(共15张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
第二编 语 法 知 识
语法学案9 形容词、副词和介词
考点1 cannot与enough连用
考点精讲
cannot与enough连用, 表示“再……也不为过”。
注意：enough的此种用法还可用“cannot (never等否定词). . . too. . . ”表达。
典例剖析
—Mary, look, what did I find
—Oh, my lost key I can’t thank you much enough. (＝I can’t thank you too much. )
——玛丽, 你看, 我找到什么了
——噢, 我丢失的钥匙 太感谢你了。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
1. —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can___________________(再小心也不为过)in the street.
考点2 形容词作状语
考点精讲
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果, 并不表达动作的方式。
典例剖析
After a long journey, the three of them got back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后, 他们三个回到了家, 又饿又累。
never be too careful
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
2. He lay in bed, ____________.
他躺在床上醒着。
考点3 形容词作定语
考点精讲
形容词一般放在被修饰词的前面作定语, 但要注意形容词放在被修饰词后面的情况。
(1)形容词如：alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep, worth等作定语时, 常放于被修饰词的后面。
(2)形容词在修饰somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时, 需要置于其后。
典例剖析
The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.
仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒的。
wide awake
高考一轮总复习
—Is there anything wrong, Bob You look sad.
—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I was just thinking of my friends.
——鲍勃, 有什么不对吗 你看上去闷闷不乐的。
——噢, 没什么, 其实我在想念我的朋友。
对应训练
3. There is________________ (没错)with your words.
4. The road________ (前面的)is full of stones.
考点4 多个形容词作定语的情况
考点精讲
巧记形容词的排序口诀：县(限)官行(形)令(龄)宴(颜)国材。
常用的顺序为：限定词(these, those)+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形态性形容词+新旧
nothing wrong
ahead
第二编 语 法 知 识
(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途+被修饰词
典例剖析
All the first three good little young Chinese student writers are all fond of English.
前三位中国的年轻而又优秀的小学生作家都很喜欢英语。
对应训练
5. This_____ girl is Laura’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. pretty Spanish little
C. little pretty Spanish D. little Spanish pretty
考点5 倍数表示法
考点精讲
表示倍数的句型
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
A
高考一轮总复习
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
典例剖析
This building is three times higher than that one.
＝This building is three times as high as that one.
＝This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
对应训练
6. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced________________________________________.
自从新技术被引进以后, 这家工厂2012年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
twice as many cars in 2012 as the year before.
第二编 语 法 知 识
7. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is__________________.
我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的小得多, 但却是我们房子两倍的价钱。
考点6 介词搭配
考点精讲
1. “名词＋介词”构成的短语
attention to对……的注意；devotion to 对……的奉献；a visit to 对……的访问；interest in对……的兴趣；comments on对……的评论；application for 对……的申请；an influence on对……的影响；confidence in对……的信心；contact with 与……取得联系
2. “介词＋名词”构成的短语
in case以防, 万一；in trouble处于困境；by chance偶然
twice as expensive
高考一轮总复习
地；in fact实际上；in time及时；in danger处于危险之中；in vain徒劳地；in return作为……的回报
3. “介词＋名词＋介词”构成的短语
at the cost of以……为代价；in honor of为纪念……；in place of代替；for fear of以免……；in harmony with与……协调一致；on behalf of代表；in terms of就……而言；in response to作为对……的回应
4. 动词与介词搭配的短语
dream of梦想；insist on坚持；depend on依靠；belong to 属于；lead to导致；deal with 处理；argue about 争论；call on 拜访；refer to 提到
5. 形容词与介词搭配的短语
anxious about 对……感到忧虑；far from远离, 决非；nervous about 因……不安；successful in 在……方面很
第二编 语 法 知 识
成功；dependent on依赖于……；responsible for 对……负责；absent from 缺席……；proud of因……自豪；famous for因……闻名；ashamed of对……感到愧疚；loyal to 忠诚于……；harmful to 对……有害；popular with 受……欢迎
对应训练
8. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much_____. ［2012课标卷］
A. the best B. best
C. better D. the better
9. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are____ it.
［2012陕西卷］
A. against B. for C. to D. with
D
A
高考一轮总复习
10. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _____ another to play it well yourself. ［2011全国卷Ⅱ ］
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
11. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place_____ the main road at the far end of the lake. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. to B. for C. off D. out
12. We used to see each other_____, but I haven’t head from him since last year. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. especially B. regularly
C. particularly D. approximately
13. The hotel is almost finished, but it_____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests. ［2012四川卷］
A. only B. also C. even D. still
A
C
B
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
1. —Jack is really a brave guy.
—So he is. And we can’t admire his courage_____.
A. too much B. a lot
C. very much D. a little
2. I was sleepy. I decided to make myself some_____ coffee so I could work_____.
A. weak；better B. strong；well
C. strong；better D. weak；well
3. You’d better go there by train. The train ticket is_____ the airplane ticket.
A. as cheap three times as
B. as three times cheap as
C. three times cheaper than
D. cheaper three times than
A
C
C
高考一轮总复习
4. —What does the UFO look like
—The wings of it are_____ of its body.
A. more than the length twice
B. twice more than the length
C. more than twice the length
D. more twice than the length
5. On snowy days, you have to drive very_____ to avoid traffic accidents.
cautiously B. neatly
C. smoothly D. properly
6. She gave me a_____ watch as the birthday present.
A. nice Swiss little B. nice little Swiss
C. little nice Swiss D. Swiss nice little
C
A
B
第二编 语 法 知 识
7. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has_____ IQ.
a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
8. —Jim, are you_____ this Saturday
—Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop_____ the bank on Saturday.
A. convenient；and B. convenient；as well as
C. available；with D. available；as well as
9. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have_____ for her, but now all her worries are gone.
A. in need B. in time
C. in preparation D. in store
B
D
D
高考一轮总复习
10. —Going to work today, Brenda
—No. It’s my day_____ today.
A. out B. in C. away D. off
11. Ballet is not popular_____ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.
A. in B. with C. among D. on
12. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged_____ how great their achievements are.
A. in spite of B. in charge of
C. in favor of D. in terms of
13. Parents are advised to keep pressure_____ their children and give them some encouragement before an exam.
A. off B. over C. from D. to
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D
A
D
A(共16张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
高考一轮总复习
语法学案12 情 景 交 际
考点1 邀请和应答
考点精讲
邀请
Would you like to come to. . . /
Can you come (with us) /
I’d (We’d) like to invite you to. . .
