉你的。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
我无法描述这城市的美。
7．用much, far, still, even, a lot, a bit, any, rather, a great
deal, by far等修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度，
放在比较级之前。
An electric bike can run a great deal faster than a bike.
电动车比自行车跑得快得多。
[考题印证1]
(2011·江西高考)—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why It's ______than the films I have ever seen.
A．far more interesting
B．much less interesting
C．no more interesting
D．any less interesting
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：“我得说，这部电影没趣。”“为什么呀？(我觉得)比我曾看过的电影有趣得多了。”not a bit“一点儿都不”。根据句中的 than
可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，而interesting 为多音节形容词，其比较级是在前面加more，如表示程度，则在 more前加 far。
答案：A
8．表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，用“as＋
形容词/副词原级＋as”的形式；表示双方不相等时，用
“not so / as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”的结构形式。
His bedroom is not as neat as his sisters.
他的卧室没有他姐姐们的整洁。
[考题印证2]
(2012·新课标全国卷)This restaurant wasn't ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A．half as good as B．as half good as
C．as good as half D．good as half as
解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。
答案：A
9．三者或三者以上相比较，表示最高程度时，用“the＋形容
词的最高级”的结构形式；若表示“最不……”，则用
“the＋least＋形容词原级”的结构形式。这两种句式中一般
有表示比较范围的介词短语in / of ...。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河。
10．表示“几倍于……”时，用“倍数＋as ... as”来表示，亦
可用“倍数＋比较级＋than ...”或“倍数＋the＋n.(size /
weight / height / width / length ...)＋of ...”表示。
This kind of plane flies twice as fast as that kind.
这种飞机的飞行速度是那种飞机的两倍快。
Our classroom is three times larger than yours.
我们的教室是你们教室的三倍大。
The newly broadened highway is five times the length of the
previous one.
新扩建的高速路是未扩建时的五倍长。
[考题印证3]
(2011·陕西高考)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A．as three times big as
B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times
D．as big three times as
解析：考查倍数表达法。英语中常见的表达倍数的句型
有：①... times＋as ＋adj./adv. (原级)＋as ...; ②... times＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than ... ; ③... times＋the length / width / ...＋of ...。故B项符合。
答案：B(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop & Culture Corner
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 8 Adventure
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
写作讲座
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
1． n．运输，运送→ n．运输；
客运，货运
2． vt.观察，观测→ n．注意，观察
3． n．幸存，残存，生存→ v．生存下
来，幸存
4． vt.联系→ n．联合，联系
transportation
observe
transport
survival
associate
observation
survive
association
5． n．影响→ adj.有影响的，有势
力的
6． n．边界，限度→ adj.有限的→
adj.无限的
7． n．不利，不利条件→ n．
有利，有利条件
influence
limited
limit
disadvantage
unlimited
influential
advantage
1.observe
(教材原句)Air conditioned vehicles for observing animals.
可供观察动物的空调车。
(1)vi. 观察，观测；注意到
observe sth./ sb./ that ... 看到……
observe sb./ sth. do sth. 看见某人做某事的全过程
observe sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
①He observed someone open the door.
他看见有人开门。
②She a man on the opposite side of the way.
她看到一个人正在路那边走着。
[点津] observe作“观察，注意到”讲时，是个感官动词，后面跟不定式作宾补时，要省略to，在被动语态中，要加上to。
③The woman was observed him closely.
有人看到那女子紧跟着他。
observed
walking
to follow
(2)vt.奉行，遵守；庆祝
④As students, we should observe the rules and regulations
of our school.
作为学生，我们应该遵守学校的规章制度。
⑤Do you observe Christmas in your country
你们国家过圣诞节吗？
observation n． 注意，观察
observer n. 注意者，观察者
2.disadvantage n．不利，不利条件
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car.
不会开汽车是不利的。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)disadvantage of / to sth. 某物的不利条件
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
(2)advantage n． 有利条件，有利因素，优势，优点
have the advantage of 比(某人)强；胜过；优于
take advantage of 巧妙利用(机会等)
①His bad health is a great disadvantage to him.
身体不好对他极为不利。
②Don't lend them the car — they're
you.
不要把汽车借给他们——他们在利用你。
3.shelter
(教材原句)We'll teach you survival skills and you'll learn
how to make a fire and build your own shelter.
我们会教你生存的技能，而你会学到怎样生火、怎样构筑
你自己的栖身之处。
taking advantage of
(1)n.遮蔽，庇护所，避难所
①Rescuers built shelters for survivors whose homes
had been destroyed.
救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
take shelter from 躲避……
find / seek shelter from 寻找地方躲避……
run for shelter 急忙找躲避处
give sb. shelter 庇护某人
②It's so hot, and we'd better find a tree to
the sun.
太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
③It rained suddenly, and all people ran for shelter.
天突然下起雨来，所有人都急忙找地方避雨。
(2)vt.& vi.保护，掩蔽，躲避(风雨或危险)
take shelter from
shelter sb./ sth. from 保护某人/某物以避免……
shelter from sth. 躲避某物
④We the rain in a doorway.
我们在一处门廊里避雨。
sheltered from
4.limit
(1)n.边界，限度
①There is a limit to the amount of money I can afford.
我能付得起的钱数是有限的。
②Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.
生命有限，知识无涯。
beyond / over the limit 超过限度
within limits 在一定范围内
set a limit on / to ... 设定……的限度
over the limit
are limited to
1．agree 决定，达成共识
2．be associated ... 与……有联系
3．have a huge influence ... 对……有巨大的影响
4．be popular ... 受……的欢迎
5． records 详细记载
6． particular 尤其，特别
7．pass 穿过，通过，经历
with
in
detailed
on
through
on
with
1.agree on商定；决定；达成共识
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Then, in pairs, talk to each other about the
holidays and agree on a choice.
然后，两人一组，相互谈论一下各自的假期，并在某个选
择上达成一致共识。
(鲜活例句)The two sides have agreed on all the terms at last.
最终，双方就所有条款达成了一致意见。
(鲜活例句)We couldn't agree on a date for the party for various reasons.
由于种种原因，我们未能约定聚会日期。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 agree on, agree to, agree with
agree on 指双方在某一问题上达成一致协议(主语多为人)
agree with 作“同意”解时，后跟sb., mind, view, thought, idea或what从句作宾语，常用于短语agree with sb.on / about sth.；另外agree with也有“与……相一致；适合”的意思
agree to 通常指“同意”某种建议、计划、决定、安排等(后接名词)；还可表示“同意做某事”
用agree on, agree to或agree with填空
①I what you said at the meeting.
②He help us tomorrow after talking it over with his wife.
③They finally the contract and promised not to back out.
agree with
agreed on
agreed to
2.be associated with 与……有关，与……有瓜葛
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句) ...today one area in particular is associated most
closely with the name of the Silk Road.
……但是在今天，有一个地区与丝绸之路这个名字联系尤
为密切。
(鲜活例句)He promised he wasn't associated with the plan.
他保证他和这个计划没有任何关系。
(鲜活例句)Associated with the scandal, the superstar lost his fans' support.
和丑闻有瓜葛，这位超级明星失去了粉丝们的支持。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
associate with ... 与……交往
in association with ... 与……联手
I don't want to associate myself with them any more.
我不愿再和他们交往了。
3.pass through
(教材原句)Goods were traded from market to market
passing through many hands before they reached their final
destinations.
货物被从一个市场贩卖到另一个市场，经过多次转手才最终
到达目的地。
(1)经过，穿过，通过
①We were passing through, so we thought we'd come and
say hello.
我们路过此地，所以想来问候一声。
(2)经历(一段时间)
②It has several stages in its development.
它已经经历了几个发展阶段。
passed through
pass away 去世；消失；消磨(时间)
pass by 走过，经过；(时间)过去；
(机会)错过，忽视
pass down (将某物)从一代传到下一代
pass on 传递，去世，通过
③It is said the old man peacefully this morning.
