北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology>Lesson 2 Brain Power-Reading Club 2 单词课件（43张）

(共43张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修三 Unit 9 (LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2)
本单元词汇梳理
1. virus 隐喻：传染疾病的“病毒”→ 像“病毒”一样具有传染性、
破坏性的程序等
2. variation vary (v 变化) + -ation (名词后缀)
词族：vary, various, variety, variation, varied
3. factor 来自词根fact (to do 做)，同根词：fact, factory
词块：the key / major factor
4. bacteria bacterium 的复数形式
5. officially official (adj 正式的) + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：office, official, officially
6. classify class (种类) + -ify (to make 使……) → 使物体分成不同种类
→ 将……分类
词块：classify sth into sth；词族：class, classify, classification
7. rare 熟词生义“(肉) 半熟的、半生的”
派生词：rarely
8. baseline 合成词：base (n 基础) + line (n 线)
9. opposed oppose (v 反对) + -ed (形容词后缀)
oppose：op- (against 对面) + pose (to put, place 放置) →
置于相反位置或立场 → 反对、抵制
词块：as opposed to, be opposed to sth
词族：oppose, opposed, opposing
同根词：expose, compose
10. widespread 合成词：wide (adj 广的) + spread (v 分布)
词块：widespread use
11. classification classify (v 把……分类) — classification
词块：garbage classification
12. depressing depress (v 使沮丧) + -ing (分词形容词后缀)
词族：depress, depressed, depressing, depression,
depressive
13. sample 词块：a blood / water / soil sample, free samples
名词动词化：尝；品尝
14. CE 是美式英语，AD是英式英语
拓展：BC (BrE) / BCE (AmE)
15. estimate 词块：be estimated to be / have, it is estimated that ...
派生词：estimation
16. visible vis (to see 看见) + -ible (可……的) → 可以看见的 → 看
得见的
同根词：visit, visa, vision
反义词：invisible ；词块：be visible to
17. bury 隐喻：埋 (葬) 尸体 → “埋”物体，使其不被发现 →
遮盖 / 掩盖
词块：be buried in / bury oneself in
18. pose 词块：pose a threat / challenge / danger / risk (to)
19. steadily steady (adj 稳定的) + -ly (副词后缀)
20. outbreak 合成词：out + break，来自短语动词：break out
21. trial try (v 尝试、试验) + -al (名词后缀)
词块：a (free) trial period, (by / through) trial and error, on trial
22. actual 派生词：actually
23. underline 合成词：under (在……下面) + line (n 线) → 在……下面
划线
24. thorough through 拼写的变体，表示强调，引申义“彻底的、完全的” ；派生词：thoroughly
25. systematic system (n 系统) + -atic (形容词后缀)
26. globe 词块：across / all around the globe
派生词：global, globally
27. paragraph 词源：同古汉语一样，古代西方语言也没有标点、
不分段落、没有间隔。古希腊人为了便于阅读，就在每一个新内容开始的一行前面画一条横线，表示在这一行中有新的段落。英语单词 paragraph 就来自于希腊人的这个习惯，词根 para 表示“在旁边”，词根 graph 表示“描绘、画线”，字面意思就是“在旁边画条线” 。
28. corresponding cor- (together, with each other 相互) + respond (to answer
回答、回应) + -ing (形容词后缀) → (两个数据) 相互回应的 → 相互对应的
词族：correspond, corresponding, correspondent
29. differ 熟词生义：意见不同，有异议；同义词：disagree
词块：differ from = be different from
词族：differ, difference, different, differently, indifferent
30. identify identity (n 身份) + -ify (to make 使……) → 使身份暴露、被知晓 → 认出；识别
词族：identity, identify, identification, identical
31. symbolically symbol (n 象征) + -ical (形容词后缀) + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：symbol, symbolic, symbolically, symbolism, symbolise
32. phenomenon 复数 phenomena；词块：a natural phenomenon
33. mineral 来自 mine (n 矿)
词块：mineral water
词族：mine, mineral, mining
34. needle 隐喻：缝纫用的“针”→ 注射器的“针” → 注射针
35. database 合成词：data + base
36. suspect su- (up to 从下往上) + spect (to look at 看) → 从下往上打量着看 → 怀疑
词块：suspect sb of doing sth, suspect that …
同根词：aspect, respect, expect, inspect
37. victim 词块：fall victim to / become a victim to
