北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs单词课件（24张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修四 Unit 12 (LESSON 1)
1. scientific science 的形容词形式
词块：make scientific breakthroughs, a scientific experiment
2. microscope micro- (微小的) + scope (观察仪器)
同前缀词：microblogging, microwave
同根词：telescope；词块：under a microscope
3. donate don (to give) + -ate (动词后缀) → 给予 → 捐赠 (基本义) 同根词：donor (捐赠者), pardon
词块：donate … to …；派生词：donation
4. correspond cor- (together with) + respond (to answer) → 相互应答 (基本义)；词块：correspond with / to
词族：correspond, corresponding, correspondent, correspondence
本单元词汇梳理
5. instant in- (on, upon) + st (to stand) + -ant (形容词后缀) →
站在身边的 → 立刻的
同根词：stand, distant, constant
词块：instant messenger, instant coffee / noodles, for an instant, in an instant, the instant (that) …
6. launch 基本义“投掷”，引申义“发射；发动”(可联系神舟十三号)
词块：launch … into, launch a campaign / new enterprise
7. orbit orb (circle, track) + it (to go 行走) → 绕着轨道走
名词动词化：沿轨道运行
词块：put … into orbit, orbit (around) sth
8. particle part (部分) + -i- + -cle (表示“小的”名词后缀)
同后缀词：muscle
9. premier 词源同 primary, *prime
10. outspoken out- (向外) + spoken (speak 的过去分词)
同前缀词：outsource, *outskirts
11. subsequently subsequent + -ly (副词后缀)
subsequent：sub- (closely) + sequ (to follow) + -ent (形容词后缀)；同根词：consequence, consequent
12. relativity relative (相对的) + -ity (名词后缀)
13. constant con- (表示强调) + st (to stand) + -ant (形容词后缀) →
始终站着的 → 固定的、不变的 (基本义)
同根词：distant, instant, assistant
派生词：constantly
14. finding find (v 发现) + -ing (名词后缀)
15. biologist biology (生物学) + -ist (从事……的人 / 专家)
同后缀词：educationalist, chemist, specialist, physicist 等
16. penicillin 音译词“盘尼西林”
来自拉丁语 penicillus“画笔”，词源同 pencil，因青霉素菌形似画笔而得名
17. perceive per- (thoroughly) + ceive (to grasp, take) → 完全抓住 →
察觉、理解；同根词：receive；词块：perceive oneself as
18. million 词块：millions of；表示数量的词：hundred, thousand, billion
19. humble 意为“谦卑的；虚心的”时反义词：proud
词块：be humble about；派生词：humbly
20. outcome 来自短语动词 come out (结果是)
类似构词：income, input, intake, outbreak, output
21 navy nav (ship 船) + -y (名词后缀) → 船上的军队 → 海军
词块：join the navy
22. accuracy accurate (准确的) + -cy (名词后缀)
词族： accurate, accurately, accuracy, inaccurate, inaccurately, inaccuracy
23. missile miss (to send) + -ile (名词后缀)
同根词：dismiss, mission
24. physicist physics + -ist (从事……的人 / 专家)
同后缀词：educationalist, chemist, specialist, biologist
25. joint 来自 join
词块：ankle / knee joints, a fast food joint, in a joint effort
26. tube 熟词生义：地铁 (英式英语)
词块：a test tube, go by tube / take the tube
地铁的不同叫法：在英国用 tube 或 underground，在美国用 subway，在世界其他地区用 metro
27. circuit circu (round) + it (to go 行走)
28. efficiently efficient (有效率的) + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：efficient, efficiency, efficiently, inefficient
29. propose pro- (forth 向前) + pose (to put, place) → 向前摆放出 →
提出 (基本义)
同前缀词：progress, promote, prospect, protest, proceed
同根词：pose, oppose, compose, expose
词块：propose doing / to do sth, propose + that … (should) do sth, propose to sb；派生词：proposal
重难点词精讲
correspond
一词多义
英语释义
donate & donation
辨析义
instant & constant
词根
launch
一词多义
英语释义
propose
一词多义
英语释义
9
donate & donation
donate
√
contribute
√
donate
√
contribute
√
donate
√
contribute
×
donate vt & vi
捐赠；赠送：
The retired man donated most of his savings to
the school damaged by the earthquake. 2010 江苏
献（血）；捐献（器官）：
课文 Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
donation n [C] & [U] 捐赠；赠送；捐赠物；捐款：
a generous / large / small donation
构词：don (to give) + -ate (动词后缀) → 给予 → 捐赠 (基本义)
donate & donation
【词汇拓展】
构词：donate + -ion (名词后缀)
二者均可表示“捐献”，其后均可接 to。表示捐钱或衣物时，二者可互换使用。
It is more meaningful to donate / contribute books and sports goods to children in need. 2013 江苏改
donate 还可以表示“献血” 。
Many people have donated that type of blood. 2012 北京
contribute 侧重指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、 物力、智力等。此外，contribute 还可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
The scientist often contributes to an academic journal.