据说老人今天早上安详地过世了。
④A car slowly passed by the front of the house.
一辆汽车慢慢从屋子前面开过去了。
passed away
[句型展示] What does he think is the key to a successful exploration trip
他认为成功的探险旅行的关键是什么？
[典例背诵]
Who do you think destroyed peace
你认为谁破坏了和平？
What does he think is the key to a successful exploration trip
他认为成功的探险旅行的关键是什么？
(1)该句式是英语中常见的句式被称为双重疑问句。该句式常
用来询问对方或第三方的想法或意见。句式中does he think
可看作插入语，由于插入语已经采用了一般疑问句的语序，
故它后面的部分用陈述语序。
(2)此类插入语常用的有：do you believe / suppose / expect / know / suggest等。
①Who do you think will win the game
你认为谁会赢得这场比赛？
②Who do you think
你认为他在等谁？
③When do you expect the meeting is to be held
你估计会议何时召开？
he is waiting for
假设有外国友人到你校参观后准备去旅游。请根据要点向他们简单介绍万泉河(Wanquan River)。
1．万泉河是海南岛第三大河，发源于五指山(the Five finger Mountain)，全长163公里，流入南海；
2．它是海南著名的旅游胜地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光；
3．乘汽车去大约要花半个小时；也可以走路或骑自行车去；
4．可以在河上泛舟戏水，欣赏两岸秀丽的风光。
注意：1.词数：100左右
2．请不要逐字翻译。
Welcome to Wanquan River
①Wanquan River, which is 163 kilometres, is the third longest river in Hainan. ②It begins in the Five finger Mountain and enters the South China Sea. ③It is so famous that every year thousands of Chinese and foreign friends pay a visit to it. ④It's not far from here. ⑤It takes you about half an hour to get there by bus. ⑥You can also go there on foot or by bike.
⑦While you are visiting the river, you can go boating on the clear water and enjoy the beautiful view along the banks. ⑧It's really a nice place and well worth visiting.
⑨All are welcome！
标题：吸引读者的注意。
第①、②句介绍万泉河的情况；
第③句介绍万泉河游客的情况；
第④、⑤、⑥句介绍到万泉河交通便利；
第⑦、⑧句介绍游览万泉河时可以进行的活动。
(1)句①中用了一个which引导的非限制性定语从句；
(2)句③用了so ...that引导的结果状语从句；
(3)文章使用了it takes you about ...(句⑤); you can also go
there ...(句⑥); you can go boating(句⑦)等表达建议的句
子，很好地展现了写作意图。
宣传手册属于应用文，目的是对宣传的内容进行简述，以便说服读者接受所宣传的内容。
首先，给出一句简洁、清楚又切中主题的话，以便在第一时间引起读者的兴趣，使他们对所宣传的事物做进一步了解。
然后，给出被宣传事物大致的、最主要的信息。比如，找工作要推荐自己、宣传自己，在这一块可以简要介绍自己的学历和曾有的工作经历。
接下来，叙述被宣传事物的主要特点。还以申请工作为例，在这里可以介绍自己有什么技能和特长。
最后，要强调一下被宣传事物与其他同类事物的不同之处和独特之处。仍以找工作为例，可以宣传个人异于其他人的强项，比如，会说流利的英语，有丰富的工作经验等。这样，一篇目的明确、内容清晰、结构紧凑、层次分明的宣传材料就成型了。
[黄金表达]
1．Welcome to .../The best adventure holiday you'll ever have!
2．...is located in .../stands in the centre of ...
3．...covers an area of ...square kilometers.
4．...is the paradise of ...
5．You can experience/enjoy ...here.
6．We'll teach you ...skills and you'll learn how to ...
7．...is the best place for you to ...
8．For further information, please call us on ...(共37张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop & Culture Corner
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 7 The Sea
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
写作讲座
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
1． : connected with a particular place or area
2． ：to have or express a different opinion from
someone else
3． : a building for sports
4． : someone who works on a ship
5． : discussion or argument on a subject
local
stadium
disagree
sailor
debate
6． : the act of protecting or state of being
protected
7． : to succeed in doing sth. difficult
8． : to or at whatever place, position or situation
9． ：the power that is usually used in modern
buildings to provide light and to make
machines work
10． : a tall pole on which the sails or flags on a ship
are hung
protection
wherever
manage
mast
electricity
1.disagree
(教材原句)Read each other's report and see if you agree or
disagree with them.
阅读下面每个人的报告，看一下你同意还是反对他们的意见。
(1)vi.意见不一致，意见不合
①Bill and I often disagree but we're good friends.
比尔和我常闹意见，但我们还是好朋友。
disagreeing about
(2)vi.(气候、食物等)不适合
④To my disappointment, the food here disagrees with me.
令我失望的是，这里的食物不适合我。
(3)vi.(指说法、报道等)不一致
⑤The reports from TV those from the
Internet.
电视上的报道与互联网上的不一样。
disagree with
disagreeable adj. 不合意的；难相处的
disagreement n. 意见不一致，不同之处
2.debate
(教材原句)Prepare for and take part in a debate.
准备并参加一次辩论。
(1)n.辩论，争论
①Using food crops to make fuel was a major point of
debate.
使用食品稻谷来制造能源仍然是争论的焦点。
open to debate ＝ a matter for debate 尚待讨论
under debate 在讨论中
a debate on / over / about ... 关于……的争论
②Exactly what is a “reasonable” price is a matter for debate.
合理的价格到底是什么是个有待讨论的问题。
③Do you know what topics are under debate this week
你知道这个星期的辩论话题是什么？
(2)vt.&vi.争论，辩论
debate with sb. 与某人争论/辩论
debate whether to do sth. 盘算是否做某事
④I don't want to debate with you about this issue.
我不想就此问题与你辩论。
⑤We are debating whether or not to go skiing this winter.
我们盘算着今年冬天是否去滑雪。
①The American army managed to kill Bin Laden on May 2,2011.
美国军方设法于2011年5月2日击毙了本·拉登。
②She herself understood in English.
她设法用英语表达清楚了自己的意思。
(2)vi.经营，管理
③She managed a clothes shop in the city centre two
years ago.
两年前，她在市中心开了一家服装店。
managed to make
比较 try to do sth., manage to do sth.
try to do sth. 强调努力做某事的过程，不强调结果
manage to do sth. 强调结果，设法做成某事
用manage或try填空
④To live a healthy life, should to eat more fruit.
为了健康生活，你应该多吃水果。
⑤We to get to the airport in time.
我们设法及时赶到了机场。
try
managed
1．be 赞成，支持
2．be 反对
3． one's opinion 据某人看来；依某人的意见
4． the coast 在沿海地区
5．in addition ... 除……之外(还有……)
6． board 到船上，在船上；上火车或飞机等
for
against
in
on
on
to
in addition to除……之外(还有……)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)In addition to the supplies for the long journeys ...
除了长途旅行的生活必需品外……
(鲜活例句)In addition to English, he knows Japanese.
除了英语之外，他还懂日语。
(鲜活例句)In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 in addition, in addition to
in addition 是一介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于两个句子中间或位于句末
in addition to 是一短语介词，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当于as well as和besides
用in addition或in addition to填空
①There are many shops around the railway station. , there are some newly built hotels there.
火车站附近有很多商店，此外，还有一些新建的旅馆。
②We'll order some extra corn our sixty pounds.
除了我们的60磅以外，我们还将额外订购一些谷物。
In addition
in addition to
[句型展示] When he died in 1435, the stories of his travels made him one of China's most famous sailors.
当他于1435年去世时，他的旅行故事使他成为中国最著名的水手之一。
[典例背诵]
The news that he was admitted to Beijing University made his parents very happy.
