北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction课件 1 （25张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 3 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
本单元词汇梳理
1. conservation 构词法：conserve — conservation
2. plastic 词源义“形成的；可塑的”，引申为“塑料的”
词块：plastic bags
3. destroy de- (down 向下) + struere (build 建，同structure) → 破坏建筑的结构 → 毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁坏”
4. mining mine (v) + -ing
5. recycle re- (again 再、重新) + cycle (v 循环) → 再循环 → 再利用
派生词：recycling, recyclable, unrecyclable
6. informative inform (通知、了解) + -ative → 提供有用信息的、增进知识的
同根词：information
7. threat 词块：a threat to sth
派生词：threaten (threaten to do sth)
threatening
8. switch 精准的汉语释义：“变”和“换”
词块：switch … from … to, switch sth with sb, switch on / off / over
9. illegally il- + legal + -ly
词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
10. hunt 一词多义：基本义“猎捕” （隐喻思维）
派生词：hunter, hunting
词块：hunt for a job, go hunting
11. extinct ex- (向外) + -stinct (刺) → 拔刺、拔出 → 连根拔起 → 灭绝
派生词：extinction
12. incredibly incredible (adj 难以置信的) + -ly → incredibly (unbelievably)
13. species 单复数同形
词块：endangered species
14. wipe 基本义“擦”；词块：wipe out, wipe sth with sth
15. unusual un- (not) + usual
词块：it is (not) unusual (for sb) to do sth
词族：usual, usually, unusual, unusually
16. mass 词块：a mass of / masses of = a lot of / lots of, mass production, mass media
17. varied 词族：vary, variety, various, varied
18. decrease 反义词：increase
词块：decrease from … to …, decrease by
19. blame 词块：be to blame, blame sb / sth for (doing) sth, blame sth on sb / sth
20. affect af- (to 去) + -fect (= fact, make 做) → 对……起作用 → 影响
熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)
21. endangered en- (make 使) + danger (危险) + -ed
词族：danger, dangerous, endanger, endangered
22. solar sol (sun 太阳) + -ar → 太阳的、利用太阳能的
词块：the solar system, the solar calendar, solar energy
23. restore re- (back 回) + store (储存) → 重新放回储存 → 恢复、修复
重难点词精讲
switch
精准的汉语释义
英语释义
搭配义
mass
熟词生义
搭配义
form词根
英语释义
辨析义
threat
一词多义
blame
affect
damage, destroy,
ruin
精准的汉语释义
辨析义
item
一词多义
辨析damage, destroy, ruin
damage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。
[U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n [必修二 U5]
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
destroy vt
消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。
◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists
◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.：
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money：
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt [选必一 U2]
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
文化拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。
这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
item
这里的 item 指的是“新闻”“报道”的意思，平时我们在阅读英语原版文章时，这两个国外网站，也可以供我们选择。
读书破万卷，下笔如有神。外刊文章读多了，写出的文章自然也会非常地道。
item n [C]
（表格、目录、数据等的）项目；细目：
We have many items to discuss in our meeting today.
一件商品 / 物品：
Can I pay for each item separately
一条 / 一则（新闻）：
What is the first news item mainly about
threat
人工智能是一种工具，而不是一种威胁。
threat n
[C] & [U] 威胁；恐吓：
the threat of violence
[C]［常用单数］构成威胁的人 / 事物：
Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.
[U] & [C]［常用单数］凶兆：
There was a threat of typhoon.
[词汇拓展] threaten v
vt 威胁；恐吓；危及到：
Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. 2015 江苏书面表达改
threaten to do sth:
David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 2009 上海
vt & vi 预示（……的）凶兆：
The dark clouds threatened rain.
threatening adj 带有威胁的 [必修三 U8]
threat + -en (使……)
开灯、关灯你会表达吗？
开灯 __________________ the light
关灯 __________________ the light
turn on
turn off
开、关电视如何表达？
开电视 __________________ the TV
关电视 __________________ the TV
turn on
turn off
词汇科普：早期的电器的开关钮其实是旋转开关,多用turn,而现在都是平面开关，多用 switch。
switch
/ switch on
/ switch off
/ switch on
/ switch off
n [C]
开关；电闸：
turn on / off the light switch
骤变；突变
vt & vi
改变；转变 to change from one thing to another：
He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
交换；调换 to exchange one thing for another：
We asked them if they would switch places with us.
强调“变”，重在change，常和 from, to 搭配
强调“换”，重在exchange sth for sth else
switch
名词动词化
switch off 关上（电灯、电视等）；[非正式用语] 不听；不理睬：
Have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer 人教新选必① – 2
Thankfully, I’ve learned to switch off and let it go over my head.
switch on 打开（电灯、电视等）：
I hear that song whenever I switch on the radio.
switch over 改变；转换：
We’ve switched over to mobile banking.
同义异构：turn on
同义异构：turn off
switch 语义网络图
n 开关
（基本义）
强调“变”
v 扳动开关
名词动化
由开到关，由关到开，状态瞬间发生彻底改变
由具象到抽象
switch
强调“换”
骤变；突变
改变；转变
交换；调换
谢
谢
观
赏