应答
Oh, yes, thank you. /
Yes, I’d love (like, be happy) to. /
I’d love to, but I am sorry. . . /
That’s very kind (nice) of you. /
第二编 语 法 知 识
Yes, I will. That would be very nice. /
Of course. I’ll be glad to.
典例剖析
—Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.
—_____ What if she refuses me ［2012重庆卷］
I don’t know.
B. Why me
C. With pleasure.
D. So what
剖析 句意：——瞧, 你的梦中女孩来了。邀请她跳舞
吧。——我没把握, 要是她拒绝我怎么办呢 考查情景交
际中的社会交往话题。Why me 为何是我呢 With
pleasure. 很乐意。So what. 那又如何 均不符合语境。
故选A。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
1. —Are you going to see The Flower of War by Zhang Yimou
—_____ It’s said to be too good a film to miss.
A. No problem! B. That’s for sure.
C. Why me D. Why bother
考点2 劝告、建议和应答
考点精讲
劝告、建议
You’d better. . . /You need to. . . /You should. . . /Shall we. . . /Let’s. . . /What (How) about. . . /Why don’t you. . . /Why not. . .
应答
Why not /Good idea！/OK！Let’s. . . /I couldn’t agree more. /It’s up to you. /No way！/Thanks. I will.
B
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don’t.
—_____. Confidence is really important. ［2012天津卷］
It’s not my cup of tea
B. That’s not the point
C. I don’t think so
D. I couldn’t agree more
剖析 句意：——你得相信自己。如果你不相信自己, 没
人会相信你。——我完全同意。信心的确很重要。I
couldn’t agree more. 我完全同意。It’s not my cup of tea.
那不是我喜欢的。That’s not the point. 那不是重点／关
键。I don’t think so. 我不这样认为。故选D。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
2. —It often rains in that area. Please take an umbrella with you.
—_____.
A. Well, it just depends B. All right, go ahead
C. Yes, take one with me D. OK, just in case
考点3 感谢和应答
考点精讲
感谢
Thank you (very much)！/
Thank you for your. . . /
Thanks a lot. /Many thanks. /
That’s (It’s) very nice (kind) of you to. . . /
I’m really very grateful to you.
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
—May I help you You seem to be having some problems.
—_____, thanks. I think I can manage. ［2012安徽卷］
All right B. No problem
C. It’s all right D. There’s no way
剖析 考查情景交际。句意：——需要我帮忙吗 你似乎
遇到麻烦了。——没事, 谢谢。我想我能行。It’s all
right. 没关系, 没什么事。All right. 好吧。No problem.
没问题。There’s no way. 不可能。根据后面的I think I
can manage可知C项正确。
对应训练
3. —Let me help you prepare dinner, Mom.
—_____, but your homework has not been done. You’d better finish it first.
That’s all right B. You’re welcome
C. That’s very kind of you D. I’d love to
C
高考一轮总复习
考点4 道歉和应答
考点精讲
道歉
I’m sorry for (about, that). . . /Sorry to trouble you. /I’m sorry to give you so much trouble. /Excuse me (for. . . )
应答
It doesn’t matter. /Never mind. /That’s all right. /Forget it. /It’s nothing. /That’s OK.
典例剖析
—Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in traffic.
—_____. You’re here e in and sit down.
［2012北京卷］
A. You are welcome B. That’s right
C. I have no idea D. Never mind
第二编 语 法 知 识
剖析 句意：——对不起, 我迟到了。我遇到了交通阻塞。——没关系, 你现在到了。快进来坐下。本题考查情景交际。You are welcome. 别客气；不用谢。That’s right. 那是对的。I have no idea. 我不知道, 均不符合题意。Never mind不要紧, 没关系, 符合题意, 故选D。
对应训练
4. —I’m sorry I took your bike by mistake.
—Oh, really _____.
A. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter
C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care
考点5 请求允许和应答
考点精讲
请求允许
May (Can, Could) I. . . /I wonder if I could. . . /Would (Do) you mind if I. . . /Would you mind my doing. . .
B
高考一轮总复习
应答
Yes, (do) please. /Of course. /Go ahead, please. /That’s OK. /No problem. /Of course, if you wish. /With pleasure. /Not at all. /I’d rather you didn’t.
典例剖析
—What shall we do tonight then
—_____ whatever you want. ［2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ］
A. Help yourself B. It’s a deal
C. No problem D. It’s up to you
剖析 考查情景交际。句意：——那么今天晚上我们干什么 ——你定吧, 你想干什么都行。Help yourself. 请自便。It’s a deal. 一言为定, 成交。No problem. 没问题。It’s up to you. 由你决定。故选D。
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
5. —Do you mind me putting your photo on the Internet
—_____.
A. Yes, go ahead, please B. No, I do mind
C. I’d rather you didn’t D. No, I’d love to
考点6 同意、不同意和应答
考点精讲
同意、不同意
I think. . . /I don’t think. . . /Don’t you think. . .
应答
Good idea. /Maybe. /
You are quite right. /
No, I don’t think so. /
I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you.
C
高考一轮总复习
典例剖析
—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.
—Sure. _____. ［2012四川卷］
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will
剖析 句意：——约翰, 再见。有时间再过来。——一定, 我会的。此处用will并非表示时态, 而是表示“意愿”。故选D。
对应训练
6. —Jack, I’m afraid I can’t return this novel to you by this weekend.
—_____. There’s no rush.
A. Take it seriously B. Good luck
C. Take your time D. Be careful
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
1. —Poor Steve！I could hardly recognize him just now!
—_____. He has changed so much.
A. Never mind B. No problem
C. Not at all D. Me neither
2. —Could I ask you a rather personal question
—Sure,_____.
A. pardon me B. go ahead
C. good idea D. forget it
3. —Bruce, I really appreciate your handwriting.
—_____.
A. I practice every day B. Thank you very much
C. No, I don’t think so D. Well. It’s not good enough
D
B
B
高考一轮总复习
4. —Do remember to carry the bike into the room in case it rains.
—_____.
A. Of course not B. Take your time
C. Got it D. Don’t mention it
5. —I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone It’s rather urgent.
—Yes, _____ . ［2012辽宁卷］
A. with pleasure B. no burry
C. it doesn’t matter D. of course
6. —I’m sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier.
—_____. I’ve just arrived. ［2012陕西卷］
A. That’s no trouble B. You are welcome
C. That’s all right D. You can never tell
C
D
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
7. —Are you going to Tom’s birthday party
—_____. I might have to work. ［2011山东卷］
It depends
B. Thank you
C. Sounds great
D. Don’t mention it
8. —I love the Internet. I’ve come to know many friends on the Net.