38. astronomer astronomy (n 天文学) + -er (……的人)
重难点词精讲
bury
一词多义
estimate
搭配义
trial
熟词生义
oppose & opposed
suspect
英语释义
辨析义
搭配义
词根词缀
identity & identify
一词多义
隐喻
oppose & opposed
oppose 构词：op-（against 对面）+ pose（to put, place 放置）→ 置于相反位置或立场 → 反对、抵制
同根词：
expose: ex-（out 向外）+ pose（to place 放置）→ 向外放置，即展开 → 使显露；使暴露
compose: com-（together 一起）+ pose（to place 放置）→ 放在一起 → 组成
opposed 来自oppose，学 opposed 之前需要先学习 oppose
vt 反对；抵制：
All the members present opposed the plan bitterly.
oppose doing sth:
I would oppose changing the law.
opposed adj［不用于名词前］反对的；截然不同的：
His parents are opposed to the marriage.
as opposed to［表示对比］而；而非：
Two hundred people attended the meeting, as opposed to 300 the previous year.
We employ you to work as opposed to (= rather than) just sitting.
opposing adj［只用于名词前］对立的；敌对的；（观点等）相反的
oppose
estimate the area
estimate the distance
看图猜词
estimate
vt [常用于被动语态]估计；估算；估价：
estimate sth (at sth):
They estimate the cost to repair at $800. 2016 天津改
be estimated to be / have:
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
estimate / it is estimated + (that) 从句：
The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year. 2013 湖南
It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
n [C] 估计；估算；估价：
a conservative / rough estimate
“it is + 动词 -ed + that 从句”结构
根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. In 2010, ______________________________（据估算）about 400 village shops closed.（2014 上海改）
2. _________________________（普遍认为）people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.（2014 重庆）(believe)
3. ____________________（人们常说）the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself.（2008 江苏）
4. ____________________（据报道）a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.（2015 安徽改）
5. ____________________ （一致同意）we should hold another meeting.
it was estimated that
It is generally believed that
It is often said that
It is reported that
It is / was agreed that
bury
The girl is burying herself in books.
看图猜词义
埋头读书
基本义为“埋”
埋葬：
We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading.
埋藏；掩藏；遮盖：
The dog buried the bone in the ground.
He buried his face in his hands.
be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于；专心致志于：
As you know, I’m still buried in books at the school you are so familiar with.
bury vt
trial
构词：try (v 尝试、试验) + -al (名词后缀)
trial R2 n [C] & [U]
试用；试验：
a (free) trial period
New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the market.
审判；审讯：
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
on trial 在试用中；在受审：
The clerk was employed on trial.
He’s on trial for theft.
trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索：
In November 1972, by / through trial and error, Tu and her team successfully discovered qinghaosu.
如此熟悉的 identity
生活中我们经常听到ID这个词，可同学们是否知道它的真正含义呢？ID是英文identity 的缩写，是“身份标识号码”的意思,也称为“序列号或帐号”，是某个体系中相对唯一的编码。如“学号”、“身份证号码”、“计算机网址”等。
identity
学 identify 之前需要先复习 identity
词源解读
identity 的词源义即“同一”、“同一性”(sameness, oneness, state of being the same)。
同一性：同一类事物共同具有的典型特征，这个典型特征是这类事物区别于其他事物的地方。
人与动物的区别：
1. 人能直立行走；
2. 人会语言交流；
3. 人会制造工具、使用工具
……
identity n
[C] & [U] [缩写为ID]身份：
an identity card (ID card)
[C] & [U]（区别人或群体的）个性 / 特征：
After years of performing, he felt that in some ways he had lost his identity.