他被北京大学录取的消息使他的父母很高兴。
When he died in 1435, the stories of his travels made him one of China's most famous sailors.
当他于1435年去世时，他的旅行故事使他成为中国最著名的水手之一。
本句中使用了make＋宾语(n./pron.)＋宾语补足语(n./do/ done/ adj.)“使某人/某物……”。
①We made Tom monitor of our class.
我们选汤姆作我们的班长。
②Nothing will make me change my mind.
什么也改变不了我的主意。
③He tried to make himself .
他尽量使自己的话被别人听明白。
④He to understand how computers work.
他使得电脑如何工作很容易理解。
[点津] make sb. do sth.中的do为不带“to”的不定式，但在被动语态中，不定式前面要加“to”。
⑤He was made to work for twelve hours every day.
他每天被迫工作12个小时。
understood
makes it easy
下面的饼状图(pie chart)显示了你对你校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。请你用英语给English Weekly写一篇短文，报道你的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法或建议。词数120左右。
①A recent study shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.②From the pie chart, we can see 53% of the students like sports, so doing sports is the most popular activity in our school.③The second popular activity for students is surfing the Internet and 36% of the students have interest in it.④Only a few students，about 8 percent of them, take reading as a hobby.⑤And even fewer are fond of playing musical instruments.
⑥In my point of view, our school should have more sports facilities built to satisfy the need of the students.⑦Guidance should be given to students on surfing the Internet and ways must be found to arouse students' interests in reading and music.
第一段介绍了对学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。
第二段提出了作者对此调查结果的观点和看法。
①句中使用了what引导的宾语从句；②句中使用了动名词(doing sports)作主语；⑤句中be fond of意为“对……感兴趣；喜欢……”与be interested in可互换；⑥句中in my point of view是表达个人观点的固定短语，开启全段，既可衔接上下文，又使自己的观点更鲜明，比I think精彩；⑥句中have ...
built是have sth.done句型的运用，意为“完成某事”，这个动作是由别人而非主语来完成的。
调查报告是为一个主题或问题下定义，收集相关资料和事实，以便尽量做到完整和精确的表达。一份报告应该包括分析、判断、结论和建议。报告应简洁、易懂、准确，逻辑性强，描述性强，针对性强。用于说明、阐述某个事物、某种观点，以说服读者。
一般来说，一份调查报告包括以下四个部分：
1．简介——调查报告具有针对性，因此在首段就应明确
报告的主题和目的；
2．方法——调查报告具有客观性，因此客观的数据来源
必不可少；
3．结果——调查报告具有写实性，因此要描述调查结果；
4．总结——总结全文的主要观点，进一步深化主题。
[黄金表达]
1．purposes of ..., one's attitude towards ..., collect,
apply ...to ..., have no idea, combine ...and ...
2．The report is about ...
It examines ...
not only ...but also ...
It has been found that ...
It is designed to ...
It seems that ...(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop & Culture Corner
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 9 Wheels
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
写作讲座
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
A．词汇拓展
1． adj.时常发生的→ adv.时常，经常
→ n．频繁；频率
2． vt.发明，创造→ n．发明，创造
3． n．生产；产品→ vt.生产
4． adj.实践的，实际的→
v．实践，实习，练习
practical
frequency
frequent
invent
production
frequently
invention
produce
practise / practice
B．词义配对
5．plus a．a passage that has been dug under the
ground for cars, trains etc. to go through
6．damage b．a place where two lines, roads, tracks
etc.cross
7．fare c．the price you pay to travel by bus, train,
plane etc.
8．crossing d．to cause physical harm to something
or to part of someone's body
9．tunnel e．used when one number or amount is
added to another
答案：5.e 6.d 7.c 8.b 9.a
1．damage
(教材原句)A report last year also showed that air pollution from traffic is increasing and the old buildings in the town are getting destroyed and damaged.
去年的一份报告也显示，车辆造成的空气污染正在加剧，该镇的古建筑正在遭到破坏和损毁。
(1)vi.损害，损失
①Many buildings were damaged in Wenchuan earthquake,
causing great losses.
许多建筑物在汶川地震中损坏了，造成了很大的损失。
(2)n.损害，损失
do / cause damage to ... 对……造成损害
②The storm did / caused great damage the crops.
暴风雨对农作物造成了极大的损害。
to
比较 damage, destroy, ruin
damage 既可作动词也可作名词，指“损坏”，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益降低，这种损坏是部分性的，或可以修好的。也可指身体、声誉的损坏
destroy 意为“破坏，摧毁，消灭，毁灭”，强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉。也可指抽象的事情，如希望、计划等被打破
ruin 多用于借喻之中，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度，含有在一定过程中逐渐毁掉的意思
用damage, destroy或ruin填空
③Some bricks of the Great Wall are after being exposed to the weather for ages.
④His hope of being a writer was .
⑤The accident did a lot of to his car.
2．nowhere adv.无处，任何地方都不
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)There was nowhere to run，nowhere to hide.
没有地方逃跑，没有地方躲藏。
ruined
destroyed
damage
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
nowhere else 没有别的地方
nowhere near 远远没有，远不，远不及
get nowhere (使)无进展，(使)不成功
①She'd looked everywhere for her glasses, but they were nowhere to be found.
她四处找她的眼镜，但哪儿也找不到。
② in the world can a tourist find cheaper clothing than in Hong Kong.
旅行者再也不能从世界上别的地方找到比香港更便宜的
衣服了。
[点津] nowhere置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
3．frequent adj.时常发生的，频繁的
(教材原句)Trains are regular and also there is a frequent service at weekends and at holiday times.
Nowhere else
frequently adv. 频繁地；经常
frequency n. 频率，频繁
③Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being fashionable.
那些频繁更换手机的人将为时髦付出昂贵代价。
4．fare n．票价，车费
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)The bus fares are also quite cheap.
公共汽车的票价也很便宜。
(鲜活例句)Air fares have shot up by 20% compared with last year.
同去年相比，飞机票价已猛涨了20%。
(鲜活例句)The advertisement says children under 4 travel half fare.
广告上说，4岁以下的儿童可半价旅行。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 fare, fee, tuition
fare 指的是公共汽车、轮船、计程车等的票价
fee 指付给医生、律师、私人教师或其他脑力劳动者的酬金，也可指入场劵、会费、报名费、租书费等
tuition 一般指学费
用fare, fee或tuition填空
①It's wrong to travel by bus without paying your .
②The membership is $5 per term and you can apply in person.
③When I started college, was $500 a quarter.
fare
fee
tuition
1．close (工厂等)倒闭；停业
2． a suggestion 提一项建议
3．pass 经过；通过
4．more 不仅仅；多于
5． conclusion 最后，总之
6．look forward 盼望
7．base ... 以……为根据
make
in
down
on
through
on
than
1．close down(工厂等)倒闭，停业
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)The restaurant was forced to close down for a period.
该餐馆被迫停业了一段时间。
(鲜活例句)The steelworks was closed down last year because of pollution.
因为污染问题，这家钢铁厂去年停业了。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
close off 隔绝，封锁
close up (商店)停业；(伤口)愈合；靠近
The entrance to the train station was closed off following the explosion.
爆炸发生后随即封锁了火车站的入口。
2．base ... on以……为根据，把……建立在……的基础上
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Some of the car companies, like Cadillac, based their designs on airplanes.
有些汽车公司，如卡迪拉克，是以飞机为蓝本来设计他们的汽车的。
(鲜活例句)To make your theory more persuasive, you should base your theory on the facts.
为了使你的理论更有说服力，你应当把你的理论建立在事实的基础上。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be based on 建立在……的基础上
base ... in 把……作为……的据点/总部
base n. 根基，基础，基地，总部
①After Shock, directed by Feng Xiaogang, is based on a novel written by Zhang Ling.
