2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（1）
一、填空
1.Look！The plant ______________（与......相似）grass in appearance.
2.In China, a whole fish ______(symbol) richness. At a party, it is a tradition to serve the whole fish.
3.The graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of May or the beginning of June, which usually ______(include) music, award, and a guest speaker.
4.For me, the library as well as the courses explain Harvard as the home of devoted scholars.
5.What's worse, many a person always litter here and there in the streets, which is of our great concern.
6.As we know, a clean city, where disease may be reduced and people's health may be better, are good both to our mind and body.
7.Sports can help you forget all that make you unhappy and face school and life more positively.
8.Every day, he went to work before I get up, and comes hack home after I go to bed. But to me, it doesn't matter at all, because he is a great hero in my mind.
9.Why do humans laugh That question increasingly ______(interest) scientists around the globe.
10.The dust absorbs heat, warming up the atmosphere and making it circulate more strongly, which _____(prevent) the formation of ice clouds.
11.This image that you create of yourself ______(determine) who you are and how you feel.
12.I doesn’t want a red apple. I want a green one.
13.The old man doesn't _________(hear) very well.
14.Reading widely ______(able) us to have a chance to broaden our horizons.
15.Preparing different kinds of food to satisfy guests’ tastes usually ________ (require) a lot of time.
二、语法填空
16.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sudan is the only male northern white rhino (犀牛) left in the world. That ①________(mean) Sudan, 42, is the last hope for avoiding extinction. ②________ (protect) him, officials have placed him under 24-hour armed guard at the OI Pejeta Conservancy in central Kenya. Sudan lives there ③________ two female northern white rhinos, Fatu and Najin.
Northern white rhinos, ④________ can weigh up to 5,000 pounds, were once plentiful across northern and central Africa. ⑤________ (hunter) have killed thousands of rhinos because of ⑥________ high demand for the animals,horns (角). Rhino horns, believed to have medical effects, are used in ⑦________ (tradition) Asian medicines. More than 1,000 rhinos ⑧________ (kill) in 2014 in South Africa alone and fifty-four rhinos in Kenya, which has a much ⑨________ (small) population.
Sudan, Fatu, and Najin have had their horns ⑩________ (remove) so that they will not be hunted. People hope Sudan and one of the females will be able to have a baby. Sudan is very old, but scientists will not give up hope.
17. The heat wave that broke high temperature records in five European countries a week ago is now over Greenland, ①_____(cause) the island's vast ice sheet to melt at near-record levels and a huge ②_____(lose) of ice in the Arctic. On Wednesday alone, more than 10 billion tons of ice was lost to the oceans by surface melting, which is equal ③_____ about 400,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, said Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist at the Danish Meteorological Institute.
Melting ④_____(increase) in recent decades because of climate change and has been decreasing the accumulation of snow. Previously, during the 1970s and the 1980s, Greenland lost ⑤_____ average of 50 billion tons of ice each year. From 2010 to 2018, that figure shot up to 290 billion tons ⑥_____(annual). This summer, the extent of the melting could surpass(超过) the record set in 2012, ⑦_____ about 97% of the ice sheet's surface began to melt. NASA/JPL-Caltech reported at the time.
Greenland, the world's largest island, ⑧_____(lie) between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with 82% of its surface ⑨_____(cover) by ice. A June 2019 study by scientists in the US and Denmark said melting ice in Greenland alone will add between 5 and 33 centimetres to the rising ⑩_____(globe) sea levels by the year 2100. If all the ice in Greenland melted, which would take centuries, the world's oceans would rise by 7.2 metres.
答案以及解析
1.答案：resembles
解析：根据括号内词义，与..... 相似 可译为resemble。分析句子，结合句意，句子为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，设空处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填: resembles。
2.答案：symbolises
解析：句意为: 在中国, 一整条鱼象征着财富。设空处为谓语动词, 主语是a whole fish, 为第三人称单数, 故填symbolises。
3.答案：includes
解析：句意为: 毕业典礼一般在五月底或六月初举行, 通常包括音乐节目、毕业证书授予和特邀嘉宾演讲等内容。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词, 关系词在从句中作主语, 先行词为The graduation ceremony, 是第三人称单数, 故定语从句的谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
4.答案：explain→explains
解析：当as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时, 其谓语动词通常与前面的主语保持人称和数的一致, 又因本句主语是the library, 所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故将explain改为explains。
5.答案：litter→litters
解析：句意为: 更糟糕的是, 许多人总是在街上到处扔垃圾, 这是我们非常关注的。固定短语"many a(n)+单数名词"意为"许多的; 大量的", 但是其谓语动词要用单数形式。故将litter改为litters。
6.答案：are→is
解析：句意为: 正如我们所知, 一个干净的城市, 疾病可能会减少, 人们的健康状况可能会更好, 这对我们的身心都有益。分析句子结构可知, 此处是句子的谓语, 主语a clean city是名词单数, 所以谓语也应该用第三人称单数形式。故将are改为is。
7.答案：make→makes
解析：句意为: 运动可以帮助你忘记所有让你不快乐的事情, 证你更积极地面对学校和生活。分析句子结构可知, 此处是一个定语从句, 先行词是all, 在此处意为"所有", 视为一个整体, 从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故将make改为makes。
8.答案：went→goes
解析：根据句中的时间状语Every day以及下文的get up, comes back和go to bed可知, 此处应用一般现在时, 又因主语he是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将went改为goes。
9.答案：interests
解析：句意为: 人们为什么会笑 这个问题越来越引起全球科学家的兴趣。设空处在句中作谓语, 且陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语为That question, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填interests。
10.答案：prevents
解析：句意为: 尘埃吸收热量, 使大气升温, 使其更强烈地循环, 从而阻止了冰云的形成。从句中充当主语的关系词which指代前面的句子, 和prevent是主动关系, 谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填prevents。
11.答案：determines
解析：句意为: 你所创造的自身形象决定了你是谁, 你的感受如何。此空为谓语, 根据上下文可知, 时态为一般现在时, 主语(This image)为单数概念, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式, 故填determines。
12.答案：I want a red apple. I want a green one.
解析： I是第一人称，助动词用do；does用于第三人称单数形式；故把doesn't改为don't。
故填：doesn't改为don’t。
13.答案：hear
解析：
14.答案：enables
解析：分析可知, 此处应用动词作谓语, enable"使能够;使有机会", 动词词性, 句子陈述的是事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语为动名词短语reading widely, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式, 故填enables。
15.答案：requires
解析： 句子的主语是Preparing different kinds of food to satisfy guests' tastes,为单数形式,因此谓语动词使用单数,句子陈述事实,因此使用一般现在时,故答案为requires。
16.答案：1. means 2. To protect 3. with 4. which 5. Hunters 6. a 7. traditional 8. were killed 9. smaller 10. removed
解析： ①考查动词时态。这里用一般现在时态，表示客观事实。句意：这意味着42岁的苏丹是避免北方白犀牛灭绝的最后希望。故填 means。
②考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了保护他肯尼亚中部的 OI Pejeta自然保护区的官员将他置于24小时的武装警卫之下。故填 To protect。
③考查介词。with表示“和…一起”。句意：苏丹和两头雌性北方白犀牛Fatu和 Najin生活在一起。故填with。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句中先行词 Northern white rhinos在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。句意：北方白犀牛重可达5000磅，曾在非洲北部和中部大量繁殖。故填 which。
⑤考查名词复数。根据谓语have killed可知，用复数名词。句意：猎人杀死了成千上万的犀牛……。故填 Hunters。
⑥考查冠词。名词 demand是可数名词，a在这里表示泛指。句意：……由于对犀牛角的需求量很大。故填a。
⑦考查形容词。根据Asian medicines可知空格处用形容词，故用形容词形式。句意：犀牛角被认为具有医疗作用，被用于传统的亚洲药物。故填traditional。
⑧考查语态。句中主语 rhinos与动词kill之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：仅2014年，南非就有超过1000头犀牛被杀……。故填 were killed。
⑨考查形容词比较级。根据空格前的much可知用 smaller。句意：……而肯尼亚的犀牛数量要少得多。故填 smaller。
⑩考查非谓语动词。本题考查have sth. done结构。句意：为了不被猎杀，苏丹、法图和纳金的犀牛角都被去除掉了。故填 removed。
17.答案： ①causing ②loss ③to ④has increased/has been increasing ⑤an ⑥annually ⑦when ⑧lies ⑨covered ⑩global
解析：①句意为: 一周前在五个欧洲国家打破高温纪录的热浪现在正在格陵兰岛上空, 导致岛屿上巨大的冰盖以接近纪录的速度融化, 也导致北极地区的冰层大量流失。is为本句的系动词, 动词cause与其之间无连词连接, 应用非谓语动词形式作结果状语; 主语The heat wave与动词cause之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填causing。
②a为冠词, huge为形容词, 两者均修饰该空, 应用单数名词。故填loss。
③be equal to为固定搭配, 意为"等同于"。故填to。
④由时间状语in recent decades可知, 此处应使用现在完成时(表示过去的动作对现在的影响)或现在完成进行时(强调动作从过去一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去), 主语Melting为第三人称单数形式。故填has increased/has been increasing。
⑤an average of为固定搭配, 意为"平均"。故填an。
⑥此处表示"每年, 一年一次地", 应用副词作状语。故填annually。
⑦句意为: 今年夏天, 融化的程度可能超过2012年创下的纪录, 当时约97%的冰盖表面开始融化。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作状语, 先行词为2012, 指时间, 故填when。
⑧此处陈述的是客观事实, 用一般现在时; 主语为Greenland, 谓语动词用第三人称单数, 故填lies。
⑨此处为"with+宾语+宾补"结构, 宾语82% of its surface与动词cover之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 应用过去分词形式。故填covered。
⑩此处修饰名词短语sea levels应用形容词。故填global。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（8）
一、填空
1.The students’ visit to the elderly brought joy to them and __________（增添乐趣）their day.
2.There is evidence showing that this temple ___________（追溯到） the Tang Dynasty.
3.When fat and salt are ____________（去掉）from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.
4.The teacher distributed the new books ___________ the pupils.
5.Who will look after him if he _______ ______(生病)
6.As he walked away, he ________ ________（发出）a sigh of relief.
7.This attracts more people to sign up _______ courses, discussions and lecture.
8.The young guide held______ his little flag and waved it to attract our attention.
9.It is believed that his new book vividly refers _____ a variety of subjects about nature.
10.My confidence, together with the skills you taught me, carried me __________.
11.They have stopped ___________ (传输) on that frequency.
12.The little girl preferred __________(go) the cinema rather than __________(stay) at home alone that night.
13.To his anger, the old car ________(损坏) on his way to the theatre last Sunday.
14.He ________ his hat and bowed politely as he passed. (take off / take up)
15.Many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault ________ youngsters' performances.
二、语法填空
16. Smell, more than any other sense, is deeply rooted in memory. It is believed by scientists ①_____ smells can recall feelings of distant memories. The scientists say ②_____ area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores ③_____(they) for decades. The area can instantly recall the memories with great clearness years later if a person encounters the smell again. Christina Strauch, from the Ruhr Universit t Bochum in Germany, says smells ④______(store) in the olfactory brain. The word "olfactory" means anything related ⑤_____ the sense of smell.
