北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 Education Lesson 2 The Objectives of Education (LESSON 2)词汇课件（29张）

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A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
版本：新北师
单元：选择性必修二 Unit 5 (LESSON 2)
本单元词汇梳理
1. objective object (物体) + -ive (……的) → 物体的，即不带个人情感的、就事论事的 → 客观的
objective (adj 客观的) 反义词：subjective
objective (n 目标) 近义词：goal
词块：set / achieve / pursue an objective
2. gain 一词多义：基本义“获得”
词块：gain from, gain knowledge / weight, weight gain, no pain no gain
3. well-rounded well + round (v 使成圆形) + -ed
4. pursue pur- (forward 向前) + sue (to follow 跟随) → 向前跟随 → 追赶 (基本义)
词块：pursue sb’s dream
5. critical crit (to judge 判断) + -ic (名词后缀) + -al (形容词后缀) → 爱作
判断的 → 批判的；挑剔的；词块：be critical to, critical thinking
6. cognition co- (表示强调) + gn (to know 知道) + -ition (名词后缀) → 知道的过程 → 认知
7. core 词块：core value
8. insight in + sight → 眼睛看进去、用心灵的眼睛去看 → 深入了解
词块：give sb insights / an insight into sth
派生词：insightful
9. civil civil与city同源，词源义为“市民的、公民的”，西方人认为，古代人类历史的初级阶段，人类都是散居的，从事农业活动，发展到一定程度后才出现了城市，才分化出非农业人口，因此，他们认为城市生活是人类历史比较高级的发展阶段，是比较高级的文明阶段，所以生活在城市里的市民要比生活在农村的人口更加文明、更加文雅，因而civil衍生出“文明的”“有礼貌的”意思。
派生词：civilise, civilisation
10. educate e- (向外) + duc (to lead 引导) + -ate (动词后缀) → 把学生内
在的天资引导出来 → 教育
词块：educate sb on sth；派生词：educated, education, educator
11. moral 词块：moral standards；派生词：morally, immoral
12. contribute con- (together 一起) + tribute (贡品) → 一起把贡品献给…… →贡献 (基本义)
词块：contribute to, contribute (sth) to sth
词族：contribute, contributor, contribution
13. finance 派生词：financial
14. economics 构词：economic — economics
15. expose ex- (out 向外) + pose (to place 放置) → 向外放置 → 使显露；使暴露
一词多义：词源义和基本义是“使显露、使暴露”
词块：expose (oneself) to sth；派生词：exposure
16. surrounding surround (v 包围) + -ing
词族：surround, surrounding, surroundings
17. uncritically un- + critical (adj 批评的) + -ly
18. judgement judge (v 判断) + -ment (名词后缀)
词块：make a judgement on / about sth
19. regardless regard (n 注意、关心) + -less (没有、无) ；词块：regardless of
20. behave 词块：behave oneself；派生词：behaviour
21. circumstance circum (around 环绕) + st (to stand 站) + -ance (名词后缀) → 环绕着站的事物 → 周边情形 → 情况
词块：in / under ... circumstances, in / under no circumstances
22. citizen 来自古法语citeien，由拉丁语civis (市民) 变化而来。古法语citeien的字面意思是“居住在cite里的人”。法语中的cite后来演变为英语单词 city。古希腊和古罗马时代只有市民才有政治权利，所以citizen既是“市民”，也是“公民”。
23. conclusion conclude — conclusion
词块：in conclusion (= finally) , arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion
24. definition 构词：define — definition
25. respectively respective (adj 各自的) + -ly
26. responsibility responsible (adj 负责的) + -ity (名词后缀)
词块：take / have responsibility for = be responsible for, accept / shoulder responsibility, it’s sb’s responsibility to do sth
27. priority 来自prior (adj 优先的)；词块：a top priority
28. stimulate stimul (to prick 刺) + -ate (动词后缀) → 刺(激)某物 → 刺激
(基本义)
词块：stimulate one’s interest
派生词：stimulating, stimulation
29. initiative 词块：take the initiative to do sth, the Belt and Road Initiative
30. autonomous auto- (self 自己) + nomous (law 法律)
31. brilliant 词块：a brilliant idea, a brilliant musician
派生词：brilliantly
32. demonstrate de- (entirely 完全) + monstr (to show 显示) + -ate (动词后缀) → 使完全显示出来 → 证明
派生词：demonstration
33. assess 精准的汉语释义：
① “评”价，强调定性
② 估“算”，强调定量
派生词：assessment
重难点词精讲
gain
一词多义
pursue
objective
辨析义
一词多义
contribute
一词多义
finance
英语释义
expose
一词多义
英语释义
behave
英语释义
搭配义
circumstance
搭配义
辨析义
stimulate
一词多义
demonstrate
一词多义
responsibility
搭配义
词根词缀
objective
温故知新
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
If we’d all work together, I think we could ________________
（实现我们的目标）.
achieve / reach our goal
objective比goal更正式
achieve / reach our objective
■ adj 客观的 反 subjective：
an objective assessment / analysis
objectively adv 客观地
■ n [C] 目的；目标 (goal)：
set / achieve an objective
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. 2020 山东
A way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives. 2019 全国
objective
词源解读：object（物体）+ -ive（……的）→ 物体的，即不带个人情感的、就事论事的 → 客观的
【词汇拓展】
object
■ n [C]
物体：
Signs in the zoo warn people not to feed the animals or throw objects.
