2023年中考复习初中英语句子成分精讲课件 (共15张PPT)

(共15张PPT)
英语语法
句子成分
什么是句子成分
句子的各个组成部分叫句子的成分。
主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语
次要成分：定语、状语等
主语
主语是一个句子所叙说的主体。
主语的位置一般在句首。
可担任主语的有：名词、代词、数词、动词不定时、动名词、名词化的其他词类、短语和从句。
Boys like to play football.
She often cleans her house on Sunday.
Who can help me
First went to the Chinese team.
To see is to believe.
Reading is easier than speaking.
The blind are well cared for in our country.
“Safety first”is our slogan.
What he said is quite true.
谓语
谓语用来说明主语的动作或者状态。谓语的位置一般在主语之后
表语
表语是用来说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态的;
表语在系动词之后;
可以作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定时、动名词、介词短语、副词和从句。
Ann is a girl.
Oh, it’s you!
I feel much better today.
The football match is very exciting.
Three times six is eighteen.
Bill is the second to arrive.
My work is to clean the room.
Her hobby is singing.
The old man is out of danger.
She is out.
What surprised us most was that he spoke Chinese so well.
宾语
宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者;
及物动词后面须接宾语，宾语一般放在及物动词之后;
可做宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词或分词、短语、从句等。
Pass me the fork, please.
Can you see her
Give me four.
Her son began to learn English a year ago.
Stop acting like a child.
Mr Li always helps the poor.
I don’t know what to say.
I think my mother is right.
定语
修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或从句，成为定语。定语用来说明名词的品质与特征，大多潜质，有时也可后置。
可作定语的有：
在被修饰名词之前：形容词、分词和分词短语、代词、数词、名词、动名词、
在被修饰名词之后：动词不定式、介词短语、副词、从句
注意：定语修饰some, any, every, no 等所构成的复合不定代词的时候，定语必须后置。
Is there anything important in today’s newspaper
状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子；
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等情况;
可作状语的有：副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、动词不定式、名词和从句等。
状语
状语的位置：
1) 修饰动词的状语有三个位置：
在基本句子结构之后，这是状语最常见的位置
You must listen to me carefully.
在句子基本结构之前，往往为了强调
Then, let’s start our new lesson.
在助动词、情态动词之后，其他动词之前
这一类的状语表示不确定的时间、表示程度, 如still, never, also, always, already, usually, even等等。
They often go to work by bus.
Is the shop still open
顺序：副词+方式状语+表示程度/状态的状语+地点+时间
The children played games quietly in their room yesterday.
对何时何地提问：when and where
The children played games quietly in their room yesterday.
状语
状语的位置：
2) 修饰形容词和副词的状语一般放在被修饰词之前。
She is a very kind girl.
注意：副词enough修饰形容词和副词的时候，必须放在被修饰词之后
Are you warm enough
He is old enough to go to school.
宾语补足语
简称宾补，是对宾语进行补充说明的成分，位置一般在宾语之后
可以作宾语补足语的： 。
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句；
Her father named her Li Yan.
They painted their room orange.
Let the fresh air in.
He found everything in good order.
I saw him go into the shop.
We asked him to come，but he refused.
She noticed Tom teaching them patiently.
I need to have my car repaired.
We will make our city what your city is now.
同位语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或者解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语，这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任。同位语通常放在其所说明的名词之后。
we Chinese 我们中国人 we all 我们全体
the city of Roma my friend Mr Black
Mr Black, a friend of mine
独立成分
与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分。
可用作独立成分的词语通常有三种词语：感叹语、呼语和插入语。
感叹词做独立成分
感叹词表示喜怒哀乐等感情，常位于句首。
Oh, Tom, come here!
呼语
称呼人的用于叫做呼语, 可置于句首、句中、句末。
Where are you going, Peter
插入语
插入语是插在句中的词语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开，可在句首、句中、句末。
He is an honest man, I believe.
补充句子成分
Most parents don’t think it is ___________( health) for children to stay up too late at night.
The old should be spoken to _____________(polite).
healthy
politely
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