由冯小刚执导的(电影)《唐山大地震》是根据一部由张翎创作的小说改编的。
②The headquarters of the IOC Lausanne, Switzland.
国际奥委会总部设在瑞士洛桑。
are based in
[句型展示] Before 1908，when Ford's cars became available to the public, it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
[典例背诵]
It was Zhu Zhiwen that I met in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上见到的是朱之文。
Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
句中画线部分为强调句型，常用来强调句子中的主语、宾语或状语等部分。
(1)强调结构：It is / was＋所强调的句子成分＋that / who ...如
果强调的是人，则既可用that，也可用who引导。
①It was the old man who / that I met in the park.
我在公园里遇到的就是这位老人。
(2)强调结构的一般疑问句形式是：It / Was it ... that / who ...？
强调句的特殊疑问句形式是：When / Where / Who / ... is /
was it that ...
②Is it Mr. Li that / who teaches you English
是李老师教你们英语的吗？
③Where was it that you first met him
你是在什么地方与他第一次见面的？
(3)对not ... until结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，须用It is / was not until ... that ...这一固定句型。that从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。
④ the game had begun that he arrived.
直到比赛开始他才来。
[助记]
口诀巧记强调句型
强调结构并不难，that总是在中间。
除了谓语不强调，主宾表状都在编；
not until必考题，否定强调把你难。
It was not until
假设你是校报的记者李明，五一黄金周期间作了一次市场调查。基于调查后所列的图表和文字记录，写一篇报道投给校英语报，简要描述我国私人轿车的增长情况以及可能会带来的影响，并提出解决措施。
出行方便快捷；有助于汽车工业的发展；污染空气；交通事故增多
注意：词数120左右。开头已给出。
To: The School Newspaper
From: Li Ming
Date: 01.05.04
Subject: Development
of private cars
In recent years the
number of private cars
has been increasing rapidly in our
country.______________________________________
_________________________________________________
To: The School Newspaper
From: Li Ming
Date: 01.05.04
Subject: Development of private cars
In recent years the number of private cars has been increasing rapidly in our country.①In 1990, there were about one million private cars. ②As time went on, the number of private cars went up to 5 million in 1999, and there were more than 10 million private cars in 2009.
③On one hand, it is very convenient to go to any place if we have a car. ④Besides, the increase of the number of private cars can help car industry to develop faster.
⑤However, more cars may cause traffic accidents and more air pollution. ⑥What's more, waste gases from cars can do great harm to our health.
⑦It's high time that people should pay enough attention to these problems and the government should take strict measures to deal with the related matters.
第一段总体描述，提出问题。
第二段简述了私家车发展带来的优点。
第三段则对比分析了其带来的相关问题。
最后一段得出结论，提出建议。
②句中的时间状语从句as time went on用得很地道。
③句中的on one hand、④句中的besides、⑤句中的however和⑥句中的what's more起到了很好的过渡作用，使行文流畅，层次清楚。
⑦句中的高级句式It's high time that ...用得恰到好处。
报告属于应用文的一种，一般由标题(接收人、报告人、时间、主题)和正文(概述、主体、结尾)两部分组成。
写报告时，可分为以下几个步骤：
1．填写好标题，准确的写出接收人、报告人，写报告的
时间及报告的主题；
2．简要概述写报告的目的或简单描述所报告的对象的基
本情况；
3．分别列举正反两方面的观点，可适当使用连词以使行
文连贯，此部分为报告的主要部分，应多倾注些笔墨；
4．提出自己的建议，结束全文。
[黄金表达]
1．The aim of this report is to ...
2．On the one hand, there are some / several good things /
advantages about ...
3．On the other hand, there are several problems /
disadvantages about ...
4．On the other hand, some things are not so good.
5．On the other hand, I find these things disappointing.
6．However, there are many things which could be improved.
7．In conclusion ... need to do something to ...(共68张PPT)
Section I Warm-up ＆Adventure Holidays
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 8 Adventure
Step
2
Step
3
Step
4
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
Step
1
1．How do you usually spend your holiday Have you
ever tried Horse Boarding
2．Do you know something about Horse Boarding Is it
dangerous
Please read the following passage to get the answer.
British thrill seekers were competing today in the new extreme sport of horse boarding, in which competitors are towed (拖) behind a horse on a skateboard at speeds of up to 35 mph.
Daniel Fowler Prime, a professional stuntman (特技演员), invented the sport five years ago after he fastened a rope between his skateboard and a horse when he and his friends were fooling around on a farm.
Described as a cross between surfing and wakeboarding (劲爆水上滑板), competitors stand on a skateboard while holding a rope and try to keep their balance as the horse is spurred (鞭策) into a gallop by its rider over rough ground.
Fowler Prime developed the stunt into a quite popular sport, opening the National Horse Boarding Training Centre in Seisdon, in central England. He even organized a championship, to be held this summer, which will see a race between two teams of one horse, one horse rider and one skateboarder.
“This is a fast, exciting team sport，” said Fowler Prime. “There's a fresh experience of natural power you wouldn't get from any other sport, and the speed is explosive. A lot of skill is included, and the horse rider and boarder have to work together because if they don't, the boarder goes flying.”
The ride can be quite bumpy (颠簸的). You have to be prepared to take a few knocks because falling off has been compared to getting out of a car at 30 mph. However, as Daniel puts it, the feeling of the experience of power and speed, is definitely worth a few broken bones.
Daredevil Fowler Prime previously worked as a stunt rider on films including“The Da Vinci Code，”“Kingdom of Heaven”and“Vanity Fair.”
(1)What are you going to do when you are free
(2)Look at the following pictures and match them with
their names.
I want to explore the desert.
①Climbing ②Surfing ③Safari ④Hiking
⑤White water rafting
答案：①E ②A ③C ④D ⑤B
Scan the text and choose the best answers.
(1)The guides in adventure 2000 are ________.
A．clever B．experienced
C．creative D．calm
(2)We have the travel in Tibet by ________.
A．bus B．train
C．subway D．ship
(3)The hike costs ________.
A．￡25,000 B．￡22,500
C．￡2,500 D．￡250
答案：(1)B (2)A (3)C
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
(1)Who do you think writes the text
A．the hiker
B．local government
C．the organizer of adventure 2000
D．the guide near the Himalayas
(2)Which of the following statements is true
A．If you attend a class A hike, you can climb on the top
of the Mount Himalayas.
B．You have to live in tents in Tibet.
C．Adventure 2000 is a travelling programme.
D．Climbing the Mount Himalayas is cold, so you'd
better go there in July.
(3)The main purpose of the passage is ________.
A．to make people know more about hiking
B．to tell people how to choose travelling programme
C．to call on people to attend Adventure 2000
D．to tell people Himalayan Adventure is exciting and
attractive
答案：(1)C (2)C (3)C
A．词汇拓展
1． n．奇遇，冒险的经历→ n．冒险家
2． adj.较严重的，较重要的→ n．大多数
3． adj.令人疲劳的→ adj.感到疲劳的
4． adj.可选择的，非强制的→ adv.可供选
择地→ n．选择权，选项
5． n．团体，组织，机构→ v．组织
adventure
adventurer
major
majority
tiring
optionally
tired
optional
option
organisation
organise
6． adj.不舒服的，不自在的→ adj.
