北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise Writing workshop- Reading Club 2 单词课件（30张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修四 Unit 11 (WRITING WORKSHOP — READING CLUB 2)
本单元词汇梳理
1. ban 近义词：prohibit
反义词：allow / permit
词块：ban sb from (doing) sth
2. cigarette cigar (雪茄) + -ette (表 示“小的”名词后缀)
3. alcohol 词块：drink / consume alcohol；派生词：alcoholic
4. fried fry (v 油炸) + -ed (形容词后缀)
词块：fried food
5. harm 精准的汉语释义：伤害；损害
名词动词化：伤害；损害
词块：do / cause harm to, do / cause … harm
派生词：harmful, harmless
6. desirable desire (v 渴望) + -able (可……的)
7. obesity obese (adj 肥胖的) + -ity (名词后缀)
8. tax 名词动词化：对……征税
词块：charge / pay tax(es), personal income tax
9. false 反义词：true
词块：false teeth / hair, a false argument
10. invest in- (into) + vest (衣服)
本义是“穿上正式的制服”。人们将手中的钱换成股票时，就像给财富换上了一件可以带来滚滚财源的衣服，所以后来用 invest 来比喻这种购买股票的投资行为，invest 也就产生了“投资”的意思。有趣的是，股票交易所中的交易员都身穿马甲 (vest)，vest 和 invest 是同源词。
隐喻：投（资）→ 投入（时间、精力等）
词块：invest (sth) in sth；派生词：investment
11. conclude con- (together) + clud (to shut) + -e (动词后缀) → 共同关闭 (事情) → 结束、终止；同根词：include
词块：conclude from, conclude sth with / by doing sth,
to conclude
派生词：conclusion
12. beneficial bene- (good) + fic (to do) + -ial (形容词后缀) → 做好事的 → 有益的
词块：be beneficial to / for
13. permanent per- (through) + man (to stay) + -ent (形容词后缀) → 从头到尾停留的 → 永久的
反义词：temporary / impermanent
词块：permanent harm / damage / job
派生词：permanence, permanently
14. recovery recover (v 恢复) + -y (名词后缀)
词块：make a recovery from, economic recovery
15. loose 一词多义：基本义“松的”
形容词动词化：松开；释放
词块：let loose
词族：loose, loosely, loosen
16. carpet carp (撕碎) + -et (表示“小的”名词后缀)
词源：carpet 原义是“用拆散、撕开的碎布料制成的粗布”，原本用作桌布或床罩。15世纪时，人们发现把这种粗布铺在冰冷的地板上有御寒效果，人可以跪或坐在上面。此后，将 carpet 铺在地板上成为了一种时尚。 因而产生了“地毯”的含义。
17. ankle 词块：twist / break one’s ankle
18. greed 来自 greedy
词族：greedy, greed, greedily
19. fry 词块：French fries, small fry
派生词：fried
20. request 名词动词化：要求
动词是正式用语，对应 ask for
词块：request sb to do sth, request that sb (should) do sth,
make a request for, at one’s request / at the request of sb
重难点词精讲
conclude
搭配义
harm
精准的
汉语释义
loose
一词多义
ban
搭配义
request
英语释义
搭配义
ban
词源故事
在欧洲的封建时期，封建领主在自己的领地上拥有许多特权，其中之一便是领主可以发布公告，强制要求领地内所有居民做某事或禁止做某事，如要求居民给领主服兵役、禁止在领主的土地上狩猎、捕鱼等。领主所发布的这种公告就是ban。后来，ban 的词义逐渐缩小为“禁止做某事”。
(banned, banning) vt 禁止；取缔 (prohibit)：
课文改 In my opinion, we should ban advertisements for any unhealthy products such as alcohol and fried food.
ban sb from (doing) sth:
She was banned from the game for two years after failing a drug test.
n [C]［常用单数］禁止；禁令：
They are now protected by an international ban on whaling.
ban
反义词：
allow / permit
harm
n [U] 伤害；损害；危害：
课文改 There is a minimum of harm to the patient’s brain.
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him.
cause harm to / cause ... harm 对……造成损害
do harm to / do … harm 伤害 / 对……有害：
Too much drinking will do great harm to you. / Too much drinking will do you great harm.
vt 伤害；损害：
课文 Undoubtedly, unhealthy products harm our health.
词汇拓展
harmless adj 无害的 反 harmful
harmful R3 adj 有害的 反 harmless：
the harmful effects of tobacco
Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.
必修二 Unit 5
根据所给提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。
By July the research team had __________（结束） the main part of its work.
finished
conclude
concluded
正式用语
vi & vt [正式用语] 结束；终止 to end or to bring sth to an end：
The story concluded with a happy ending.