—______. Few of them would become your real friends.
［2012安徽卷］
That’s for sure
B. It’s not the case
C. I couldn’t agree more
D. I’m pleased to know that
A
B
高考一轮总复习
9. —Don’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.
—______！I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious. ［2012江苏卷］
A. What a relief B. Congratulations
C. How surprising D. I’m so sorry
10. —Excuse me. How much is the shirt
—_____. ［2012四川卷］
A. Extra large B. 50 each
C. It sells well D. Altogether there are 5
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A
B(共15张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
第二编 语 法 知 识
语法学案7 名词、冠词和代词
考点1 名词词义辨析
考点精讲
此类题主要考查名词辨析和对句意的理解。
典例剖析
My first_____ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. ［2012山东卷］
A. expression B. attention
C. satisfaction D. impression
剖析 我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良有思想的青年。expression表示“表达”, attention表示“注意力”, satisfaction表示“满意”, impression表示“印象”, 故选D。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
1. The door and the windows were all closed and there was no_____ of forced entry.
A. scene B. signal C. sign D. sight
考点2 抽象名词具体化
考点精讲
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的抽象名词, 具体指特定的某一件事时, 这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
典例剖析
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.
他的新书获得巨大成功。
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
用冠词填空
2. I didn’t think my chances of______ success were very good.
3. The gift came as_____ complete surprise to me.
4. He expressed_____ surprise that no one had offered to help.
5. Of her plays, three were successes and one was_____ failure.
考点3 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指
考点精讲
冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法归纳如下：
(1)单数名词
不定冠词a (n)
不填
a
the
a
高考一轮总复习
①泛指单一、每一、任一事物
②表类指
定冠词the
①特指上文提到过的人或事物；被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物；说话双方所默认的人或事物；世界上独一无二的事物
②专指
③类指
(2)复数名词和不可数名词
定冠词the
①特指上文提到的人或事物；被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物；说话双方所默认的人或事物
②专指
第二编 语 法 知 识
零冠词
①泛指人或事物
②类指
典例剖析
There’s a dictionary on the desk by your side.
剖析 a dictionary泛指一本词典；the desk特指你旁边的桌子。
I know a John Lennon, but not the one you know.
剖析 a John Lennon泛指一个John Lennon；the one特指你认识的那个John Lennon。
对应训练
6. He missed_____ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.
［2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ］
A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a；不填
C
高考一轮总复习
7. Carl is studying_____ food science at college and hopes to open up_____ meat processing factory of his own one day. ［2012安徽卷］
A. /；a B. /；the C. the; a D. the; the
考点4 it, that, one的区别
考点精讲
(1)it意为“它”, 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。
(2)that意为“那个”, 指代那类人或事物, 既可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词, 也可以指代单数可数名词, 指代单数可数名词时相当于the one。
(3)one意为“一个”, 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”。
A
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow it
—No, I’d rather buy one in the bookstore.
——图书馆还有一本这样的书。你去借它吗
——不, 我宁愿到书店里买一本。
The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from that spoken in England.
在美国所说的英语与英国所说的英语仅有稍微差别。
对应训练
用it, that或one填空
8. Your story is interesting, but I don’t like_____.
9. I haven’t a car, I want to buy_____ next year.
10. In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than_____ in Guangzhou.
it
one
that
高考一轮总复习
考点5 no one, nobody, none, nothing的区别
考点精讲
no one, nobody表示“没有人, 谁也不”, 只指人, 作主语时, 后跟动词单数形式, 常可用来回答who引导的问句。
none“没人, 没有任何东西”, 既可指人, 也可指物。none后可接of短语, 常用来回答how many/much引导的问句。
nothing意为“没有东西”, 一般回答what引导的问句。
典例剖析
Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him.
查尔斯独自一人在家, 没有人照顾他。
—How many of you have seen the film
—None (of us).
——你们中有多少人看过这部电影
——一个也没有。
第二编 语 法 知 识
—Wow！You’ve got so many clothes.
—But none of them are in fashion now.
——哇！你衣服真多啊！
——但是没有一件跟上潮流。
—What’s in the cave
—Nothing.
——洞里有什么
——没什么。
对应训练
11. —How many English books have you read
—_______.
一本也没读。
12. ______ of the books is/are interesting.
13. —Who went to see the film
—_______________. 谁也没去。
None
None
No one/Nobody
高考一轮总复习
14. —What is in the box
—_________. 什么都没有。
考点6 one, ones, the one, the ones, that的区别
考点精讲
one用来替代前面出现的泛指的单数名词, 相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。
ones用来替代前面出现的泛指的复数名词。
the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词, 有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。
the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词, 有时可用those替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。
that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词, 相当于“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”。
Nothing
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one(＝a present) that I had never seen.
张先生给了我一个非常珍贵的礼物, 一个我从来没见过的(礼物)。
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones(＝many presents) that I had never seen.
张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物, 这些(礼物)是我从来没见过的。
The book on the desk is better than that/the one(＝the book) under the desk.
桌子上那本书比桌子底下那本书好。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones(＝the books) under the desk.
桌子上那些书比桌子底下那些书好。
高考一轮总复习
Few pleasures can equal that(＝the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么快乐能比得上炎热天气里一份冷饮带来的快乐。
对应训练
用上面适当的代词填空
15. The vase on the left is more beautiful than________ on the right.
16. The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than _____ in Mexico.
17. His younger sister is taller than the elder_____.
18. I need the plastic bags, not the paper______.
the one
that
one
ones
第二编 语 法 知 识
1. I woke up with _____ bad headache, yet by _____ evening the pain had gone. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an
2. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _____ of them wants to, because they have work to do. ［2012全国新课标卷］
A. either B. any C. neither D. none
3. No matter where he is, he makes_____ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. ［2012陕西卷］
A. him B. this C. that D. it
4. The people living in that apartment have free_____ to that swimming pool.
A. time B. access C. entrance D. care
C
C
D
B
高考一轮总复习
5. It is generally accepted that_____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like_____ man. ［2011新课标全国卷］
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; /
6. —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency
—Well, you know, English is my. So it is my_____ best choice. ［2012福建卷］
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
返回目录
继续
A
A(共30张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
第二编 语 法 知 识
语法学案10 情态动词与虚拟语气
考点1 情态动词的基本用法
考点精讲1 can和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
在打篮球方面, 无人能与姚明相媲美。
(2)表示惊讶, 常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢
(3)cannot. . . too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。
高考一轮总复习
You can’t be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
典例剖析
I_____ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. ［2012陕西卷］
A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
剖析 考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t. . . too. . . , 意思是：再……都不为过, 故选B。
考点精讲2 may和might的用法
(1)may和might表示“许可”, “可能性”, “祝愿”等意义。在给予别人许可时, 常用can, 但有时也用may。不能用might；“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好；满可以；倒不如”。
第二编 语 法 知 识
May I take the book out
我能将书带出吗
We may as well stay where we are.