对象：
an object of study
目标；目的：
The object of the game is to improve children’s language skills.
［语法］宾语
■ v
vi 反对；不赞成：
If nobody objects, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.
object to (doing) sth:
Why do some people strongly object to human cloning
We object to leaving him alone.
vt 提出……作为反对的理由：
object + that 从句：
They objected that the schedule was too tight.
objection n [C] & [U] 反对；反对的理由：
Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it.
这四个词都含有“目标”之意。
objective最正式；表示想要达到的目标时可用objective, goal, target，不用object。
I will try to reach my objective / goal / target because I want to live an exciting life.
target后可接area, audience, group等词，表示“目标范围 / 观众 / 群体”。
It’s a clear advantage if you can identify with your target audience.
goal及target的目标可以是数字，如销量、考试分数、日期等。
They achieved their goal / target of increasing sales by five percent.
objective, target, goal, object
析
辨
No pain, no gain.
gain
■ v
vt（使）获得；赢得 to get or win sth, especially sth that is wanted or needed：
gain a degree
Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher.
vt & vi 获（益）to get an advantage from (doing) sth：
gain advantages from
There’s nothing to be gained by losing your temper.
We gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. 2009 安徽
gain较为正式
vt 增加 to gradually get more of sth 反 lose：
I have gained a lot of weight recently.
The young people gradually gain confidence in their abilities.
vt & vi（钟、表等走得）快 反 lose：
My watch gains (by) several minutes a day.
gain ground 变得更强大 / 更成功 / 更有效；逼近
■ n
[C] 好处；利益；[U] 利润：
The official’s illegal gains will be turned in to national treasury.
He will do anything for gain.
增加 反 loss：
a gain in earnings
Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.
gain 语义网络图
“获得”某物
钟表等“获得”时间
“获得”益处
“获得”体重、信心等
（使）获得；赢得
获（益）
增加
（钟、表等走得）快
获得
gain
（基本义）
好处；利益；利润
增加
v
n
写作高级用词，经常与抽象名词搭配使用：
1. We all gained a lot from the experience.
2. The plane rapidly gained height.
3. We managed to gain entry through a back window.
4. “Sense of gain”, which means the public share the fruits of reform with happiness, gains popularity rapidly.
5. No pain, no gain.
behave
妈妈经常会跟孩子说“要乖乖的哦！” “乖乖的哦!” 这句话用英语怎么表达呢？
Behave yourself!
vi 表现 to act in a particular way (act)：
He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was / were an adult.
vi & vt（使）举止规矩；（使）表现得体
to act in a correct or appropriate way：
badly- / well-behaved children
behave oneself:
Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better
behave themselves. 2011 浙江
behave v
基本语义
语义缩小
behavio(u)r
[U] 行为；举止：
I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places.
2012 福建书面表达
[C] & [U]（物体等）反应；性能；行为方式；习性：
Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.
【温故】选必一U1
人
物
珍妮·古道尔(Jane Goodall)，是世界上拥有极高声誉的动物学家，致力于野生动物的研究和保护。她在二十多岁时前往非洲的原始森林，为了观察黑猩猩，度过了三十八年的野外生活。她奔走于世界各地，呼吁人们保护野生动物、保护地球的环境。
circumstance
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. We don’t usually accept late applications, but ________________________________________（在这种情况下）we will make an exception.
2. __________________________________（在任何情况下都不）should you leave this house.
in this case
/ in / under the circumstances
In no case
/ In / Under no circumstances
circumstance n [C]
［常用复数］情况；情形 the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.：
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况）the conditions of a person’s life, especially the money they have：
financial / social / personal circumstances
in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下：
Under the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident.
It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances. 2012 江西改
circumstance
词源解读：circum（around 环绕）+ st（to stand 站）+ -ance（名词后缀） → 环绕着站的事物 → 周边情形 → 情况；情形
in / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不：
Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
辨析：circumstance, environment
circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。
● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。
We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances.
● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.
友谊是一种甜蜜的责任，
绝不是一种机会。
—— 纪伯伦
纪·哈·纪伯伦（Kahlil Gibran, 1883 — 1931）黎巴嫩作家、诗人、画家，阿拉伯文学的主要奠基人，20世纪阿拉伯新文学道路的开拓者之一，被称为艺术天才、黎巴嫩文坛骄子。其主要作品有《泪与笑》(A Tear and a Smile)，《先知》(The Prophet)，《沙与沫》(Sand and Foam)等，纪伯伦、鲁迅和泰戈尔是近代东方文学走向世界的先驱。
[U] & [C] 责任；职责：
shoulder (a) responsibility
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.
It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment.
— OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
— You can’t run away from / escape your responsibilities. 2012 江苏改
[U]（对不良事件所负的）责任：
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 2010 天津
No one is willing to accept responsibility for the accident.
responsibility n
responsible + -ity
have a responsibility for (doing) sth / to do sth
accept / assume / bear / shoulder / take responsibility for sth
responsibility falls on sb
share responsibility
avoid / escape responsibility
a big / heavy / huge responsibility
full / total responsibility
collective / shared responsibility
social responsibility
a sense of responsibility
responsibility
的搭配
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