中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 How often do you exercise
单元小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
hardly （高频考题）
hardly是副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,是一个具有否定意义的词。
My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿太虚弱,以至于几乎无法站立。
hardly 几乎不= almost not
He can hardly believe the result, can he （前否后肯）
辨析hard和 hardly的区别:
hard 作形容词,意为“困苦的;艰难的;坚硬的”; 作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地
hardly 作副词, 意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,它并不是hard的副词形式
The task is so hard that I can't finish it on my own. 这个任务太难了,以至于我不能独立完成。
Study hard, and you can pass the exam. 努力学习,你会通过考试的。
Look! It' s raining hard outside.看!外面雨下得正大。
The children were so excited they could hardly speak. 孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】always"总是";usually"通常";often"经常";hardly"几乎不"。结合语境可知此处指"难以"避免遇到问题,应用否定副词,故选D。
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
【答案】B
【解析】hard激烈地 猛烈地，努力地这里形容雨下的大用hard。hardly表示几乎不能。故选B。
3.It is ______ for him to get to school on time, because it is raining ______.
A .hard ; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly hardly
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：按时到校对于他是困难的，因为正在下着大雨。hard，形容词，意思为“困难的，坚硬的”；hard副词，意思为“努力地；猛烈地；使劲地”等。hardly频率副词，意为“几乎不”。it is+形容词+ for sb to do sth, 固定句式，做某事对于某人是……。第二空用hard修饰动词rain，结合句意及结构，故选C。
4. He studies ______ at Chinese for one year, but he can still_______ speak it．
A．hard，hard B．hardly，hardly C．hard，hardly D．hardly，hard
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他已经努力学习一年的中文了，但是，他几乎依然不会说中文。
hard形容词，困难的；副词时，努力地； hardly副词，几乎不。因此修饰动词study运用副词形式，而转折之后表示不能讲中文，所以选用hardly.故选 C
要点2
be good for 对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
反义短语： be bad for 对……有害
拓展: ① be good at 意为“擅长”。 同义短语：do well in
② be good to 意为“对……友好”
③ be good with意为“善于应付……的”。
【典例分析】
1. This kind of food will be ______you, and if you keep on eating it, you will be healthier.
A. good to B. good at C. good for D. good with
【答案】B。 be good to 意为“对……友好”. be good with意为“善于应付……的”。be good at 意为“擅长”。
be good for 对……有好处.根据意思语境选答案B
要点3 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. spend time/money on sth.在....上花费时间/金钱2. spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人）2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】B
【解析】句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
【答案】A.
【解析】主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【答案】A
【解析】主语是人。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
【答案】D
【解析】主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
【答案】A。
【解析】spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
【答案】B
【解析】spend（in）doing in可省略，而不是spend 。。。on doing。注意这里学生往往弄错。故答案选B
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
【答案】A。“It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
【答案】A 句意：微笑无需付出，却给予很多。spend花费，Sb. spend some money/some time on/doing sth.主语是人，经常与on连用，跟动词用动名词形式；cost花费，Sth. cost sb. some money，主语是物，人和钱作其宾语。本题中a smile是物，用cost。主语A smile是单数名词，因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式；故本题选A项costs。
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
【答案】takes
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
【答案】spent
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
【答案】cost
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
【答案】paid
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
【答案】spent
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
【答案】spent in building
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
【答案】It took to
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
【答案】It takes to walk
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
【答案】to finish
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
【答案】I spent on/buying 或 I paid for
要点3 full
full(adj.)忙的；满的；充满的
Next week is quite full for me, Jack. 杰克,下周我想当忙。
The bottle is full of water. 这个瓶子装满了水。
【探究】full意为“忙的”时,和busy同义;意为“满的；充满的”时,和empty互为反义词。
【拓展】be full of是固定搭配,意为"充满;装满",和be filled with是同义表达,其中fill是动词。
【典例分析】
1.我儿子饱了，不要往碗里加肉了。
My son is _________and don't ________the bowl _______ meat.
【答案】full 形容词 fill with 动词
2．Now you can see that cup is _______ water．
A．fill with B．filling with C．full with D．filled with
【答案】D
【解析】be filled with与be full of均有“充满、填满”之意，而full不能与with连用，故选D。
3. If you read a lot，your life will be full________ pleasure.
A．by B．of C．for D．With
4.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
【答案】A. be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。
5.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
【答案】C . be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。
6.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
【答案】full of /filled with
要点4
have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如：
You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。
Do you have to do everything 什么事都得你做吗？
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】
must与have to的辨析：
have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式；否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去）；否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要；不允许”。例如：
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。
口诀：“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去；若是“环境”“不得不”，赶紧换用have to。
强调重点不同 must侧重指说话者的主观看法；have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
所用时态不同 must表示“必须”，只有现在时一种时态形式,have to有多种时态形式。
否定式的意义不同 mustn't意为“一定不要；禁止”；don't/doesn't have to意为“不必；没有必要”；相当于needn't。
【典例分析】
用have to 和must填空
1.She isn’t very well these days and she __________stay at home.
2.You ________ do your homework first.
3.We _________help each other.
4.Mother is out, so I _________ look after the shop.
【答案】1.has to 2.must 3.must 4.have to
要点5 sometimes
sometimes频度副词，意为＂有时＂。同义短语为at times。
I sometimes play computer games. 我有时候玩电脑游戏
【同步拓展】
sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often。
some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times。
sometime 副词 某个时候 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。
some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示＂一段时间＂，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long。
Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。
I have read the story some times. 这个故事我读了好几遍。
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. 下周的某个时间我要去上海。
I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
【典例分析】
1. I need to spend _____________doing my homework. So I can’t go with you.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我需要花点时间做作业。所以我不能和你一起去。Some time 一段时间，符合句意。
2.________ my mother goes to work by bus.
