北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit 12 Innovation (LESSON 2 Aha Moment)单词用法讲解课件（35张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修四 Unit 12 (LESSON 2 — LESSON 3)
本单元词汇梳理
1. emerge e- (out) + merge (to sink) → 从沉没中出来 → 浮现、出现 (基本义)
词块：emerge from, the truth emerge
派生词：emergency
2. incidence 来自 incident
词块：by incidence
3. clueless clue (线索) + -less (没有、无)
同后缀词：careless, harmless, countless, regardless 等
词块：be clueless about
4. evaluation evaluate 来自 evaluation (逆生法)
逆生法的词：editor → edit, historical → historic, sculpture
→ sculpt
5. theoretical 来自 theory
词块：theoretical physics；派生词：theoretically
6. overcome over (在上、超过) + come (来到) → 赶上、超过敌人、困难等 → 战胜、克服
词块：overcome the enemy / difficulties / challenges, be overcome with sorrow
7. PhD 全称为 Doctor of Philosophy (博士学位)
Bachelor’s / Master’s degree (学士 / 硕士学位)
8. cosmology cosmos (宇宙) + -logy (……学)
同后缀词：biology, ecology, psychology 等
9. grand 词源同 great
词块：the Grand Canyon, Tianjin Grand Theatre, the grand prize
10. decline de- (down 向下) + cline (to bend 弯、转) → 向下弯曲 →
下降 (基本义)
同前缀词：depress, design, decrease, debate, defeat, define, *deduce
隐喻：数量的“下降”→ 身体状况的“下降” → 衰退
意为“拒绝”时是正式用语，对应 refuse
v 词块：decline by, decline to do sth
n 词块：the economic decline, a sharp / dramatic decline in, decline of
11. in spite of 同义词：despite (despite 较文雅一些)
12. bonus 词块：a Christmas bonus, an added bonus
13. gravity grav (heavy) + -ity (名词后缀)
词块：Newton’s law of gravity
重难点词精讲
emerge
一词多义
decline
grand
熟词生义
一词多义
根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
John __________________（出现）from the building and walked to the parking lot.
appeared
/ emerged
尤用于书面语中
emerge
emerge
构词：e-（out 出来）+ merge（to sink 沉没）→ 从沉没中出来 → 浮现、出现（基本义）
emerge vi
浮现；出现：
The moon emerged from behind the clouds.
（事实、想法等）显露；暴露 (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known：
课文All we need to understand is that creative insights take time to grow
or emerge.
Eventually the truth emerged.
兴起 to begin to be known or noticed：
Impressionism emerged in France. 人教新选必③ – 1
emerge语义网络图
事实、想法等“浮现”
某种新事物“浮现”，开始被人所知
emerge
浮现
（基本义）
人 / 物等从隐蔽处或暗处“浮现”
浮现；出现
（事实、想法等）显露；暴露
兴起
emergency
n [C] & [U] 紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻：
an emergency exit / call / aid
an emergency room (AmE)
the emergency medical team 2021 全国
拓展
构词：emerge （出现） + -ency（名词后缀）
grand
The Grand Canyon 一般指美国科罗拉多大峡谷。科罗拉多大峡谷是世界上最长的峡谷之一，也是地球上自然界七大奇景之一。大峡谷全长约 446 千米，平均宽度约为 16 千米，最深处可达 2 133 米，平均深度超过 1 500 米。
雄伟的；壮丽的；盛大的；宏大的：
课文 In The Grand Design, Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
a grand view of sunrise
the Grand Canyon
重大的；主要的；（官衔、地位）最高的：
the grand prize
the Grand Old Man of British theatre
［非正式用语］极好的：
Walking in the woods is a grand adventure. 2021 新高考
grand
词源：grand 词源同 great, 强调巨大雄伟的外观和气势。
decline
decline
decline
看图猜词义
减少；下降
拒绝
v
vi 减少；下降：
The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
vi 衰退；衰落：
课文 Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
Our brain can decline as we grow older for
lots of reasons. 2020 浙江
构词：de-（down 向下）+ cline（to bend 弯、转）→ 向下弯曲 → 下降（基本义）
decline
vi & vt [正式用语]谢绝；拒绝 (refuse)：
Mary declined Jay’s invitation to dinner.
In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. 2012 山东
n [C] & [U] 减少；下降；衰退；衰落：
the economic decline
There is a sharp decline in population.
Research suggests that natural disasters may have led
to the decline of Maya civilisation. 外研新选必④ – 5 改
比refuse正式
decline 语义网络图
decline
下降
基本义
质量、身体状况“下降”
“下降”
别人的邀请
数量“下降”
谢绝；拒绝
减少；下降
衰退；衰落
v
n
减少；下降；
衰退；衰落
本单元金句汇总
1. The moon emerged from behind the clouds.
2. Eventually the truth emerged.
3. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. 2012 山东
随堂检测
emerge
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A wonderful idea emerged in my mind. _____________
2. Many facts emerged as a result of the investigation. _____________
3. The cultural life of the country will sink into atrophy（衰退）unless more writers and artists emerge. _____________
4. It has been very heartening to see new writing emerging.
_____________
5. Operational Research is a newly emerging subject. _____________
浮现 / 出现
暴露 / 显露
出现 / 露头
问世 / 出现
新兴 / 兴起
grand
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We had a grand view of sunrise when we climbed to the top of the mountain. _____________
2. Each grand prize winner can take two people on the free trip.（2020 山东改） _____________
3. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their permission.（2021 新高考） _____________
壮丽景色
大奖
极好的主意
在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The super star declined __________________ (interview v).
2. They encourage kids to politely decline __________ (do)
things that they believe are wrong.（2014 江苏）
3. Scientists estimate that shark populations in the north-west Atlantic Ocean have declined _________ an average of 50% since the early 1970s.
4. In the US, the monthly decline _______ vehicle sales accelerated for the last three months, falling 41% in February from a year earlier.
to be interviewed
to do
decline
by / to
in
随堂检测
一、选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. All ________________________（捐款）will be gratefully received.
2. Many people have ____________ that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs more.（2012 北京）
3. The lady has ____________________ a considerable amount of savings to help college students struggling with financial difficulties.（2014 广东）
二、将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 有些公司发现仅仅向慈善机构捐钱是不够的。(donate)
____________________________________________________________
2. 他给那所学校捐了一万美元。(donation)
_______________________________________________________________
donate & donation
He made a donation of 10,000 dollars to / toward(s) the school.
Some companies find it not enough to simply donate money to charities.
contributions / donations
donated
donated / contributed
donate, donation, contribute, contribution
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The text and the pictures don’t seem to correspond. _____________
2. The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. _____________
3. I’ve been corresponding with several experts in the field.
_____________
二、在空白处填上1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The witness’s statements correspond _________ the evidence.
2. The editor welcomes ________________ (correspond) from readers on any subject.
相符合 / 相一致
correspond
大致相当于
通信
with / to
correspondence
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A new government cannot bring about instant change. _________
2. Paul prefers instant coffee to tea. _________
二、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. ______________（立即）her mood had changed. (instant)
2. Just ______________（刹那间）I thought he was going to refuse. (instant)
三、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。
她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间 。(the instant that)
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The instant that she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.
立刻的 / 立即的
速溶咖啡
instant
In an instant
for an instant
谢
谢
观
赏