北师大版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 2 Professional rescue team 单词课件-（41张）

(共41张PPT)
版本：新北师
单元：必修二 Unit 5 (LESSON 2)
单
词
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. rescue 同义词：save
词块：rescue workers, come to sb’s rescue, rescue sb from
2. vehicle 正式用语
隐喻：具体的“车辆” → 抽象的“手段 / 工具”
3. trap 隐喻：具体的“陷阱”→ 抽象的“圈套”
词块：be trapped in
4. attempt 同义词：try
词块：make an attempt to do / at doing sth, in an attempt to do sth, attempt to do sth
5. interrupt inter- (between 在……中间) + rupt (to break 破) → “在中间破入” → 打断；中断
派生词：interruption
6. death 词族：die, death, dead
7. loss 是动词lose的名词形式；一词多义：基本义“失去”
词族：lose, loss, lost
词块：at a loss
8. damage 精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”
词块：cause / do damage to
9. measure meas- (测量) + -ure，词源同meter
词块：take measures to do sth = take action to do sth
10. operation operate 来自operation，是逆生法；
operate词源：古罗马的年底为祭祀农神萨图恩(Saturn) 的大型节日，一般在每年的12月17日至12月24日间召开。萨图恩虽贵为神，依然手持农具在田间劳动，可见他是多么勤于“工作”。而他的妻子俄普斯(Ops) 是就古罗马神话的丰收之神。
俄普斯(Ops)的名字意思是“丰产；丰富 ”。operate的词根是oper, oper受丰收之神——俄普斯(Ops)的影响，表示“work (工作)”。
词块：have an operation on
11. overseas over (across 越过) + sea
adv 同义词：abroad
12. process 名词动词化：加工；处理
词块：in the process (of)
派生词：processor
14. duty 词块：do one’s duty, it is the duty of sb / it is sb’s duty to do sth
15. suffering suffer + -ing
16. conduct con- (with, together) + duct (to lead) → 引导；带领；正式用语
同根词：educate, product
17. protection protect + -tion
18. nearby near + by
19. breathe 词块：breathe in / out
词族：breathe, breathing, breath, breathless
20. dust 派生词：dusty
重难点词
精讲
attempt
搭配义
一词多义
damage
精准的汉语释义
trap
operation
一词多义
duty
一词多义
搭配义
conduct
一词多义
正式用语与
非正式用语
前缀over-
隐喻
《生活大爆炸》中Sheldon多次引用“It’s a trap!”，模仿《星球大战》中的阿克巴上将。
《星球大战6（绝地归来）》中，阿克巴上将在一次战役归来时发现自己中了帝国伏击舰队的圈套，说出了 “It’s a trap!（这是个陷阱）”。阿克巴上将这句略带喜感的台词后来成为了经典，被广大《星球大战》的粉丝所熟知。
trap
trap
n [C]
（捕鸟兽）陷阱；夹子；罗网：
set / lay / place a trap for mice
（陷害人的）圈套；诡计：
fall into / get out of a trap
牢笼；困境：
the unemployment trap
Some people feel that marriage is a trap.
vt
设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住：
It’s cruel to trap birds.
I trapped my coat in the car door.
把……困住；使陷入困境：
Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
留存；储存（气体 / 水等）：
Because of the greenhouse effect the Earth is
warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
trap语义网络图
陷阱
trap
（基本义）
困住动物的“陷阱”
（捕鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网
牢笼；困境
设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住
n
困住人的困境 / 状态
困住人的“陷阱”
（陷害人的） 圈套；诡计
把……困住；使陷入困境
v
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成句子。
Body language is particularly important when we
__________（试图）communicate across cultures.（2012 全国）
attempt to
try to
attempt
attempt
n [C] & [U] 试图；尝试；努力 (try)：
All attempts by the experts to cure him failed.
The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment.
The team made an attempt to climb / at climbing the mountain.
He made no attempt to hide his feelings.
vt 试图；尝试；企图 to try to do sth, especially sth difficult：
He did not attempt the last question in the examination.
attempt to do sth:
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. 2019 全国
【词汇拓展】
attempted adj [只用于名词前] 企图的；未遂的：
attempted murder / robbery
[U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to:
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n
损害；损坏：
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.