A．Sometime B．Some time C．Sometimes D．At time
【解析】C
【解析】此题用正确把握语境法。根据此句的句意“________我妈妈乘公交车上班。”可知，只有sometimes“有时候”符合句子的语境。
3. Usually, Sally has noodles for breakfast. ________she has hamburgers.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
【答案】A
【解析】句意：通常，萨莉早餐吃面条。有时她吃汉堡包。考查副词辨析题。本句缺副词状语，CD选项都是名词短语，不可做状语，可排除。sometimes有时，表频率；sometime在某时，表不确定时间。根据句意语境，可知sometime不合句意，故选A。
4. I hope I will go to the Moon _________. I also hope this day will come soon.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
【答案】B
【解析】Sometime 某时，可以用于一般过去时态，也可以用于将来时态中。表示某个时候，有朝一日等意思。句意：我希望有一天我能去月球。我也希望这一天会很快到来。
5. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
【答案】B
【解析】句意：也许我们的英语老师今天会要求我们某个时候完成作业，但我想他有时会忘了，因为他太忙了。答案B符合题意。
要点6 health
health的用法
（1）作为名词，意为“健康（状况）”
Eating more fruit and vegetables is good for your health.
多吃水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
（2）其形容词为healthy,意为“健康的”。常用于keep/stay healthy，意为“保持健康”。其反义词为unhealthy,意为“不健康的”。
To keep healthy, we should do more exercise. 为了保持健康，我们要多参加锻炼。
（3）其副词为healthily,意为“健康地”，其反义词是unhealthily意为“不健康地”。
We should eat and drink healthily.我们应该健康地吃喝。
【拓展】派生词：unhealthy(adj.)不健康的
healthy(adj.)健康的(keep/stay healthy保持健康)
healthily(adv.)健康的地→unhealthily (adv.)不健康地
【同步拓展】keep/stay healthy=keep fit保持健康
【典例分析】
1. The girl has been ill for several years, so she looks very ____.
A. strong B. weak C. healthy D. unfriendly
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个女孩病了好几年了，所以她看起来很健康.look后面用形容词作表语。
2. Bill is in good ____. He is pretty ____ .
A. health; health B. healthy; healthy C. health; healthy D. healthy; health
【答案】C
【解析】句意：比尔身体很好。他很健康。In good health身体好。
3.--Smoking is bad for your ．
-You’re right．I decide to give it up．
A. healthy B. health C. head D. mouth
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——吸烟对你的健康有害。——你说的对。我决定戒烟。healthy健康的，是形容词；health 健康，是名词。head是名词；mouth嘴，是名词。结合句意，吸烟有害健康，有形容词性物主代词修饰，故此处用名词health。故选B。
4.I think eating food can help you keep .
A. health; health B. health; healthy C. healthy; healthy D, healthy; health
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我认为吃健康的食物可以保持健康。名词前面用形容词修饰。Keep healthy 保持健康。
要点7
through & across & over
through 表示“从物体内部穿过”，如穿过隧道，森林，窗户，门等；
across 表示“穿过、横穿”，强调从物体表面通过，如穿过河道，街道等；
over 表示“越过”，强调从物体上方翻越，如翻过围墙，栅栏。
through 意为“穿过，通过”，它和介词in有关，表示动作是从某一物体内部或某一空间内部通过的。其后常接forest, city等。 One day, the little girl walked alone through the forest.有一天，小女孩儿独自一人步行穿过森林。
across 意为“穿过，横过”，它和介词on有关，表示动作是从物体表面通过的。其后常接road, bridge, river等。 Go across the road and you’ll find the ABC is on your right.穿过马路，你会发现中国农业银行在你的右手边。
over 意为“横跨，跨越”，表示从某物上方翻过。其后常接wall, fence【篱笆；围栏】等。 The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.小偷翻墙跑了。
【典例分析】
1.用through across and over填空
1）.We have to walk__________ a big forest to get there.
2）Be careful when you go__________ the road.
3）He climbed ___________the wall.
4）Go the bridge and turn left.
5）Lin Tao walked the hall and went into the library.
6）The man swam the Yangtze River last year.
7）I finished the work his help.
【答案】1)through 2)across 3)over 4）through 5）through 6）across 7）through
2. 1.—Can a plane fly __________ the Atlantic Ocean
—Yes, but it needs to go __________ the clouds for hours.
A. across; through B. through; across
C. across; across D. through; through
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：-飞机能飞跃大西洋吗 -能,但是它得穿越好几个小时的云层.across介词，穿过（表面）；through介词，穿过（内部）。所以选A。
3. The bird’s singing came into our room________ the window and woke me up in the early morning.
A. down B. from C. through D. across
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意: 大清早, 鸟儿的叫声透过窗户传进屋子里, 把我唤醒了。down“在……下面”; from“从……”; through“透过; 穿过”; across“从表面穿过”。故选C。
4 He relaxes himself ______ music.
A. for B. through C. across D. in
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他通过音乐放松自己。
考查介词，for为了；through穿过；across横跨；in在……里，表示通过某种手段或方式用through，故选B。
要点8
such as 例如，比如，像……这样
辨析such as 与for example
such as 常用来列举同类事物中的几个例子
I like fruit, such as apples and bananas.我喜欢水果，例如苹果和香蕉。
for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例。
Many of us want to leave now—for example, Bill.我们中很多人想现在就走，例如比尔。
【典例分析】
1.用for example, such as或like填空
1）He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2）The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3）Mary is __________ her father.
4）He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5）English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【答案】1.for example 2.for example 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
2. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多的学生都有着不同的兴趣爱好，例如收集邮票、游泳和唱歌。考查易混短语辨析。such as……：例如，比如（列举同类事物中的几个作为例子，后接名词）；for example：例如（列举同类事物中的一个作为例子，后接一个句子）；根据句尾的动名词性质。故选B
3. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
【答案】C
【解析】句意：水果店有很多种水果，例如苹果，香蕉和芒果。like像，如同；for example例如，such as例如，as well as而且。此处举了多个表示水果的例子，故用such as。故选C。
要点9 die
die(v.)消失；灭亡；死亡
【观察】His grandfather died three years ago. 他爷爷是三年前去世的。
【探究】die作不及物动词,是短暂性动词,不能和时间段搭配。
【拓展】
【注意】(1)die用于进行时态表示“奄奄一息，即将死去”。
It seems that his grandmother is dying. He feels so sad and helpless.
他奶奶好像即将要死去。他感到如此悲哀和无助。
(2)若表示“死了多长时间”，要用表示状态的be dead.
The old man has been dead for three years.
= The old man died three years ago.
那位老人去世三年了。
【典例分析】
用die，death，dying，dead的正确形式完成句子：
1.He in 1989 at the age of 76.
2.Two children were burnt to in the fire.
3.The man was already when the other people found him.
4.There is a lion in the zoo.
【答案】1.died 动词过去式。 2.death 名词，句意：2个孩子被烧死。3.dead 形容词。 4.dying dying是形容词“快死的，垂死的”。
5.Mike's grandfather last year. His made Mike very sad.
A. died; dead B. dead; death C. died; death D. death; died
【答案】C
【解析】迈克的祖父去年死了，他的死使迈克很伤心。
要点10
although = though conj. 然而; 尽管, 可以和though引导的让步状语从句互换使用，但在口语中though更为常用。让步状语从句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。
引导的从句不能与 but, however 连用
尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。
He often helps me with my English although / though he is very busy.
= He is very busy, but he often helps me with my English .
【典例分析】
1 _______ our teacher is ill, ______ he still comes to our class to teach us.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but D. Although; however
【答案】B although（though）虽然。。。但是。用了“although（though）就不用but。
2______ the factory is small, ______ it is the best in the town.
A. Although; and B. Although; but
C. Though; but D. Though; yet
【答案】D although（though）不能和but 一起使用，但是可以和“yet，still”连用。
3. — What was the result of the game
— We lost the game, ______ everyone played well.
A. although B. if C. because D. so
【答案】A虽然大家都很努力，我们还是输了。
二、按要求完成下列句子
1. It was late at night. She was studying. (连成一句话)
2. She lost the match. She didn't lose heart. (连成一句话)
【答案】1. Although it was late at night, she was studying.
2. Although she lost the match, she didn't lose heart.
三、改错
1.They went to visit Mr. Li. He wasn’t at home, although.
2.Even although she always laughs at him, he likes her.
3.Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, but she kept getting them right.
【答案】1.They went to visit Mr Li. He wasn’t at home, though. (√)
though 除作连词外，还可用作副词，意思是“可是；不过；然而”，常放在句末，而although不能放句末。
2. Even though she always laughs at him, he likes her. (√)
though可以与even连用，表示强调，而although不能与even连用。
3. Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, she kept getting them right. (√)
要点11 exercise
1.作可数名词用,“练习,习题,体操,功课,操练”等,常用复数.
I'm doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课.
Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的.
You should do more spelling exercises.你应该做更多的拼写练习.
2.作不可数名词用,“锻炼,运动”.
You are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼.
Take more exercise, and you will be healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的.
3.作动词用,“训练,锻炼”.
You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己.
They are exercising troops.他们在练兵.
You don't exercise enough.你锻炼不够.﹝作不及物动词﹞
作动词用还有“履行职责,行使全力”等意思.
You must exercise your own duty.你必须履行你自己的职责.
【典例分析】
1.我们每天做眼保健操。（翻译）
【答案】We do eye exercises every day.
2.每天锻炼能强身健体。（翻译2种）
【答案】Exercising every day can build up your body.=Doing exercise every day can build up your body.
3.The runners go to the gym to (锻炼) every day.
【答案】exercise 动词。
4. My grandmother does morning ________ every day. It is good for her to take ________.
A．an exercise；exercise B．exercises；exercise
C．the exercises；exercises D．an exercise；exercises
【答案】B
【解析】此题用词语应用法。根据第一句“我的祖母每天做早________。”可推断此处表示“体操”，第二句“对她来说进行________ 是有益的。”可推断此处指“锻炼”。故选B。
5.Mr Smith takes some _______ every morning to keep healthy, for example, running.
A. exercise B. photos C. advice D. notes
【答案】A
【解析】A 本题考查名词辨析。句意：史密斯先生为了健康，每天进行晨炼，比如：跑步。A. take some exercise锻炼； B. take some photos拍照片C. take some advice采纳建议； D. take some notes记笔记。根据后面例子running跑步可知，是进行晨练。故选A。
6. You should________ if you want to be fitter.
A. take more exercises B. do exercises
C. get some exercises D. take more exercise
【答案】D
【解析】exercise作“锻炼”讲是不可数名词，作“习题”讲时，是可数名词。句意：如果你想要更健康，你应该多做锻炼。
要点12
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词，在旁边=beside，near
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3.You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过，用”
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。
要点13
however的用法
however是副词,意为“可是;不过;仍然,可用在句首、句中或句尾,在使用时须和句子其他部分用逗号隔开。however在意思上相当于but,但语气较but委婉些,两者不可在同一句中重叠使用。
另外, however作为副词不能连接两个分句,而but作连词可以连接两个分句。
however 然而；不过，作副词 不能直接连接两个分句，须另起一新句，用逗号隔开，表示一种补充关系。
but 但是，作连词 可连接前后两个分句，表示一种转折关系
【典例分析】
用but和however填空。
1.He isn't' strong. ___________, he works hard.
2.He isn't' strong, ____________ he works hard.
【答案】第一题有逗号隔开，故用however。第二题用but。
3.I feel a bit tired.________， I can hold on.
A. But B. Though C. While D. However
【答案】D句意：我感到有点累，然而，我能坚持住。A. But但是；B. Though尽管；
C. While当……的时候；D. However然而。根据语境可知这里表示转折关系。根据题意，故选D。
要点14
result的用法 作为名词，意为“结果；后果”。
常用于以下表达中：
（1）as a result 意为“结果；因此”，其后引导的句子表示结果，所以可以和so引导的结果状语从句互换。
He got up late in the morning, as a result, he was late for work.
=He got up late in the morning, so he was late for work.
他早上起迟了，结果上班迟到了。
（2）as a result of 意为“因为；由于”，其后接名词、代词等，表示原因，可以和because of互换。
He was late for school this morning as a result of/because of the heavy rain.
他今天早晨上学迟到了是因为下大雨的原因。
常用短语:result from意为“由……造成”,后接原因;
result in意为“导致”,后接结果;
as a result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开;
as a result of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。
【典例分析】
1．He was late________ the snow.
A．as a result B．as a result of C．in a result D．in a result of
【答案】B as a result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开. as a result of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。
2.用result构成的常用短语填空。（不限字数）
1）她因天气寒冷而生病。
She was ill ___________ the cold weather.
【答案】as a result of/because of
2）许多竹林遭到砍伐，其结果是，越来越多的野生大熊猫失去了它们的家园。
Lots of bamboo forests have been cut down. _____________, more and more wild pandas have lost their homes.
【答案】as a result
3）他的成功源于长年的努力工作。
His success___________ years of hard work.
= His success___________ years of hard work.
【答案】resulted from /came from
4）长年的辛勤工作造就了他的成功。
His years of hard work _________ success.
= His years of hard work _________ success.
【答案】resulted in /led to
5） 由于污染，该地区的居民很容易生病。
People in this area get sick easily _________________the pollution.
【答案】as a result of because of
6）这种可怕的疾病已造成数千人死亡。
This terrible disease _______________ thousands of deaths.
【答案】led to /resulted in
【重点词组】
1. of course 当然
2. on weekends 在周末
3.go to the movies 去看电影
4.hardly ever 几乎不；不曾
5.once a day 每天一次
twice a week 每周两次
three times a month 每月三次
6.have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课
7.help with housework 帮忙做家
8.junk food 垃圾食品
9.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
10.be good/bad for 对……有好处/坏处
11.play sports 做运动
12.such as 例如
13.go to the dentist 去看牙医
14.more than 多于
15.less than 少于
【重点句式】
1.how often do you exercise
你多久锻炼一次
2.—What do you usually do on weekends
—周末你通常干什么？
—I usually play soccer.
—我通常踢足球。
3.She says it’s good for my health.
她说这对我的健康有好处。
4.How many hours do you sleep every night
你每天晚上睡多少个小时？
5.And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
并且百分之二十的学生根本不运动！
6.The answers to our questions about watching television was also interesting.
对于我们看电视这个问题的回答也很有趣。
7.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
8. He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎从不看电视。
9. I never go shopping.我不从购物。
10. It’s healthy for the mind and the body.它有益于身心健康。
9. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现只有百分之十五的学生每天锻炼。
10. But we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.
但我们感到惊讶的是他们中90%的人每天上网。
一、概念
频度副词表示某一动作或状态出现的频率，即在一定的时间内某一动作或状态重复出现的次数。常用的频度副词有always, usually, often, sometimes等，其表示的频率有大小之分。
频度副词 含义 频率
always 总是 100%
usually 通常 90%
normally/generally 平常；正常地 80%
often 经常，常常 70%
sometimes 有时，不时，间或 50%
hardly ever 几乎从不，很少 5%
never 从来不，未曾，永不 0%
二、用法
1.频度副词一般置于助动词、情态动词或be动词之后，实义动词之前。 sometimes可位于句首、句中或句末。
He always gets up so early. 他总是那么早起床。
I'm hardly ever late for school. 我上学几乎不迟到。
Sometimes we play games in class. 有时我们在课堂上做游戏。
2.对频度副词(短语)提问要用how often，即“多久一次”，用于询问某件事或某项活动发生的频率。
I play computer games twice a week. 我每周玩两次电脑游戏。
→How often do you play computer games 你多久玩一次电脑游戏
一、单项选择
1．Jane usually walks to school, but ________ she goes to school by bus.
A．sometime B．some times C．sometimes D．some time
【答案】C
【解析】句意：简通常步行上学，但有时她乘公共汽车上学。
考查频度副词。sometime某一时候，表不确定的时间；some times几次，表次数；sometimes有时，表频率；some time一段时间。根据“Jane usually walks to school”可知，此处指简上学乘坐某种交通工具的频率。故选C。
2．Zhang Hao ________ watches TV. He likes using the Internet.
A．hard ever B．hardly ever C．ever D．sometimes
【答案】B
【解析】句意：张浩几乎从不看电视。他喜欢上网。
考查频度副词辨析。hard ever表述有误；hardly ever几乎从不；ever曾经；sometimes有时。根据“He likes using the Internet.”可知，张浩喜欢上网，几乎从不看电视。故选B。
3．________ say that English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.
A．Always B．Sometimes C．Often D．Never
【答案】D
【解析】句意：永远不要说英语对我们来说太难学。我们可以努力学好它。
考查频度副词辨析。Always总是；Sometimes有时；Often经常；Never绝不。根据后句“We can learn it well with efforts.”可推知，应是绝不要说英语对我们来说太难学。故选D。
4．—________ do you go to the movies
—Hardly ever.
A．How often B．How old C．How many D．How much
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你多久看一次电影？——几乎从不。
考查特殊疑问句。how often多久一次，提问频率；how old多大，提问年龄；how many多少，提问可数名词的数量；how much多少，提问物品价格或不可数名词的量。由答语“Hardly ever.”可知提问频率。故选A。
5．—Does your brother ________ play basketball after work
—Yes, he plays it every day.
A．always B．never C．hardly ever D．sometimes
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你哥哥下班后总是打篮球吗？——是的，他每天都打。
考查副词辨析。always总是；never从不；hardly ever几乎从不；sometimes有时。根据答语“every day”可知，哥哥打篮球的频率较高，用always。故选A。
6．______ hours do you exercise every day
A．How long B．How much C．How many D．How often
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你每天锻炼多少小时？
how long意为“多久；多长”；how much多少，修饰不可数名词；how many多少，用来修饰可数名词；how often提问频率。hours是可数名词复数，故其前用how many修饰。故选C。
7．David is crazy about Chinese history. He _______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.
A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．always
【答案】D
【解析】句意：David对中国历史很着迷。无论他在中国哪里旅行，他总是先参观博物馆。
考查副词辨析。never从不；seldom很少；sometimes有时；always总是。根据David is crazy about Chinese history. David对中国历史很着迷，可知他无论在中国哪里旅行，应该总是先参观博物馆，所以always符合题意，其它选项均语意不通，故答案选D。
二、按要求完成下列句子
1．She does some washing at the weekend. (改为否定句)
She ________ ________ ________ washing at the weekend.
2．Bob Smith always eats meat for dinner. (改为否定句)
Bob Smith ________ eats meat for dinner.
3．Many kids eat junk food once or twice a week. (对画线部分提问)
________ __________do many kids eat junk food
4．Ann always watches TV after supper. (改为否定句)
Ann_________ __________TV after supper.
5．Sam usually reads storybooks in his free time. (对画线部分提问)
_________ _________Sam usually ___________in his free time
6．Eating lots of vegetables is good for you. (改为同义句)
_______ __________good for you__________ __________lots of vegetables.
【答案】1. doesn’t do some 2．never 3.How often 4. never watches
5. What does do 6. It is to eat
本单元的话题是“谈论做事情的频率”，即熟练使用一般现在时时表述做事的频率。此类话题作文主要涉及两个方面，一是能够表达人的健康饮食习惯或者生活习惯。二是能够描述课余活动。内容涉及生活方式，饮食习惯，课外活动等。重点考查学生以下能力：
1. 掌握并熟练使用一般现在时；
1. 能使用一般现在时造句；
1. 能熟练运用频度副词；
1. 能根据人们的日常生活及业余活动发生的频次，判断出生活习惯的好坏。
【实战演练】
假如你最好的朋友是Mary, 她学习的课程很多，
学习任务繁重，但是她的生活方式是非常健康的。请你介绍一下她的生活方式，并呼吁中学生要拥有健康的生活方式。
提示：
1.每天锻炼超过一个小时；
2.每天吃蔬菜，一天吃两次水果；
3.不喜欢吃垃圾食品，一个月才吃一次；
4.每晚睡眠时间约九个小时；
5.希望大家每天进行一次锻炼，有足够的睡眠，过上健康的生活。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Mary is my best friend. She has a healthy lifestyle.
As a middle school student, she has too many subjects to learn, so the study is heavy. But she exercises more than an hour every day. She likes vegetables and eats them every day. She also likes fruit and eats it twice a day. She doesn't like junk food, so she only eats them once a month. And she sleeps 9 hours everyday.
I hope that everyone can exercise at least once a day and have enough sleep. I hope everybody can live a healthy life.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 How often do you exercise
单元小结
【精讲精练】
要点1
hardly （高频考题）
hardly是副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,是一个具有否定意义的词。
My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿太虚弱,以至于几乎无法站立。
hardly 几乎不= almost not
He can hardly believe the result, can he （前否后肯）
辨析hard和 hardly的区别:
hard 作形容词,意为“困苦的;艰难的;坚硬的”; 作副词,意为“努力地;猛烈地
hardly 作副词, 意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,它并不是hard的副词形式
The task is so hard that I can't finish it on my own. 这个任务太难了,以至于我不能独立完成。
Study hard, and you can pass the exam. 努力学习,你会通过考试的。
Look! It' s raining hard outside.看!外面雨下得正大。
The children were so excited they could hardly speak. 孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
3.It is ______ for him to get to school on time, because it is raining ______.
A .hard ; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly hardly
4. He studies ______ at Chinese for one year, but he can still_______ speak it．
A．hard，hard B．hardly，hardly C．hard，hardly D．hardly，hard
要点2
be good for 对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
反义短语： be bad for 对……有害
拓展: ① be good at 意为“擅长”。 同义短语：do well in
② be good to 意为“对……友好”
③ be good with意为“善于应付……的”。
【典例分析】
1. This kind of food will be ______you, and if you keep on eating it, you will be healthier.
A. good to B. good at C. good for D. good with
要点3 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. spend time/money on sth.在....上花费时间/金钱2. spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人）2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
要点3 full
full(adj.)忙的；满的；充满的
Next week is quite full for me, Jack. 杰克,下周我想当忙。
The bottle is full of water. 这个瓶子装满了水。
【探究】full意为“忙的”时,和busy同义;意为“满的；充满的”时,和empty互为反义词。
【拓展】be full of是固定搭配,意为"充满;装满",和be filled with是同义表达,其中fill是动词。
【典例分析】
1.我儿子饱了，不要往碗里加肉了。
My son is _________and don't ________the bowl _______ meat.
2．Now you can see that cup is _______ water．
A．fill with B．filling with C．full with D．filled with
3. If you read a lot，your life will be full________ pleasure.
A．by B．of C．for D．With
4.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
5.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
6.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
要点4
have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如：
You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。
Do you have to do everything 什么事都得你做吗？
She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。
【拓展】
must与have to的辨析：
have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式；否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。
must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；只有现在时一种形式（在宾语从句中可以表示过去）；否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要；不允许”。例如：
It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。
口诀：“主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去；若是“环境”“不得不”，赶紧换用have to。
强调重点不同 must侧重指说话者的主观看法；have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
所用时态不同 must表示“必须”，只有现在时一种时态形式,have to有多种时态形式。
否定式的意义不同 mustn't意为“一定不要；禁止”；don't/doesn't have to意为“不必；没有必要”；相当于needn't。
【典例分析】
用have to 和must填空
1.She isn’t very well these days and she __________stay at home.
2.You ________ do your homework first.
3.We _________help each other.
4.Mother is out, so I _________ look after the shop.
要点5 sometimes
sometimes频度副词，意为＂有时＂。同义短语为at times。
I sometimes play computer games. 我有时候玩电脑游戏
【同步拓展】
sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often。
some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times。
sometime 副词 某个时候 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。
some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示＂一段时间＂，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long。
Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。
I have read the story some times. 这个故事我读了好几遍。
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. 下周的某个时间我要去上海。
I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
【典例分析】
1. I need to spend _____________doing my homework. So I can’t go with you.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
2.________ my mother goes to work by bus.
A．Sometime B．Some time C．Sometimes D．At time
3. Usually, Sally has noodles for breakfast. ________she has hamburgers.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
4. I hope I will go to the Moon _________. I also hope this day will come soon.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
5. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
要点6 health
health的用法
（1）作为名词，意为“健康（状况）”
Eating more fruit and vegetables is good for your health.
多吃水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
（2）其形容词为healthy,意为“健康的”。常用于keep/stay healthy，意为“保持健康”。其反义词为unhealthy,意为“不健康的”。
To keep healthy, we should do more exercise. 为了保持健康，我们要多参加锻炼。
（3）其副词为healthily,意为“健康地”，其反义词是unhealthily意为“不健康地”。
We should eat and drink healthily.我们应该健康地吃喝。
【拓展】派生词：unhealthy(adj.)不健康的
healthy(adj.)健康的(keep/stay healthy保持健康)
healthily(adv.)健康的地→unhealthily (adv.)不健康地
【同步拓展】keep/stay healthy=keep fit保持健康
【典例分析】
1. The girl has been ill for several years, so she looks very ____.
A. strong B. weak C. healthy D. unfriendly
2. Bill is in good ____. He is pretty ____ .
A. health; health B. healthy; healthy C. health; healthy D. healthy; health
3.--Smoking is bad for your ．
-You’re right．I decide to give it up．
A. healthy B. health C. head D. mouth
4.I think eating food can help you keep .
A. health; health B. health; healthy C. healthy; healthy D, healthy; health
要点7
through & across & over
through 表示“从物体内部穿过”，如穿过隧道，森林，窗户，门等；
across 表示“穿过、横穿”，强调从物体表面通过，如穿过河道，街道等；
over 表示“越过”，强调从物体上方翻越，如翻过围墙，栅栏。
through 意为“穿过，通过”，它和介词in有关，表示动作是从某一物体内部或某一空间内部通过的。其后常接forest, city等。 One day, the little girl walked alone through the forest.有一天，小女孩儿独自一人步行穿过森林。
across 意为“穿过，横过”，它和介词on有关，表示动作是从物体表面通过的。其后常接road, bridge, river等。 Go across the road and you’ll find the ABC is on your right.穿过马路，你会发现中国农业银行在你的右手边。
over 意为“横跨，跨越”，表示从某物上方翻过。其后常接wall, fence【篱笆；围栏】等。 The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.小偷翻墙跑了。
【典例分析】
1.用through across and over填空
1）.We have to walk__________ a big forest to get there.
2）Be careful when you go__________ the road.
3）He climbed ___________the wall.
4）Go the bridge and turn left.
5）Lin Tao walked the hall and went into the library.
6）The man swam the Yangtze River last year.
7）I finished the work his help.
2. 1.—Can a plane fly __________ the Atlantic Ocean
—Yes, but it needs to go __________ the clouds for hours.
A. across; through B. through; across
C. across; across D. through; through
3. The bird’s singing came into our room________ the window and woke me up in the early morning.
A. down B. from C. through D. across
4 He relaxes himself ______ music.
A. for B. through C. across D. in
要点8
such as 例如，比如，像……这样
辨析such as 与for example
such as 常用来列举同类事物中的几个例子
I like fruit, such as apples and bananas.我喜欢水果，例如苹果和香蕉。
for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例。
Many of us want to leave now—for example, Bill.我们中很多人想现在就走，例如比尔。
【典例分析】
1.用for example, such as或like填空
1）He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2）The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3）Mary is __________ her father.
4）He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5）English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
2. Many students have different hobbies _________________ collecting stamps, swimming, singing.
A. for example B. such as C. as D. as examples
3. The fruit store has many kinds of fruit, apples, bananas and mangoes.
A. like B. for example C. such as D. as well as
要点9 die
die(v.)消失；灭亡；死亡
【观察】His grandfather died three years ago. 他爷爷是三年前去世的。
【探究】die作不及物动词,是短暂性动词,不能和时间段搭配。
【拓展】
【注意】(1)die用于进行时态表示“奄奄一息，即将死去”。
It seems that his grandmother is dying. He feels so sad and helpless.
他奶奶好像即将要死去。他感到如此悲哀和无助。
(2)若表示“死了多长时间”，要用表示状态的be dead.
The old man has been dead for three years.
= The old man died three years ago.
那位老人去世三年了。
【典例分析】
用die，death，dying，dead的正确形式完成句子：
1.He in 1989 at the age of 76.
2.Two children were burnt to in the fire.
3.The man was already when the other people found him.
4.There is a lion in the zoo.
5.Mike's grandfather last year. His made Mike very sad.
A. died; dead B. dead; death C. died; death D. death; died
要点10
although = though conj. 然而; 尽管, 可以和though引导的让步状语从句互换使用，但在口语中though更为常用。让步状语从句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。
引导的从句不能与 but, however 连用
尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。
He often helps me with my English although / though he is very busy.
= He is very busy, but he often helps me with my English .
【典例分析】
1 _______ our teacher is ill, ______ he still comes to our class to teach us.
A. Though; but B. Though; / C. Although; but D. Although; however
2______ the factory is small, ______ it is the best in the town.
A. Although; and B. Although; but
C. Though; but D. Though; yet
3. — What was the result of the game
— We lost the game, ______ everyone played well.
A. although B. if C. because D. so
二、按要求完成下列句子
1. It was late at night. She was studying. (连成一句话)
2. She lost the match. She didn't lose heart. (连成一句话)
三、改错
1.They went to visit Mr. Li. He wasn’t at home, although.
2.Even although she always laughs at him, he likes her.
3.Although / Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, but she kept getting them right.
要点11 exercise
1.作可数名词用,“练习,习题,体操,功课,操练”等,常用复数.
I'm doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课.
Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的.
You should do more spelling exercises.你应该做更多的拼写练习.
2.作不可数名词用,“锻炼,运动”.
You are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼.
Take more exercise, and you will be healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的.
3.作动词用,“训练,锻炼”.
You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己.
They are exercising troops.他们在练兵.
You don't exercise enough.你锻炼不够.﹝作不及物动词﹞
作动词用还有“履行职责,行使全力”等意思.
You must exercise your own duty.你必须履行你自己的职责.
【典例分析】
1.我们每天做眼保健操。（翻译）
2.每天锻炼能强身健体。（翻译2种）
3.The runners go to the gym to (锻炼) every day.
4. My grandmother does morning ________ every day. It is good for her to take ________.
A．an exercise；exercise B．exercises；exercise
C．the exercises；exercises D．an exercise；exercises
5.Mr Smith takes some _______ every morning to keep healthy, for example, running.
A. exercise B. photos C. advice D. notes
6. You should________ if you want to be fitter.
A. take more exercises B. do exercises
C. get some exercises D. take more exercise
要点12
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
3.You must finish this work by Friday
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
要点13
however的用法
however是副词,意为“可是;不过;仍然,可用在句首、句中或句尾,在使用时须和句子其他部分用逗号隔开。however在意思上相当于but,但语气较but委婉些,两者不可在同一句中重叠使用。
另外, however作为副词不能连接两个分句,而but作连词可以连接两个分句。
however 然而；不过，作副词 不能直接连接两个分句，须另起一新句，用逗号隔开，表示一种补充关系。
but 但是，作连词 可连接前后两个分句，表示一种转折关系
【典例分析】
用but和however填空。
1.He isn't' strong. ___________, he works hard.
2.He isn't' strong, ____________ he works hard.
3.I feel a bit tired.________， I can hold on.
A. But B. Though C. While D. However
要点14
result的用法 作为名词，意为“结果；后果”。
常用于以下表达中：
（1）as a result 意为“结果；因此”，其后引导的句子表示结果，所以可以和so引导的结果状语从句互换。
He got up late in the morning, as a result, he was late for work.
=He got up late in the morning, so he was late for work.
他早上起迟了，结果上班迟到了。
（2）as a result of 意为“因为；由于”，其后接名词、代词等，表示原因，可以和because of互换。
He was late for school this morning as a result of/because of the heavy rain.
他今天早晨上学迟到了是因为下大雨的原因。
常用短语:result from意为“由……造成”,后接原因;
result in意为“导致”,后接结果;
as a result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开;
as a result of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。
【典例分析】
1．He was late________ the snow.
