北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction-Reading Club 2 单词课件 2（32张

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单
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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 3 (LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2)
新闻里经常报道某个国家的某个城市发生了炸弹袭击，而某个人或某个组织“声称”对该起恐袭事件负责，其中的“声称；宣称”就用claim表示。
claim
新闻中还常有天灾人祸的报道，往往会提及“……夺去了多少人的生命”，这时往往用“灾难或冲突等 + claim + life / lives”表达。
当认为自己有合法权利提出某项要求时可以用 claim。比如，当网购的物品有损坏而要求退款（claim the money back for damages）；汽车因刮蹭向投保的保险公司索赔（claim on the insurance）；认领丢失的财物（claim lost property）等等。
claim v
vi 声称；宣称 to say that sth is true, without having any proof:
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
① claim to be / do sth:
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
② claim + (that) 从句：
Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste
of time.
vt & vi（根据权利）要求；索要；认领 to ask for sth because
you think it’s your legal right to have it：
He should be able to claim back the price of the ticket.
You can claim on the insurance if you have an accident while on holiday.
vt [尤用于新闻报道] 夺去（生命）to cause sb’s death：
Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
人教新必修③ –3
n [C]
声称；断言：
They made claims they couldn’t live up to.
（对事物的）权利；所有权：
There is a large number of patent examiners, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.
要求；索赔：
You can make a claim on insurance policy.
sum
do a sum
sum
做算术
总和
sum 词源解读
sum 来源于拉丁语 summus（最高的）。在一组数字里面，古罗马人喜欢从底向上计数，然后把总数放在顶部。sum 的词源义即为“总数（total）”。
sum n [C]
[常用单数] 总数；总和；全部：
The sum of two and two is four.
That is the sum of our experience.
算术：
do a sum in one’s head
金额：
a large / small sum of money
vi & vt
sum up 总结；概括：
His speech summed up the present situation of economy.
To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
summary（必修二 Unit 6）
adj 概括的；扼要的：
a summary account / explanation
n [C] 总结；摘要；概要：
in summary
Can you give me a quick summary of your research
summarise / summarize vi & vt 总结；概括；概述 (sum up)：
To summarise, this is a clever approach to a common problem.
【温故】
organ 词族
organ（器官 / 人体组织）+ -ise（使……化）→ organise 使有组织地运行，引申为“组织”
organ
organic adj 有机的
organised adj 有组织的；有条理的
organisation n 组织
organiser n 组织者
organism n 生物；有机体
reorganise v 重新组织
organise v 组织
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. I went up to rescue a kite that was ________ (stick) in the branches of a tree.（2014 北京改）
2. A good friend is ________ (will) to offer the help which you need.（2010 重庆）
3. The man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his ________ (freeze) face.（2011 湖北改）
4. The match was postponed（推迟）to the __________ (follow) Saturday because of bad weather.
5. The expert expects the unemployment figures to rise even higher in ________ (come) months.
6. A good future is based on a __________ (forget) past. If you want your life to go on well you have to let go of your past failure.
stuck
willing
coming
frozen
following
forgotten
分词形容词：很多动词的 -ed 形式和 -ing 形式已经成为独立词条，称作分词形容词。其中有一类形容词，如
动词的 -ing 形式可用来表示主动关系；动词的 -ed 形式则可用来表示被动关系。
例如：stuck, willing, frozen, following, coming, forgotten
将上面的分词形容词分类：
表示主动关系：_______________________________
表示被动关系：_____________________________
willing, following, coming
stuck, frozen, forgotten
英语中的metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
本单元隐喻典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
hunt 打猎 / 狩猎 寻找
wipe 擦 抹去（痛苦、回忆等）
wrap 包 / 裹 围住
swallow 吞下 / 咽下 抑制 / 掩饰
话题词汇
描述情感
的形容词
高兴
happy, pleased, joyous / joyful, etc.
afraid, frightened, scared, terrible, etc.
anxious, nervous, worried, stressed out, etc.
angry, annoyed, etc.
sorry, ashamed, etc.
satisfied, etc.
disappointed, hopeless, etc.
sad, unhappy, upset, etc.
moved, touched, etc.
amazed, astonished, curious, surprised, etc.
calm, confident, tired, etc.