名词动词化，侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
operation
古罗马的年底为祭祀农神萨图恩（Saturn）的大型节日，一般在每年的12月17日至12月24日间召开。萨图恩虽贵为神，依然手持农具在田间劳动，可见他是多么勤于“工作”。而他的妻子俄普斯（Ops）是就古罗马神话的丰收之神。
俄普斯（Ops）的名字意思是“丰产；丰富 ”。operate的词根是oper, oper受丰收之神——俄普斯（Ops）的影响，表示“work（工作）”。
operate v
vi & vt（使）运行；（使）运转 to work or make sth work：
Can you explain how the machine operates
Subway trains operate 24 hours a day in New York.
vt 操作；使用 to use and control a machine or equipment：
This machine is very easy to operate. 2012 辽宁
借助英语释义理解
借助英语释义理解
vi 起作用；奏效 to act or have an effect：
The medicine began to operate at once.
vi 动手术；开刀 ：
Having seen the X-ray, the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
vt 经营；管理：
operate a restaurant / company
借助英语释义理解
operation n
[U] 运行；运转；操作：
There are three lifts in operation.
[C] & [U] 经营；运营：
The new plant is scheduled to go / come into operation in May this year.
[C] 企业；团体 a business company：
a huge multinational electronics operation
通过查询词源可以发现，operate来源于operation。这种构词法 (back-formation) 也叫作逆生法。逆生法与词缀法的构词方式正好相反，它通过截去一个词的词缀或被误认为词缀的成分构成一个更短的新词。
operation词源解读
[C] 手术：
He’s recovering from an operation on his shoulder.
[C] 行动 an activity, often highly organized, that involves many people, actions, days, etc.：
The police have launched a major operation against drug.
[C]（计算机的）运算；操作：
perform various mathematical operations 2012 北京
常用搭配
put ... into operation 实施；使……运转；启用：
It’s time to put our plan into operation.
operate & operation的语义网络图
工作
operate
基本义
机器工作
人使设备工作
工作产生的作用
（使）运行；（使）运转
操作；使用
起作用；奏效
医护人员工作
政企人员工作
动手术；开刀
经营；管理
运行；运转；操作
经营；运营
企业；团体
手术
行动
（计算机的） 运算；操作
operate
operation
duty
翻译下列词块：
student on duty
duty n
[C] & [U]（道德或法律上的）责任；义务：
a sense of duty
It is the duty of every citizen to ask what he can do for his community. 2013 福建
To obey the laws is everyone’s duty.
[C] [用复数]（工作）任务；职责：
One of her duties is to report any absentees.
The duties before me are certain to be heavy.
[U] 值班：
Report for duty at 8 am.
[C] & [U]（购物缴纳的）税；关税：
duty-free shops
import duties
常用搭配
do one’s duty 尽自己的责任：
The parents had done their duty. 2017 全国
on / off duty 值 / 下班；值 / 不值勤：
He goes on duty at 8 am and comes off duty at 5 pm.
duty 语义网络图
义务
duty
基本义
道德或法律上的义务
上班 / 在岗的
义务
购物缴纳额外费用的义务
工作中承担的义务
（购物缴纳的）税；关税
（工作）任务；职责
值班
（道德或法律上的）责任；义务
___________________（做）an experiment
do / conduct
正式用语
根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
conduct
con- (with, together) + duct (to lead) → 引导；带领
同根词：
educate → e- (out) + duc (to lead) + -ate → 引导出来，启发 → 教育
product → pro- (forward) + duct (to lead) → 向前引导的事物 → 产品
conduct词源解读
conduct的词源义是“to lead or bring together”，即“带领”，这也是它的基本义。
conduct v
vt [正式用语] 引导；带领 to lead or guide sb through
or around a place：
The guide conducted us around the West Lake.
vt & vi 指挥（军队、乐队等）：
My friend went home, leaving me to conduct the band.
vt [正式用语] 实施；管理；进行 to organize
or do a particular activity：
conduct an experiment / an interview / a survey
So far we have conducted a variety of activities
on English learning. 2010 湖南书面表达
vt [正式用语] 举止；表现：
Make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 2018 浙江
传导
conduct n [U] [正式用语]
行为；举止 (behaviour)：
Confucius suggested a principle for the conduct of
life: “Do not do to others what you would not want
others to do to you.” 2010 江西改
经营方式；管理方式；组织方式：
His conduct of the business was very successful.
【词汇拓展】
conductor n [C]
（合唱团、管弦乐队等的）指挥
(BrE) （公共汽车）售票员；(AmE) 列车长
文化拓展
孔子（Confucius，公元前551年―公元前479年），子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。孔子开创了私人讲学之风，倡导仁义礼智信。有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。他曾带领部分弟子周游列国十三年，晚年修订《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》六经。去世后，其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成《论语》。该书被奉为儒家经典。
孔子名言：
己所不欲，勿施于人。Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.
