(共45张PPT)
形容词和副词的基本用法、比较级、构词法
考
语
法
总
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专题六 形容词和副词
习
中
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
01
形容词的用法和位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词的词叫形容词。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
01
形容词的用法和位置
(1)作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。例:
The nice girl is my sister.
I have something important to tell you.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
01
形容词的用法和位置
(1)作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。例:
The nice girl is my sister.
I have something important to tell you.
(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。例:
He looks very happy.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
01
形容词的用法和位置
(3)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。例:
You must keep your eyes closed.
(4)the+形容词,表示一类人。例:
The young should be polite to the old.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
02
-ing形容词和-ed形容词辨析
-ing形容词(修饰物) -ed形容词(修饰人) 例句
surprising surprised This is a surprising story.
I am surprised at the news.
interesting interested I have an interesting book.
He is interested in science.
exciting excited Have you heard of the exciting news
We are excited about the traveling.
pleasing pleased This is a pleasing trip.
The teacher is pleased with our performance.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
02
-ing形容词和-ed形容词辨析
-ing形容词(修饰物) -ed形容词(修饰人) 例句
frightening frightened This is a frightening story.
We are frightened of the ghost.
moving moved Titanic is a moving film.
We are moved by Zhang Dingyu deeply.
tiring tired It’s a long tiring day.
I’m too tired.
fascinating fascinated What a fascinating voice!
Many boys are fascinated by computer games.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
Tina is very________, her face often turns red while answering questions in class.
A. shy B. active C. smart D. outgoing
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:蒂娜非常害羞,当她在课堂上回答问题的时候,她的脸经常变红。根据her face often turns red可知,蒂娜性格腼腆,在公共场合爱害羞。shy在句中作表语。
答案: A
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
On ________(rain) days, the traffic is heavier than usual.
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:下雨天,交通比平时更拥挤。days是名词,修饰名词用形容词,作定语;rain的形容词是rainy。
答案: rainy
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
1. be+ 形容词+ about
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be serious about 对……认真
be sure about 对……有把握
be worried about 担心……
2. be+ 形容词+ at
be bad at 不擅长……
be good at 擅长……
be mad at 对……发怒
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
3. be+ 形容词+ for
be bad for 对……有害 be famous for 因……闻名
be fit for 合适,适合 be good for 对……有益
be well-known for 以……出名 be late for 迟到
be ready for 为……准备好 be sorry for 因……抱歉
be suitable for 对……合适 be thankful for 因……而感激
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
4. be+ 形容词+ from
be absent from 缺席,不在
be different from 与……不同
be far from 离……远
5. be+ 形容词+ in
be successful in 在……方面成功
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be weak in 在……方面不行
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
6. be+ 形容词+ of
be afraid of 害怕 be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
be careful of 小心,留心 be certain of 确信,对……有把握
be fond of 喜欢 be full of 充满
be glad of 为……而高兴 be proud of 为……自豪
be short of 缺乏 be tired of 对…厌烦
be sick of 对…厌倦 be sure of 肯定,有把握
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
7. be+ 形容词+ to
be close to 靠近,接近 be devoted to 献身于,专心于
be equal to 等于,能胜任 be familiar to 为(某人)所熟悉
be harmful to 对……有危害 be related to与……有关系
be similar to 与……相似 be true to 忠实于,信守
be rude to 对……无礼 be thankful to 对……心存感激
be used to 习惯于 be useful to 对……有用
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
03
形容词短语辨析
8. be+形容词+with
be angry with 生……的气 be bored with 对……厌烦
be busy with 忙于 be careful with 小心
be familiar with 熟悉,精通 be honest with 对(某人)真诚
be ill with 患……病 be patient with 对……有耐心
be pleased with 对……满意 be popular with 受……欢迎
be satisfied with 对……满意 be strict with 对(某人)严格
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
Luke’s mother will be him if he wins the reading competition.
A. proud of B. tired of
C. worried about D. strict with
解析:考查形容词短语辨析。句意:如果他赢得阅读比赛, 卢克的妈妈会以他为荣。根据if he wins the reading competition“如果他赢得阅读大赛”可猜测, 妈妈会以他为荣。
答案: A
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
Nowadays, many foreigners_______________(对……感兴趣) learning Chinese.
解析:考查形容词短语辨析。句意:现在,许多外国人对学习汉语感兴趣。nowadays是一般现在时的时间状语;foreigners是名词复数作主语,所以谓语动词用复数形式。
答案: are/get/become interested in; take/have an interest in / show interest in
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
04
副词的用法和位置
副词用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,主要用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词或整个句子。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
04
副词的用法和位置
(1)作状语
Please listen to me carefully.