Many smells can transport us back to our childhood. Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a home-made dish can bring back ⑥_____(amaze) memories of growing up. Some smells can take you away to another point in time. Some smells can make you wish you ⑦_____(be) back in the past, or make you want to escape, which depends on whether the smell has a positive or negative ⑧_____(associate). Some doctors partly depend on this for their patients. Smells can even encourage you ⑨_____(buy) things in stores. Many stores introduce certain smells to awake particular memories, ⑩_____ can make people buy things they loved years ago.
17.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each time I take the underground I find myself ①________(surround) by dozens of passengers playing smartphones. They almost won't even give a glance at the outside world. You may think it is normal to play smartphones ②________ (kill) time. What's worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk as playing, ③________ is really an annoyance.
I really miss the old days when I ④________ (chat) with some passengers on the train. Now things are different. Everyone just concentrates ⑤________ their smartphones. When talking with them, ⑥________ seems that you are disturbing their playing smartphones. I could not just blame them for I am moving to be one like them. Sometimes I just feel we ⑦________ (large) ignore our neighbors and want to keep in touch with ⑧________ (distance) strangers through the Internet. We care about the things far away but pay no attention to the needs nearby. ⑨________ ridiculous the situation is! In a way we ⑩________ (control) by smartphones . Are you experiencing the same situation like me Do you have any ways to avoid that
答案以及解析
1.答案：brightened up
解析：考查动词词组。句意：学生们对老人的拜访给他们带来了欢乐并且增添了他们那天的乐趣。根据汉语提示“增加乐趣”，并且空前and表示本空和brought并列都要用过去式作谓语，故填brightened up。
2.答案：dates back to/from
解析：考查动词短语。句意:有证据表明这座寺庙可追溯到唐朝。表示、追溯到"可用动词短语date back to或date from在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实,用-般现在时，主语this temple是单数，主谓一致， 故填dates back to/from.
3.答案：removed
解析： 句意：脂肪和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来就好像少了什么东西似的。
4.答案：to
解析： distribute sth to sb将某物分发给某人。根据句意“老师将新书分发给学生。”可知，答案为to。
5.答案：falls/is ill
解析： 考查固定短语和时态。句意：他生病了谁来照顾他？表示“生病”为固定短语fall ill或be ill，主句为一般将来时，所以条件状语从句用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故填falls/is；ill。
6.答案：let out
解析： 考查翻译填空。根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词短语let out，根据前文中的walked，要用一般过去时态。let的过去式与原形相同。
7.答案：for
解析： sign up for登记注册，登记报名，是固定搭配。故填：for.
8.答案：up
解析： 句意：年轻的导游举起他的小旗，挥舞着以吸引我们的注意。表示"举起"，应用动词短语 hold up，故填up。
9.答案：to
解析： 句意：人们相信他的新书生动地提到了关于自然的各种主题。表示"描述"，应用动词短语 refer to，故填to。
10.答案：through
解析： 考查固定短语。句意：我的自信，加上你教给我的技能，使我度过了难关。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语" carry sb. through（sth）"，意为"使某人度过难关"，故空格处应用介词" through"。故填through。
11.答案：transmitting
解析：考查动词。句意：他们已经停止了那个频率的传输。根据汉语提示"传输"可知，空格处涉及单词" transmit"，意为"传输"，动词词性，句中涉及固定短语" stop doing sth."，意为"停止做某事"，故空格处应用动名词作宾语，" transmit"的动名词为" transmitting"。故填transmitting。
12.答案：to go , stay
解析：根据句法分析，不难看出本空格处应该用动词go的相关形式做动词preferred的宾语。结合固定短语prefer to do…rather than do 即：宁愿做某事而不做，其中的不定式做动词prefer的宾语。本句可以翻译为：这个小女孩更喜欢去电影院而不是在家里。
13.答案：broke down
解析：句意：使他生气的是，上星期天他去剧院的路上，那辆旧车坏了。 break down固定短语，“出故障，拋锚”，根据时可状语 last Sunday，可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故填 broke down.
14.答案：took off
解析： 考查单词填空。句意：他摘下帽子，走过时礼貌地鞠躬；你什么时候开始打篮球的？通过分析语境可知此空表示"脱下，摘下"，根据and后面的 bowed可知这里要用过去式。故填 took off。
15.答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配,根据句意,可知要填的词为"with",构成固定搭配find fault with sb挑剔某人,找茬。
16.答案：①that ②an ③them ④are stored ⑤to ⑥amazing ⑦were ⑧association ⑨to buy ⑩which
解析：①考查名词性从句。句意为: 科学家们相信气味能唤起关于遥远记忆的感觉。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导主语从句, It为形式主语, 且从句中不缺成分, 句意完整, 应用that引导该从句。故填that。
②考查冠词。句意为: 科学家们说, 大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味, 并将这些记忆储存几十年。此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且area的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
③考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处作动词stores的宾语, 应用they的宾格形式。故填them。
④考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 德国波鸿鲁尔大学的克里斯蒂娜 施特劳赫说, 气味储存在嗅觉大脑中。分析句子结构可知, 此处陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 从句主语smells与从句谓语动词store之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且smells为复数形式。故填are stored。
⑤考查介词。句意为: "olfactory"这个词是指任何与嗅觉有关的东西。be related to意为"与......有关", 为固定短语。故填to。
⑥考查词性转换。句意为: 厨房里烘烤的饼干的气味, 或者家里做的菜的气味, 都能勾起成长的美好回忆。此处修饰名词memories, 应用形容词作定语, 意为"令人惊喜的"。故填amazing。
⑦考查虚拟语气。句意为: 有些气味会让你希望回到过去, 或者让你想要逃离, 这取决于这种气味是有积极的还是消极的联想。wish后跟宾语从句时, 从句要用虚拟语气。此处表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时, be动词应用were。故填were。
⑧考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, positive和negative是形容词, 应修饰名词, 此处作has的宾语。故填association。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意为: 气味甚至可以促使你去商店购物。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配, 意为"促使、鼓励某人做某事"。故填to buy。
⑩考查定语从句。句意为: 许多商店会引入某些气味来唤起特定的记忆, 让人们购买多年前喜欢的东西。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面整个句子, 从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
17.答案：1.surrounded 2. to kill 3.which 4.chatted 5.on^ 6.it 7 largely 8.distant 9. How 1 0.are controlled
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意：每次我乘坐地铁，我发现自己被几十名玩智能手机的乘客包围。固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语此处myself和surround之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案为surrounded。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能认为玩智能手机来消磨时间很正常。此处t是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故答案为to kill。
③考查定语从句。句意：更糟糕是，当我和我的一些朋友聊天时，他们边聊天边玩，这真的很烦人。本句为非限定性定语从句，指代前面一句话，所以用关系代词which引导。故答案为which。
④考查时态。句意：我很怀念以前在火车上和一些乘客聊天的日子。结合句意可知此处指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态，故答案为chatted。
⑤考查固定词组，句意：每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机。固定词组：concentrate on“集中精力于”，故答案为on。
⑥考查固定句式。句意：与他们交谈时，你似乎打扰了他们玩智能手机。固定句式：it seems that…“似乎，好像”，故答案为it。
⑦考查副词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系此处ignore"忽视"是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为largely。
⑧考查形容词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处strangers是名词，由形容词来修饰，故答案为distant。
⑨考查感叹句。句意：这种情况多么可笑啊！这是一个感叹句，此处ridiculous是形容词，用how来修饰，故案为How。
⑩考查语态。句意：在某种程度上，我们现在被智能手机控制着。此处指目前的一种事实，且谓语动词和句子主语we之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为are controlled。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（6）
一、填空
1.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
You _____ feel that all the training is a waste of time, but I'm sure later you'll be grateful that you did it.
2.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
You _____ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
3.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
—Can't you stay a little longer
—It's getting late. I _____ go now. My daughter is home alone.
4.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
As you are here, you _____ as well stay and make the best of it.
5.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
Tom comes from Australia; he _____ speak English very well.
6.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
I _____ come to the party with you, but I am not sure.
7.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
Charlotte, _____ you put a spanner in the works
8.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
Mary _____ play the violin when she was five.
9.请选用适当的情态动词填空: can/ could, may/ might, must
We _____ eat in a restaurant if you like.
10.You know the story very well. You _________(read) the book.
11.He has no idea what the book is about. He _________(read) it very carefully.
12.I _________ not tell you what he did, for fear that he should be angry with me.
13.It's a pity that he _________ have failed the exam.
14.Persons under 18 _________ not be employed in night work.
15.I knew that if I spoke to Myra, I _________ get her to call my father.
二、语法填空
16.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There ①______(be) countless things that can influence your sleep. However, there’s one surprising factor that could be affecting your sleep: the paint of color in your bedroom. According ②______ a new survey, painting your bedroom a color that’s too bright or even too dark influences your sleep.
Different colors can set different ③______ (mood) in your space, some of ④______ may not be favorable to sleep. If you want your bedroom to be more calming, you’d ⑤______ (good) explore neutrals(中和色), light greens, and golds. As is described in the survey, dramatic colors like “bright reds, deep browns, and even olive greens” are less likely ⑥______ (leave) you feeling bright-eyed in the morning. Besides, having too dark a room may not keep you up at night, ⑦______ it can damage your energy upon ⑧______ (wake). On the other hand, a bright color should be avoided in the bedroom because it has the potential to interrupt sleep and promote activity rather than relaxation.
Anyway, that doesn’t mean that dramatic colors have to be off the table ⑨______ (entire). But remember: when you decorate your rooms, choosing the right color is ⑩______ must.
17.Rising To the Challenge Cyclists must dig deep to complete what's been called the toughest climb in the world. They race up to Wuling Peak to the finish line in the King of the Mountain （KOM） Challenge. Every October some of the world's best cyclists battle ①_____ the title. Starting at sea level, the route climbs to a height of 3，275 meters at the end, covering 105 kilometers.
Ever since I started cycling seven years ago, completing the KOM climb ②_____（be） a goal of mine. Every year I thought that I needed to prepare for it and used that as my excuse. But ③_____（look） back, I realize I would have been fine. Cycling uphill was no problem for me then- it was thrilling. Now it's exhausting.
Last summer I finally decided to take on Wuling with some friends. Our 89-kilometer route started at the base of the mountain and was a little shorter than the official KOM race. But it's the final 10 kilometers ④_____ are the most demanding：This is the steepest part, ⑤_____ makes the climb so hard.
We began early in the morning as a group of 17 riders. But only three of us would make it to the top. A support car was necessary, especially on a ride like this, ⑥_____（help） keep us energetic.
The first part of the ride went through Taroko Valley, a magnificent park. I've hiked there, ⑦_____. I've always wanted to bike it. I saw dramatic rocky outcrops, canyons, waterfalls and forests as I zipped through the valley and up the mountain road. Even though it was August, the weather was perfect. Unfortunately, the support car that carried our lunch ⑧_____（delay）.By the time it arrived, I was starving. Being consumed of energy even for that short time affected the rest of my ride. When the hard last 10 kilometers arrived, I really struggled to complete them. At one point I ⑨_____ see how close the top of the peak was, but it still felt so far away. Fortunately, determination carried me to the finish. ⑩_____（exhaust），I conquered Wuling! What a tremendous feeling!