我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
(2)may作“可以”讲时, 其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时, 其否定式是“needn’t”, 表示“不必”。
—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No, you mustn’t. You read it here.
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗
——不, 决不可以。你在这儿读。
典例剖析
I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I_____ do in China. ［2012四川卷］
A. must B. might C. can D. should
高考一轮总复习
剖析 考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们足够近以听见他们说汉语, 而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。
考点精讲3 must的用法
(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。
You mustn’t park here!
你不可以在这儿停车！
(2)表示“偏执”；“固执”。
Must you make so much noise
你非得弄出这么大声吗
典例剖析
—_____ you interrupt now Can’t you see I’m on the phone
—Sorry. Sir, but it’s urgent. ［2012重庆卷］
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
第二编 语 法 知 识
剖析 考查情态动词。句意：——你现在一定要打断我吗 难道你没看到我在打电话吗 ——对不起, 先生, 事情很急。根据语境选C。
考点精讲4 shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中, 表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir？
先生, 我明天什么时候到你家接你呢
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.
假如你做那种事, 我就不支持你。
高考一轮总复习
典例剖析
One of our rules is that every student_____ wear school uniform while at school. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
剖析 考查情态动词。shall用于第二、第三人称, 表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须穿校服。故选C。
考点精讲5 will和would的用法
(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么, 如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于表示过去的情况。
John promised his doctor he would not smoke.
约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟, 但是他就是不听。
第二编 语 法 知 识
(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作, 有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨, 他总是沿着小河散步。
(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作, 比used to正式, 但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
When I was young, I would listen to the radio, waiting for my favorite songs.
当我还是个小女孩的时候, 我常听着收音机, 等待我最喜欢的歌。
典例剖析
Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _____ say where he was. ［2012江苏卷］
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
高考一轮总复习
剖析 考查情态动词。mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。根据句意应选C项。
对应训练
1. —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
—I am afraid you_____ , in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will B. must C. may D. can
2. If you _____ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
3. Some young people these days just_____ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
B
C
B
第二编 语 法 知 识
考点2 情态动词表“推测”
考点精讲
1. can用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测, 意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中表示推测, 意为“可能”, 有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测, can’t意为“不可能”, 语气很强烈。
It is usually warm in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
三月份通常很暖和, 但有时也会相当冷。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting
布什先生做什么事情都很准时, 他怎么可能开会迟到呢
I’m afraid Mr. Harding can’t see you now. He’s busy.
恐怕Mr. Harding现在不能见你, 他很忙。
高考一轮总复习
2. may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测, 意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测, may not意为“可能不”, 表示一种不太确定的语气。
I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place
我可能会来晚一点, 请你帮我保留个位置好吗
This may not be done by him.
这可能不是他做的。
3. must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中, 意为“一定；必定”, 表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时, 我们老师想必在批改试卷。
第二编 语 法 知 识
4. should用来表示推测时意为“应该”, 即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
He should be here on time—he started early enough.
他该按时到这里, 因为他出发得够早的。
典例剖析
It_____ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
［2011江西卷］
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口, 才六点钟呢。can’t 不可能。根据后一句“现在仅仅是六点”, only一词肯定语气强烈, 前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
4. —I don’t like James. Why did you invite him
—Don’t worry. He_____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not
C. would not D. might not
5. —How’s your new babysitter
—We_____ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B. might C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
6. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _____ be regular exercise.
A. can B. will C. must D. may
D
D
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
7. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _____ just be quiet people.
A. must B. may C. should D. would
考点3 “情态动词+have+过去分词”的用法
考点精讲
1. can/could have done表示“本来可以做, 而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”, 疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定, 其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定, “不可能做过”。
He cannot have forgotten it.
他不可能忘记它了。
I could have worked out the problem, but I didn’t.
我本可以解决这个问题, 但我没做。
B
高考一轮总复习
典例剖析
We_____ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me ［2012北京卷］
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have faced
剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难, 但是你为什么不告诉我呢？could have done表示过去本可以做某事, 但实际未做。故选C项。
2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测, 意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱, 语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
He might have seen the surprise in my face. 他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。
第二编 语 法 知 识
3. must have done表示对过去行为的推测, 意为“一定；想必”, 语气十分肯定。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
地面是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。
4. should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn’t/ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
I should have left London before 9, but I didn’t.
我本该在9点以前离开伦敦, 但是我没有。
典例剖析
They_____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. ［2011新课标全国卷］
A. will B. can C. must D. should
高考一轮总复习
剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：他们本该午饭时到达, 但他们的航班推迟了。should have done本来应该做某事而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果, 说明他们本来该到达却没有到达, 故选D。
5. needn’t have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
You needn’t have done the washing up.
你本不必洗那些餐具。
典例剖析
We_____ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. ［2012江西卷］
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
剖析 考查情态动词的用法。may not不可以, needn’t不需要, can’t不可能, mustn’t绝不可能。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭, 我们没必要买这么多食物。故选B。
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
8. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, you_____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
9. It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
C
C
C
高考一轮总复习
11. What a pity！Considering his ability and experience, he _____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
考点4 虚拟语气
考点精讲1 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现
在情况 动词过去式(be
的过去式用were) should/would/could/
might+动词原形
表示过
去情况 had+过去分词 should/would/could/
might+ have+过去分词
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
表示未
来情况 should+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形
动词过去式
were to+动词原形
If I had time, I would attend your party.
如果我有时间, 我就去参加你的宴会。
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
要是我们走其他的路, 我们可能及时到达这儿参加会议了。
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos.
如果明天下雪, 我们就照相。
高考一轮总复习
注意：若条件句中有were, had, should, 可把if省略, 而把were, had, should放在主语前, 形成倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
如果你来得早些, 你就能赶上公交车。
典例剖析
We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold_____ us a ride home. ［2012天津卷］
A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer
C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
剖析 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Harold不送我们回家, 昨天我们可以打的。表达与过去的事实相反, 从句用过去完成时, 主句用would have done。故选D。
第二编 语 法 知 识
考点精讲2 错综时间虚拟条件句
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了, 你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去, 主句指现在)
考点精讲3 含蓄虚拟语气
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达, 而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导。
But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
没有你的帮助, 我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
I was so busy then, otherwise I would have gone to help him.
