北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships (LESSON 3 So Close,Yet So Far)词汇课件（30张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 1 (LESSON 3)
本单元词汇梳理
1. socialise social + -ise (使)
2. laptop lap + top
3. constantly 构词法：constant — constantly
4. app application 的缩略词，注意发音，不要读成A—P—P
5. dorm dormitory 的缩略词
6. flow 一词多义，基本义：流动
7. associate as- (加强) + socia (联系) + -ate (表示动词) → 把……联系起来
词块：associate with
8. barely 近义词：hardly, only just
9. reality real + -ity；词块：in reality
词族：real, realization, realize, realistic, reality, really, unreal, unrealistic
10. million 词块：millions of；拓展 billion
11. deadline dead + line
12. desperate de- (without 没有) + sper (hope 希望) + -ate → 没有希望的
一词多义，基本义：绝望的
13. intense 同义词：extreme
14. depressed de- (向下) + press (压) + -ed → 沮丧的 (分词形容词)
词族：depress, depressed, depressing, depression, depressive
15. delay 词块：delay doing sth, without delay
16. chatter chatter 是模仿鸟鸣声构成的拟声词，可以表示动物（如
鸟、猴、松鼠等）的叫声和物体（如牙齿、机器等）发出的声音，也表示“喋喋不休”。
词块：chatter away
17. extraordinary extra- (超过) + ordinary (常规的) → 超出常规的 → 异乎寻常的、非凡的；同源词：ordinary
18. rude 近义词：impolite
反义词：polite
句式：it’s rude (of sb) to do sth, be rude to sb
plain com- (表示强调) + plain (to strike, beat the breast) → 击打、捶胸顿足 → 抱怨
词块：complain (to sb) about / of / that从句
派生词：complaint
20. appointment appoint：a- (to 到) + point (指、点) → 指定时间、指定某人到某岗位 → 约定；任命
词族：appoint, appointment, disappoint , disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
21. alcoholic alcohol + -ic
重难点词精讲
associate
熟词生义
delay
搭配义
complain
隐喻
desperate
一词多义
分词形容词
depress & depressed
一词多义
搭配义
flow
appointment
一词多义
一词多义
flow
Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.
The person who has no personality always goes with the flow.
Only dead fish follow the flow.
（液体、气体、电等）流动；流出：
It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.
[比喻人或事物像水一样]流逝；流畅；流淌：
Time flows away.
Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.
Trucks and cars flowed along the highway.
n [C] & [U] 流；流动：
a flow of people / cars
free flow of information
flow vi
液体、气体、电等“流动”
由具体到抽象
比喻人或事物像水一样“流动”
（液体、气体、电等） 流动；流出
（比喻人或事物像水一样）流逝；流畅；流淌
flow 语义网络图
流动、流出
flow
基本义
根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
I always __________________（把……联系起来）her with roses.
associate
/ associate
connect
重点词块：
connect / associate sb / sth with sb / sth
vi 交往；结交 to spend time with sb, especially sb that other people disapprove of：
I don’t like you associating with such people.
associate
■ v
vt 把……联想 / 联系起来 to connect sb or sth in your mind with sb or sth else：
I associate Switzerland with the Alps.
We tend to associate fresh air with health care. 2019 全国
as- (加强) + socia (联系) + -ate (表示动词) → 把……联系起来
■ n [C] 同事 (colleague)；（生意）伙伴：
business associates
■ adj 副的 having fewer rights in a particular profession or organization：
an associate editor / professor
associated adj 有关的；相关的；有联系的；联合的：
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people. 2014 安徽
【拓展词汇】
association n
[C] 协会；联盟；社团：
the National Basketball Association (NBA)
[C] & [U]（与人或团体的）关联；交往：
His English improved rapidly because of his association with British people. We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
[C] 联系；联想：
There is a proven association between passive smoking
and cancer.
associate & association 语义网络图
在脑海中“联合”人或物
“联合”人际关系
把……联想 / 联系起来
交往；结交
associate
联合
（基本义）
协会；联盟；社团
（与人或团体的）关联；交往
联系；联想
associate
association
desperate adj
绝望的；危急的：
I was so desperate on hearing that. 2008 湖北
不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：
a desperate attempt
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.
极度渴望的；极需要的：
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
词汇拓展
desperately adv 绝望地；非常
from de-（without 没有）+ sper（hope 希望） + -ate →“没有希望的”，其基本义即为“绝望的”。
desperate词源解读
因“绝望”所以不顾一切
想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物
看图猜词义
depress
将（某物）压下；推下；拉下
depress & depressed
［正式用语］将（某物）压下；推下；拉下：
depress a button
使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉:
Rainy weather always depresses me.