舒服的，自在的→ n．舒服vt.安慰
7． adj.野生的；狂热的→ adv.野生地
8． vi.不同于，有区别→ adj.不同的
→ n．区别，差异
9． adj.忧虑的，担心的→ adv.忧虑地，担心
地→ n．忧虑，焦虑
10． n．住所，住处→ vt.为
……提供住处/工作场所
uncomfortable
comfortable
comfort
anxiously
wild
wildly
differ
different
difference
anxious
anxiety
accommodation
accommodate
B．根据英文释义和首字母提示写出下列单词
11． : the line far away where the land or sea seems to
meet the sky
12． : a way between two places that buses, planes,
ships etc., regularly travel
13． : the cases, bags, etc. that you carry when you
are travelling
14． : a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and
which you move along using a paddle
horizon
route
luggage
canoe
15． : the height of an object or place above the sea
16． : a long walk in the mountains or countryside
17． : a flat floating structure, usually made of pieces of
wood tied together, used as a boat
18． : more of something, in addition
19． : a large area of land where it is always hot and dry
20． : the way from one place to another, especially a way
that is regularly used and can be shown on a map
altitude
hike
raft
extra
desert
route
1.major adj.较重要的，较严重的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)The presenter went round the world visiting all
the major capitals.
这个节目主持人环游世界参观了世界上的主要首都。
(鲜活例句)Liverpool is a major British port.
利物浦是英国的一个重要港口。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
major vi. 主修，专攻 n. 主修课程；专业课
major in ... 主修……
majority n. 多数，大多数
①She majored in science in college. What was your major
在大学里，她主修科学。你主修什么课程？
②The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
2.wild adj.野生的；狂热的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)I've always loved wild animals and I'd love to
see them in their natural environment.
我一直喜欢野生动物，并且我愿意看到它们生活在自然
环境之中。
(鲜活例句)As we all know, the lions are wild animals.
众所周知，这些狮子是野生的。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
go wild (喜得或气得)发狂
be wild about 热衷于；对……极为狂热；狂热地迷恋
be wild with joy 欣喜若狂
①The crowd went wild as soon as Jackson stepped onto the stage.
杰克逊一走上舞台，人群就疯狂起来。
②My son is wild about racing cars.
我儿子对赛车如醉如痴。
③On hearing the news, I joy.
一听到消息，我就欣喜若狂起来。
was wild with
3.tiring adj.令人疲劳的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Yes, but I think that travelling around for weeks
would be quite tiring.
是的，但是我认为连续几周的旅行会非常疲劳。
(鲜活例句)The work was dirty, tiring, and not very well paid.
这种工作又脏又累，而且工资很低。
(鲜活例句)After the tiring race, he was thirsty for a glass of
cold water.
累人的赛跑结束后，他渴望喝杯凉水。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
tired adj. 疲劳的；累的
be tired of sb./ doing sth. 对……感到厌倦
be tired from / with 因……而疲倦
be tired out 筋疲力尽的
①I'm tired of doing the same thing all day.
我厌倦了整天做同样的事情。
②She very that long walk.
走了那么长的路，她很累。
is
tired with
4.accommodation n．住所，住处；(通常用复数表示)住宿，
留宿，膳宿供应
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Accommodation is in comfortable hotels in
Beijing and Lhasa, hostels on the hiking trip, and one or
two person tents for camping.
在北京和拉萨，食宿在舒适、方便的饭店；旅行途中住旅
店，宿营地则配有单双人帐篷。
(鲜活例句)Accommodation in Shanghai and Beijing is
expensive.
北京和上海的住房昂贵。
(鲜活例句)The price for the holiday includes flights and
accommodation.
度假的价格包括机票和住宿。
5.differ v．相异，有区别，不同于
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)How do the tourists differ from local people
游客与当地人们有什么区别呢？
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
differ from (＝ be different from) 与……不同
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb. on / about / over sth.
在……上与某人持不同意见
①Humans differ from other mammals in their ability to speak.
人与其他哺乳动物的不同之处在于人能说话。
②The two circles size but not in color.
这两个圆大小相异但颜色相同。
differ in
③The two lawyers each other how to present the case.
这两个律师在如何展现这个案件方面意见有分歧。
differed with
on
different adj. 不同的，差异的
difference n. 差异，差别
6.anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；渴望的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)From that moment they started to feel anxious
and they slept badly that night.
从那时起他们感觉焦虑不安，那晚也没睡好。
(鲜活例句)Don't be anxious if I'm late.
如果我回来得晚，不要担心。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
be anxious for / about ... 为……担心
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
①There is no reason to be anxious about the result.
没有理由为这结果而担心。
②He was anxious what had happened.
他急于知道出了什么事。
to know
(三)明辨易混失误防范
比较 anxious, eager
anxious 强调“担心，忧虑”，对结果感到不安
eager 强调对成功的渴望，含有积极的意义
用anxious或eager填空
③She is to go to college, but about not passing the entrance examination.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过考试。
eager
anxious
anxiously adv. 焦虑地，着急地
anxiety n. 挂念，担心
1．take 起飞
2．go 下沉，下降
3． the horizon 在地平线上
4． a shower 洗淋浴
5．think 考虑
6．right 就在此刻
7．differ 与……不同
off
on
now
have
about
from
down
1.take off起飞；脱去(衣服)；休假，休息
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)The plane is taking off; please fasten your
safety belts.
飞机就要起飞了，请系好安全带。
(鲜活例句)He took off his raincoat and took out the key.
他脱下雨衣，拿出钥匙。
(鲜活例句)He took two weeks off in August because of his son's sickness.
因为儿子的病，他在八月份休了两个星期假。
[点津] take off可用于进行时中表将来。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
take after 长得像，性格像
take in 理解，领会，明白；欺骗
take up 从事(某项工作)；占据
take over 接收，接管，接任
①Playing computer games nearly takes up all of his spare time.
玩电脑游戏几乎占去了他所有的业余时间。
②Alan the farm after his father died.
艾伦在父亲去世后接管了农场。
2.right now
(教材原句)Right now, I work for a group of Austrian hikers
who have all been here before.
目前我在为一群奥地利徒步旅行者工作，他们以前都来过这里。
took over
(1)就在此刻
①I'm sorry, but both of them are busy right now.
很抱歉，但是他们两个人现在都很忙。
②Right now I'm not interested in dating — I need to spend
some time alone.
此刻我对约会不感兴趣，我想独自一个人待一阵子。
(2)立刻，立即，马上
③He suggested we (should) set off .
他建议我们应该立刻出发。
right now
1．[句型展示] As well as the group guide, all teams have
cooks and porters.
除了导游外，所有的登山队都配有厨师和搬运工。
[典例背诵]
Jiang Wen directed as well as acted in the film Let the Bullets Fly.
姜文不但在电影《让子弹飞》中扮演角色而且还导演了这部电影。
2．[句型展示] While on a hiking trip, our cooks prepare
delicious meals.
在徒步旅行中，厨师会备好美味食品。
[典例背诵]
When in Rome, do as Romans do.
入乡随俗。
1．As well as the group guide, all teams have cooks and porters.
除了导游外，所有的登山队都配有厨师和搬运工。
as well as在本句中意为“除……外，还有”，它还有“同，
又，和，也”之意。其用法为：
(1)as well as用作连词时可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名
词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。
①They sell books as well as newspapers.
他们既卖报也卖书。
②It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.
冬天不好过，夏天也不好过。
③He publishes as well as prints his own books.
他的书是他自己印刷并且出版的。
[点津] as well as连接两个谓语动词时，它们的时态应保
持一致。
(2)as well as连接复合主语时，谓语动词的数根据最前面的名
词或代词来确定。
④Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.
海伦和我一样急于要看演出。
(3)as well as用作介词时，相当于besides或in addition to，意思
为“除……之外(还有)”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其
是位于句首时。
⑤As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.
他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
[点津] 表示“不但……而且……”时，as well as在意义上通
常强调前者，而not only ... but also ...在意义上则强调后者。
⑥He's got a car as well as a motorbike.
＝ He's got not only a motorbike but also a car.
他不但有一辆摩托车，而且有一辆小汽车。
2．While on a hiking trip, our cooks prepare delicious meals.
在徒步旅行中，厨师会备好美味食品。
while on a hiking trip为省略句，整个从句应为While (we
are) on a hiking trip。
在有些表时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的从句中，若
从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且谓语中含有be时，
常省略从句的主语和be。
①Look out for cars when crossing the street.