答案以及解析
1.答案：may
解析：句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但我肯定,以后你就会感激你自己训练过了。本句中may意为“可能”。
2.答案：must
解析：句意:你一定是卡萝尔。这些年来你一点都没变。本句中must意为“一定”,表肯定的推测。
3.答案：must
解析：句意:——你不能再待时间长一点吗 ——时候不早了,我现在必须得走了。我女儿自己在家呢。本句中must意为“必须”。
4.答案：may/ might
解析：句意:既然你在这里,你不妨留下来并且好好利用它。“may/ might as well”意为“不妨,还不如”。
5.答案：can/ must
解析：句意①:汤姆来自澳大利亚,他能很好地说英语。can表示能力。句意②:汤姆来自澳大利亚,他英语一定说得很好。must表肯定的推测,意为“一定;准是”。故本题应填can/ must。
6.答案：may
解析：句意:我可能和你一起去参加聚会,但我不确定。根据空后but I am not sure可知,本句应用may表示“可能”。
7.答案：must
解析：句意:夏洛特,你偏要从中捣乱吗 本句中must意为“偏要”。
8.答案：could
解析：句意:玛丽五岁时就会拉小提琴。句中could表示“能力”,用于过去时态中。
9.答案：can
解析：句意:如果你喜欢的话,我们可以去餐馆吃饭。本句中can意为“可以”,用于提出建议。
10.答案：must have read
解析：考查情态动词+ have done的用法。句意为:你对这个故事很熟悉。你一定读过这本书。此处表示对过去发生的事情进行肯定猜测,应用"must/could/may/might + have done"结构;根据句意可知,此处表示有把握的推测,应用must have done。故填must have read。
11.答案：can't have read
解析：考查情态动词+ have done的用法。句意为:他不知道这本书的内容。他一定没有非常仔细地阅读过这本书。表示对过去的事情进行猜测、推断时,应用“情态动词+ have done”结构; can't have done sth.意为“过去不可能做过某事”,表示否定推测,符合句意。故填can't have read。
12.答案：dare
解析：考查情态动词。句意为:我不敢把他做的事情告诉你,我怕他会对我发脾气。根据本句中的"for fear"可知,此处应用情态动词dare,意为“敢”。故填dare。
13.答案：should
解析：考查情态动词。句意为:他考试竟然没及格,真是遗憾。should可以表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感,意为“竟然”。故填should。
14.答案：shall
解析：考查情态动词。句意为:不得雇佣十八岁以下的人做夜间工作。shall用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中时,表示决心、命令或指示。故填shall。
15.答案：could
解析：考查情态动词。句意为:我知道如果我和Myra说一声,我就能让她给我的父亲打电话。can表示有能力做某事;根据"knew"可知,此处应用can的过去式could。故填could。
16.答案：1. are2. to3. moods4. which5. better6. to leave7. but/yet8. waking9. entirely10. a
解析：
这是一篇说明文。讲述卧室墙的颜色会影响我们的睡眠。
【小题1】考查时态。句意:有无数的东西会影响你的睡眠。根据句型结构分析,此空应填谓语结构形式,后面主语countless things为复数且结合后面句子可推断这里应用一般现在时。故填are。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:根据一个新的调查,把你的卧室凌得太亮或者太淡会影响你的睡眠。根据句型分析,according to是固定搭配表“根据”,为介词短语。故填to。
【小题3】考查名词。句意:不同的颜色能创造出你在你房间的不同心情。根据句意和句型分析可知,mood表“心情"时为可数名词,且前面有different修饰,所以应用复数结构形式。故填moods。
【小题4】考查定语从句。句意:不同的颜色能创造出你在你房间的不同心情,其中的一些颜色可能并不利于睡觉。根据句型分析,此处考查非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺主语,指代前面colors。故填which。
【小题5】考查情态动词。句意:如果你想让你的卧室更加静怡,你最好探索下中和色,谈绿色和金色。根据句型结构和句意可知,此空考查had better构成的情态动词,表最好”,所以good应用比较级。故填better。
【小题6】考查非谓语。句意:正如调查中所描述的,引人注目的颜色像亮红色,深棕色和甚至橄榄绿不可能让你的眼睛在早上清澈明亮。根据句型和句意分析,be less likely to do为固定句型表更不可能做某事”,为形容词短语。故填to leave。
【小题7】考查连词。句意:而且,让一个房间太暗可能不会让你晚上熬夜,但是你一醒来,它会立即损害你的体能。根据句型结构和句意分析,此空前后两句话的关系为转折关系。故填but或yet。
【小题8】考查非谓语。句意看上题解析。upon doing sth “一……就……”,为介词,所以后面动词应变为动名词。故填waking。
【小题9】考查副词。句意:无论如何,这并不意味着引人注目的颜色将完全不予讨论。此空应填副词结构形式,放句尾修饰动词。故填entirely。
【小题10】考查冠词。句意:但是记住,当你装饰你卧室时,选择正确的颜色是必须的一件事。根据句型结构和句意分析,此空后must为名词,表必须做的事”,且为可数名词,首字母的发音为辅音音素,所以前面应加不定冠词a。故填a。
17.答案：①for②has been③looking④that⑤which⑥to help⑦but⑧was delayed⑨could⑩Exhausted
解析：①考查介词。句意：每年10月，一些世界上最好的自行车选手都会争夺冠军。根据句意，本句用的是battle for（为……而战）这个短语。选手是为冠军称号而战的。故填for。
②考查动词时态。句意：自从七年前我开始骑自行车以来，完成KOM攀登一直是我的目标。根据Ever since可知，主句是现在完成时态。结合本句句意，空处需填have/has been。又根据本句主语是completing the KOM climb，动名词做主语看成单数。故填has been。
③考查现在分词。句意：但是回想起来，我意识到我本来会很好的。分析句子，主语是I，此空处的look是状语，二者构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填looking。
④考查强调句。句意：但正是这最后的10公里是最难的。分析句子成分可知，本句是强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。强调句的关键是把It is和that去掉以后句子是完整的，这个符合强调句式的结构，此处强调the final 10 kilometers，应用that。故填that。
⑤考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是最陡的部分，这使得攀登如此困难。分析句子可知，本句是主从句结构，后面的从句修饰，引导词指物做宾语，另外本句属于非限制性定语从句，不能用that。故填which。
⑥考查不定式。句意：一辆辅助车是必要的，尤其是在这样的骑行中，以帮助我们保持活力。分析句子结构，中间部分是插入语，两边组成一个完整句子。本句中前面是主语+be动词的结构，后面动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to help。
⑦考查连词。句意：我曾在那里徒步旅行，但我一直想骑自行车。分析句子结构，逗号隔开了两个完整的句子。因此空处用连词，又因前后是转折关系，所以but符合题意。故填but。
⑧考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，运送我们午餐的支援车被耽搁了。分析句子，本句中的主语是the support car，后面的that引导的是定语从句修饰这个词。设空处是句子的谓语部分，结合语境，这个事发生在过去了，故用一般过去时。另外，the support car和动词delay构成被动关系，因此此空用一般过去时的被动语态， was/were+done。另外，主语是单数。故填was delayed。
⑨考查情态动词。句意：在某一点上，我可以看到山顶有多近，但它仍然感觉很遥远。分析句子，设空前的""是句子主语，空后是动词原形see。在主语和动词原形之间只能考虑情态动词了，再结合句意，作者是说他能看到山顶，再结合全文的一般过去时。故填could.。
⑩考查形容词。句意：筋疲力尽，我征服了武陵！分析句子可知，本句是主谓宾的结构，主语是l，谓语是conquered，宾语是Wuling，此空出现在句首，和主句逗号隔开，目没有连饲，设空处是形容词作状语，修饰主语"我"。exhausted表示筋疲力尽的，一般修饰人，符合题意。故填Exhausted。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（5）
一、填空
1.However, block printing ____________(be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a wood block, and a big book would require many blocks.
2.I, who ______(be) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
3.The New York Times _______(be) first published in 1851.
4.Not only my parents but also I _______(be) fond of sports.
5.Either you or one of your students ______(be) to attend the meeting.
6.In my opinion, neither my friend nor my classmates ______(be) as positive as Tom.
7.China ___________(be) a powerful country ever since.
8.The picture (look) more beautiful at a certain distance.
9.A majority of adult Americans overweight or obese nowadays.
10.Large amounts of money _______________(be) needed for the building，which makes us worried.
11.Now, not only you but also he __________(be) tired of having one examination after another.
12.That can't be the only way. There (be) other ways of solving the problem.
13.Just outside the ruins ____________(be) a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
14.In my opinion, one of the most important themes ______________(be) friendship.
15.Both of the sisters (be) not here, because one of them has moved to New York.
二、语法填空
16. For those ①_________ have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it's easy to come to this conclusion——the movie isn't about war or the planet, and it's not ②_________ (necessary) even about the apes. The movie is about ③_________ (survive) and the choices we all make when we want to survive, good or bad. With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach. You may find ④_________ (you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have become ⑤_________ (know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science fiction ⑥_________ a thoughtful and intelligent direction.
War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, ⑦_________ it's the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theatre for a few ⑧_________ (minute) after it ends, taking in what you've just witnessed.
The few movies that have that effect ⑨_________ (be) usually about humans, but this film enables people ⑩_________ (feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.
17.A Bite of China
No trip would be complete without experiencing the local food culture. ①________(actual), China has various kinds of delicious food, including a wide variety of local snacks.
For most of the foreigners I have contacted, and myself ②________ (include ), Peking duck and Mongolian hot pot are the favourite Chinese dishes. China is a place ③________ the food is not only delicious, but the ④________ (cheap).
⑤________ my last night in Beijing before ⑥________ (return) to the States, I went to a Peking duck restaurant that had been suggested to me to try. What a beautiful place, with splendid woodblock prints on the walls, fresh flowers in the vases, ⑦________ (attract) silverware(银餐具) and beautiful chopsticks. I was handed ⑧________ menu and found most of the prices were especially low for the high quality of the food.
Anyway, I ordered a whole duck, thinking I'd just take the rest back to my hotel ⑨________ (eat) later if I couldn't finish it. Unbelievably, none of the whole duck ⑩________ (leave) on the plate in the end.