To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
conclude sth with / by doing sth:
He concluded his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
vt 推断出；断定 to form an opinion as the result of thought or study：
What can be concluded from the last paragraph 2014 江西
Aristotle concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.
conclude v
构词：con- (together) + clud (to shut) + -e (动词后缀) → 共同关闭 (事情) → 结束、终止
conclusion n [C]
结论；推论：
make / rush to a conclusion
jump to conclusions
The judge’s conclusion was that Mr Smith was innocent.
［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾 (end)：
When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, his teacher invited the rest of the class to praise him. 2019 全国改
温故
选必二 Unit 5
构词：conclude + -ion (名词后缀)
常用搭配
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论：
They came to a conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
in conclusion 最后；总之 (finally)：
In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who has helped us.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources. 2010 福建书面表达改
Loose lips sink ships.
loose
祸从口出。/ 言多必失。
猜猜该谚语的汉语翻译
adj
松的；宽松的：
课文 You trip on a loose piece of carpet and twist your ankle.
Don’t wear loose clothes in the lab.
loose hair
自由的；无束缚的：
Don’t let your pet loose in public places.
不严谨的；松散的：
If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused.
loose
反义词：
tight
控制不严的：
loose mouth / tongue
let loose 释放；放任：
Just close your eyes and let loose your imagination.
vt 松开；释放
【词汇拓展】
loosely adv 松散地；粗略地
形容词动词化
loose 语义网络图
衣物等“松的”
组织、逻辑等
“松的”
控制“松的”
松的；宽松的
自由的；无束缚的
控制不严的
松的
（基本义）
loose
vt
adj
松开；释放
口风“松的”
不严谨的；
松散的
在正式的邀请函中经常会用到一些惯用的敬语，如“敬请光临 ”、“请届时出席”等等。那么大家知道这些敬语如何用英文表达吗？
request
敬请光临 ___________________________
请届时出席 ______________________________________
Your presence is requested.
Your presence is requested for the occasion.
比较下面两个句子，说说 ask 和 request 的区别是什么？
She asked him to wake her at 6 o’clock.
She requested him to wake her at 6 o’clock.
正式用语多用在严肃的正式场合，如商业信函、报告、讲座、会议，以及与陌生人和比自己级别高的人的礼貌交谈中。非正式用语则多用在放松的非正式场合，如与熟人的日常交流，包括会话和书信往来等。总的来说，书面语多用正式用语，口语多用非正式用语。
request 是正式用语
request
n [C] & [U]（正式的）要求；请求：
make a request for help
In Japan, the “OK” sign is a request for small change.
The pianist listened to our request that he (should) play in public again.
at sb’s request / at the request of sb 应某人的要求：
The students were there at the teacher’s request.
vt [正式用语] 请求；要求 to ask for sth or ask sb to do sth in a polite or formal way：
Request the honour of your presence.
You can request a free ticket for the show at the reception desk.
request
request sb to do sth:
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
request + that ... (should) do sth:
We request that the discussion (should) be put off.
与 ask (for) 同义，但 request 更正式
本单元金句汇总
1. Too much drinking will do great harm to you. / Too much drinking will do you great harm.
2. To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
3. Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
随堂检测
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. John was banned _________ the meeting.
2. There should be a ban _________ talking loudly in cinemas.
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 室内公共区域和工作场所禁止吸烟。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他被禁止驾驶六个月。
_________________________________________________________
ban
from
on
Smoking is banned in public indoor areas and workplaces.
He was banned from driving for six months.
harm
一、根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
1. Too much TV-watching can _________ （损害）children’s ability to learn.（2010 辽宁）
2. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are _________ （有害的）to people.（2010 广东）
二、翻译下列句子。
乱扔垃圾使我们的学校脏乱，并且有损学校的形象。
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Littering makes our school dirty, and does harm to
the image of our school.
harm
harmful
conclude
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. It’s safe to _____________________（推断出）it is reasonable to include English which facilitates（促进）daily communication.（2014 浙江）
2. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it _____（以……结束） important points. （2013 浙江）
3. What can we ________________（从……得出结论）Stafford’s research （2009 全国）
4. She __________________（结束时说）she was proud to be from Salford.
conclude
conclude that
conclude from
concluded by saying
with
loose
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
The students are asked to tie back their loose hair in the lab
________
2. Don’t let your dog loose on the beach. ________
3. He is wearing a loose shirt. ________
4. It’s a loose translation of the poem. ________
5. I have a loose tooth. ________
宽松的
不准确的
放任自由
松动的
披散着的
request
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. 他们要求再给一些援助。(request n)
They _____________________ further aid.
2. 应你们的要求，我们将寄送详尽的节目说明。(request n)
We will send you full program descriptions _____________.
3. 我写信是想请求你们帮我把包找回来。（2010 重庆书面表达)
I am writing to you to _____________________ find the bag back.
4. 她要求不要向任何人透露她的决定。（被动语态）
She requested that no one ___________________________.
made a request for
(should) be told of her decision
at your request
request you to help me
谢
谢
观
赏