过街时注意车辆。
②While (I was) at college, I began to know him.
我在上大学时就认识他。
③If (it is) necessary, you can turn to my daughter for help.
如果有必要你可以向我女儿求助。
一、概述
在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，我们把它们称为
动作动词；有些动词表示状态，我们把这类动词叫做状
态动词。第一类动词可用于一般时态和进行时态，而第
二类动词一般不用于进行时态。
She is doing her homework now.
她现在在做作业。
We have an ancient vase which is worth a lot of money.
我们有个古老的花瓶，它值很多钱。
二、动作动词的分类与用法
动作动词可分为三类：
1．表示持续动作的动词，如eat, listen, read, run等。
She is watching football match.
她在看足球赛。
2．表示短暂动作的动词，如hit, jump等。这类动词一般用在
现在时中，表示一次性动作。表示短暂动作的动词通常不
用于进行时态中，如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动
作的多次重复或即将发生。
She jumped up onto the chair.
她跳到椅子上。
He was jumping up and down to keep warm.
他上下跳动来取暖。
The old man is dying.
老人生命垂危。
3．表示转变和移动的动词，如arrive, change, come, die,
go, leave等。这类动词用于一般时和进行时中，往往在意义上略有不同。
The train leaves at nine.
火车9点出发。
The train is leaving.
火车马上就要开了。
[考题印证1]
1－1(2012·新课标全国卷)“Life is like walking in the snow”，
Granny used to say, “because every step ________.”
A．has shown B．is showing
C．shows D．showed
解析：考查动词时态。一般现在时表示经常性的动作，
空白处所在句的句意：因为每一步都显示/证明出来。Show
意为“显示，证明，表明”。
答案：C
1－2(2012·浙江高考)According to scientists, our mental abilities
begin to ________ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest
level at 22.
A．differ B．shrink
C．fail D．decline
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：据科学家说，我们的思维能力
在22岁达到顶峰后，从27岁开始下降。decline“下降”，符
合题意。differ表示“与……不同”；shrink表示“收缩”；
fail表示“失败”，均与语境不符。
答案：D
三、状态动词的分类与用法
状态动词一般不用于进行时。状态动词可分为四类：
1．动词be(是)和动词have(有)。
That boy is 150 centimeters tall.
这个男孩150厘米高。
2．含有状态动词be和have的意义的动词，如：belong to,
contain, matter, own等。这类状态动词通常不可以用于
进行时。
That dictionary belongs to me.
那本字典是属于我的。
3．表示五官感觉的动词：hear, see, feel, taste, smell等。
The old man doesn't hear very well.
那位老人听觉不太好。
The meat tastes delicious.
这肉味道真好。
4．表示心理或情感状态的动词，如believe, consider, expect,
imagine, regret, remember等。这类动词通常也都不用于
进行时。
He does not believe in Howard's honesty.
他不相信霍华德为人真诚。
(不能说)He is not believing in Howard's honesty.
[点津] 有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。
He has two elder brothers and a younger sister.
他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。(状态)
He is having his breakfast.
他在吃早饭。(动作)
[考题印证2]
2－1(2010·四川高考)Some people eat with their eyes.They
prefer to order what ________ nice.
A．looks B．smells
C．feels D．tastes
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：有些人用眼选择东西吃，他
们喜欢点看起来好的菜。look为系动词，意为“看起来”。
smell“闻起来”；feel“感觉起来”；taste“尝起来”。
答案：A
2－2(2009·重庆高考)Professor Williams keeps telling his
students that the future ________ to the well educated.
A．belongs B．is belonged
C．is belonging D．will be belonged
解析：考查动词用法。belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被
动语态，而且也没有进行时形式，因此只有A项正确。
答案：A(共87张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Extreme Sports & Marco Polo
新课导学
自主探究
板块
语言点一单词集释板块
语言点二短语荟萃板块
语言点三句型解构板块
语法
讲座
课
时
跟
踪
检
测
Unit 8 Adventure
Step
2
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 .落实
识记 .掌握
理解 .拓展
应用 . 落实
知识必备
专题练习
Step
1
True (T) or False (F)．
(1)At the age of seventeen, Marco Polo travelled across Europe
and Asia on his own. ( )
(2)Marco was very young when he came to China, but he was
very clever and could speak four foreign languages. ( )
(3)The Emperor and Marco became friends. ( )
F
F
T
(4)Paper money was used both in Europe and China at
that time. ( )
(5)Marco had never seen coal before he came to
China. ( )
(6)Marco Polo wrote all his stories in his book The
Description of the World. ( )
F
T
F
A．Read the text carefully and number these events in the order that they happened.
________ Marco returned to Italy.
________ Marco Polo travelled across Europe and Asia with
his father.
________ Marco told all his stories to the prisoner.
________ Marco and his father came to China.
________ Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy.
答案：③ ① ⑤ ② ④
B．Fill in the blanks according to Lesson 3.
trade
ruled
cleverness
court
confused
beauty
paper
service
prison
dictation
1． adj.极度的，极端的→ adv.极端地，
非常地
2． n．相似性，类似性→ adj.类似的，
相似的→ adv.相似地，类似地
3． vt.冒……的危险→ adj.冒险的，有危险的
4． n．兴奋，激动→ v．使激动，使兴
奋→ adj.兴奋的，激动的→ adj.令人
兴奋的，令人激动的
extreme
extremely
similar
risk
similarity
similarly
risky
excitement
excite
excited
exciting
5． adj.不同的，各种各样的→ v．改变，使多
样化→ n．多样化
6． adj. 确切的，准确的→ adv.确切地，准确地
7． n．配备，设备→ vt.装配，配置→
adj.装配好的
8． n．较喜欢的东西，偏爱→ vt.比较喜欢
9． n．皇帝→ n．帝国
10． vt.使惊愕→ n．惊愕，惊讶
→ adj.令人惊异的→ adj.感到惊奇的
various
exactly
variety
vary
equipment
exact
preference
prefer
emperor
equip
empire
equipped
amaze
amazement
amazing
amazed
11． n．口述，听写→ v．口述，听写；命令
12． n．陈述→ v．陈述；说明；声明
13． n．量，数量→ (形近词)n.质量
14． v．旅行，旅游→ n．旅行者，旅客
15． n．作者→ n．权威人士
16． vi.使困惑→ adj.令人困惑的→
adj.感到困惑的
17． v．狩猎→ n．猎人
18． n．财富→ adj.富裕的
dictation
statement
dictate
quantity
confuse
quality
travel
author
state
traveller
authority
confusing
confused
hunt
hunter
wealth
wealthy
1.similarity n．相似性，类似性
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Snowboarding has similarities with surfing.
单板滑雪与冲浪有相似之处。
(鲜活例句)What I like about his poetry is its similarity to
Wordsworth's.
我喜欢他的诗的地方是它跟华兹华斯的(诗)很相似。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
similar adj. 相似的
be similar to 与……相似
similarly adv. 相似地，同样地，相同地
①My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
我的教学风格和多数教师相似。
②Husband and wife are similarly successful in their chosen careers.
夫妻俩在各自所选择的事业上都很成功。
2.risk
(教材原句)What makes people risk their lives to do them
是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？
(1)vt. 冒……的危险；冒险做……
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
①By criticizing her boss, she risked losing her position.
批评老板使她冒失去职位之险。
②The PLA men risked their lives the villagers stuck in the flood.
解放军冒着生命危险解救被洪水围困的村民。
to save
(2)n.风险，危险
at risk 有风险，冒风险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的风险
run the risk of (doing) sth. 冒(做)……的风险
take risks /a risk 冒险
③Twenty three million people in Africa are at risk from starvation.
非洲有2,300万人正处于饥饿的危险中。
④He was determined to do it even at the risk of being ridiculed.