The college years are supposed to be a time for the development of adult identity. 2016 北京改
必修二 Unit 4
确认；认出；识别 to recognize and correctly name sb / sth：
He was too far away to be able to identify faces.
One of the 17 people killed in the school shooting was
identified as Jamie.
找出；发现 to find or discover sb / sth：
To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate on them. 2009 浙江
根据具体特征识别
根据抽象特征识别
构词：identity (身份) + -ify (to make 使……) → 使身份被识别 → 认出；识别
identify vt
表明……的身份 to be a sign that shows who or what sb / sth is：
His accent identified him as a Frenchman.
identify sb / sth with sth 认为某人 / 某物等同于某物：
You should not identify wealth with happiness.
identify with sb / sth 认同某人 / 某物；与某人 / 某物有同感：
I didn’t enjoy the book because I couldn’t identify with any of the main characters.
识别特征
识别identify
（基本义）
根据人或事物的具体特征“识别”
根据人或事物的抽象特征“识别”
人或事物的特征使之被“识别”
确认；认出；识别
找出；发现
表明……的身份
identify 语义网络图

Once upon a time …
His evil face identified him as a bad person.
_____________
So, Little Red Riding Hood (LRRH ) was very careful with him.
However, she told the wolf that she was going to her grandmother’s house.
表明……的身份
identify
根据上下文，猜测画线单词的释义。
Gray wolf and Little Red Riding Hood
The LRRH failed to identify the grey wolf from her grandmother.
_____________
A passed-by hunter identified that there was something wrong with the snore (打呼噜).
_____________
Soon, the hunter found the identity of the sleeping guy was the grey wolf!
_____________
确认；发现
身份
认出；识别
suspect
The laws I love, the lawyers I suspect.
—— Charles Churchill
西方人向来不乏对律师的揶揄之词。这句话译作“我热爱法律，但我怀疑律师。”
说到怀疑，我们很容易想到doubt，这里为什么用suspect呢？doubt和suspect有什么区别呢
suspect
v [不用于进行时]
vt & vi 猜想；怀疑 to believe that sth may happen or be true：
The doctors suspected cancer.
She strongly suspected he was lying to her.
She’s not going to be very happy about this, I suspect.
vt 怀疑（某人有罪）to think that sb is probably guilty of a crime：
suspect sb of (doing) sth:
They suspect him of a theft.
The policeman suspected him of killing the girl.
认为某事（尤为坏事）可能真实或可能发生，但尚无确切依据。
构词：su- (up to 从下往上) + spect (to look at看) → 从下往上打量着看 → 怀疑
n [C] 嫌疑犯；可疑分子：
question a suspect
adj 不可信的；可疑的：
a suspect package
suspect：to believe that sth bad may happen or may be true
认为某事会发生，尚缺少依据。
The policeman suspected her of stealing the wallet.
辨析 suspect，doubt
doubt：to think that sth may not be true or that it is unlikely
不确定某事或者认为某事不可能。
I doubt if it will rain tomorrow.
spect 词根记词汇
spect
(to look at)
