北师大版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 4 Information Technology Lesson 3 Internet and Friendships-Reading Club 2 单词

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单
词
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修二 Unit 4 (LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2)
focus词源
来自拉丁语fireplace，壁炉。古罗马时代壁炉边即focus被认为是家庭生活的中心，引申为“集中点”“中心点”。
focus
focus
■ n [C] & [U] (pl focuses / foci)
焦点；焦距 ：
The focus on my camera isn’t working properly.
中心点；关注点：
The focus of attention has changed.
We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.
come into focus 成为焦点
in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的
out of focus 焦点未对准的；模糊不清的
成像的中心点
注意力的中心点
focus
■ vt & vi
（使）调节焦距；调节（……的）焦距：
She turned the camera and focused on Martin’s face.
（使）集中（注意力、精力等）：
The other team was brilliant and we really had to focus.
focus (...) on / upon 集中（……）于；聚焦（……）于：
You should stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. 2010 广东改
By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste. 2014 福建
focus(s)ed adj 注意力集中的：
Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. 2016 北京
maintain
词源解读：maintain由man- (hand，手) + -tain (to hold，拿着) 构成，用手拿着 → “维持” “保持” 。
maintain R3 vt
保持；维持 to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.：
Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
维护；保养 to keep sth in good condition by checking and repairing it：
maintain machinery
He is responsible for maintaining all the buildings.
坚持认为 to keep saying that sth is true even when others disagree or do not believe it (insist)：
He maintained that such things should never be done again.
maintain语义网络图
维持;保持 maintain
（基本义）
“维持”抽象事物
“维持”具体事物
保持；维持
维护；保养
坚持认为
“维持”观点
authority词源解读
在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威”有关，故各释义衍生的基础即基本义为“权威”。
author (n 作者) + -ity
authority n
[C] 权威人士；专家；泰斗 (specialist)：
He is an authority on vocabulary.
[U] 权威；权力；当权 the power to give orders to people：
Teenagers, when they grow up, begin to question their parents’ authority and wisdom.
In Singapore, rank is important and authority is respected. 2014 浙江改
Could I speak to someone in authority (= who has a position of power) here, please
[U]（正式的）许可；授权 the official right or permission to do sth：
No one may enter without my authority.
[C]［常用复数］官方；当局：
health authorities
We reported the train accident to the authorities.
生活中无处不在的deliver
deliver的基本义就是“递送”
deliver
deliver v
vt & vi 递送；传送 to take goods, letters, packages, etc. to a particular place or person：
I usually have fast food delivered to my office. 2018 全国
We promise to deliver free of charge within 48 hours.
vt 发表；表达；讲 to give a speech, talk, etc.
or other official statement：
deliver a speech / lecture
vt 接生；使分娩：
Her husband had to deliver the baby himself.
【拓展词汇】
delivery n [U] & [C]
递送（的物品）:
a delivery man
We’ll post this package special delivery.
分娩；生产
递送deliver
基本义
递送物体
递送演讲、报告等
医生递送新生儿
递送；传送
发表；表达；讲
接生；使分娩
递送
（的物品）
分娩；生产
delivery
deliver语义网络图
error
温故知新
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
When you ______________________________ （犯错误）at study, learn from it and try again.
/ make an error
make a mistake
error较为正式
error n [C] & [U] 错误；差错；谬误 (formal) a mistake：
make an error
Carelessness often leads to errors.
in error 弄错了的 / 地；错误地：
I’m afraid he is in error in saying that.
error 与 mistake 意义相近，但较为正式。
There must be an error in our calculations.
The letter was sent to you in error.
mistake 在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。
I’m not blaming you — we all make mistakes.
I picked up your bag by mistake.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. ______________
2. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals.（2012 广东） ______________
3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument.（2011 全国） ______________
4. His strong arguments persuaded me to accept his conclusions.
______________
argument
争论 / 争吵
论证 / 争辩
争论 / 争吵
论据 / 理由
二、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. They have argued ___________ each other for years ___________ the best way to grow potatoes.
2. When you present reasons why you believe in something, you argue ________ it.
3. Father argued ___________ an increase in my pocket money. His ___________ (argue) is that I used to spend all my pocket money on clothes and snacks
4. The child had an argument ___________ his friend ___________ what game to play.
against
with
about / over
for
argument
with
about / over
一、写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.（2009 江西） ____________
2. You may read any of these magazines, only you must replace it after reading.
____________
二、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced ___________ a modern hotel or not.（2011 重庆）
2. My magic water bottle will be a ___________ (replace) of the traditional one which can change the temperature of the inside water automatically（自动地）according to the changes of the outer environment.（2014 湖南）
取代
放回原处
with / by
replacement
replace
一、在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Listening well also requires total ____________ (concentrate).（2013 江西）
2. He made a ___________ (concentrate) effort to improve work.（2011 上海）
3. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate ________ them.（2009 浙江）
concentration
concentrated
on
concentrate
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. Be quiet — let me _______________（专心做）my homework.
2. In that country, women _______________（集中在）a small number of occupations.
3. I’m ___________________________（集中精力于）writing a book.
concentrate on
concentrate in
concentrating my efforts on
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The calorie（卡路里）content in this ice cream is very high.
__________
2. I am very content with my life at present. __________
3. A bag with its precious contents was missing. __________
4. The content of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed. __________
5. We cannot go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in London. __________
6. You can read to your heart’s content in the library. __________
content
含量
满意 / 满足
东西 / 物品
主要内容
使满足 / 使满意
尽情地
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Honesty is the basis of friendship. __________
2. We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
__________
3. She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications（资历）and ideas. __________
4. On the basis of evidence we deduced（推断）that he was guilty. __________
5. This article will form the basis for our discussion. __________
basis
友谊的基础
定期地 / 经常地
由于 / 因为
根据
作为……的基础
一、翻译下列词块。
1. 在某人看来 _________________________
2. 征求某人的意见 _________________________
3. 某人的个人观点 _________________________
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1) Everyone has the right to _________________________（表达观点）.
2) The media has a powerful influence on _______________（舆论）.
3) Whether or not this is useful is __________________（看法问题）.
ask (for) / seek sb’s opinion
sb’s personal opinion
public opinion
opinion
in sb’s opinion
express an opinion / an idea
a matter of opinion
focus
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed (揭露) about human nature （2015 湖北） _________
2. I think Dave likes to be the focus of attention. _________
3. These topics have recently come into sharp focus. _________
4. The children’s faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. _________
聚焦；关注
关注的焦点
成为焦点
模糊不清
一、写出下列句子中maintain的汉语释义。
1. The building is maintained by a private nonprofit organization. _____________
2. Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of aggressive behaviour and crime in society.（2008 上海） _____________
3. The fifty-two-week money challenge is simple and if it is maintained, it will result in 1378 dollars in your savings account each year.（2016 上海） _____________
4. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children. _____________
保持；维持
坚持认为
维护；保养
maintain
养活；供养
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. Twenty-five percent of the savings are used to ________________（维护系统）.
2. The choice is clear: eat food with empty calories and you will gain weight, eat nutritious food and you will ____________________（保持体重）or lose weight.
maintain the system
maintain your weight
authority
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The authorities have refused to let him enter the country.
__________
2. We need to get the support of someone in authority. __________
3. He has the authority for handling this matter. __________
4. She is one of the world’s leading authorities on fish. __________
5. I’ll give my lawyers authority to act on my behalf. __________
当局
权威
权利
专家
授权
谢
谢
观
赏