2023年中考英语句子成分与结构讲解课件 (共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
句子成分及简单句分析
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
句子由什么成分构成
句子成分
主语
宾语
定语
谓语
状语
补语
表语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
主语（subject）
用于说明人或事物执行某一动作，表明“谁”或“什么”。常由名词n.、代词pron.和数词num.来担任。如：
★名词作主语（A boy is singing.）;
★代词作主语（You are so fat.）;
★数词作主语（Two is enough）
★动名词和to do 不定式（暂不讲）作主语
Eg： Learning English well is very important.
找出句中主语


The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（动名词）
（不定式）
（句子）
(名词化的形容词）
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
判断下列句中的谓语
She doesn’t want a cup of tea.
Our school is trying to be better.
A lot of students came here.
You should study Chinese hard.
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词 ）
　( 代词）
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
（不定式）
（动名词）
（句子）
判断下列句中的宾语
My teacher gave me a new book.
You should study Chinese hard.
Can you help me to do my homework
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
宾语的分类
（需要识记能够加双宾语的动词★give/show/buy/ask/bring/send等）
★Show your ticket.
★Show me your ticket.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
▲She is a teacher. (n.作表语)
▲The number is two. （num.作表语）
▲The bike is hers. （pron.作表语）
▲ It tastes good.（adj.作表语）
She looks nice．她看上去很漂亮。（adj. 作表语）
▲ Ann is in the classroom．安在教室里。（介词短语作表语）
My duty is to take good care of you.
表语 (predicate)位于 “主系表”结构中，系词之后。
▲结构：主语+系动词 + 表语
系动词
▲用于表述主语的状态、特征、身份等。
▲可由名词n.、数词num.、代词pron.、形容词adj. to do 不定式和介词短语充当。
系动词
Be动词
am
is
are
was
were
感官动词
sound
smell
feel
taste
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you known betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He often went to school by bus.
This book is very interesting.
同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true. （从句作同位语）
Sentence Structures
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种
基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型, 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓)
二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表)
三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
四: Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
简单句的5种基本句型
1、主+谓（s+v）
在此结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词。
He runs.
She listens carefully.
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
is playing
have gone
1） The weather is very cold
She felt happy.
He became a doctor.
句型：主语 + 连系动词 + 表语
(S+V+P)
2、主+系+表（s+v+p）
在此结构中，常见的系动词包括：
be动词和（look/smell/sound/taste/feel/get/become
/turn）
She is a teacher. (n.作表语)
The number is two. （num.作表语）
The bike is hers. （pron.作表语）
It tastes good.（adj.作表语）
Ｓ Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather is smells(闻) fell looks is is became an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
The flowers are very beautiful.
He looked worried just now.
3、主+谓+宾(s+v+o)
在此结构中，谓语动词是及物动词。因此有宾语。She saw a film. I like this book.
(回顾前文谓语部分句子，判断主谓宾结构的句子)
Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
4、主+谓+间宾+直宾（s+v+o1+o2）
在此结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，常见的后接双宾的动词有：give/show/buy/ask/bring/send……
She gave me a book. I send him a card.
5、主+谓+宾+宾补（s+v+o+c）
可作补足语的有形容词、副词、介词短语……
They made the girl angry.
I call her Chun Lin.
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
1.You will tell （your） friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t
dare open a window.
3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be
Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open).
4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering
Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.
主语
谓语
间宾
定语
直接宾语
原因状语
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 谓
7.He kept me a dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
8.Shall I leave you the camera
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
9. We find the book very interesting.
主+谓+宾+宾补
10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直宾
11.Singing makes me happy.
主+谓+宾+宾补
12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .
主+谓+宾+宾补
13.You must listen to her.
主+谓+宾
14.He is a scientist.
主+系+表
分析下列句子的结构与成分
We are good friends.
You will have a happy life in the future.
I had a nice day with my family in the park today.
He sends me his family photos.
判断下列句子的类型：
The time passed quickly.
2. Mobile phones are useful.
3. Uncle Lee bought me a birthday present.
4. The dish tastes delicious.
5. I heard my brother shouting loudly.
6. We have planted a lot of trees in and
around our school.
S+V
S+V+P
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+P
S+V+O+C
S+V+O
Thank you!