那时我太忙了, 否则我就去帮他了。
高考一轮总复习
典例剖析
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_____ more places of interest yesterday. ［2012福建卷］
A. visited B. had visited
C. would visit D. would have visited
剖析 考查虚拟语气。从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟, 前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”, otherwise(否则)后半句是对过去的虚拟would have done。故选D。
考点精讲4 某些从句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后接宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气, 形式为：(should+)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告, demand要求, desire渴望, command命令, insist坚决要求, prefer宁愿,
第二编 语 法 知 识
urge主张, order命令, recommend劝告；建议, request要求, require要求, suggest建议, 以及这些词的名词形式。
He demands that he (should) be told everything.
他要求将一切告诉他。
(2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。
对现在情况的假设：wish+主语+动词过去式(be用were)
对过去情况的假设：wish+主语+had+过去分词
对将来情况的假设：wish+主语+would+动词原形
I wish she had taken my advice.
那时她要是听我的话就好了。
(3)would rather后跟从句时用虚拟语气, 表示愿望, 意为“宁愿；但愿”。
I would rather you paid the money yourself. (现在)
我倒宁愿你自己付钱。
高考一轮总复习
I would rather she had not done that. (过去)
我宁愿她(过去)没做那事。
(4)在“It is (about/high) time+ that从句”中, 谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。
It is high time that people learnt English.
到了人们该学英语的时候了。
(5)if only引导的感叹句中, 用虚拟语气表示愿望。
If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!
要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。
(6)在as if从句中, 看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
天看上去似乎要下雨。
第二编 语 法 知 识
She talked about it again and again as if she would never end.
她反复谈论那件事, 好像永远也谈不完。
典例剖析
Don’t handle the vase as if it_____ made of steel.
［2012北京卷］
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
剖析 考查虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用were。故选B。
对应训练
12. —Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they_____ always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
A
高考一轮总复习
13. I _____ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming
C. would come D. would have come
14. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I_____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended B. had attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I_____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. ［2012湖南卷］
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
D
D
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
2. If my car_____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. ［2012陕西卷］
A. was B. had been
C. should be D. would be
3. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I_____ find the money. ［2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ］
A. can B. might C. would D. need
4. It’s quite warm here; we_____ turn the heating on yet.
［2012天津卷］
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
5. I _____ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.
［2012全国新课标卷］
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
B
A
C
D
高考一轮总复习
6. If we_____ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. ［2012山东卷］
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
7. If you _____ smoke, please go outside.
［2011大纲全国卷］
A. can B. should
C. must D. may
8. Maybe if I_____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. ［2011北京卷］
A. studied B. would study
C. had studied D. was studying
D
C
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
9. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone _____ it. ［2011江苏卷］
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
10. —What do you think of store shopping in the future
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_____. ［2011安徽卷］
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
返回目录
继续
B
C(共29张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
高考一轮总复习
语法学案11 主谓一致和特殊句式
考点1 主谓一致
考点精讲1 就近一致原则
(1)由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
典例剖析
The basketball coach, as well as his team, _____ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. ［2012陕西卷］
A. were B. was C. is D. are
第二编 语 法 知 识
剖析 题干中主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team, 谓语动词单复数形式应与the basketball coach保持一致, 故排除A项和D项。根据语境after the match for their outstanding performance可知谓语动词的时态应为一般过去时, 故选择B项。
注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后, 谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
对应训练
1. _____ neither you nor I fit for the work
你和我都不适合这份工作吗
2. Henry, rather than Jane and John, ____________ for the loss.
损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。
Are
is responsible
高考一轮总复习
考点精讲2 意义一致原则
下列几种形式作主语时, 句子谓语用单数形式。
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念, 兼具身份或匹配出现。
“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。
非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语时, 句子谓语用复数形式。
典例剖析
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
第二编 语 法 知 识
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
注意:what引导的主语从句, 谓语动词一般用单数形式, 若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式, 则谓语动词用复数形式。
对应训练
3. To go to bed early and to rise early_____ a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好的习惯。
4. Whatever was left_____ taken away.
无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
5. What they need_____ books.
他们需要的是书。
is
was
are
高考一轮总复习
6. Persuading him to join us_______ really hard.
劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
考点2 强调
考点精讲1 强调句型
强调句的基本句型是“it is/was＋被强调的部分+that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
(1)强调人时可用who, 强调其他任何部分都用that。
It is only children who/that make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday.
是因为她妈妈病了, 她昨天才没来上学的。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前, 特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that+其他部分 ”。
seems
第二编 语 法 知 识
Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street
你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗
Who was it that told you such a thing
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的
Why was it that you didn’t come to the meeting yesterday
究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会
I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited.
我只是想知道到底是什么事情使他那么兴奋。
(3)not. . . until. . . 句式的强调句型是“it is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜, 我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
高考一轮总复习
典例剖析
—Was it by cutting down staff_____ she saved the firm
—No, it was by improving work efficiency.
［2012上海卷］
A. when B. what C. how D. that
剖析 判断一个句子是否是强调句时, 可去掉句中的it is/was和that, 如果剩下的部分在结构和意义上完整, 那就是强调句。本题干是强调句的一般疑问句, 句中被强调的部分是状语by cutting down staff, 去掉句中的it was和that后, 原句变为She saved the firm by cutting down staff. 故选Ｄ。
对应训练
把画线部分变成强调句的被强调部分
第二编 语 法 知 识
7. These poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_________
8. She was injured in the accident because she was driving very fast.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. What present have you bought for your son
________________________________________________
考点精讲2 用助动词强调谓语
如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词, 我们在该动词前加助动词do, does或did。
It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
It was because she was driving very fast that she was injured in the accident.
What present is it that you have bought for your son
高考一轮总复习
Many of the films are from the USA, but we do give awards to films from other countries.
许多电影来自于美国, 但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。
He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.
他上周日的确来看过你, 但是你出去了。
对应训练
10. In my opinion, Mr. White_____ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.
A. does does B. does did C. does do D. did do
11. —What did she want to know, Tom
—She wondered_____ we could complete the experiment.
A. when was it B. it was when that
C. it was when D. when it was that
C
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
12. How long is it_____ we last spent the holiday in the country together
A. before B. when C. since D. that
考点3 倒装
考点精讲1 完全倒装
(1)there be＋主语＋. . . , 此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
好像机器出了点问题。
(2)here/there/now/then/thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell. Let’s go into the lecture hall.
