2023年中考英语二轮专题 形容词精讲课件(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
英语语法
形容词
形容词
形容词是用来描写名词或者修饰名词（或代词）的词
一般放在被修饰名词之前
有独特的后缀和前缀
-able -al -ant/ -ent -ary/-ory -ful
-ic -ive -less -ous -y
in- un-
简单形容词和复合形容词
简单形容词由一个单词组成，复合形容词由一个以上的词构成
复合形容词的构成
形容词+名词+ed good-natured 天性善良的，soft-hearted心肠很软的
形容词+现在分词 nice-looking好看的，easy-going随和的
副词+现在分词 hard-working，努力工作的，far-reaching深远的
形容词+名词 full-time 全职的
限制性形容词和描述性形容词
限制性形容词表示事物的本质，它的位置紧靠它所修饰的名词，限制性形容词不可缺少，否则会影响名词的含义
描述性形容词又叫非限制性形容词，它只起到描绘的作用，位
置在限制性形容词之前，如果省去不用，不会影响名词的含义
a Chinese dish 中式菜
a delicious Chinese dish 一道美味的中国菜
形容词的作用
定语
表语
This is a beautiful flower.
He is tall.
The music sounds nice.
补语
I found the book interesting.
独立成分
More important, he has found a job.
形容词的位置（一）
一般放在被修饰的名词之前
修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词，要放在这些词的后面
a little girl, a beautiful place
something interesting, nothing special
以a-为前缀的表语形容词修饰名词，要放在名词之后
这样的表语形容词：alive, alone, afraid, asleep, awake
There are not many padans alive in the world today.
The teacher alone knows what happened.
形容词的位置（二）
带后缀-able, -ible的形容词与all, every, only或最高级连用，放在名词后面
形容词词组修饰名词，放在名词后面
I think Tom is the best person available.
This is the only solution possible.
Do you know the man clever at paiting
A man so diffecult to please must be hard to work with.
放在系动词后面
He is tall.
The girl looks beautiful.
形容词的排列顺序
限定词（包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词） 数词 描绘形容词（短语在前，长词在后） 表示特征的形容词（大小、长度、形状、新旧、年龄等） 颜色 类属（国籍、材料质地） 名词性定语（包括动名词） 被修饰的名词
Jane wore a pretty purple silk dress.
She has a very valuable big gold watch.
a dirty old brown shirt, a beautiful new white Chinese car
比较级和最高级
比较级：对二者进行比较，表示A比B更…….
最高级：对三者或者三者以上的主体进行比较，表示A最….
最高级一定有表示范围的词，且主语要包含在范围之内
比较级/最高级用于形容词和副词，形容词和副词的形态有变化
比较级/最高级变换规则---单音节词
一般情况，比较级在后面加er，最高级在后面加est
以不发音的e结尾的，比较级加r，最高级加st
重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母,比较级加er，最高级加est
辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改i，比较级加er，最高级加est
比较级/最高级变换规则---多音节词
比较级加more, 最高级加most
比较级/最高级变换规则—双音节词
辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改i，比较级加er，最高级加est
以ful结尾的，加more/ most
有些词两种方式都可以
遇到不会的单词，如果单词比较长，则用more/ most, 否则加er/est
例外：slowly more slowly most slowly
比较级/最高级变换规则—不规则
原级 比较级 最高级
well better best
good better best
bad worse worst
ill worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
far further furthest
old older oldest
old elder eldest
比较级的用法(一)
A+be+形容词比较级+than+B
A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
LiuTao is much taller than xiaoming.
比较级+and+比较级/more and more +原级 越来越…
the +比较级……the +比较级 越…越…
在比较级前加程度副词，表示强得多
如：a bit、a little、even(甚至)、far、a lot、still、much
It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
It is getting cooler and cooler.
The sooner, the better.
The more money you make, the more you spend(花钱).
比较级的用法(二)
表示倍数
Nothing is easier than this one.
=This one is the easiest thing.
Mike is the tallest in his class.
=Mike is taller than any other student in his class.
相同/不同：
肯定形式：as … as
否定形式：not as … as, not so … as
比较级表示最高级的含义
My uncle is as tall as your father.
My uncle is not as/so tall as your father.
Our school is twice bigger than yours.
比较级的用法(二)
表示倍数
Nothing is easier than this one.
=This one is the easiest thing.
Mike is the tallest in his class.
=Mike is taller than any other student in his class.
相同/不同：
肯定形式：as … as
否定形式：not as … as, not so … as
比较级表示最高级的含义
My uncle is as tall as your father.
My uncle is not as/so tall as your father.
Our school is twice bigger than yours.
最高级的用法
the + 最高级 + of / in …
of/ in介词短语表示范围, of 后面跟名词复数，in后面跟表示范围和场所的名词
This hat is almost the biggest.
如果最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格，不能再加the
可用almost, mostly, much等程度副词修饰
It is my busiest day.
of all the boys, of all the things, of all the people
in the world, in China, in our class,
very、quite（完全地、十分地）只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级
最高级需要注意的问题
程度副词应放在the前面
Is Nanjing the second largest city in China
one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数：表示“是最…之一”
序数词放在the后面
This flower is one of the most beautiful flowers.
She is much the best of all the students.
most + 名词复数 / most of the/代词 + 名词复数, 表示大多数，大部分的……
Most people like apples.
Most of the boys are good at playing football.
Most of his books were written here.
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