答案以及解析
1.答案：was
解析：句意：然而，刻版印刷不是很方便。一本书的每两页都必须刻在一块木块上，一本大书就需要很多木块。本句的主语block printing为单数，且根据下文中的had和would的提示可知，此处应用一般过去时，因此填was。
2.答案：am
解析：我是你的老师，我会尽我最大的努力帮助你学习．考查单词填空．根据先行词I，可知定语从句的系动词用 am，表示现在的情况．
3.答案：was
解析：本题考查语境中选用恰当的动词形式；由1851可知句中需要过去时；而由复数名词构成的专有名词做主语时谓语动词往往用单数，故答案是was．
4.答案：am
解析： not only... but also...不但……而且……，连接主语遵循就近原则，根据句意用一般现在时主语是，be动词用am。故答案是am。
5.答案：is
解析： 句意:你或你的一个学生将参加明天的会议。考查主谓一致。根据时间状语tomorrow知应该用be to do结构表将来。 either...or...或者...或者..., 两个主语时句子的谓语与最近的那个主语保持一致。最近的主语是one of your students故谓语动词用单数。故答案是is。
6.答案：are
解析： 根据句意, 该句叙述的是现在的情况, 应用一般现在时态。neither...nor...连接并列主语, 谓语动词用就近原则, 因此, 该空应和my classmates保持一致。classmates是复数, 根据主谓一致原则, 谓语动词应用are。故填are。
7.答案：has been
解析：ever since与现在完成时连用。句意:自从那时起中国一直是一个强大的国家。
8.答案：looks
解析： [提示:系动词look意为“看起来”。]
9.答案：are
解析：句意为: 大多数的美国成年人都超重或肥胖。句中缺少 谓语，空格后为形容词overweight和obese,因此判断句子为主系表 结构。主语为复数，时间状语表示现在，故填are。
10.答案：are
解析：句意:大楼需要大量的钱,这让我们很焦虑。“large amounts of +名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数;又which引导的定语从句的谓语动词是一般现在时,故该处谓语用一般现在时,故填are。
11.答案：is
解析：句意:现在,不仅是你,他也对接二连三的考试厌倦了。not only...but (also) 连接的两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词与but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
12.答案：
1.客观填空 must be
解析：考査情态动词。句意为:那不是解决问题的唯一办法,肯定有其他的办法。根据句意可知,此处应用must表示肯定推测。 故填must be。
13.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。在倒装结构中,谓语动词的数与后面的第—个主语一致,此处的主语是a magnificent building,故be动词用单数形式is。
14.答案：is
解析：考査主谓一致。分析句子可知,one of ... 作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式,且此处表述的是一般的状况,故填is。
15.答案：are
解析：【解题思路】考查主谓一致。句意：并非两姐妹都在这里，因为其中一个已经搬到了纽约。根据Both of可知，谓语动词应用复数。
16.答案：who; necessarily; survival; yourself; known; in; but; minutes; are; to feel
解析：本文为我们介绍了《猩球崛起3:终极之战》这部电影,并分析了它为什么是一部好的作品。
①“①_______ have seen War for the Planet of the Apes”是定语从句,修饰先行词 those,指代人,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词who。故填who。
②not necessarily为常用固定搭配,意为“不一定”。故填 necessarily。
③设空处做介词 about的宾语且与“the choices”并列,应用名词。故填 survival。
④当主语跟宾语是同一人时,宾语应使用反身代词。故填 yourself。
⑤be known for为固定搭配,意为“因为……而闻名”。 become意为“变得;成为”,可替代be动词。故填known。
⑥句意:尽管最近的科幻电影都以动作场面著称但《猩球崛起3:终极之战》将科幻电影引入一个有深度和睿智的方向。in a... direction为固定搭配,意为“在一个……方向”。故填in。
⑦句意:《猩球崛起3:终极之战》或许并非是你印象中的怪兽动作片,但它是那种能让你在影院结束观影后静坐几分钟并消化刚刚所看到的一切的电影。前后句为转折关系,应使用but。故填but。
⑧minute是可数名词,空前有a few修饰,所以应用复数形式。故填 minutes。
⑨此句的主语为“The few movies”, “that have that effect”为定语从句,修饰主语,且全文使用一般现在时,因此应使用be动词are。故填are。
⑩ enable sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填 to feel。
17.答案：Actually; included; where; cheapest; On; returning; attractive; a; to eat; was left
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为如果在旅行中没有体验当地美食文化,那么这次旅行是不完整的。中国美食不仅好吃,价格也便宜。作者分享了自己在回国前一晚去一个北京烤鸭餐厅吃烤鸭的经历。
①考查副词。句意:事实上,中国有各种各样的美味食物,包括各种各样的地方小吃。本空修饰整个句子,故应用副词形式。
②考查过去分词。句意:对我接触到的大多数外国人,包括我自己来说,北京烤鸭和蒙古火锅是最受喜欢的中国菜肴。sth./sb. included某物/某人被包括在内,故本空用过去分词included作后置定语。
③考查定语从句。句意:中国是一个食物不仅好吃,并且最便宜的地方。所缺词引导定语从句,修饰先行词place,且在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
④考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the可知,本空应填形容词最高级cheapest。
⑤考查介词。night、morning、noon等词前加修饰词强调在某一个特定的时间时,要用介词on。本空后有修饰词my last,故填介词On。
⑥考查动名词。句意:返回美国前在北京的最后一个晚上,我去了别人推荐我去试试的一家北京烤鸭餐厅。本句中before(在……之前)是介词,故用动名词形式returning。
⑦考查形容词。句意:多么漂亮的地方啊——墙上有华丽的木版画,花瓶里有新鲜的花,还有引人注目的银餐具和漂亮的筷子。本空修饰名词silverware,故填形容词attractive。
⑧考查不定冠词。句意:他们递给我一份菜单,我发现对于这样高质量的食物,大多数价格特别低。menu第一次出现,表泛指,且以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
⑨考查不定式。句意:无论如何,我点了一只整的烤鸭,想着如果吃不完就把剩下的带回旅馆以后吃。此处应用不定式作目的状语。
⑩考查时态及语态。本句描述的是过去的事情,故应用一般过去时,且句子主语none of the whole duck与动词leave之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（3）
一、填空
1.Do you know how to cook a turkey The instructions in the recipe are really _______________ (confuse) and I really need your help.
2.China, compared with most western countries, is a ____________(develop) country that believes in building a community with shared future.
3.The rainforests are disappearing at an ___________(alarm) rate.
4.Even more serious difficulties include the ________(freeze) cold weather conditions and the heavy storms.
5.She has had a number of different jobs, ________(range) from chef to swimming instructor.
6.Weather ________(permit), the party will be held in the garden.
7.There is a great deal of evidence _________(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
8.There was a serious incident __________(involve) a group of youths.
9.Will the people ___________(sit) at the back keep quiet, please
10.When he woke up the next morning，he found himself ___________(lie) in the hospital.
11.Sometimes you need a helping hand and sometimes you can be the one ____________(give) the helping hand.
12.This painting is ______________ of his early work, ______________ the life in his hometown. ( represent)
13.It is my pleasure to answer the questions _______________(regard) the American Civil War.
14.___________(learn) English seems to become easier once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
15.Do you know the man ___________(sit) in the middle of the first row
二、语法填空
16.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sudan is the only male northern white rhino (犀牛) left in the world. That ①________(mean) Sudan, 42, is the last hope for avoiding extinction. ②________ (protect) him, officials have placed him under 24-hour armed guard at the OI Pejeta Conservancy in central Kenya. Sudan lives there ③________ two female northern white rhinos, Fatu and Najin.
Northern white rhinos, ④________ can weigh up to 5,000 pounds, were once plentiful across northern and central Africa. ⑤________ (hunter) have killed thousands of rhinos because of ⑥________ high demand for the animals,horns (角). Rhino horns, believed to have medical effects, are used in ⑦________ (tradition) Asian medicines. More than 1,000 rhinos ⑧________ (kill) in 2014 in South Africa alone and fifty-four rhinos in Kenya, which has a much ⑨________ (small) population.
Sudan, Fatu, and Najin have had their horns ⑩________ (remove) so that they will not be hunted. People hope Sudan and one of the females will be able to have a baby. Sudan is very old, but scientists will not give up hope.
17.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Adam is a freshman at senior high school. ①_____________(go) from junior high school to senior high school is really challenging. The first week was a little ②_____________(confuse). He had to think very carefully about which courses he wanted to take. His adviser suggested that he ③_____________(sign) up for advanced literature because he likes English and is good at it. He had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. He tried to join the school football team, but ④_____________(refuse). However, he won’t give up. He'll find a way to improve in order to make the team next year. Adam joined a volunteer club instead. He has to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to taking ⑤_____________(responsible) for a lot more.
答案以及解析
1.答案：confusing
解析： 句意：你知道怎么做火鸡吗？食谱上的说明真的令人困惑，我真的需要你的帮助。根据句意和结构可知这里使用形容词confusing意为"令人困惑的"作表语，修饰The instructions in the recipe.故填confusing。
2.答案：developing
解析： 考查形容词。句意：与大多数西方国家相比，中国是一个发展中国家，主张构建命运共同体。名词country前用形容词修饰。developing发展中的。根据句意，故填developing。
3.答案：alarming
解析：句意为:雨林正以惊人的速度消失。at an alarming rate意为"以惊人的速度"。
4.答案：freezing
解析：句意：更加严重的困难包括极冷的天气和强风暴。所填的词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。freezing cold weather严寒的天气。
5.答案：ranging
解析：考查非谓语动词．根据分析可知range要用非谓语动词形式在整个句子中做状语，这时逻辑主语是句子的主语she，它们之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词形式．她有很多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练．
6.答案：permitting
解析：句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。Weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，此处为独立主格结构。
7.答案：indicating
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,indicate与evidence之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语,因此填indicating。
8.答案：involving
解析：句意为:有一起涉及一群小伙子的严重事故。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填非谓语动词形式; involve和其逻辑主语 a serious incident是主动关系,故使用现在分词 involving。
9.答案：sitting
解析：句意:请坐在后面的人保持安静好吗 结合句意可知,空处作定语修饰the people。又因the people与sit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作定语。故填sitting。
10.答案：lying
解析：句意:第二天早上醒来时,他发现自己躺在医院里。结合句意并分析句子结构可知,空处作宾语补足语,补充说明himself的状态。find oneself doing sth.为固定用法,意为"发觉自己处于某状态/正在做某事"。故填lying。
11.答案：giving
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:有时候你需要帮助，有时候你可以成为伸出援手的人。分析句子结构可知，one与give是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。
12.答案：representative; representing
解析：考查词形转换和非谓语动词。句意:这幅画是他早期作品的代表作,描绘了他家乡的生活。分析句子结构可知,第一空应用形容词作表语,representative"可作为典型(或示例)的";This painting与represent之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故第二空用动词-ing形式作状语。
13.答案：regarding
解析：考查介词。句意:我很乐意来解答关于美国内战的问题。分析句子结构可知, "________(regard)the American Civil War"作定语修饰questions,故填regarding,意为"关于"。
14.答案：Learning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦了解了英语的基本结构和规律,学英语似乎就变得更容易了。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处应是动词-ing形式短语作主语,故填Learning。
15.答案：sitting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:你认识坐在第一排中间的那名男子吗 分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰the man,且the man与sit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。
16.答案：1. means 2. To protect 3. with 4. which 5. Hunters 6. a 7. traditional 8. were killed 9. smaller 10. removed
解析： ①考查动词时态。这里用一般现在时态，表示客观事实。句意：这意味着42岁的苏丹是避免北方白犀牛灭绝的最后希望。故填 means。
②考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了保护他肯尼亚中部的 OI Pejeta自然保护区的官员将他置于24小时的武装警卫之下。故填 To protect。
③考查介词。with表示“和…一起”。句意：苏丹和两头雌性北方白犀牛Fatu和 Najin生活在一起。故填with。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句中先行词 Northern white rhinos在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。句意：北方白犀牛重可达5000磅，曾在非洲北部和中部大量繁殖。故填 which。
⑤考查名词复数。根据谓语have killed可知，用复数名词。句意：猎人杀死了成千上万的犀牛……。故填 Hunters。
⑥考查冠词。名词 demand是可数名词，a在这里表示泛指。句意：……由于对犀牛角的需求量很大。故填a。
⑦考查形容词。根据Asian medicines可知空格处用形容词，故用形容词形式。句意：犀牛角被认为具有医疗作用，被用于传统的亚洲药物。故填traditional。
⑧考查语态。句中主语 rhinos与动词kill之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：仅2014年，南非就有超过1000头犀牛被杀……。故填 were killed。
⑨考查形容词比较级。根据空格前的much可知用 smaller。句意：……而肯尼亚的犀牛数量要少得多。故填 smaller。
⑩考查非谓语动词。本题考查have sth. done结构。句意：为了不被猎杀，苏丹、法图和纳金的犀牛角都被去除掉了。故填 removed。
17.答案：1. Going2. confusing3. (should) sign4. was refused5. responsibility
解析：
1.Going 解析:考查动名词。句意:从初中到高中真的很有挑战性。此处是动名词做主语。故填Going。
2.confusing 解析:考查形容词。句意:第一周有点让人困惑。本句主语是 The first week,主语是物,应用 ing 结尾的形容词修饰。故填 confusing。
3.(should) sign 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:他的导师建议他报高级文学课,因为他喜欢英语并且擅长英语。suggest that sb. (should) do sth.,表示建议某人应该做某事,suggest 加宾语从句需要用虚拟语气,should 可以省略。故填(should) sign。
4.was refused 解析:考查动词时态和语态。句意:他尝试加入学校足球队,但是被拒绝了。根据前文的 tried 可知,用一般过去时态,本句主语是 he 和 refuse 之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was refused。
5.responsibility 解析:考查名词。句意:作为一名高中生,他必须更加努力地学习,并习惯承担更多的责任。take responsibility for 表示“承担责任”,是固定短语,需要用名词形式,故填 responsibility。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（7）
一、填空
1.Not only ______ he do well in English, but he does well in maths.