铃响了, 我们进入演讲大厅吧。
Be quick！Here comes the bus.
快点！公共汽车来了。
C
高考一轮总复习
(3)out/in/up/down/away/off/back/over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出来。
Away flew the birds.
鸟儿飞走了。
(4)介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
At the foot of the mountain lies a village.
山脚下有一个村庄。
(5)表语＋系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授, 史密斯教授, 还有许多其他客人。
第二编 语 法 知 识
(6)such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
这些就是事实, 没有人可以否认。
典例剖析
Such a great event_____ that it attracted governments and people from across the world to Shanghai.
A. was World Expo 2010
B. World Expo 2010 was
C. had World Expo 2010 been
D. World Expo 2010 had been
剖析 在such. . . that. . . 结构中, 当such置于句首时, 句子要倒装, 由此可以排除B、D两项；根据从句谓语动词的时态可知, A项正确。
高考一轮总复习
对应训练
句型转换
13. Two large portraits hang on the wall.
=On the wall_______________________.
14. The plane flew away.
=___________________.
考点精讲2 部分倒装
(1)so/neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, neither will he.
如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会, 他也不去。
She has been to New York. So have I.
她去过纽约, 我也去过。
注意：so表示“是的, 确实”时, 主谓语不倒装。
hang two large portraits
Away flew the plane.
第二编 语 法 知 识
—It is too hot.
—So it is.
——天太热了。
——是啊, 的确很热。
(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时
当not, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, no, nowhere, not only, not until, at no time, by no means, in no way等词或短语位于句首时。
Not a single song did she sing at yesterday’s party.
在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。
高考一轮总复习
(3)在so/such. . . that. . . 句型中, 若so/such. . . 提到句首时
In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.
他离开办公室时太匆忙了, 结果忘了关门。
(4)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
只有在我朋友来了之后, 电脑才修好。
(5)表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他时, 句子要倒装。
Much as I like it, I’ll not buy it.
尽管我很喜欢它, 但我不会买。
Pretty as she is, she is not proud.
尽管她很漂亮, 但她一点也不自负。
第二编 语 法 知 识
Try as he would, he might fail again.
尽管他还会试, 但可能还会失败。
(6)hardly. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等引导两个分句时, 前一个分句用部分倒装, 后一个分句不变。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers’ energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. ［2009全国卷Ⅰ］
电脑被应用于教学中, 结果, 不仅节省了老师的精力, 学生也对课堂感兴趣了。
(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were, had, should时)
高考一轮总复习
Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.
要是早复习了功课, 你有可能就通过考试了。
Should it not rain, we would go for a picnic tomorrow.
要是明天不下雨, 我们就可以去野餐了。
典例剖析
Only with the greatest of luck_____ to escape from the rising flood waters. ［2012上海卷］
A. managed she B. she managed
C. did she manage D. she did manage
剖析 “only+状语”置于句首时, 句子(主句)要部分倒装, 故答案为C项。
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
15. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
16. In no time_____ smoke coming out of the house.
A. did we see B. we saw
C. are we seeing D. we see
17. On no condition_____ you are a Chinese, Dad told me before I went abroad.
you should forget
B. forget you
C. shouldn’t you forget
D. should you forget
C
A
D
高考一轮总复习
考点4 省略
考点精讲1 状语从句中的省略
在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中, 若谓语有be动词, 而主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it时, 从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
Unless (I am) invited, I won’t go to the party.
除非被邀请, 否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。
When (you are) working, you must pay attention.
上班时, 你必须全神贯注。
Get up early tomorrow; if not (if you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床, 如果不的话, 你会错过早班车。
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
Film has a much shorter history, especially when_____ such art forms as music and painting.
［2012新课标全国卷］
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
剖析 compare与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词, 故答案为D。分词作状语时, 可以根据题意在其前加上when, if等连词。本句实际上是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。
对应训练
将下列句子中省略的部分补全
高考一轮总复习
18. He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.
___________________________________________________________
19. When split, an atom can release energy.
__________________________________________
20. They were scolded whenever late for school.
_________________________________________________
考点精讲2 答语中的省略
I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句, 后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定, 宾语从句可省去。
—Do you think it will rain
—I hope not (that it will not rain).
——你认为会下雨吗
——我希望不下。
He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost（was).
When (it is) split, an atom can release energy.
They were scolded whenever（they were) late for school.
第二编 语 法 知 识
—Do you believe our team will win
—I guess so.
——你相信我们队会赢吗
——我猜会赢。
考点精讲3 不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to, 用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词, to常在be afraid, glad, happy, want, prefer, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love等后边。
—Will you join in the game
—I’d be glad to.
——你愿意加入做游戏吗
——我很高兴加入。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影, 但他不想去。
高考一轮总复习
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor
——你是海员吗
—No, but I used to be.
——不, 但我过去是。
1. The city government is planning to build a factory to deal with the industry waste, but when and where to build it_____.
A. haven’t been decided B. aren’t decided
C. hadn’t been decided D. hasn’t been decided
D
第二编 语 法 知 识
2. Buying clothes_____ a hard job because the clothes a person likes_____ not very often fit him or her.
A. are；do B. is；does C. are；does D. is；do
3. The exercises are extremely difficult, but half of the class _____ them ahead of time.
A. has already finished B. will finish
C. have already finished D. finishes
4. More than one high official_____ by the police since the mayor was shot dead.
A. has been questioned B. have been questioned
C. was questioned D. were questioned
5. The construction of the two new railway lines_____ by now.
A. has been completed B. have been completed
C. has completed D. have completed
D
C
A
A
高考一轮总复习
6. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those who come from the countryside, _____ in the clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
7. _____ your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set
A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Were
8. —_____ made Daisy wild with joy
—Her success in the A level exam this year.
A. How was it that B. When was it that
C. Why was it that D. What was it that
9. After the whistle rang, the coach appeared in the field. Behind him_____ the team wearing black and white suits.
A. had B. walked C. was followed D. led
C
C
D
B
第二编 语 法 知 识
10. When people cut down big trees, new trees should be planted. _____, they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
A. If not B. If so C. If no so D. If don’t
11. They landed safely on the island in the Pacific. Everything went on better than_____.
A. expected B. expecting C. expectation D. to expect
12. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
13. Only after Mary read her composition the second time _____ the spelling mistake. ［2012天津卷］
A. did she notice B. she noticed
C. does she notice D. she has noticed
A
A
D
A
高考一轮总复习
14. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_____ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
［2012重庆卷］
A. when B. that C. after D. since
15. It was not until I came here_____ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
［2012湖南卷］
A. who B. that C. where D. before
16. —I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather. ［2012山东卷］
—_____. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I D. I hope not
B
B
C
第二编 语 法 知 识
17. Hot_____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. ［2012陕西卷］
A. although B. as C. while D. however
返回目录
继续
B(共29张PPT)
高考英语一轮复习课件
新 课 标 版
人 民 教 育 出 版 社
第二编 语 法 知 识
语法学案8 动词和动词短语
考点1 一些常用行为动词的用法
考点精讲1 lay和lie
原形 意思 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 用法
lie 躺, 位于 lay lain lying vi.
lie 说谎 lied lied lying vi.
lay 放置, 产卵 laid laid laying vt.
