北师大版（2019）必修一课堂训练：Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Topic Talk & Lesson 1 The Underdog（含解析）

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Topic Talk & Lesson 1 The Underdog——2022-2023学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册同步课时训练
一、填空
1.Make way for the Lord Mayor, for the traffic is too _______(crowd).
2.I must admit that I have a preference for the novels _______(write) by Dickens.
3.What bothers me most is that he seems _______(show) no interest in his work.
4.My neighbor is as _______(energy) as a young man and dislikes sitting around doing nothing all day.
5.Meanwhile, the number of people, who have access to their own cars，has increased _______(sharp) in recent years.
6.One Friday, we _______(pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
7.When the plane _______(crash), there were more than 80 passengers on board and no one survived.
8.Each of us has the ability to put our unique human potential into action and to acquire a _______(desire) result.
9.I can guarantee you the quality of our digital camera. Should there be any problem, you can contact us and ask ________(replace) it.
10.I need a cellphone to keep in touch with my friends and family, and almost all the information can _______(gather) on the Internet.
二、七选五
Children's Games in Ancient China
Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smartphones, iPads or computers to entertain (娱乐) themselves. ①__________ Let's take a look.
Kicking stone balls
During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. Stones were carried into small balls and kicked along with feet.
Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. ②__________ For example, the swallow-shaped kite is a well-known Beijing style.
Playing hide-and-seek
Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, which is popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to play a trick on him. ③__________
④__________
The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulated puppets behind the screen, narrating stories accompanied by music.
Setting off firecrackers
Firecrackers have a history of more than 2,000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. ⑤__________ After gunpowder was invented, it gradually took the place of the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are still set off during the Spring Festival to symbolise auspiciousness (吉祥).
A. Making a film
B. Watching shadow plays
C. Each of them has different features (特色).
D. Different materials are used to make the kite.
E. More commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them.
F. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood.
G. And to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make loud noise.
三、阅读理解
Is It a Healthy Interest
The Guinness Book of World Records describes Ranulph Fiennes as the world's greatest living explorer. His journeys include the first polar circumnavigation (极地环行) and the first unsupported crossing of the Antarctic continent on foot. So when he suffered a heart attack, it came as something of a surprise.
Exercise can benefit you highly as it reduces both the pulse (脉搏) rate and the blood pressure, thus reducing stress on the heart as it brings blood round the body. It also helps to keep the artery (动脉) walls more elastic (有弹性的).
But can you push yourself too much On the subject of exercise, it is good to take several parts of "moderate" exercise a week, which is a little more than quick walking. "We need to be careful when we're doing extreme sports," says expert Len Almond. "Extreme stress can make almost impossible demands on the body's ability to recover. The stress of extreme sports forces biochemical changes in the body, and the physical response to that kind of activity will be too extreme."
We all know how the Olympics began. The man who ran 26 miles from the town of Marathon to Athens with news of a victory died as soon as he arrived, and the cause of his sudden death might be the heart attack. Further research was done by scientists. They studied cyclists on a race that covered 230km with a height change of 5,500m. They were interested in one particular enzyme (酶), high concentrations of which were found in those who had suffered a heart attack. The scientists found that levels of this chemical increased in most of the cyclists who completed the race. The largest increases were seen in the fastest cyclists who had trained the hardest.
Most of us will never put our bodies to such extreme sports. But if, when you hear about someone like Fiennes, you ask whether exercise is worth it, I advise you to consider your own condition. Personally, I agree with the saying :"Run not to add years to your life but to add life to your years."
1.According to the passage, taking exercise can _______.
A.speed up the heart rate B.increase stress on the heart
C.reduce the blood pressure D.keep the artery walls straight
2.What does expert Len Almond suggest
A.Our bodies can easily deal with physical stress.
B.Playing extreme sports is harmful to the human body.
C.We need a long period of recovery after extreme sports.
D.There is more to learn about the effect of physical stress.
3.Why is the research on the cyclists mentioned in Paragraph 4
A.To suggest a different area of research.
B.To support the activity of taking part in sports.
C.To explain the effect of a height change on cyclists.
D.To prove that extreme sports may cause heart attacks.
4.The author believes that exercise ________.