2."_________ someone lose a bag at the last stop " the boy asked.
3.Seldom_________they watch TV those days;instead, they chatted with each other after supper.
4.People used to think the earth doesn't move at all, but it has been proved that it _____(do) move.
5.Not until he went through real hardship _________ he realize the love we have for our family is important.
6.Every girl and every boy ____________(have) the right to join the club，I think.
7.Not until the train pulled into the next station _____________ Mary find her suitcase gone.
8.Not until the rain stopped _______________ he leave the room.
9.He ______________(do) come but soon went back, so nobody noticed him.
10.Not once ____________(do) it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
11.学习这个国家的历史，将会使你的英国之旅更加愉快。
Studying the history of the country will .
12.I had intended to attend the party. But if you won't go, neither will I.
13.John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither will Henry.
14.Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ”
15.Only after being asked three times ____ he come to the meeting.
二、语法填空
16.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to the spots with most bacteria in your hotel room, there's one place you probably don't need to be too worried about: your bed sheet. Why It's all ①______________(thank) to the sheet's bright white color.
At first glance, ②______________ ( use) all-white bedding in a hotel might seem a bit absurd; white fibre material is the ③______________ (easy) to stain, after all. However, that's also ④______________ (exact) why it makes sense. White sheets make the rooms look recently decorated, ⑤______________ convinces guests that the beds are clean and fresh. And because they look so clean, they also give the ⑥______________ ( impress) of luxury(奢华)一even if the hotel itself is rather inexpensive.
"Visually, the idea of the white bed sheet is important," Erin Hoover, vice president of design for Westin Hotels and Sheraton Hotels, told HuffPost. "Something about the all-white bedding means safety, health and ⑦______________ good night's sleep." Westin Hotels ⑧______________ (be) the first to popularize the white hotel bed sheets back in the 1990s.
And if you have noticed, you'll find that the all-white color often applies ⑨______________ towels and nightclothes,as well. This has a ⑩______________ ( practice) purpose: Sheets, towels, and any other dirty laundry can be washed together without any color bleeding.
17.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mr. Jones,
I’m going back home in next week, so I’m writing to express my gratitude to you.
During my stay here as a exchange student, your wonderful teaching impressed me deep. Not only you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, you also behaved like a director in class, encouraged us to discuss in groups and share our ideas. Which moves me most is that you always talked to me patiently when I turned to you for help. With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class activities much actively, but gained a lot of knowledge in the end.
I sincerely invite you to visit China one day. I’ m sure you’ll have an unforgettable experience and fell in love with them.
答案以及解析
1.答案：does
解析：句意:他不仅英语学得好,而且数学学得也好。本句中not only...but (also)...连接并列的句子, not only置于句首, 所在句子用部分倒装形式, 即将谓语动词的一部分提到主语之前。but后面句子用了一般现在时, 根据空后he do可知, 此处应填助动词does, 故填does。
2.答案：Did
解析：句意："上一站有人丢了一个包吗？"这个男孩问道。根据句中的状语at the last stop可知，此句应用一般过去时。问号表明该句是一般疑问句，故填助动词Did。
3.答案：did
解析：句意：那些日子他们很少看电视，而是在晚饭后一起聊天。本剧否定副词Seldom置于句首，此时句子要用部分倒装，结合语境判断本空用一半过去式与后面的chatted呼应。
4.答案：does
解析：考查对谓语动词的强调。这里表示"的确", 对谓语动词进行强调, 表示的是一般情况, 且主语是第三人称单数, 故用助动词does。
5.答案：did
解析：not until置于句首,句子采用部分倒装,根据从句时态,可知用一般过去时态。
6.答案：has
解析：句意:我认为每个女孩和男孩都有权利加入俱乐部。“ every +单数名词+ and+every+单数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。根据I think可知该处用一般现在时,故填has。
7.答案：did
解析：句意为:直到火车驶进下—站,玛丽才发现她的行李箱不见了。not until位于句首时要使用部分倒装。由空前的pulled一词可知,本句叙述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填did。
8.答案：did
解析：考查倒装句。当not until...位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序,且由句中的stopped可知应填did。此句的正常语序为: He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped。
9.答案：did
解析：考查助动词表示强调的用法。根据语境可知,句子是在强调他的确来过,只是很快就走了,因此没有人注意到他。分析句子结构可知,空处应填助动词did来强调谓语。
10.答案：did
解析：考查倒装句。句意:Michael从来没有想过有一天自己会成为他班上的一个尖子生。否定词Not置于句首,所以此处用部分倒装;由后面的"could"可知用助动词did。
11.答案： make your visit (to England) much more enjoyable
解析： make your visit much more enjoyable "使你的旅行更加愉快"，此处是"make+宾语+形容词"结构，形容词作宾语补足语;助动词will后接动词原形。故填: make your visit (to England) much more enjoyable
12.答案：won't→don't
解析：句意为: 我本打算去参加那个聚会, 但是如果你不去, 我也不去。在含条件状语从句的复合句中, 条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。故将won't改为don't。
13.答案：will→has
解析：句意为: 约翰还没有通过驾照考试, 亨利也没有通过。当否定副词neither提前时, 后面的主谓语需部分倒装, 根据前一分句中的谓语has passed可知, 应将will改为has。
14.答案：Did
解析：分析句子结构可知.这是一个一般疑问句.询问过去发生的事情.故用助动词did。
15.答案：did
16.答案：1. thanks2. using3. easiest4. exactly5. which6. impression7. a8. were9. to10. practical
解析： 当谈到旅馆的床单时,人们总是想到细菌,但这篇文章告诉我们不要担心旅馆的床单上有细菌,因为床单是亮白色的。
1.thanks考査固定搭配。thanks to幸亏，由于。这里指都是由于床中明亮的白色。
2. using考查动名词作主语此处用动名词作句子的主语。
3. easiest考査形容词的最高级。白色的纤维材料是最容易被弄脏的,所以此处要用形容词最高级。
4. exactly考查词性转换。此处用副词作状语。
5. which考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。此处用which来引异非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句。
6.impression考查词性转换。根据句意可知,此处要用名词, 故填 impression。
7. a 考査冠词。此处用不定冠词a表泛指。a good night’s sleep表示“ 一夜好觉”。
8. were考査动词时态及主谓一致。根据in the 1990s可知此处用一般过去时,由于主语是名词复数,所以此处填were。
9. to考査固定搭配。apply to意思是“适合,适用于”。
10.Practical考査词性转换。此处修饰名词,所以要用形容词,故用practical。
17.答案：
Dear Mr. Jones,
I’m going back home in next week, so I’m writing to express my gratitude to you.
During my stay here as exchange student, your wonderful teaching impressed me. Not only you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, you also behaved like a director in class, us to discuss in groups and share our ideas. moves me most is that you always talked to me patiently when I turned to you for help. With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class activities actively, gained a lot of knowledge in the end.
I sincerely invite you to visit China one day. I’ m sure you’ll have an unforgettable experience and in love with.
解析：这是一篇应用文。本文是感谢信，作者在即将回国之际表达了对老师的感激之情。
1.考查介词。句意:我下周就要回家了，所以我写信向你表示感谢。在this、 that. next、 last. every、 yesterday、 tomorrow等构成的时间状语前不加任何介词，in多余。故去掉in。
2.考查冠词。句意:在我作为交换生留在这里期间，你出色的教学给我留下了深刻的印象。此处泛指“一个交换生”，exchange以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
3.考查副词。句意:在我作为交换生留在这里期间,你出色的教学给我留下了深刻的印象。副词deeply作状语, 修饰动词impress。故将deep改 为deeply。
4.考查时态和助动词。句意:你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像一个导演 ，鼓励我们分组讨论，分享我们的想法。此处是Not only放句首的部分倒装句，把助动词提前，此处说的是过去的事情，故应该用一般过去时， 助动词为did。故在you前加did。
5.考查现在分词。句意:你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像-一个导演，鼓励我们分组讨论，分享我们的想法。本句
已有谓语动词prepare和behave且无连词，动词encourage用非谓语形式， 逻辑主语you与动词encourage是主谓关系, encourage用现在分词(doing) 表主动,作状语。故将encouraged改为encouraging。
6.考查主语从句连接词。句意:最让我感动的是，当我向你求助时，你总是耐心地跟我说话。_____ moves me most是主语从句,从句缺乏主语，意为.... 的事”，用连接代词what,首字母大写。故将Which改为What。
7.考查比较级。句意:在你的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，并最终获得了很多知识。结合前面比较级more confident可知，此处指“更加积极地”，用副词比较级more actively.故将much改为more。
8.考查连词。句意:在你的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，并最终获得了很多知识。结合句意可知，前后是顺承并列关系，用并列连词and。故将but改为and.
9.考查动词原形。句意:我相信你会有-段难忘的经历并爱上它。fall是谓语动词， 结合will可知，时态用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，fall用动词原形形式。故将fell改为fall。
10.考查代词。句意:我相信你会有一段难忘的经历并爱上它。用代词it指代上文的China。故将them改为it。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（9）
一、填空
1.Despite _________ him of all his possessions, they even threatened to shoot him.（抢劫）
2.What I didn’t know was that my will would be tested even more when I __________. (退役)
3.The child was last seen _____________(漫游）in the street with a bag on his back.