他决定即使冒着被人嘲笑的危险也要做这件事。
⑤I'm not prepared to — I want the equipment thoroughly checked.
我不愿意冒险，必须彻底检查设备。
take risks
3.various adj.不同的，各种各样的
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)You can find all these in the various extreme sports
that have become popular in the last ten years or so.
所有这些都能在各种各样的极限运动中找到，这些极限运动
是在过去的十年左右流行起来的。
(鲜活例句)There are various ways to solve the problem.
解决这个问题有许多种方法。
(鲜活例句)The subject may be viewed in various ways.
这问题可以从不同的方面加以考虑。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①Varieties of flowers were on show in the World Expo.
在世博会上各种各样的花卉被展出。
②Prices with the seasons.
物价随季节而变动。
4.amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Marco, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful
and powerful China was.
马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
vary
(鲜活例句)David amazed his friends by leaving a well paid job to travel around the world.
大卫辞去了报酬丰厚的工作去环游世界了，这让他的朋友们很吃惊。
(鲜活例句)What amazes me is so long does she manage to hide it from her parents.
使我惊诧的是，她竟然能把这件事瞒了她父母这么久。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
amazed adj. 感到吃惊的/惊奇的
be amazed at / by 对……感到惊奇
be amazed that ... 对……感到惊奇
amazing adj. 令人惊讶的
①I was amazed at Chinese high speed train crash on July 23,2011.
我对2011年7月23日发生的动车相撞事件感到震惊。
②I'm he accepted it.
他接受了它，这使我感到很惊讶。
amazed that
③It's so many people come to this meeting.
有这么多人来参加这次会议真令人吃惊。
5.confuse vt.使困惑；混淆；弄混；把……弄糊涂
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)He was also confused by the black stones people
used to burn for fuel.
他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。
(鲜活例句)They asked me so many questions that they
confused me.
他们问我那么多问题把我都弄糊涂了。
amazing that
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
confuse A with / and B 把A与B相混淆
confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的
confused adj. 迷惑的，困惑的
be confused about 对……感到困惑/迷惑
confusion n. 不确定，困惑；混淆，混乱
①I'm always confusing Austria and / with Australia.
我一直分不清奥地利和澳大利亚。
②He the foreign names in the novel.
他被小说中的外国名字弄糊涂了。
③The room was in confusion after the birthday party.
生日派对后房间里很混乱。
(语境串记)From his confused expression, I can see this confusing problem confused him.
从他困惑的表情，我知道这个令人迷惑的问题把他弄糊涂了。
was confused about
6.quantity n．量，数量
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Without quantity there can be no quality.
没有数量就没有质量。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①There is only a small quantity of wine left.
只剩下很少一点儿酒了。
②He collected old pictures.
他收集了大量的旧画。
[点津] a large quantity of或quantities of＋名词及a large amount of或amounts of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与quantity和amount本身一致。
a quantity of / quantities of
③A large quantity of meat has gone bad because of the high temperature.
由于高温，大量的肉变质了。
④Quantities of sand washed down the hillside by
the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
were
1．in order 为了，以便
2． down 颠倒地，倒置地
3．turn 出现，到场
4．back 决定不履行(允诺的事)
5．get 使理解(某事)
6． turn 轮流
7．break 突然发生，爆发
8．put prison 关进监狱
9．stand 坚持(某种)说法
upside
to
up
out
across
in
out
into
by
1.in order to为了，以便
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)People do extreme sports in order to feel excited.
人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。
(鲜活例句)They did anything in order to make money.
为了赚钱，他们什么事都做。
(鲜活例句)In order to find a better job in the future, he has decided to learn a second foreign language.
为了将来能找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。
[点津] in order to do 作目的状语比不定式to do作目的状语语气更强烈；其否定形式为in order not to do。
(鲜活例句)He gets up early in order not to be late.
他为了不迟到而早起。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 in order to, so as to
两者意义相同，皆引导目的状语，但其位置值得注意：in order to可放在句首，也可放在句中；而so as to只能放在句中。
用so as to或in order to填空
①We started early arrive before dark.
② make better use of these materials, we have to study further.
in order to / so as to
In order to
2.upside down颠倒地，倒置地
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)And, if that's not enough, you then try to walk
upside down on the ice!
如果那还不够的话，你可以试试在冰上倒着走。
(鲜活例句)The painting was hung upside down.
那幅画挂倒了。
(鲜活例句)Even if you plant the seed upside down, the
roots will still grow down.
即使你把种子倒过来种，根须还是往下长。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
turn sth. upside down
把……翻得乱七八糟，使……凌乱不堪
inside out 里朝外
Her husband's sudden death turned her world/life upside down.
她丈夫的突然去世使她的生活完全乱套了。
3.turn up出现，到场；调大音量；(尤指失去后偶然)被发现，
被找到
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)When I turned up for my first jump I was so
nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded
me to go through with it.
当我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张，企图退出，但
是我的朋友们说服我跳了下去。
(鲜活例句)He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up.
他答应来，可是到现在还没有来。
(鲜活例句)I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn it up
a bit
收音机我听不太清楚，你把声音开大点行吗？
(鲜活例句)The book you've lost may turn up one of these days.
你遗失的那本书也许这几天会找到。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
turn around 转身
turn down 拒绝；调低
turn off 关掉
turn out 证明是；结果是；关掉，熄灭
turn to 求助于；翻到
turn over 翻身，翻转；把……撞翻
①I thanked him for the offer but turned it down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。
②It that she was a friend of my sister.
她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
turned out
4.back out决定不履行(允诺的事)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)I hope I can depend on you not to back out at
the last moment.
我希望你绝对不会在最后的时刻变卦。
(鲜活例句)Since you've signed the contract, it is impossible
to back out.
既然你已经签了这份合同，那是不能违约的。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
back away (from sb./ sth.) 退避，躲避；避免
back down (on / from sth.) 放弃；认输
back up 后退；倒车；支持，支援
①She refused to back down on a point of principle.
她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。
②The bus had to and turned around.
汽车得往后退，再倒过来。
back up
5.get across (to sb.)使理解，讲清楚
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)It's difficult to get across how exciting it is!
很难让人理解它有多么令人兴奋！
(鲜活例句)Your thesis wouldn't get across if you used too
much technical terms in it.
如果你用了过多的专业术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。
(鲜活例句)Each trying to get across his point, it's hard to
say who is in the right and who is in the wrong.
公说公有理，婆说婆有理，很难讲谁对谁错。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
get through 完成；通过；(用电话)接通，打通；
度过，熬过(困难时期)等
get down to 开始认真做……
get over 克服；越过，渡过
get about / around 四处走动；传播(消息、谣言等)
get ahead (of sb.) 领先(于某人)
①I tried to telephone you but couldn't get through.
我设法给你打电话，但打不通。
②It's time we some serious work.
我们该认真干点正事了。
got down to
6.in turn轮流，依次，逐个地；反过来
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)The change of the climate makes the earth warmer.
In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
气候的变化导致地球气温升高，反之，地球升温也在改变气候。
(鲜活例句)Working outside can mean too much sun
exposure, which in turn can lead to skin cancer.
户外工作可能意味着长时间在阳光下暴晒，而这相应地可
能导致皮肤癌。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
take turns to do sth./ (at) doing sth. 轮流做某事
it's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
take one's turn 依次，轮到某人
by turns 轮流，依次
①The classes took turns to visit the exhibition.
各班学生轮流参观展览。
②They took care of their sick mother .
他们轮流照看生病的母亲。
by turns
7.break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Not long after his return, a local war broke out
near his town.
他回到家乡后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。
(鲜活例句)Can you tell me when the Libya War broke out
你能告诉我利比亚战争何时爆发的吗？
(鲜活例句)Bird flu broke out in Vietnam.