使萧条；削弱：
Several factors combined to depress the housing market.
depress vt
from de-（down 向下）+ press（按；压），基本义为“下压”。
depress 词源
词族：depress, depressed, depressing, depression, depressive
depress 语义网络图
下压
depress
（基本义）
“下压”物体
“下压”情绪
将（某物）压下；推下；拉下
使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉
“下压”经济
使萧条；削弱
词汇拓展
depressed adj 抑郁的；沮丧的 very unhappy, often for a long period of time：
Don’t get depressed about the spilt milk.
depressing adj 令人沮丧的
depressive
adj 患抑郁症的；抑郁的
n [C] 抑郁症患者
depression n
[C] & [U] 沮丧；消沉；抑郁（症）：
get into a state of depression
[C] 不景气；萧条期：
His family business was ruined in the Great Depression of
the early 1930s. 2011 山东
press 词根记词汇
press
v 压
impress v 盖印；使留下深刻印象
im-向内；向里 + press → 向内压 → 盖印 → 印入头
脑 → 使留下深刻印象
express v 表达
ex-向外 + press →（把想法）向外压 → 表达
depress v 使沮丧
de- 向下 + press →（使情绪）向下压 → 使沮丧
pressure n 压力
press + -ure ……的行为 → 压的行为结果 → 压力
delay
n [C] & [U] 耽误；延误；推迟：
Too many orders on 11th November caused a delay in delivery.
After a long delay, the plane finally took off.
Please send him the urgent information without delay (= immediately).
vi & vt 耽误；延误；推迟 (put off)：
You’ll lose your chance if you delay.
My flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
delay doing sth:
He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
Don’t complain about life, it only shows your incompetence. The strong never complain about life.
不要抱怨生活，那只能说明你的无能。强者从来不抱怨生活。
—— 阿尔伯特· 爱因斯坦
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein,1879 — 1955）,世界十大杰出物理学家之一，现代物理学的开创者、集大成者和奠基人。作为20世纪犹太裔理论物理学家，爱因斯坦创立了相对论——现代物理学的两大支柱之一（另一个是量子力学），其质能方程E = mc2 著称于世，并因为“对理论物理的贡献，特别是发现了光电效应”的规律而获得1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
complain
complain vi & vt [不用于被动语态] 抱怨；发牢骚：
“I didn’t like that meal at all,” complained the customer.
① complain (to sb) about / of sth:
I’ve really got nothing to complain of.
We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams. 2013 江苏书面表达改
② complain (to sb) + (that) 从句:
Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. 2010 北京
complain 词源解读：com- (强调) + plain (to strike, beat the breast) → 击打、捶胸顿足 → 抱怨
词汇拓展
complaint n
[C] & [U] 抱怨；不满；投诉：
a letter of complaint
I have no complaint about my pay.
Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbours
In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.
[C] 抱怨 / 投诉的事：
I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you’ve given me.
appoint vt
指定；约定：
We appointed a day in June for celebration.
Everyone was assembled in the hall at the appointed time.
任命；委派：
① appoint sb (as) sth:
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 2012 重庆
② appoint sb to sth:
He has been appointed to the committee.
③ appoint sb to do sth:
A nurse was appointed to guard her. 2014 浙江改
a- (to 到) + point (指，点) → 指定时间、指定人到某岗位 → 约定；任命
appoint
appointment n (appoint + -ment)
[C] 约会；约定；预约：
make / keep an appointment
I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
She had an appointment to paint her nails.
[C] & [U] 任命；任职；职位：
He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.
They congratulated him on his appointment as president.
用括号内单词的正确形式填空，体会分词形容词。
1. After a _____________ (depress) trip, I returned home so _____________ (depress) and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to music and trying to find myself again.（2017 天津改）
2. It’s more _____________ (stimulate) for performers to have an audience to play with.
3. I find it slightly _____________ (distract) to have someone watching me while I do homework. I will get _____________ (distract) by it.
很多动词的 -ed 形式和 -ing 形式已经成为独立词条，称作分词形容词。其中有一类分词形容词，如动词的 _________ 形式可用来表示人的感受；动词的 _________ 形式则可用来表示人 / 物给人带来的感受。
depressing
stimulating
distracting
-ing
-ed
distracted
depressed
英语中的metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
本单元隐喻典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
chase 追赶 / 追逐 争取得到
flow （河、水）流动 （人、车）流动
gap 缺口 空白；间隔
handle 拿 处理
flexible 可弯曲的 弹性的
本单元金句汇总
1. We tend to associate fresh air with health care. 2019 全国
2. We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams. 2013 江苏书面表达改
3. In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.
4. I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
5. She had an appointment to paint her nails.
谢
谢
观
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