4.Children this age enjoy books with simple stories and simple rhymes they can ______ (memory).
5.China began to e______ the South Pole in 1984.
6.He was invited to the party but did not ___________(参加；照料).
7.As we know, exercise ____________(贡献；捐献)to better health.
8.We _________(目击) an accident when we were on the way to school yesterday.
9.Just as she prepared to set ________ to the next village, two friends arrived in a taxi.
10.The style of painting a__________ (采用的)by many artists is intended to show reality.
11.So information was ________(交换), but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
12.He _________(挥手) and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.
13.Waste plastics ________ the circumstance severely, and recycling is important to reduce ________. Besides, we should be accustomed not to using plastic bags when shopping. (pollute)
14.We are so fond of our high intelligence that we ________(认为，假定) that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
15.Only after he walked out of the court, ___________(Snowden 感到) that he came out of the terrible days which he would never remember.
二、语法填空
16. Smell, more than any other sense, is deeply rooted in memory. It is believed by scientists ①_____ smells can recall feelings of distant memories. The scientists say ②_____ area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores ③_____(they) for decades. The area can instantly recall the memories with great clearness years later if a person encounters the smell again. Christina Strauch, from the Ruhr Universit t Bochum in Germany, says smells ④______(store) in the olfactory brain. The word "olfactory" means anything related ⑤_____ the sense of smell.
Many smells can transport us back to our childhood. Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a home-made dish can bring back ⑥_____(amaze) memories of growing up. Some smells can take you away to another point in time. Some smells can make you wish you ⑦_____(be) back in the past, or make you want to escape, which depends on whether the smell has a positive or negative ⑧_____(associate). Some doctors partly depend on this for their patients. Smells can even encourage you ⑨_____(buy) things in stores. Many stores introduce certain smells to awake particular memories, ⑩_____ can make people buy things they loved years ago.
17.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A reporter from Jiangsu Province went to Australia and some other①_______(country) with his father for a 3-month trip. His father spent most of his life②_______ ( work ) in the field. The son started the③_______ ( amaze ) trips with his father around the world because his father had cancer—a serious illness.
The reporter wanted④_______ ( take ) his father to travel, hoping that his father can find his younger self in his last days. They ⑤_______ ( travel ) more than 13,000 kilometers and took over 110,000 pictures on⑥_______ ( they ) trips to different countries. Well, a miracle happened during the “rebirth” trips. ⑦_______their surprise, his father got better from illness and became more open-hearted. He even taught himself to play ⑧_______violin, and then⑨_______ ( gradual )he played it very well, ⑩_______encouraged him a lot. Now he is expecting another trip to Africa. He is the most stylish dad ever.
Time carves (雕刻) his face but youth flows in his blood. This is the real style.
答案以及解析
1.答案：robbing
解析：考查动词，句子使用短语 rob sb of sth."抢劫某人的某物"， despite"尽管"是介词，后接动词使用其动名词形式，故填robbing。
2.答案：retired
解析：考查动词，根据中文意思可知使用 retire，句子使用一般过去时，故填retired。
3.答案：wandering
解析：see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事； see sb do sth看到某人已经/经常做某事；根据句意可知孩子被看到时，正在漫游，其被动语态结构是 sb be seen doing sth；故结合句意和汉语填 wandering。
4.答案：memorise
解析：考查动词。分析该句结构可知，设空处在情态动词can的后面，故用动词原形。句意：这个年龄的孩子喜欢有简单故事和他们能记住的简单押韵词的书。
5.答案：explore
解析： 句意：中国于1984年开始探索南极。考查单词拼写，根据句意和首字母提示可知这里使用动词explore意为"探索"，began to后面接动词原形。
6.答案：attend
7.答案：contributes
8.答案：witnessed
解析：考查翻译填空．根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，根据下文中的were，要用一般过去时．
9.答案：off
解析：句意:正当她准备出发去下一个村庄时,两个朋友乘出租车来了。set off意为“出发;启程”,符合题意。
10.答案：admired
解析：考查考查单词拼写．根据句意和首字母提示可知这里使用过去分词admired，表达被欣赏，钦佩．
11.答案：exchanged
12.答案：waved
13.答案：pollute; pollution
14.答案：assume
15.答案：did Snowden feel
16.答案：①that ②an ③them ④are stored ⑤to ⑥amazing ⑦were ⑧association ⑨to buy ⑩which
解析：①考查名词性从句。句意为: 科学家们相信气味能唤起关于遥远记忆的感觉。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导主语从句, It为形式主语, 且从句中不缺成分, 句意完整, 应用that引导该从句。故填that。
②考查冠词。句意为: 科学家们说, 大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味, 并将这些记忆储存几十年。此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且area的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
③考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处作动词stores的宾语, 应用they的宾格形式。故填them。
④考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 德国波鸿鲁尔大学的克里斯蒂娜 施特劳赫说, 气味储存在嗅觉大脑中。分析句子结构可知, 此处陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 从句主语smells与从句谓语动词store之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且smells为复数形式。故填are stored。
⑤考查介词。句意为: "olfactory"这个词是指任何与嗅觉有关的东西。be related to意为"与......有关", 为固定短语。故填to。
⑥考查词性转换。句意为: 厨房里烘烤的饼干的气味, 或者家里做的菜的气味, 都能勾起成长的美好回忆。此处修饰名词memories, 应用形容词作定语, 意为"令人惊喜的"。故填amazing。
⑦考查虚拟语气。句意为: 有些气味会让你希望回到过去, 或者让你想要逃离, 这取决于这种气味是有积极的还是消极的联想。wish后跟宾语从句时, 从句要用虚拟语气。此处表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时, be动词应用were。故填were。
⑧考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, positive和negative是形容词, 应修饰名词, 此处作has的宾语。故填association。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意为: 气味甚至可以促使你去商店购物。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配, 意为"促使、鼓励某人做某事"。故填to buy。
⑩考查定语从句。句意为: 许多商店会引入某些气味来唤起特定的记忆, 让人们购买多年前喜欢的东西。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面整个句子, 从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
17.答案：1. countries2. working3. amazing4. to take5. travelled/ traveled6. their7. To8. the9. gradually10. which
解析： ①句意:一位来自江苏的记者和他的父亲去了澳大利亚和其他一些国家,进行了为期三个月的旅行。因country前面由some other修饰,故用复数形式。故填countries。
②句意:他父亲一生的大部分时间都在田里度过。spend+时间+doing sth.花费时间做某事,故填working。
③句意:儿子和父亲开始了这次奇妙的旅行,因为父亲得了癌症一种严重的疾病。amazing令人惊讶的,修饰名词trips。故填amazing。
④句意:记者想带他的父亲去旅行,希望他的父亲能在最后的日子里找到他年轻的自己。want to do sth.想要做某事,故填to take。
⑤句意:他们旅行超过13,000公里,在前往不同国家的旅行中拍摄了超过11万张照片。本文通篇用一般过去时。故填travelled/traveled。
⑥句意:他们旅行超过13,000公里,在前往不同国家的旅行中拍摄了超过11万张照片。形容词性物主代词修饰名词trips。故填their。
⑦to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是,因在句首,故首字母大写。故填To。
⑧句意:他甚至自学拉小提琴,然后逐渐地练习后,他拉得很好。play the violin拉小提琴。故填the。
⑨句意:他甚至自学拉小提琴,然后逐渐地练习后,他拉得很好。逐渐地gradually。故填gradually。
⑩本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句,指代上面这句话。故填which。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（2）
一、填空
1.Good habits ______ (form) at youth make all the difference.
2.Yuan Longping __________(overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice.
3.The bad guy _______________ (欺骗) her into believing him a wealthy man.
4.The woman __________ (panic) when she saw smoke coming out of the engine.
5.The rain poured down, so they _______ (hide) behind in the cave for shelter.
6.The young woman ______(admit) that she stole the money.
7.Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________(teach) English on the radio the day before yesterday.
8.Horrible mistakes and conflicts ______(occur) because they showed little respect for others' religions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.He quickly ________(fold) the bed sheet and spread it on the bed.
10.At that moment, realizing we were being robbed, I ___________(panic) and tried to drag my friend away before we could get into even more serious trouble.
11.A truck went out of control and __________(crash) into the back of a bus.
12.Altogether, 16 candidates ______(apply) for the positions, but only four were finally selected.
13.—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro
—A couple of days. I _______(buy) it last week.
14.He tried a new technology, but a difficulty _____(arise) right here.
15.About 9,000 African elephants ________ (appear) in the 1990s. They’re in great danger.
二、语法填空
16.阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During a trip to New York City, Alabama woman Mary Anderson ①_________(notice) a trolley driver couldn’t see well when it was snowing. At that point, drivers had to open the window ②_________ (clear) it, letting snow and rain into the vehicle. As a solution, Anderson designed and patented wood and rubber arms ③_________ would push rain and snow off the window at the pull of a lever (控制杆). But she was told her ④_________ (invent) was distracting and impractical, and she never profited from her design.
17. Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They ①_________(get) a worrying result from their fall monarch count in 2018— ②_________ number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since 2017.
The orange and black monarch butterflies are famous ③_________ their long migrations(迁徙)—they fly thousands of miles every year. In the spring and summer they fly north; in the fall they fly south again.
Monarchs, like most butterflies, are ④_________ (terrible) important for plants. They help create more plants by spreading pollen (花粉) between plants. In turn, monarchs depend on plants for food. And they depend completely on a plant called milkweed ⑤_________ (lay) their eggs.
But monarchs have been facing growing problems for years. As more and more wild land has been turned into large farms, the monarchs have had trouble ⑥_________ (find) enough milkweed. Many farms also use chemicals ⑦_________ will kill insects in order to protect their plants. These chemicals also affect monarchs. Besides, pollution has made milkweed less ⑧_________ (health) for the monarchs than it used to be.
Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing ⑨_________ (do) to save them.
⑩_________ (thing) that people can do to help include planting milkweed, controlling the use of chemicals, protecting wild areas, and planting trees.
答案以及解析
1.答案：formed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 年轻时形成好的习惯关系重大。分析句子可知, 空处是修饰空前主语的, 作后置定语。根据句意及句子结构可知空处所填词与修饰主语是被动关系, 且动作已经完成, 所以要用动词的过去分词形式。故填formed。
2.答案：overcame
解析：结合语境可知, 句子是在描述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填:overcame。
3.答案：cheated
解析： 考查动词和时态。句意:那个坏家伙欺骗她相信他是个有钱人。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去根据汉语提示"欺骗"可知,空格处涉及单词"cheat", 意为"欺骗", 动词词性, 过去式为"cheated"。故填cheated。
4.答案：panicked
解析： 惊慌：panick，不及物动词；句意表达的是过去的事实，要用一般过去时态。
5.答案：hid
解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语；根据前文中 poured要用一般过去时。故填：hid。
6.答案：admitted
解析： 考查时态。句意：那个年轻女人承认她偷了钱。分析句子结构，该空为主句的谓语动词，根据宾语从句的谓语动词" stole"，可知主句用一般过去时，所以填 admitted。
7.答案：taught
解析： 根据题干the day before yesterday,可知时态是一般过去时,用动词过去式。故填taught。
8.答案：occurred
解析：分析句子可知，空格处应该是谓语，根据后面从句时态可知，主句应该用一般过去时，故填occurred。
9.答案：unfolded
解析：考查动词的反义词和时态。句意:他迅速展开床单,把它铺在床上。根据句中spread it on the bed可知,该处指将床单展开,故用fold的反义词unfold。由spread可知应用一般过去时。
10.答案：panicked
解析： 句中缺少谓语,用动词作谓语; tried和panicked是并列谓语,都用一般过去时。故填:panicked。
11.答案：crashed
解析：设空处所填谓语与句中已有谓语动词went时态一致,应用一般过去时, 故填crashed。
12.答案：applied
解析：由下文的were可知句子使用一般过去时，因此使用apply的过去式applied.故答案为：applied.