越南爆发了禽流感。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
break down 出故障，坏掉
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
break off 断开；折断；停顿；中断
break away 脱离；打破
break in 插嘴；闯入
①Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
双方谈判已经破裂。
②She a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰下一块巧克力给了我。
broke off
(三)明辨易混失误防范
比较 break out, happen, take place, occur
break out 意为“(坏事)突然发生，爆发”。多指战争、火灾或疾病的爆发和发生。break out是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态和进行时态
happen 指那些偶然的或不能预见的“发生”，也可以表示“碰巧，恰好”，此时主语为人，常用结构为sb.happens to do / to be，相当于it happens that sb...
take place 多表示必然性的，有一定过程的“发生”，或指布置或策划好某事之后的“举行”
occur 是正式用语，可指某事偶然发生或按计划发生；occur to表示“想起，想到”
用break out, happen, take place或occur填空
③A fire near here yesterday.
④The 31st Olympic Games will in Rio.
⑤It to me that she didn't know I had moved into the new house.
⑥It that I saw him on my way home.
broke out
take place
occured
happened
8.put into prison关进监狱
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)During the war Marco was the captain of a warship
but was caught by the enemy and put into prison.
战争期间，马克是一艘战舰的船长，但是不幸被捕入狱。
(鲜活例句)The driver was put into prison because of much
drinking.
因为过量饮酒，那个司机被关进监狱。
[点津] 短语put into prison中的prison为抽象名词，故其
前面不用加冠词。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
①He was not allowed to visit his young brother who was in prison.
他未能获准去监狱探望他弟弟。
②He for five years because of robbery.
因为抢劫，他被关押了五年。
was sent to prison
9.stand by坚持(某种)说法，支持；袖手旁观；信守(诺言、
决议、宣言等)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)But Marco always stood by his tales.
但是马可总是坚持他所讲的每一个故事。
(鲜活例句)We'll stand by you through thick and thin.
在任何情况下我们都得支持你们。
(鲜活例句)Don't just stand by. Can't you lend a hand
别只站在一边旁观。你不能帮一下忙吗？
(鲜活例句)I must stand by what I have said.
我一定信守我说过的话。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
stand for 代表
stand out 杰出，出色
stand up to 经受住
stand up for 支持；维护；保卫
①Yao Ming stands out in the crowd because he is so tall.
姚明在人群中十分显眼，因为他个子很高。
②The carpet is designed to a lot of wear and tear.
这种地毯设计得十分耐用。
stand up to
[句型展示] But it's worth waiting for.
但它是值得等待的。
[典例背诵]
I don't think the film is worth seeing again.
我认为这部电影不值得再看。
But it's worth waiting for.
但它是值得等待的。
本句中使用了be worth doing，表示“某事值得做”，用主动形式表被动意义。
①I think the novel Gone With the Wind is worth reading.
我认为《飘》这本小说值得一读。
(1)worth后面一般接动名词，在接名词时往往只是钱数，也
可表示“拥有……价值的财产”。
②The expert told me the picture is worth at least twenty
thousand pounds.
专家告诉我这幅图片至少值两万英镑。
(2)表示强调时，在worth前面用well，不用very。
③The stealing happening in the palace is well worth
thinking of.
发生在皇宫的盗窃事件值得深思。
比较 worth, worthy, worthwhile
worth 只能作表语，后常接名词或动名词
worthy 作定语时指“有地位的，有价值的”；作表语时，常用be worthy of ＋n./be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done结构
worthwhile 可以作定语或表语，作定语时指“值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)去做的”；作表语时，常用it作形式主语，构成It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.结构
用worth, worthy或worthwhile填空
④I was wondering how much the diamond was .
我在想这个钻石值多少钱。
⑤I don't think this bridge is of being repaired.
我认为这座桥不值得修了。
⑥It is to spend money on your children.
在你的孩子们身上花钱是值得的。
worth
worthy
worthwhile
一、定义
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两
种。限制性定语从句修饰限定名词或代词，清楚表明
所修饰的人或物；非限制性定语从句提供句子意义以
外的额外信息，要用逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词
的使用 A.作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who代替whom A.作宾语时不可省略
B．不可用that C．不可用who代替whom
This is the computer (that) I bought for my son yesterday.
这是我昨天为儿子买的电脑。(限制性定语从句that在定语从句中作宾语可省略，也可用which替换)。
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to see you.
玛丽·史密斯在那个角落里，她想见你。(非限制性定语从句，who在定语从句中作主语，不可用that代替。)
[考题印证1]
1－1(2012·北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work, ________
he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A．that B．which
C．where D．when
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他经常全神贯注地工作，每当
这个时候，他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。which he often
was是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中
作was的表语。
答案：B
1－2(2012·浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of
nature, ________， for some reason, had withdrawn from
all human society.
A．which B．who
C．where D．whom
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从
句，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作
主语，应该用关系代词who。
答案：B
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．作用不同
限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略。省略后主句的意思仍很完整。
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.
他的哥哥18岁了，是一名解放军战士。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起补充说明的作用；言外之意，他只有一个哥哥。)
His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.
他18岁的哥哥是一名解放军战士。(限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起修饰、限制作用；言外之意他可能还有其他的哥哥。)
2．形式上的区别
限制性定语从句同其先行词的关系十分密切，是先行词不可缺少的成分，因此，书写时不能用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句可用逗号和主句隔开，口语中有停顿。
He has found the hammer that he was looking for.
他找到了他一直在寻找的那把锤子。(限制性定语从句)
Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited.
上星期我见到了约翰，他看起来好像很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句)
3．先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。
I was the only person in my office that was invited.
我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(先行词是the only person)
I didn't like her, which she realised.
她意识到了我不喜欢她。(which指代整个主句)
4．关系词的使用情况有所不同
(1)that，why一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句，要用which代
替that，for which代替why。
The film Avatar, which I have seen three times, is well worth
seeing again.
电影《阿凡达》我看过三遍了，很值得再看。
I have told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the
meeting.
我已告诉他们我没有参加会议的原因了。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同。
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替
whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代
替。
This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.
这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。
A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to
impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的
印象。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同。
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限
制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
The book (that/ which) she bought yesterday is very
interesting.
她昨天买的那本书很有趣。
The book, which she bought yesterday, is very interesting.
那本书很有趣，那是她昨天买的。
5．翻译不同
含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。
Our school has two foreign teachers, both of whom are from America.
我们学校有两个外教，他们都来自美国。
The foreigner who comes from America teaches us English.
来自美国的那位外教教我们英语。
[考题印证2]
(2012·陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race,
________ has surprised us all.
A．that B．where
C．which D．what
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。关系词 which代表前面整个主句的内容； that不能引导非限制性定语从句；where引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what不能引导定语从句。
答案：C
三、使用非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题
1．非限制性定语从句不可用that引导，而要用which，who，
whom，whose，when，where等词引导。
2．关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制
性定语从句一般可以互换使用，但as从句的位置比较灵活，
可放在主句之前也可放在主句之中，且从句的谓语动词多
为see, say, know, expect等。as从句多为肯定句，主句也多
为肯定句；否则多用which从句。
He is an old kind farmer, which/ as anybody can see.
任何人都能看得出来，他是一位善良的老农民。
As is known to all, Diaoyu Island belongs to China.
众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。
[考题印证3]
3－1(2012·安徽高考)A lot of language learning, ________
has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life,
so parents should talk much to their children during that
period.
A．as B．it
C．which D．this
解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“________ has been discovered”，为非限制性定语从句，且位于先行词所指的“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子之间，故用as。
答案：A
3－2(2012·福建高考)The air quality in the city, ________ is
shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it
C．as D．what
解析：考查定语从句。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这
城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制
性定语从句，且代表整个主句的内容。that不能引导非限制
性定语从句。it和what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句。
答案：C