A.helps you live a regular life B.adds years to your life
C.should be done in moderation D.will be worth the effort
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：crowded
解析：考查形容词。句意:给市长大人让路,因为交通太拥挤了。根据设空处前的is可知,设空处作表语,故用形容词形式。
2.答案：written
解析：考查过去分词。句意:我必须承认我更喜欢狄更斯写的小说。novels和动词write之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
3.答案：to show
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:最让我厌烦的是他似乎对他的工作不感兴趣。seem to do sth.为固定搭配,意为"似乎做某事"。
4.答案：energetic
解析：考查形容词。句意:我的邻居和年轻人一样精力充沛,不喜欢整天闲坐着什么也不做。根据句子的后半部分"dislikes sitting around doing nothing all day"可知,此处表示"精力充沛的";"as+adj.+as"为固定结构,故用energetic。
5.答案：sharply
解析：考查副词。句意:与此同时,拥有私家车的人数近几年快速增长。设空处修饰动词increased,故用副词形式。
6.答案：were packing
解析： 考查时态。句意:一个星期五,我们正在收拾行李,准备动身去度周末,这时我的女儿突然听到求救声。be doing... when...示"正在做……,这时(突然)……",是常用结构;根据句意可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,用过去进行时。
7.答案：crashed
解析：考查时态。句意:飞机失事时,机上有八十多位乘客,无一幸免。根据该句中的were可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。
8.答案：desired
解析：考查形容词。句意:我们每个人都有能力把我们独特的个人潜能付诸行动,并取得想要的结果。形容词修饰名词,设空处修饰名词result,故用形容词形式desired。
9.答案：to replace
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:我能向您保证我们数码相机的质量,如果有任何问题,您可以联系我们要求更换。ask to do sth.为固定搭配,故设空处用动词不定式。
10.答案：be gathered
解析：考查语态。句意:我需要一部手机与朋友和家人保持联系,并且能从因特网上收集到几乎所有的信息。all the information和动词gather之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;can为情态动词,后接动词原形。
二、七选五
答案：FCEBG
解析：①根据上文Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smartphones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves.(不像现在的孩子,古代的孩子没有智能手机、iPad或电脑来娱乐自己)和下文Let's take a look.(我们来看一看)可知,该空起承上启下的作用,F项"相反,他们小时候想出了有趣的游戏玩"符合题意。故选F。
②根据该空前面提到有三种著名的风筝和后面举的例子可知,该空起承上启下的作用,C项"它们中的每一个都有不同的特色"符合题意。故选C。
③上文提到"捉迷藏"的两种玩法。一种方法是遮住一个孩子的眼睛,其他孩子跑来跑去逗他。该空承接上文,E项"更常见的情况是,参与者躲起来,一个孩子必须设法找到他们"符合题意。故选E。
④该空需要填能概括本段大意的小标题,根据该段内容可知,该段讲的是皮影戏,结合选项可知。故选B。
⑤根据该空的前一句和后一句可知,该空起承上启下的作用,C项"为了吓跑这头野兽,人们烧竹节以弄出很大的声音"符合题意。故选G。
三、阅读理解
答案：1-4.CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Exercise can benefit you highly as it reduces both the pulse(脉搏) rate and the blood pressure, thus reducing stress on the heart as it brings blood round the body."可知,运动可以降低脉搏速率和血压,缓解心脏压力。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中Len Almond说的话"We need to be careful when we're doing extreme sports"及"Extreme stress can make almost impossible demands on the body's ability to recover."可知,Len Almond认为极限运动对人的身体有害。信息句主要体现的是极限运动带给人们的伤害,而A、D项主要介绍的是压力,所以不符合题意;C项与信息句不一致,极限运动对身体造成的损害几乎无法恢复。故选B。
3.推理判断题。第四段第二句中提到"the cause of his sudden death might be the heart attack",接着讲述科学家研究了完成长230千米、高度变化5,500米自行车比赛的运动员,发现他们体内有一种化学物质浓度上升,这种化学物质在心脏病人体内浓度很高,由此可知,文章提到自行车运动员是为了证明极限运动可能导致心脏病。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"But if, when you hear about someone like Fiennes, you ask whether exercise is worth it, I advise you to consider your own condition."可知,作者认为运动应该适度。故选C。