He lied to me that he had finished his homework.
他向我撒谎说完成作业了。
高考一轮总复习
He laid the baby on the bed.
他把婴儿放置在床上。
对应训练
1. Tom ________ (lie) in bed now.
2. Please______ (lie) the book where it_____ (lie).
考点精讲2 arise, rise和 raise
原形 意思 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 用法
arise 出现, 发生, 兴起 arose arisen arising vi.
rise 上升, 起身 rose risen rising vi.
raise 举起, 提高, 饲养 raised raised raising vt.
is lying
lay
lay
第二编 语 法 知 识
The sun having set down, a mist arose.
太阳落山后起了雾。
The river has risen by several meters.
河水上涨了好几米。
It’s difficult to raise a family on a small income.
依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。
对应训练
用arise, rise, raise的适当形式填空
3. Low achievement at school often_______ from poverty and bad social conditions.
4. The university is working to______ the number of students from state schools.
5. When a conflict________ in the workplace you should repair the relationship as quickly as possible.
arises
raise
arises
高考一轮总复习
6. In 1956 the river_______ to a height of more than 6 meters.
考点精讲3 hang的用法
原形 意思 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 用法
hang 吊, 挂 hung hung hanging vi./vt.
绞死 hanged hanged hanging vt.
He hung his clothes on the wall.
他把衣服挂在墙上。
The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.
杀人犯被绞死了, 为死者报了仇。
rose
第二编 语 法 知 识
对应训练
用hang的适当形式填空
7. She ________ herself out of despair.
8. She took off her overcoat and________ it on the hook.
考点精讲4 get的用法
(1)get+宾语：在这种结构中, get通常意为receive(收到), obtain(获得), fetch(拿来), take(拿)等。
I got her letter yesterday.
昨天我收到了她的来信。
(2)get+形容词：表示某种状态的变化, 意思与become相似。
When you get old, your memory gets worse.
你老了之后, 记忆力会变差。
hanged
hung
高考一轮总复习
(3)get+过去分词：这种结构相当于“be+过去分词”, 相当于被动语态。
His leg got broken in the car accident.
在那次车祸中, 他的腿断了。
(4)get+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词、分词、不定式)；这种结构表示“使……变得, 使……移动, 使……做, 使……被做”。
I can’t get my feet warm.
我没法使脚暖和起来
Can you get the car going
你能把车开动起来吗
I shall get Mr. Wang to do it for me.
我该让王先生给我做那件事。
第二编 语 法 知 识
I got my watch repaired yesterday.
我昨天让人把表修了。
注意：有时候“get+宾语+过去分词”并不表示“要某事被别人做”, 而是表示“经历……, 遭受……”。
They got their roof blown off in the storm last night.
昨晚的暴风雨把他们的房顶给掀掉了。
对应训练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
9. Can you get us_______ (do) the experiment
10. Let me try now. I’ll get the car________ (start).
11. Where are you going to get your bike__________ (repair)
考点精讲5 look, seem和appear
(1)look强调由视觉得出的印象, 意为“看上去, 看起来”。
to do
starting
repaired
高考一轮总复习
He looks very strong.
他看上去很强壮。
(2)seem表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断, 这种判断可靠性较大。
It seems as though there’s no way out of our difficulty.
似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。
(3)appear表示外表给人的印象, 这种印象可能是靠不住的、虚假的。
He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.
他看起来像你的朋友, 但我怀疑他是否真是。
注意：(1)look常用结构：look+ adj. ／v. -ed；look+ n. ；look+介词短语；
(2)seem常用结构：seem+分词／adj. ；seem+ n. ；seem+介词短语；seem to do；It seems that从句。
第二编 语 法 知 识
考点精讲6 可用于“动词+sb. +of sth. ”的常用动词
accuse(控告), cheat(欺骗), cure(治愈), inform(通知), remind(提醒), rid(摆脱), rob(抢劫), warn(警告)
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了学校生活。
The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.
该镇居民接到有洪水危险的警告。
考点精讲7 可用于“动词+sb. +for doing sth. ”的常用动词
blame(指责), criticize(批评), forgive(原谅), excuse(原谅), pardon(原谅), punish(惩罚), scold(指责), thank(感谢)
Forgive me for saying so, but I think that’s nonsense.