Luckily, he was not badly hurt.
(2)作表语(表示方位上的变化)
My father will be back in a week.
(3)作宾补
Let him in, please.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
高频考点
有些词如high, low, near, far, fast, hard, early, late, little, much, enough, pretty等副词与形容词同形,但意义不一定相同。如:
She is a pretty girl. 她是个漂亮的姑娘。
(pretty意为“漂亮的”,用作形容词)
She is pretty clever. 她相当聪明。
(pretty意为“很;非常”,用作副词)
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
04
副词的分类
(1)时间副词now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, soon, immediately, lately, early, already, yet, ever等。它是确定句子的时态的重要标志。
(2)地点副词outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in , back, off, up, anywhere等。地点副词前不加介词。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
04
副词的分类
(3)方式副词quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。
(4)程度副词very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。有的程度副词可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
04
副词的分类
(5)疑问副词when, where, why, how等。它常用来构成特殊疑问句。
(6)关系副词when, where, why。它常用来引导定语从句。
(7)频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, seldom, never等。它表示事情发生的频率,可用来回答how often引导的特殊疑问句。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
易错示警
副词修饰形容词、副词等一般前置,只有enough例外,需要后置;enough修饰名词,在名词前后都可以。
如:
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.
他跑得不够快,没有赶上火车。
We have enough money to buy a new car.
我们有足够的钱可以买辆新车。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
Nowadays some parents spend more time on mobile phones so that they _______ care for their kids.
A. often B. seldom C. usually D. sometimes
解析:考查副词词义辨析。句意:现在一些家长把更多的时间花在手机上,以致他们很少关心他们的孩子。根据spend more time on mobile phones“花费更多的时间玩手机”可推知,这些家长“很少”有时间关心孩子。seldom意为“很少;不常”,是否定副词。
答案: B
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
归纳拓展
Mrs. Smith showed the boys how to behave ______
like a gentleman at the dinner table.
A. happily B. bravely C. politely D differently
解析:考查副词词义辨析。句意:史密斯夫人向这些男孩们展示如何在餐桌上像一名绅士(一样)举止文雅。根据behave …like a gentleman “像绅士一样表现”可推断出,是表有礼貌地,表程度。
答案: C
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
05
易混副词(词组)词义辨析
用法 例句
How long 多久,多长时间,对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答 --How long have you been in China
--For three months.
How soon 多快,多久以后,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答 --How soon will he come back
--In 5 minutes.
How often 多长时间一次,对频率提问,常用once/twice/three times a week以及频率副词等回答。 --How often do you visit your grandparents
--Once a week.
How far 多远,对距离提问 --How far is it from your home to your school
--About two kilometers.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
05
易混副词(词组)词义辨析
用法 例句
hard 努力地,大量地,猛烈地 It’s raining hard.
hardly 几乎不,是否定副词 I can hardly understand his words.
much too 非常,极其,太,中心词是too, much修饰too,以加强语气,much too修饰形容词或副词原级 The car is much too expensive.
too much 太多,中心词是much,too修饰much, 以加强语气,too much修饰不可数名词,与too many相对应,too many修饰可数名词复数 There’s too much rain in summer.
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
05
易混副词(词组)词义辨析
用法 例句
sometimes 指“有时候” Sometimes I go to school by bike.
sometime 表示将来或过去的“某个时候” New students will come to our school sometime next week.
some times 表示“几次,几倍” Our school is some times larger than theirs.
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
01
形容词和副词的比较等级构成
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er,-est long tall hard longer taller harder longest
tallest
hardest
How soon 以不发音的e结尾时加-r, -st late large later larger latest
largest
How often 辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er, -est easy happy early easier happier earlier easiest
happiest
earliest
How far 在词前加more, most big hot bigger hotter biggest
hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more, most careful beautiful carefully more careful more beautiful more carefully most careful
most beautiful
most carefully
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
01
形容词和副词的比较等级构成
类别 原级 比较级 最高级
不规则变化 good/well better best
How soon bad/badly worse worst
How often many/much more most
How far little less least
多音节词和部分双音节词 far farther farthest
further furthest
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
02
比较级常用结构
类别 含义 原级
比较级+than 比……更 The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan.
比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 + in … 比同一范围内的其他任何一个人/物更 Jimmy is taller than any other boy in his class.
比较级+than+the other+复数名词+in 比同一范围内的其他所有人/物更 Kate arrives earlier than the other students in her class.
the+比较级+of the two 两者中更……的那一个 Anne is the taller of the twins.
比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
02
比较级常用结构
类别 含义 原级
The+比较级,the+比较级 越……,就越…… The more you read English, the better you will be at it.