学而时习之，不亦说乎 Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application
三人行，必有我师焉。 When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.
conduct语义网络图
引导他人去某地
引导自己的行为
引导军队、乐队等的行为
引导组织或活动
引导；带领
指挥（军队、乐队等）
实施；管理；进行
举止；表现
引导
(基本义)
经营方式；
管理方式；
组织方式
行为；举止
n
v
正式用语与非正式用语
Informal / Neutral（中性的） Formal / Written
害怕的孩子 scared kids / _________ kids
极讨厌的天气 _________ weather terrible weather /
机动车辆 / motor cars motor _________
做实验 / do / carry out an experiment _________
an experiment
陌生的男人 a strange ________ a strange man /
禁止狩猎 / ban / forbid hunting _______ hunting
极好的表演 an ________ show / a great show a very good show /
根据所给提示完成表格。
frightened
horrible
vehicles
conduct
guy
prohibit
awesome
前缀 over-
over- + sea → overseas adv 在国外；向海外 / adj 海外的；国外的
over- + use → overuse v 过度使用；滥用
over- + do → overdo v 把……做得过分 / 过火
over- + take → overtake v 赶上；追上
over- + night → overnight adv 整夜地；通宵地；一下子
over- + coat → overcoat n 大衣；外套
over- + time → overtime n 加班时间；额外工作时间
前缀over-通常加在名词、动词、形容词前，构成合成词。常见的意思有：
前缀over-表示“过多”“过于”“过分”： _____________________
前缀over-表示“在上面”“横越”： ________________________
前缀over-表示“外面的”“覆盖的”：___________________
前缀over-表示“额外的”：______________________________
overuse, overdo
overseas, overtake, overnight
overcoat
overtime
按要求将单词分类。
本单元典型隐喻词
单词 基本义 比喻义
battle 战役 / 战斗
vehicle 车辆
edge 边缘
extent 面积 / 大小
tube 管（子）
较量
手段 / 工具
优势
程度
地铁
随堂检测
一、根据句意选出trap的最佳释义。
_______ 1. She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
_______ 2. The only way to catch mice is to set a trap.
_______ 3. I’ll describe some situations that commonly arise between teenagers and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.（2010 湖北改）
b
a
c
trap
a.（捕捉鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网
b.（陷害人的）圈套；诡计
c. 牢笼；困境
二、根据句意写出下列句子中trap的汉语释义。
1. She felt trapped in her role of wife and mother. __________
2. A greenhouse stays warm because the glass traps the heat of the sun. __________
3. I was trapped into signing my name. _________________
使陷入困境
储存
使中计 / 使陷入圈套
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
Body language is particularly important when we _________________________________（试图跨文化交流时）. （2012 全国）(attempt v)
She _________________________________（试图加入） in their conversation. (attempt n)
They closed the road _________________________________（试图减少）traffic in the city. (attempt n)
They had to abandon（放弃）their ________________（……的尝试）climb the mountain. (attempt n)
attempt
attempt to communicate across cultures
made an attempt to join / at joining
in an attempt to reduce
attempt to
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Operation of the device is extremely simple. ______
2. Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation. ______
3. He’s got to have an operation on his stomach. ______
4. The rescue operation began on Friday afternoon. ______
5. The whole mathematical operation is performed in less than three seconds. ______
6. It’s time to put our plan into operation. ______
操作
operation
经营
手术
行动
运算
执行
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _________ (operate).
2. She’s going to need an operation _______ her shoulder.
3. The lab is ________ operation. The move for the Engineers should be completed next week.（2013 浙江）
on
in
operation
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
___________________________（每个人都有责任遵守）traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. （2015 江苏书面表达）
Doing volunteer work gives the girl _____________________（责任感）.
Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to _____________________（报到）. （2014 广东）
Mary _____________________（上班）at half past ten.
It is everybody’s duty to observe
a sense of duty
report for duty
goes on duty
duty
conduct
写出句中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment for huge profit contributed to causing death and injury to people.（2013 四川改） ______________
2. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. _______________
3. We joined a conducted tour of Egypt. _______________
4. He conducted himself far better than expected. _______________
欺骗行为
进行研究
有导游陪同的旅行
表现
谢
谢
观
赏