看
suspect v 猜想；怀疑
su- (up to 从下往上) + spect (to look at 看) → 从下往上打量着看 → 怀疑
aspect n 方面
a- (to 去) + spect (to look at 看) → 看待事物的方式 → 事物呈现出来的外观 → 方面
respect v 尊重
re- (back 向后，回) + spect (to look at 看) → 再看、反复看 → 尊重
expect v 期待
ex- (out 向外) + (s)pect (to look at 看) → 向外看 → 期待
inspect v 仔细检查；视察
in- (into 箱内) + spect (to look at 看) → 向内看 → 仔细检查；视察
本单元的词根词缀
说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。
1. The governments have introduced a system to classify foods as healthy or unhealthy.（2014 上海改）
classify：class（种类）+ -ify（to make 使……）→ 使物体分成不同种类 → __________
2. The water is clear and plenty of fish are visible.
visible：vis（to see __________）+ -ible（可……的）→ __________
3. Compared with the corresponding period last year, average temperatures have been low.
corresponding：cor-（together, with each other 相互）+ respond（to answer 回答、回应）+ -ing（形容词后缀）→（两个数据）相互 __________ 的 → __________
将……分类
看（见）
看得见的 / 可见的
回应
相对应的
4. She suspected that one of her three daughters had picked her lost ring up, but the girls said they hadn’t.（2017 浙江改）
suspect：su-（up to 从下往上）+ spect（to look at __________）→ 从下往上打量着看 → __________
5. Police have already identified 10 murder suspects.
identify：identity（身份）+ -ify（to make 使……）→ 使身份暴露、被知晓 → __________
看
怀疑
确认
本单元隐喻典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
needle 针 __________
bury 埋 __________
barrier 障碍物 __________
注射针
掩盖 / 遮盖
障碍
本单元金句汇总
1. It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
2. He buried his face in his hands.
3. In November 1972, by / through trial and error, Tu and her team successfully discovered qinghaosu.
4. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate on them. 2009 浙江
5. You should not identify wealth with happiness.
6. The policeman suspected her of stealing the wallet.
随堂检测
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. We can learn much by being brought into contact with ________ (oppose) opinions.
2. His view of the situation is very strongly opposed ________ mine.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. Many people ____________________（反对）the use of nuclear power（核能）. (opposed)
2. Students have discussions ____________________（而不是）just listening to the teacher. (opposed)
to
oppose & opposed
are opposed to
as opposed to
opposing
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The earthquake caused damage to property _________ (estimate) at $6 million.
2. At ________ rough estimate, Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. To our disappointment, only about 1, 000 finless porpoise（中国长江江豚）___________________________（被估计仍然存活）at present. （2013 重庆）
2. ____________________（据估计） there are about 5000 — 7500 humpback whales worldwide.（2011 上海）
a
are estimated to be still living
It is estimated that
estimate
estimated
bury
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city ___________ (bury) deep in the jungle.
2. Rubbish ____________ (bury) in landfills（垃圾填埋场）is cut off from the surrounding environment.
3. Your letter __________________ (bury) under a pile of papers.
二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。
她自从考试不及格后，就埋头学习。(bury oneself in)
Since her failure in the exam, ____________________________________.
buried
buried
she’s buried herself in her studies
got / was buried
trial
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They succeeded in the experiment on the fifteenth trial. __________
2. The case is now under trial. __________
3. She agreed to employ me for a trial period. __________
4. Trial and error is the source of our knowledge. __________
5. The robots have been on trial for the past year. __________
6. He was on trial for theft. __________
试验
审判 / 审讯
试用期
反复试验 / 不断摸索
试验中
审讯中
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
We need to identify the best ways of reaching our goals.
___________
2. The woman’s accent identified her as an American.
___________
3. Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the plane. ___________
4. She was able to identify the thief who stole her bicycle.
___________
identity & identify
找出
表明……的身份
确认
认出
二、将下列短语翻译成英语。
1. 身份证 _____________________
2. 发现某人的身份 ______________________
3. 保护某人的身份 ______________________
4. 社会认同 ____________________
an identity / ID card
discover sb’s identity
protect sb’s identity
social identity
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
suspect
1. The police suspect him of carrying out two bomb attacks. ________
2. Police have issued a photograph of the suspect. ________
3. The study was carried out with such a small sample that its results
are suspect. ________
怀疑
嫌疑犯
不可靠的
二、用doubt或suspect的适当形式填空。
1. I had __________ whether or not I should attend the meet.
2. A driver __________ of drink driving should provide samples for testing.（2011 福建改）
doubted
suspected
谢
谢
观
赏