辨 donate, contribute
辨 donation, contribution
二者均可指人们为支持某团体、某机构而提供的物品，如为某学校、剧团等所捐赠的钱、物、设备等。
make a contributon / donation to charity
donation 除了指为某团体、某机构而提供的物品外，还特指向穷苦人民、受灾群众捐赠的衣服、粮食或物品等。
This is a donation of money to the disaster area.
correspond vi
相符合；相一致 to be the same as or match (agree)：
Your account of the events does not correspond with / to hers.
相当；相类似 to be similar to：
The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
［正式用语］通信：
课文 Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters
to emailing and sending instant messages.
词汇拓展
correspondent n [C] 记者；通讯员
correspondence n [C] & [U] 一致；相似；通信；信件
构词：cor- (together with) + respond (to answer) → 相互应答 (基本义)
同族词： correspond, corresponding, correspondent, correspondence
“相互应答”内容
“相互应答”特征
“相互应答”信件
相符合；相一致
相当；相类似
通信
correspond 语义网络图
相互应答correspond
基本义
instant: in- (on, upon) + st (to stand) + -ant (形容词后缀) →
站在身边的 → 立刻的
constant: con- (表示强调) + st (to stand) + -ant (形容词后缀) →
始终站着的 → 固定的、不变的
词根 st (to stand)
adj［常用于名词前］立刻的；马上的 (immediate)；即食的：
an instant reply
instant coffee / noodles
instant messenger 即时通讯
n [C]［常用单数］瞬间；片刻 (moment)：
I couldn’t answer for an instant.
In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 2010 陕西
the instant (that) 一……就：
The instant (= As soon as) she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.
instant
constant
adj
固定的；不变的：
课文 Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant.
drive at a constant speed
［常用于名词前］不停的；连续不断的；持续的：
A constant dropping wears away a stone.
She needed constant medical attention.
n [C] 常量；恒量
【温故】选必一 Unit 1
constantly adv 经常地；不断地
launch 语义网络图
“投掷”船、火箭或卫星等
使（船）下水；发射
把……投放市场
发射
v
把产品“投掷”到市场
“投掷”活动等
发动；创办
n
发起
投掷
launch
（基本义）
（新产品的）投放市场；（新书的）发行
propose
He (建议) changing the name of the company at the last meeting.
suggested
/ proposed
正式用语：用于较正式的场合或文体
vt [正式用语] 提出；提议；建议 to formally suggest sth as a possible plan or action：
课文 During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.
propose doing sth：
The report proposes extending motorways.
propose + that … (should) do sth：
A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund (should) be established to raise money.
vt [正式用语] 打算；计划 to intend to do sth：
He proposed buying / to buy a new car.
vi & vt 求婚：
I’ve proposed to her.
构词：pro- (forth 向前) + pose (to put, place) → 向前摆放出 → 提出 (基本义)
propose v
proposal
n [C] & [U] 建议；提议 a formal suggestion or plan ：
put forward a proposal
He made a proposal (= proposed) that the
meeting (should) be postponed.
构词：propose + -al (名词后缀)
【温顾】必修三 Unit 8
propose 语义网络图
“提出”建议、计划等
提出；提议；建议
求婚
建议；提议
“提出”结婚
“提出”打算做某事
打算；计划
proposal n
提出propose
（基本义）
本单元金句汇总
1. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake.
2. The instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.
3. A constant dropping wears away a stone.
4. He proposed buying / to buy a new car.
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