Which/What/Who…+比较级,A or B 哪一个/什么/谁更……,A还是B? Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam
much/a lot; even; far; a little/a bit+比较级,表示加强语气 ……得多;甚至更……;远比……得多;更……一点 High-speed trains run much faster than normal trains.
倍数+比较级+than 是……的几倍…… The river is three times longer than that one.
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
03
最高级常用结构
类别 含义 原级
the+最高级(+单数名词)+in/of… ……是……中最……的 Jim is the tallest (student) in his class.
I jump (the) farthest of all the class.
One of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of… 最……的……之一 Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.
特殊疑问词…+the+最高级,A, B or C 从三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择 Which is the closest cinema to your home, Wanda, Zhongying or Universal Studios
the+序数词+形容词最高级 第几最…… The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
归纳拓展
(1) old→ older→ oldest可修饰人或物,在句中作表语或定语,可与than连用。如:
I’m two years older than Jim. 我比吉姆大两岁。
(2) old → elder → eldest 一般只表示长幼次序,不与than连用。
Tina is the eldest daughter of the Greens.
蒂娜是格林家最大的女儿。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
归纳拓展
—Did you enjoy yourself at the party
一Yes. I’ve never been to ____one before.
A. a more exciting B. the most excited
C. a more excited D. the most exciting
点拨:由before“以前”可推知是与现在对比,应该用比较级;本题中的所谈及的中心词是party“晚会”,需要用-ing形式的形容词来修饰。
答案:A
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
归纳拓展
I talked with my little uncle on the computer last night. The Internet makes the world___________.
A. small and small B. smaller and smaller
C. small and smaller D. smaller and small
解析:考查形容词比较等级的用法。句意:昨晚我和小叔用电脑聊天了。互联网使世界变得越来越小。make …+形容词“使……怎么样”;比较级 + and+比较级,意为“越来越……” 。
答案: B
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
归纳拓展
The second-hand car is much _________ (cheap) than the new one.
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:二手车比新车便宜得多。than“比”是比较级的标志;cheap的比较级是cheaper。
答案: cheaper
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
01
名词变形容词的常见后缀
名词类别 后缀 意义 举例
表示天气的名词 -y 充满……的 多……的 Cloud-cloudy
Wind-windy
表示方位的名词 -ern ……方位的 朝……方向的 West-western
East-eastern
表示称谓的名词 -ly ……般的 Friend-friendly
Mother-motherly
表示时间的名词 -ly 每……的 Week-weekly
Month-monthly
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
01
名词变形容词的常见后缀
名词类别 后缀 意义 举例
表示物质的名词 -en ……材质的 Wood-wooden
Gold-golden
表示抽象意义的名词 -al -ful -y -less -ous -ant/-ent 有……性质的 ……的 ……的 无……的 具有……的 是……的 Education-educational
Care-careful
Luck-lucky
Hope-hopeless
Danger-dangerous
Importance-important
表示大洲与国家的名词 -n ……的 ……人的 Asia-Asian
America-American
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
02
其他后缀
(1)-able表示“能够,可……的”,加在动词、名词后,构成形容词,如:
enjoy 喜欢– enjoyable 愉快的
(2)-ive表示“……的,有……的”,加在动词后构成形容词,如:
produce 生产 – productive 生产的,富有成效的
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
03
形容词变副词的规则
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-ly quick-quickly 快速地
correct-correctly 正确地
辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i,再加-ly easy-easily 容易地
happy-happily 高兴地
le结尾 去e,加-y possible-possibly 可能
probable-probably 很可能
元音字母+e结尾 去e,加-ly true-truly 真诚地;确实
ll结尾 只加-y full-fully完成地;充分地
ic结尾 加-ally basic-basically 基本上;大体上
scientific-scientifically 科学地;按科学方法
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
04
形容词常见的否定前缀
否定前缀 例词
un- lucky-unlucky healthy-unhealthy
in- correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive
im- polite-impolite possible-impoossible
ir- regular-irregular responsible-irresponsible
dis- honest-dishonest respectful-disrespectful
考点三 形容词和副词的构词法
归纳拓展
— Many products made in China are very popular in the United States.
—Yeah. Americans can _________avoid buying Chinese products.
A. nearly B. mostly C. hardly D. widely
解析:考查副词辨析。句意:——中国制造的许多产品在美国非常受欢迎。——是的,美国人几乎不可避免地买到中国产品。由very popular可知,中国制造的许多产品在美国非常受欢迎,故可推测“几乎不能避免买中国产品”。hardly意为“几乎不” 。
答案: C
形容词和副词的基本用法、比较级、构词法
考
语
法
总
复
专题六 形容词和副词
习
中