北师大版(2019) 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success Lesson 3 Getting to the Top 课件 (26张)

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名称 北师大版(2019) 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success Lesson 3 Getting to the Top 课件 (26张)
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资源类型 教案
版本资源 北师大版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-08-01 09:41:14

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本:新北师
单元:选择性必修一 Unit 2 (LESSON 3)
本单元词汇梳理
1. extreme 词块:extreme sports, extreme weather
派生词:extremely
2. entry 一词多义,基本义:进入;词块:gain entry into
3. academic 词块:academic research, academic year
4. ruin 词块:in ruins
5. skip 词源义:jump over;基本义:跳过
隐喻:“跳”的动作 (具体) → “跳”过应做的事情 (抽象)
6. defensive 构词法:defend — defense — defensive
7. element 精准的汉语释义:要素;
熟词生义:天气
词块:brave the elements
8. workout 合成词 work + out
9. intensity intense (adj 强烈的) + -ity
10. selfish self + -ish
11. countless count + -less
12. hire 意为“租用”时同义词为 rent,英式英语中短期租用为 hire,长期租用为 rent;美式英语中都用 rent。
13. triathlete tri- (three) + athlete
14. boil 词块:boiled / boiling water, boil down to sth
15. enormous e- [(= ex-, out ) 出、向外 ]+ -norm- [(normal) 正规 、常规] + -ous → 超出常规的 → 巨大的;近义词:huge
16. length 词族:long, length, lengthen
词块:in length, at length
17. apart a- (to 到) + part (a side 边) → 到另一边 → 分开地
词块:(set sb) apart from, be worlds apart, fall apart, tell apart, take apart, tear apart
18. platform plat + form;一词多义,基本义:平 (的) 台
19. injured 词族:injury, injure, injured;词块:the injured
20. outstanding out + stand + -ing
21. average 词源:在海运活动中,当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险,往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重,避免船只倾覆。海损由相关各方平均分摊,这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失,后又引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。
词块:an average of, below / above average, on average
22. normal norm- (正规 、常规) + -al (形容词词尾) → 有规范的 → 正常的
派生词:normally, abnormal (ab- 否定前缀)
词块:it is normal (for sb) to do sth, above / below normal, go back / return to normal
重难点词精讲
damage, destroy,
ruin
精准的
汉语释义
辨析义
apart
搭配义
average
skip
一词多义
element
熟词生义
搭配义
一词多义
entry
normal
一词多义
辨析义
短语动词转化而来的合成名词
合成形容词
academic
英语释义
我们时常会看到下面的汉语标识牌,作为学英语的你,是否想过用英文该怎么表达呢?
entry
entry n
[C] & [U] 进入;入场;进入权:
No Entry.
Thieves had forced an entry into the building.
Entry to the museum is free.
[C] 入口处;门口:
You can leave your umbrella in the entry.
[C] 记载;条目;项目:
A pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries. 2015 湖南
a journal / blog entry
[C] 参加比赛的人 / 物:
This painting is my entry for the art competition.
entry的词源义和基本义是“进入 (act or fact of physically entering)”。
entry 词源解读
entry 语义网络图
进入;入场;进入权
入口处;门口
“进入”的动作或权利
记载;条目;项目
“进入”比赛的人或作品
参加比赛的人 / 物
“进入”某地需要经过的门或通道
“进入”字典或书等需要查看的信息
进入
基本义
entry
academic
在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦。当她还是一名少女的时候,来自雅典的英雄忒修斯将她劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典,要求雅典人归还自己的妹妹,并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻,一个名叫阿卡德摩斯(Akademos)的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄,得到神灵的庇佑,他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademeia。
后来,哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园,但后来词义进一步扩充,泛指各种学术研究性机构。
词源解读:academic 来自academy(学院),词源义为“学院的”。
academy n [C] (必修二U6)
(某一领域的)研究院;学会:
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
专科学校;(尤指音乐、军事)学院:
a police / military academy
an academy of music
(美国的)私立学校
academic
■ adj[常用于名词前]
学校的;学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools, colleges and universities:
the office of academic affairs
an academic degree / qualification
the start of the new academic year
学术的 connected with studying from books, opposite to practical skills:
academic subjects
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 2010 湖北
■ n [C] 大学教师
academically adv 学术上;学业上:
In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. 2012 上海
【知识拓展】你知道AW吗?
AW = Academic Words 学术词汇
学术词汇指常出现在各学科、学术文章中的词汇,而不是日常谈话所使用词汇。学术词汇相对更正式。
日常学习中,我们可以借助学术英语词典,更好地了解、学习学术词汇。
academic
学术的
辨析damage, destroy, ruin
damage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友,想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢?我们先来看一篇学生习作。
[U] 损害;损坏;损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled:
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金:
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n
■ 损害;损坏:(名词动化)
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”,可修复
damage vt
毁坏;摧毁;毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists:
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
destroy vt
消灭;杀死:
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”,无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
“被雨水毁了的头发”,用哪个词呢?
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在,只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里,理解英语释义也很重要。
◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists
◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
糟蹋;(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.:
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money:
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭;破产:
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] [常用复数] 废墟;遗迹;残余:
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt
in ruins 成废墟;严重受损:
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
文化拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome),位于斗兽场之旁,是昔日古罗马帝国的中心,是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。
这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑,虽然毁坏严重,残破不堪,却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场,近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊,周围有80个出入口,里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”,表示可修复,常和badly、seriously等副词搭配;
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”,表示不可修复,不复存在,常和completely、entirely等副词搭配;
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”,使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性,尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染,容易损伤(damage)头发,需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦,头发就毁(destroy)了 ,只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门,遇到大雨,头发还在,但发型被毁(ruin)了。
skip v
vi 跳;跳过:
skip over the fence
She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.
vi & vt 跳(绳)(AmE jump rope):
vi & vt 略过;遗漏 to miss the next thing that you would normally read, do, etc.:
I skipped over the last part of the book.
skip 的词源义和基本义是“跳(过)” (spring lightly, jump over)。
skip 词源解读
vt[非正式用语]不做(应做的事等);不参加 to not do sth that you usually do or should do (miss):
If you skip meals, you don’t get enough calories, and then you feel tired.
She decided to skip the afternoon’s class.
skip a grade
n [C] 蹦跳
skip 语义网络图
skip
跳(过)
基本义
“跳”绳子
“跳过”应做的事等
进行“跳”的动作
不做(应做的事等);不参加
跳;跳过
跳(绳)
“跳过”要读的部分等
略过;遗漏
element
element n [C]
要素;基本部分:
Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is essential.
Honesty is a vital element of her success.
(化学) 元素
[复数][与the连用]恶劣天气:
As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements.