北师大版（2019）必修二课堂训练：Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 3 Race to the Pole（含解析）

Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 3 Race to the Pole——2022-2023学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册同步课时训练
一、填空
1.The elephant had heard the __________(distance) alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.
2.Mr. Smith was the first ________(leave) on September 10th.
3.________(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
4.________(base) on a real story, the film was very moving.
5.While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that ________(explore).
6.The two countries are going to meet to break ________ some trade barriers between them.
7.It was with ________(sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious(和谐的) atmosphere.
8.There is a label attached to the bottle, which ________(say) "take three pills a time; three times a day".
9.Drinking water really can keep you ________(cheer).
10.By the time Spanish _____(explore) arrived in Central America in the late 1400s, people had made hot and cold chocolate drinks with spices.
二、七选五
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
Cities are built for humans. ①________ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plants, we destroy natural habitats, which leads to the imbalance of ecology.
②________ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was home to thousands of bats. ③________ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats become a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants, and created open and natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. ④________
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors of the wildlife around us. ⑤________ Our own future will be endangered too.
A. They are built to protect birds.
B. Our actions sometimes help other species.
C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D. They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E. Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move more freely.
F. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G. They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
三、阅读理解
In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms.
"Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean," said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. "The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels, restaurants, taxis and everything else. The reverberations (影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive."
In areas traditionally called "dead zones", like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond "dead zones". Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in "dead zones", overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which run out of oxygen as they die and break down.
People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries (渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen. B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D.The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
2.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.
3.How does the "dead zone" affect sea animals
A.It offers more food. B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas. D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
4.How can we win the war according to the text
A.By closing smaller fisheries. B.By controlling humans' bad activities.
C.By improving people's living standards. D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：distant
解析： 考查形容词。句意：大象听到了远处动物的告警声，它的心情突然变了。根据句意可知此处用形容词修饰alarm calls。
2.答案：to leave
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:史密斯先生是9月10日第一个离开的。the first to do sth.第一个做某事的,the first后常用不定式作定语。
3.答案：Anxiously
解析： 考查副词。句意：她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件衣服试穿，却发现它不合身。根据句意可知此处用副词作状语。
4.答案：Based
解析：考查过去分词。此处为过去分词短语作状语,be based on...建立在……基础上。
5.答案：exploration
解析： 考查名词。句意：高中一般不鼓励学生探索生活的新方面，而大学为那种探索铺平了道路。根据句意可知此处用名词，exploration表示"探索；探究"。
6.答案：down
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这两个国家将举行会谈以消除它们之间的一些贸易壁垒。 break down消除， the first后常用不定式作定语。故填down。
7.答案：sincerity
解析：考查名词。句意：我们用真诚和忠诚创造了一种和谐的气氛。根据句意及空后 and faithfulness提示可知此处用名词。
8.答案：says
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:瓶子上贴着一个标签,上面写着"一次吃三片;一天三次"。 which引导定语从句,先行词为 a label,所以从句谓语用第三人称单数形式,根据is可知此处应使用一般现在时,故填says。
9.答案：cheerful
解析：考查形容词。句意：喝水真的能让你保持愉快。分析句子可知此处包含" keep sb.+adj."结构，故用形容词作补语。
10.答案：explorers
解析：考查词性转换。句意:当西班牙探险家在15世纪晚期到达中美洲时,人们已经会用香料制作热的和冷的巧克力饮料了。根据句意可知此处用名词,且其前没有限定词,所以用复数。
二、七选五
答案：①-⑤ DBFEC
解析：解析：本文是一篇说明文,介绍了作者对人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。
①由空前的Cities are built for humans.和空后举的例子可知,城市并不总是为野生动物提供合适的住所。故选D。
②此处设空在段首,考虑到段首句的作用,往往为主题句;由后面细节句...engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom...可知,我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到其他物种的。故选B。
③根据空后句的时间标志词可以判断设空处所填句子与后文内容存在时间节点的对照关系。故选F。At first与后面的Now形成对比。
④空前句In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.中的opposite与E项中的Instead of形成意义上的呼应。故选E。
⑤上文谈及人类与野生动物共享城市空间的好处,空后句所涉及内容与空前句意思相反,结合空后句的标志词too可知这里在说与空前内容相反的内容。故选C。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-4.ABCB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。由于人类活动的影响导致全球变暖,气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存,又反作用于人类的生计,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。
1.主旨大意题。通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状:在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。通过这些现状,科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧气。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Denise Breitburg说的Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean和The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment... The reverberations(影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的影响还会扩大。由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的In areas traditionally called "dead zones"... oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught.可知,"死亡地带"的氧气大幅下跌,导致许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,使它们更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects...taxis and everything else.可知,是人类活动造成了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动。故选B。