13.答案：bought
解析： 考查动词的时态。句意为：Wendy，你购买华为P30 Pro多长时间了？有好几天了。我上周买的这部手机。根据时间状语"last week"可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填bought。
14.答案：arose
解析：根据句中的tried可知此处应使用arise的过去式。arise意为"(问题或困难)发生, 出现", 为不及物动词。故填arose。
15.答案：disappeared
解析：句意：20世纪90年代，大约有9000头非洲大象消失了。它们处境非常危险。根据" They're in great danger"可知，处于危险之中，说明有许多大象已经消失，数量越来越少， disappear"消失"，根据 “in the 1990s”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填disappeared .
16.答案：1. noticed2. to clear3. that/which4. invention
解析：①考查时态。句意：在去纽约的旅途中，阿拉巴马州的妇女玛丽 安德森注意到一名电车司机在下雪时看不清东西。根据“During a trip to New York City，"在去纽约的路上可知notice这个动作是过去发生的，要使用一股过去时。故填noticed，
②考查非谓语动词。句意：就在那时，司机不得不打开窗户去清理它。根据句意可知，打开窗户的目的是“清理”“，即使用不定式做目的状语。故填to clear。
③考查定语从句。句意：作为解决方法，Anderson设计了一个木质的橡胶手臂并申请专利，这个手臂可以通过控制杆将车窗上的雨和雪推掉。该句为定语从句，先行词为wood and rubber arms，并在从句中做主语，应由关系代词that\which引导。故填that which.
④考查名词。句意：但是她被告知她的发明会分散司机注意力，不切实际。本题中invite前为形容词性物主代词her，其后要接名词，故填invention。
17.答案：got; the; for; terribly; to lay; finding; which/that; healthy; is done; Things
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲了帝王蝶这种蝴蝶的数量在下降,并解释了造成它们数量下降的原因、它们的重要性以及人们可以做些什么去拯救它们。
①2018年是过去的时间,谓语动词用过去式,故填got。
②the number of... ……的数量,故填the。
③ be famous for... 因……闻名,故填for。
④terrible意为“糟糕的,非常严重的”,是形容词,important意为“重要的”,是形容词,应用副词修饰,terrible的副词形式是terribly,意为“很,非常”,故填terribly。
⑤depend on... to do...依靠……去做……,故填to lay。
⑥have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难,故填finding。
⑦chemicals在此处指“化学药品”,是定语从句的先行词,定语从句中缺少主语成分,用关系代词代指前面的名词,并且指物,应该用关系代词which/that,故填which/that。
⑧less应修饰形容词原级,health意为“健康”,是名词,其形容词形式是healthy,意为“健康的”,故填healthy。
⑨此处事情是被做,用被动语态,结构为be done, if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,nothing意为“什么也没有”,谓语动词用单数,be动词的单数形式是is,故填is done。
⑩后面列举出了很多人们可以做的事情,故此处可数名词thing用其复数形式,句首单词首字母大写,故填Things。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（10）
一、填空
1.If a student _ (缺乏) the motivation to study，he or she will quickly become tired of studying.
2.When the archaeologists the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very woman.
3.In the , he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.
4.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is .
5.As the evidence began to , experts from the Zoo felt to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
6.When I entered my room, I found it _______ (decorate) with flowers.
7.The two seemed ________ (argue) with each other.
8.In the earthquake, some children escaped _______ (kill).
9.Whoever you are, you d_________ equal treatment.
10.It’s time someone made him ____________(意识到) of the effects of his actions.
11.The little boy can r__________ the temptation of the toy.
12.“Sit here and b_______ yourself, young lady!” the mother shouted at her naughty daughter. (根据首字母单词拼写)
13.If possible, we can _______(捐赠）money to the committee.
14.I am ________(申请) for a visa next week.
15.Let's make use of our energy and ______(oppose) to wasting water, electricity, paper and so on.
二、语法填空
16. How do you know I am really a human writing this article and not a robot
Forbes uses ①_____ AI robot called Bertie to assist in providing reporters ②_____ first drafts for news stories. The Washington Post also ③_____(have) a robot reporter called Heliograf. In its first year, approximately 850 articles ④_____(publish) and it even earned an award for its "Excellence in Use of Bots". However, The Washington Post is using it not to replace journalists, but to assist them and make their jobs ⑤_____(easy) and faster.
Journalists are worried that the content written by robots could weaken reliable media outlets that they write for by not ⑥_____(produce) quality content. However, some say that will not be the case but rather increase the quality by giving reporters the ability ⑦_____(concentrate) on quality over quantity. All in all, this could ⑧_____(true) benefit jounalism.
"The work is creative. It's about ⑨_____(curious) storytelling, digging and holding governments accountable. And it's about critical thinking and judgment. These are ⑩_____ we want our journalists spending their energy," AP Director of News Partnerships Lisa Gibbs said.
17.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
PM stands for particulate(微粒的) matter: the term for a mixture of solid particles(粒子) and liquid droplets in the air. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen by our eyes. Others are so small that they can only ①________(discover) with a microscope.
These particles come in many sizes and ②________ (shape) and can be made up of many different chemicals. Some come directly from a source, such as fields or fires. Most particles form ③________ the atmosphere as a result of complex reactions of chemicals, ④________ are pollutants from power plants, industries and automobiles.
Particulate matter ⑤________ (contain) microscopic particles that are so small that they can be breathed in and make one ⑥________ (serious) ill. Some particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter can get deep into your lungs ⑦________ some may even get into your bloodstream. Of these, particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, also known as PM2.5, create the ⑧________ (great) risk to health.
Fortunately, every day the Air Quality Index (AQI) tells you how clean or ⑨________ (pollute) your outdoor air is, along with associated health effects that may be of concern. The AQI translates air quality data into numbers and colors that help you understand when ⑩________ (take) action to protect your health.
答案以及解析
1.答案：lacks
解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语；在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时态；主语student是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填：lacks.
2.答案：reconstructed, modern-looking
解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语，根据下文中were要用一般过去时；形容词modern-looking作定语修饰名词woman.故填：reconstructed； modern-looking.
3.答案：torchlight, recognized
解析： 句意：他借助手电筒的光看到一个人影，一眼便认出此人便是本地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯。介词后接名词作宾语，torchlight是不可数名词；根据前文中caught要用一般过去时，recognize sb.as认出某人是。故填：torchlight；recognized.
4.答案：confirmed, cornered
解析： 句意：当她看到它时，它马上跑开了，并且专家证实美洲豹不会伤害人类除非是在陷入窘境之时。因事情已发生，要用一般过去时；it与corner之间是动宾关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填：confirmed；cornered.
5.答案：accumulate, obliged
解析：句意：证据开始慢慢地积累，动物园的专家感到有义务展开调查，因为那些声称看美洲狮的人提供的描述是那么的相似。不定式符号to后接动词原形；feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事；感到不得不做某事，是固定搭配。故填：accumulate；obliged.
6.答案：decorated
解析： 句意：当我走进房间时，我发现房间里装饰了鲜花。it与decorate之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填：decorated.
7.答案：to be arguing
解析： 句意：两人似乎在争吵。seem to do sth.似乎要做某事，强调正在发生，要用动词不定式进行式。故填：to be arguing.
8.答案：being killed
解析： 句意：在地震中，一些孩子幸免于难。escaped后接动词时用动名词形式，且children.与kill之间是动宾关系，要用动名词的一般被动式。故填：being killed.
9.答案：deserve
解析： 句意：无论你是谁，你值得平等对待。考查首字母填空，根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，根据前文中的are，要用一般现在时态，故填deserve.
10.答案：aware
解析： 本题主要考查形容词。句意：是时候某人让他意识到他的所作所为的影响了。根据中文提示和句子结构make+ sb.+adj.意为“使某人意识到.”可知此处填形容词aw are。故正确答案为aware。
11.答案：resist
解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语；情态动词can后接动词原形。故填：resist。
12.答案：behave
解析： 考查动词。句意："坐在这儿，放规矩点，小姐！"母亲对她那顽皮的女儿大声喊道叫。根据句意和所给的首字母可知，此处使用动词 behave；and是并列连词， sit here.是祈使句， behave yourself应该是祈使句，应用动词原形。故填 behave。
13.答案：donate
解析： donate动词捐赠，can后面加动词原形。
14.答案：applying
解析："申请"的英语是apply,根据状语next week 可知句子要用将来时，be+doing （现在进行时表示将来）， 故填applying.我下周就要申请签证了。
15.答案：be opposed
解析：句意为: 让我们充分利用资源, 反对浪费水、电、纸等资源。结合句意及空后的介词to可知, 该空应使用be opposed to doing sth.结构, 表示"反对; 抵制"。分析句子, 根据let这一使役动词的用法let sb. do sth.可知, 该空应填动词原形与make并列。故填be opposed。
16.答案：①an ②with ③has ④were published ⑤easier ⑥producing ⑦to concentrate ⑧truly ⑨curiosity ⑩where
解析：①考查冠词。此处泛指一个智能机器人, 所以应用不定冠词修饰, 且AI的发音以元音音素开头, 所以填an。
②考查介词。provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物, 所以填with。
③考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是"The Washington Post", 是一份报纸的名称, 为单数概念, 且应与上句中的uses时态保持一致, 所以填has。
④考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知, 空处为句子的谓语, 与句子的主语"850 articles"构成被动关系, 故用被动语态, 且根据and可知, 此处应与earned的时态保持一致, 即一般过去时, 又因为850 articles为复数, 所以谓语动词也应用复数形式, 所以填were published。
⑤考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的and可知, 空处与faster并列, 故用形容词的比较级形式做宾语补足语, 所以填easier。
⑥考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词做宾语, 空处做介词by 的宾语, 所以填producing。
⑦考查非谓语动词。the ability to do sth.做某事的能力, 此处用不定式做后置定语, 所以填to concentrate。
⑧考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空处应用副词, 修饰动词benefit, 所以填truly。
⑨考查名词。分析句子结构可知, 空处应为名词, 做介词about的宾语, 所以填curiosity。
⑩考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导表语从句, 在从句中做地点状语; 结合语境可知, 此处表示这些就是我们想让新闻工作者投入精力之所在, 所以填where。
17.答案：1. be discovered2. shapes3. in4. which5. contains6. seriously7. and/while8. greatest9. polluted 10. to take
解析：①本题主要考查被动语态。分析成分可知，they和discover之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态。前有情态动词should，此处be动词应用原形。故正确答案为be discovered。
②本题主要考查名词。分析成分可知，此处和sizes并列，因此应用可数名词复数形式。shape作名词意为“形状”，复数形式为shapes。故正确答案为shapes。
③本题主要考查介词。分析句子可知，particle应该是在atmosphere中。in表示“在……里面”。故正确答案为in。
④本题主要考查连接词。分析句子可知， pollutants from power plants, industries and automobiles是用来解释chemicals的，因此应用非限制性定语从句连词which。故正确答案为which。
⑤本题主要考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为句子谓语动词，主语为Particulate matter，是单数形式，因此谓语为第三人称单数形式contains故正确答案为contains。
⑥本题主要考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰形容词ill，故应用副词形式。serious是形容词，意为“严重的”，副词为seriously。故正确答案为seriously。
⑦本题主要考查连词。分析句子成分可知，此处应是连词，连接前后句子，且为并列关系。故正确答案为and/while。
⑧本题主要考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处为形容词最高级形式。great是形容词，意为“好的；大的”，最高级形式为greatest。，故正确答案为greatest。
⑨本题主要考查形容词。根据空前的连词or可知，此处与clean是并列关系。pollute是动词，意为“污染”，形容词形式为polluted，意为“被污染的”。故正确答案为polluted。
⑩本题主要考查非谓语。“特殊疑问词+不定式”是固定搭配，when to take action表示“何时采取行动”。故正确答案为to take。2023届高考英语语法复习专项试卷：动词（4）
一、填空
1.The old man was utterly ________(吸引) in the book..