A．as a result B．as a result of C．in a result D．in a result of
2.用result构成的常用短语填空。（不限字数）
1）她因天气寒冷而生病。
She was ill ___________ the cold weather.
2）许多竹林遭到砍伐，其结果是，越来越多的野生大熊猫失去了它们的家园。
Lots of bamboo forests have been cut down. _____________, more and more wild pandas have lost their homes.
3）他的成功源于长年的努力工作。
His success___________ years of hard work.
= His success___________ years of hard work.
4）长年的辛勤工作造就了他的成功。
His years of hard work _________ success.
= His years of hard work _________ success.
5） 由于污染，该地区的居民很容易生病。
People in this area get sick easily _________________the pollution.
6）这种可怕的疾病已造成数千人死亡。
This terrible disease _______________ thousands of deaths.
【重点词组】
1. of course 当然
2. on weekends 在周末
3.go to the movies 去看电影
4.hardly ever 几乎不；不曾
5.once a day 每天一次
twice a week 每周两次
three times a month 每月三次
6.have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课
7.help with housework 帮忙做家
8.junk food 垃圾食品
9.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
10.be good/bad for 对……有好处/坏处
11.play sports 做运动
12.such as 例如
13.go to the dentist 去看牙医
14.more than 多于
15.less than 少于
【重点句式】
1.how often do you exercise
你多久锻炼一次
2.—What do you usually do on weekends
—周末你通常干什么？
—I usually play soccer.
—我通常踢足球。
3.She says it’s good for my health.
她说这对我的健康有好处。
4.How many hours do you sleep every night
你每天晚上睡多少个小时？
5.And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
并且百分之二十的学生根本不运动！
6.The answers to our questions about watching television was also interesting.
对于我们看电视这个问题的回答也很有趣。
7.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
8. He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎从不看电视。
9. I never go shopping.我不从购物。
10. It’s healthy for the mind and the body.它有益于身心健康。
9. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现只有百分之十五的学生每天锻炼。
10. But we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.
但我们感到惊讶的是他们中90%的人每天上网。
一、概念
频度副词表示某一动作或状态出现的频率，即在一定的时间内某一动作或状态重复出现的次数。常用的频度副词有always, usually, often, sometimes等，其表示的频率有大小之分。
频度副词 含义 频率
always 总是 100%
usually 通常 90%
normally/generally 平常；正常地 80%
often 经常，常常 70%
sometimes 有时，不时，间或 50%
hardly ever 几乎从不，很少 5%
never 从来不，未曾，永不 0%
二、用法
1.频度副词一般置于助动词、情态动词或be动词之后，实义动词之前。 sometimes可位于句首、句中或句末。
He always gets up so early. 他总是那么早起床。
I'm hardly ever late for school. 我上学几乎不迟到。
Sometimes we play games in class. 有时我们在课堂上做游戏。
2.对频度副词(短语)提问要用how often，即“多久一次”，用于询问某件事或某项活动发生的频率。
I play computer games twice a week. 我每周玩两次电脑游戏。
→How often do you play computer games 你多久玩一次电脑游戏
一、单项选择
1．Jane usually walks to school, but ________ she goes to school by bus.
A．sometime B．some times C．sometimes D．some time
2．Zhang Hao ________ watches TV. He likes using the Internet.
A．hard ever B．hardly ever C．ever D．sometimes
3．________ say that English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.
A．Always B．Sometimes C．Often D．Never
4．—________ do you go to the movies
—Hardly ever.
A．How often B．How old C．How many D．How much
5．—Does your brother ________ play basketball after work
—Yes, he plays it every day.
A．always B．never C．hardly ever D．sometimes
6．______ hours do you exercise every day
A．How long B．How much C．How many D．How often
7．David is crazy about Chinese history. He _______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China.
A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．always
二、按要求完成下列句子
1．She does some washing at the weekend. (改为否定句)
She ________ ________ ________ washing at the weekend.
2．Bob Smith always eats meat for dinner. (改为否定句)
Bob Smith ________ eats meat for dinner.
3．Many kids eat junk food once or twice a week. (对画线部分提问)
________ __________do many kids eat junk food
4．Ann always watches TV after supper. (改为否定句)
Ann_________ __________TV after supper.
5．Sam usually reads storybooks in his free time. (对画线部分提问)
_________ _________Sam usually ___________in his free time
6．Eating lots of vegetables is good for you. (改为同义句)
_______ __________good for you__________ __________lots of vegetables.
本单元的话题是“谈论做事情的频率”，即熟练使用一般现在时时表述做事的频率。此类话题作文主要涉及两个方面，一是能够表达人的健康饮食习惯或者生活习惯。二是能够描述课余活动。内容涉及生活方式，饮食习惯，课外活动等。重点考查学生以下能力：
1. 掌握并熟练使用一般现在时；
1. 能使用一般现在时造句；
1. 能熟练运用频度副词；
1. 能根据人们的日常生活及业余活动发生的频次，判断出生活习惯的好坏。
【实战演练】
假如你最好的朋友是Mary, 她学习的课程很多，
学习任务繁重，但是她的生活方式是非常健康的。请你介绍一下她的生活方式，并呼吁中学生要拥有健康的生活方式。
提示：
1.每天锻炼超过一个小时；
2.每天吃蔬菜，一天吃两次水果；
3.不喜欢吃垃圾食品，一个月才吃一次；
4.每晚睡眠时间约九个小时；
5.希望大家每天进行一次锻炼，有足够的睡眠，过上健康的生活。
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思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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