原谅我这样说, 但是我认为那没意义。
高考一轮总复习
I don’t blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那事。
考点2 常用动词短语
1. act
act as充当, 担任act for代表, 代理
act out表演(指用行动、动作表达)
2. add
add in加入, 包括add to增加, 加到
add up加起来, 总计add up to总计, 共达
3. agree
agree on就……达成共识agree to同意(建议等)
agree with同意；与……一致；适合于
4. break
break away from脱离break into闯入, 破门而入
break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉
第二编 语 法 知 识
break out(战争)爆发
break in破门而入break off打断；中断
break through逾越, 突破；冲破
break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止
典例剖析
He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _____. ［2012陕西卷］
A. broke in B. broke up
C. broke out D. broke down
剖析 考查动词短语辨析。break in打断；闯入；开始工作；break up结束, 散开；分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃, 垮掉；出毛病；抛锚。题干意思是：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水, 因为空调出毛病了。选D。
高考一轮总复习
5. bring
bring about导致, 引起bring down降低；使倒下
bring forth结果, 生产, 产生
bring forward提出；提前
bring back把……带回来；使忆起；使恢复
bring on引起；使发展；提出(论点等)供讨论
bring out使显出；使(意义等)明白表示出来
bring up养育, 培养；呕吐；提出
6. call
call for需要；邀请call on／at号召；访问
call in召集；召来call up召唤, 召集；打电话
call off取消call on号召
7. carry
carry off获胜；成功做成(困难之事)
第二编 语 法 知 识
carry through帮助渡过难关；完成, 实现
carry on继续, 坚持carry out执行
carry away失去理智carry back使记起
8. come
come about发生come across偶遇
come to共计；达到；苏醒come true变为现实
come up走上前；被提出
come up with提出
come along一起来
come into being形成；产生
come into power上台；执政
come to light为人所知
come out结果是；出来；出版；开花
come on(表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来；快；得了
高考一轮总复习
9. cut
cut down砍倒
cut in插嘴；突然插入
cut off隔绝；切断；中止
cut up切碎
10. die
die away(风、声音)渐渐消失
die off相继死去
die down(风、雨等)逐渐平息
die out死光, 灭绝
die of死于(疾病, 情感, 年老等)
die from死于(尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)
11. get
get about四处走动；传开
第二编 语 法 知 识
get across传达
get away逃脱, 设法离开
get down下来；记下
get in收割；到达
get off出发；下班
get together聚会
get through接通；通过
get down to开始认真做
get over克服
get along／on with进展；相处
典例剖析
I’ve ____ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. ［2012江西卷］
A. come into B. gone into
C. got into D. run into
高考一轮总复习
剖析 考查动词词组搭配。come into进来；go into进去；get into形成；run into撞到。句意：在我从学校回家的路上, 我已经养成了顺路拜访我祖父母的习惯。选C。
12. give
give up放弃give in屈服
give out用尽；分发
give away泄露；赠送；颁发
give off发出give back归还；使恢复
13. go
go against违背；对……不利
go by过去；经过
go ahead开始；进展；进行
go through通过；经历
go after／for追逐；追求
第二编 语 法 知 识
go without勉强维持；凑合
go in for爱好；参加；从事
go over复习；仔细审查
14. hold
hold back隐瞒；控制(情感)
hold up使……耽搁
hold on坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together团结一致
hold on to保留；抓住不放
hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑
15. keep
keep away (from)使远离
keep back扣除；隐瞒不讲
keep off避开；不理睬
高考一轮总复习
keep on继续
keep out挡在外边keep up with跟上
keep up保持；不低落；持续；继续
典例剖析
Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to_____ his courage. ［2012湖北卷］
A. hold up B. keep up
C. set up D. take up
剖析 考查动词短语辨析。句意：独自在黑暗中行走, 男孩吹口哨保持勇气。keep up 意为“维持, 不低落”, 符合句意。hold up意为“举起”, set up意为“建立”, take up意为“拿起”, 都与句意不符。故选B。
16. look
look out当心look on旁观
look down upon看不起look forward to盼望
第二编 语 法 知 识
look through浏览；温习look into调查；向内看
look over检阅；逐一检查
look up向上看；查阅；形势好转
17. make
make up for补偿, 弥补make out辨认出
make fun of取笑make up one’s mind下定决心
make sense有道理(意义), 讲得通
make good／full use of. . . 充分利用……
make up编造；组成；构成；补齐, 凑足
18. put
put aside把……放在一边
put away把……收好
put down扑灭, 平息put forward提出
put off延期；推诿put out扑灭；生产
高考一轮总复习
put up挂起, 张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿
put up with忍受, 容忍
典例剖析
Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_____ almost every word her teacher says. ［2012全国新课标］
A. put out B. put down
C. put away D. put together
剖析 考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。put out熄灭；put down记下, 写下；put away收拾, 把东西放好；put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅长在课上记笔记。她几乎能把她的老师说得每个词写下来。选B。
19. set
set off出发；引爆；引起；激发
set out开始；动身set up建立
第二编 语 法 知 识
set in开始, 到来set aside留出
set down下车；写下；放下
set about doing. . . 着手做……, 开始做……
典例剖析
We_____ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. ［2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ］
A. set about B. set up
C. set out D. set down
剖析 考查动词短语的含义。此处set about开始做……, 后接名词、动名词；set up建立；set out开始做……, 后接不定式；set down写下, 记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。选C。
高考一轮总复习
20. take
take in吸收; 欺骗take for误认为
take up占据; 从事; 拿起
take after像
take along随身携带
take charge负责, 掌管
take on呈现；雇用
take over接管；接任
take pride in以……为自豪
take away带走, 拿走
take out 拿出take apart拆开；拆卸
take. . . for granted认为……理所当然
take off起飞；脱下；休假；走红
第二编 语 法 知 识
典例剖析
Rod loves_____ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. ［2012辽宁卷］
A. taking apart B. giving away
C. making up D. turning off
剖析 考查动词词组辨析。take apart意为“拆开；拆卸”；give away意为“赠送；泄露；”make up意为“编造；弥补；化妆”；turn off意为“关掉”。根据句意, 可知Rob喜欢拆卸钟表, 然而, 他从来都不能再重新装好, 所以选A项。
21. turn
turn away走开turn down拒绝；调低
turn in上交
turn out结果是；证明是turn over移交；交给
高考一轮总复习
turn up出现；调高turn off关掉
turn on打开turn to求助于；翻到
1. We were all agreed that the cottage would _____ a perfect holiday home for the family. ［2012江西卷］
A. make B. turn C. take D. have
2. It’s surprising that your brother_____ Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long. ［2012四川卷］
A. picked up B. looked up
C. put up D. made up
3. Parents and children should communicate more to _____ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. ［2012天津卷］
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
A
A
B
第二编 语 法 知 识
4. If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will_____ her. ［2012全国新课标卷］
A. persuade B. promise C. invite D. support
5. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_____ preparing your business plan. ［2012浙江卷］
A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up
6. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to _____ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. ［2012浙江卷］
A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline
7. Two lawyers have donated $50, 000 to_____ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. ［2012湖北卷］
A. sponsor B. launch C. organize D. plan
A
B
D
A
高考一轮总复习
8. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and_____ every page of my draft. ［2012湖北卷］
A. approved B. quoted C. polished D. folded
9. I’m so glad you’ve come here to_____ this matter in person. ［2012湖北卷］
A. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to
10. —OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
—You can’t_____ your responsibilities.［2012江苏卷］
A. run off with B. run up against
C. run out of D. run away from
11. His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn’t _____ and choose.
A. pick B. take C. start D. mind
C
B
D
A
第二编 语 法 知 识
12. —Dad, it’s raining heavily and I haven’t got my umbrella. How can I go back home
—No worry, Honey！I’ll be right there to_____ you _____ .
take；up B. catch；up
C. pick；up D. bring；up
13. The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were_____ dead by the afternoon.
A. convinced B. described
C. committed D. confirmed
14. The color of that T-shirt_____ and made all the other clothes pink.
A. went B. disappeared C. ran D. fell
C
D
C
高考一轮总复习
15. It_____ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.
A. took B. needed C. spent D. shared
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