2.My brother took the pills for only three days before he fully recovered, so the medicine _________(prove) effective.
3.An artist ____________ (inspire) by the scene painted this beautiful picture.
4.She treated the _________ (adopt) son as if he were her own.
5.Perhaps, one day, readers of F. Sott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves__________ (glue) to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.
6.With his attention ________(focus) on his book, he didn’t notice me enter his study.
7.________(tire) and hungry, the tourists wanted to find a restaurant to have something to eat.
8.Many students believe that they will choose their courses and universities __________(base) on their own interests.
9.To save energy, we’d better buy the goods which can be r________.
10.Goats ' cheese may be ________ (加工) in many ways.
11.Athletes who have reached the agreed standard can be_______(admit)as competitors.
12.You’d better not get ___________ (annoy) at his ignorance.
13.She felt proud with her living ______ (earn) by herself.
14.These flowers will die unless ________(water) every day.
15.________(surround) by a crowd of fans, he couldn’t move a bit.
二、语法填空
16. Smell, more than any other sense, is deeply rooted in memory. It is believed by scientists ①_____ smells can recall feelings of distant memories. The scientists say ②_____ area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores ③_____(they) for decades. The area can instantly recall the memories with great clearness years later if a person encounters the smell again. Christina Strauch, from the Ruhr Universit t Bochum in Germany, says smells ④______(store) in the olfactory brain. The word "olfactory" means anything related ⑤_____ the sense of smell.
Many smells can transport us back to our childhood. Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a home-made dish can bring back ⑥_____(amaze) memories of growing up. Some smells can take you away to another point in time. Some smells can make you wish you ⑦_____(be) back in the past, or make you want to escape, which depends on whether the smell has a positive or negative ⑧_____(associate). Some doctors partly depend on this for their patients. Smells can even encourage you ⑨_____(buy) things in stores. Many stores introduce certain smells to awake particular memories, ⑩_____ can make people buy things they loved years ago.
17.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
PM stands for particulate(微粒的) matter: the term for a mixture of solid particles(粒子) and liquid droplets in the air. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen by our eyes. Others are so small that they can only ①________(discover) with a microscope.
These particles come in many sizes and ②________ (shape) and can be made up of many different chemicals. Some come directly from a source, such as fields or fires. Most particles form ③________ the atmosphere as a result of complex reactions of chemicals, ④________ are pollutants from power plants, industries and automobiles.
Particulate matter ⑤________ (contain) microscopic particles that are so small that they can be breathed in and make one ⑥________ (serious) ill. Some particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter can get deep into your lungs ⑦________ some may even get into your bloodstream. Of these, particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, also known as PM2.5, create the ⑧________ (great) risk to health.
Fortunately, every day the Air Quality Index (AQI) tells you how clean or ⑨________ (pollute) your outdoor air is, along with associated health effects that may be of concern. The AQI translates air quality data into numbers and colors that help you understand when ⑩________ (take) action to protect your health.
答案以及解析
1.答案：absorbed
解析： 考查翻译填空。句意：那位老人全神贯注于这本书.be absorbed in是固定短语"全神贯注于"，所以填：absorbed.
2.答案：proved
解析： 考查系动词prove的用法。句意是"我哥哥只吃了三天的药丸就康复了，所以这药证明是非常起作用的。"句中prove是系动词，后面接形容词effective作表语，prove表示"证明是"，不用于被动语态。由took可知句子是一般过去时态，所以prove用过去式proved.故答案是proved.
3.答案：inspired
解析： 句意：受现场启发的艺术家绘了这幅美丽的图画。考查翻译填空。根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，artist与inspire，之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语，故填inspired。
4.答案：adopted
解析： 句意：她对这个儿子就像自己亲生的一样。考查单词填空。根据后面的名词可知需要用形容词，adopted收养的，故填adopted。
5.答案：glued
解析： 句意：也许，有一天，菲茨杰拉德最受赞赏的作品的读者会发现自己被《了不起的盖茨比》的剧集完全吸引住了。分析句子可知，所给词glue这里表示"完全吸引；使专注于"之意，动词find后面接复合宾语，themselves与glue之间为被动关系，应用过去分词glued作宾语补足语，表示"发现自己被完全吸引"，故填glued.
6.答案：focused
解析：With his attention...his book,这句话是伴随状语,不构成一个完整的句子,不缺少谓语,考虑非谓语动词。又因为他的注意力是被他聚焦,所以考虑被动。故正确答案为focused。
7.答案：Tired
解析： 句意：又累又饿，游客们想找家饭店吃点儿东西。此处是形容词作状语，表示"疲惫的"，所以填Tired。
8.答案：based
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生认为他们会根据自己的兴趣来选择课程和大学。在that引导的宾语从句中，谓语是will choose，宾语 their courses and universities故base要用非谓语形式，base与名词courses and universities之间是被动关系，故填based。
9.答案：recycled
解析： 考查语态。句意：为了节约能源，我们最好购买可回收的物品。结合句意，定语从句的谓语动词是含有情态动词的被动语态，故填recycled。
10.答案：processed
解析： process表示"加工"， cheese与process之间是动宾关系，要用情态动词的被动语态。故填processed。
11.答案：admitted
解析： 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：只有达到商定标准的运动员才能被接纳为参赛者。分析句子可知主语athletes和admit之间是被动关系，句中给出了will be，可知句子用一股将来时的被动语态，admit用过去分词admitted。故填admitted。
12.答案：annoyed
解析： get是连系动词，后接形容词作表语；过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人。故填：annoyed。
13.答案：earned
解析：考查”with+o+oc” 结构, earn与逻辑主语her living 构成动宾关系，因此用过去分词。
14.答案：watered
解析：本题考查unless引导的条件状语从句的省略问题。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句的动词是be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省去。主句主语是the flowers, 从句主语也是the flowers, 且与动词water（浇水）之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。由“every day(每天)”，得知，时态是一般现在时。其完整形式: unless the flowers are watered every day。可以把“the flowers are”省略，所以本空直接填入watered。
15.答案：Surrounded
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:被一群粉丝包围着,他动不了了。因为he和surround之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作状语。
16.答案：①that ②an ③them ④are stored ⑤to ⑥amazing ⑦were ⑧association ⑨to buy ⑩which
解析：①考查名词性从句。句意为: 科学家们相信气味能唤起关于遥远记忆的感觉。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导主语从句, It为形式主语, 且从句中不缺成分, 句意完整, 应用that引导该从句。故填that。
②考查冠词。句意为: 科学家们说, 大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味, 并将这些记忆储存几十年。此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且area的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
③考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处作动词stores的宾语, 应用they的宾格形式。故填them。
④考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 德国波鸿鲁尔大学的克里斯蒂娜 施特劳赫说, 气味储存在嗅觉大脑中。分析句子结构可知, 此处陈述客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 从句主语smells与从句谓语动词store之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 且smells为复数形式。故填are stored。
⑤考查介词。句意为: "olfactory"这个词是指任何与嗅觉有关的东西。be related to意为"与......有关", 为固定短语。故填to。
⑥考查词性转换。句意为: 厨房里烘烤的饼干的气味, 或者家里做的菜的气味, 都能勾起成长的美好回忆。此处修饰名词memories, 应用形容词作定语, 意为"令人惊喜的"。故填amazing。
⑦考查虚拟语气。句意为: 有些气味会让你希望回到过去, 或者让你想要逃离, 这取决于这种气味是有积极的还是消极的联想。wish后跟宾语从句时, 从句要用虚拟语气。此处表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时, be动词应用were。故填were。
⑧考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, positive和negative是形容词, 应修饰名词, 此处作has的宾语。故填association。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意为: 气味甚至可以促使你去商店购物。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配, 意为"促使、鼓励某人做某事"。故填to buy。
⑩考查定语从句。句意为: 许多商店会引入某些气味来唤起特定的记忆, 让人们购买多年前喜欢的东西。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面整个句子, 从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
17.答案：1. be discovered2. shapes3. in4. which5. contains6. seriously7. and/while8. greatest9. polluted 10. to take
解析：①本题主要考查被动语态。分析成分可知，they和discover之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态。前有情态动词should，此处be动词应用原形。故正确答案为be discovered。
②本题主要考查名词。分析成分可知，此处和sizes并列，因此应用可数名词复数形式。shape作名词意为“形状”，复数形式为shapes。故正确答案为shapes。
③本题主要考查介词。分析句子可知，particle应该是在atmosphere中。in表示“在……里面”。故正确答案为in。
④本题主要考查连接词。分析句子可知， pollutants from power plants, industries and automobiles是用来解释chemicals的，因此应用非限制性定语从句连词which。故正确答案为which。
⑤本题主要考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为句子谓语动词，主语为Particulate matter，是单数形式，因此谓语为第三人称单数形式contains故正确答案为contains。
⑥本题主要考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰形容词ill，故应用副词形式。serious是形容词，意为“严重的”，副词为seriously。故正确答案为seriously。
⑦本题主要考查连词。分析句子成分可知，此处应是连词，连接前后句子，且为并列关系。故正确答案为and/while。
⑧本题主要考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处为形容词最高级形式。great是形容词，意为“好的；大的”，最高级形式为greatest。，故正确答案为greatest。
⑨本题主要考查形容词。根据空前的连词or可知，此处与clean是并列关系。pollute是动词，意为“污染”，形容词形式为polluted，意为“被污染的”。故正确答案为polluted。
⑩本题主要考查非谓语。“特殊疑问词+不定式”是固定搭配，when to take action表示“何时采取行动”。故正确答案为to take。