悲伤
感动
惊奇
满意
遗憾
忧虑
恐惧
愤怒
失望
其他
本单元金句汇总
1. The surest way to success is sticking to your goal.
2. They got stuck in a traffic jam.
3. The equipment is checked on a regular basis.
4. There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste, with traditional dishes from all over China. 人教新必修③ –3
5. A good teacher suits his lesson to the age of his pupils.
6. Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
7. To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
随堂检测
stick & stuck
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise!（2018 全国） ___________
2. In Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.（2020 山东） ___________
3. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs Byrnes tossed（扔）all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven.（2015 湖南） ___________
4. I got stuck on the first question. ___________
信守诺言
困住 / 无法移动
放
被难住
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 我出不去，我被卡住了。
____________________________
2. 我们堵车堵了一个多小时。
____________________________
I can’t get out. I’m stuck.
We were / got stuck in traffic for over an hour.
relate
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students. （2011 北京） ___________
2. He later related the whole story to me. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The chapter relates _______________ the effects of the Internet on teenagers.
2. Wealth is seldom _______________ (relate) to happiness.
3. The ______________________ (relate) between them is that of teacher and pupil.
三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
Traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations ________________（与……密切相关）public order. (related)（2015 江苏改）
to
叙述 / 讲述
理解
related
relation / relationship
closely related to
一、将下列短语按 regular 的释义分类。
regular 释义 ：规则的；定期的；有规律的 following a pattern, especially with the same time and space in between each thing and the next
regular 释义 ：频繁的；经常的 happening or doing sth very often; frequent
regular 释义 __________________ ____________________
regular 释义 __________________ ____________________
a regular customer
a regular occurrence
on a regular basis
a regular heartbeat
regular
a regular customer, a regular heartbeat, on a regular basis,
a regular occurrence（常事）
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. After years of regular treatment, she finally became healthy. （2016 天津） ____________
2. The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. （2012 安徽） ____________
3. On Monday he would have to return to his regular duties. ____________
4. The handsome actor has a face with regular features.
____________
5. This is the best burger in Houston for sure. I absolutely love getting a cheeseburger, regular fries and a soda here. _____________
正常的
端正的 （a face with regular features 五官端正的脸庞）
规则的
定期的
中份 / 标准的
三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who ______________________________________________（经常锻炼）. （2014 天津）
2. She couldn’t find any _________________ （固定的工作）.
3. I’m a ________________（忠实读者）of your newspaper. （2011 全国）
4. Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she ___________________ （定期拜访）to homeless people. （2017 北京）
exercises regularly 或 takes / does regular exercise
pays regular visits
regular job
regular reader
选出适当的单词并用其正确形式填空。
1. Mary: Mike, how do I look in these blue jeans
Mike: Wow, great! They really ___________ you, Mary!（2014 四川）
2. Only Cinderella’s foot ___________ perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her.（2014 福建）
3. If you can find whatever learning method that ___________ you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.（2011 上海）
4. — The shoes are too tight.
— Well, they do __________ your dress.
suit
fit
suits
match
suit
suit, fit, match
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（2014 福建） ___________
2. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013 福建） ___________
3. “Genius” is a complicated concept, involving many different factors.（2012 上海） ___________
4. Many stories involve some kind of conflict or danger. ___________
参加
需要
涉及
与……有关
involve
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Parents should ___________________（参与）their child’s education.
2. More than 100 people _______________（参与）the project.
3. I was so __________________（全神贯注看书）that I didn’t hear you knock.
4. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress ____________
（与……有关）various events.（2016 上海）
involve themselves in
were involved in
involved in my book
is involved in
claim
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. No one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
（2014 山东） _____________
2. He tried to claim that he had acted in self-defence. _____________
3. The company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”. _____________
4. Heart disease is the biggest killer, claiming 180,000 lives a year.
_____________
认领这只狗
宣称
声称
夺去18万人的生命
5. The group claimed responsibility for a series of accidents.
_____________
6. If you’re still not satisfied, you may be able to claim cash checks.
_________________
7. The Foreign Affairs Department has denied claims that the men were ill-treated. _________________
8. The company had made false claims about its products.
_________________
要求现金支票
否认了……的说法
做了虚假宣传
宣称对……负责
sum
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I was good at sums when I was at school. ____________
2. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. ____________ 3. This is the sum of my achievements so far. ____________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Bill wants to spend ____________________（一大笔钱）to buy a big house.
2. You should ____________________（总结）your argument in the final paragraph.
3. So, ________________________________（总之）, we need to organise our time better.
算术
总和
全部
a large sum of money
sum up
to sum up / in summary / to summarise
谢
谢
观
赏